Name: _______________________Madelyn Valentine______________________________________________ Developmental Theories Comparison Chart Name of Theorist Name of Theory (if applicable) Important Ideas

about Child Development:

What ideas did this person contribute to child development and/or early childhood?

Arnold Gesell

Maturational Theory

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalytical Theory

Nature contributions- created norms and benchmarks for parents and teachers of typical child behaviors and achievements based on age. Believed biology and genetics is only contributor to development (no other factors impact) Developed 3 components of personality ID- present at birth Based on pleasure principle. Unconscious behavior that is primitive as well as an instinct Makes sure infant needs are meet to be fed, changed, etc.. Ego- shows up at 2 years old, reality principle they understand to a point somethings are not always possible. satisfies ID but
Fall 2012

Child Development Developmental Theories Comparison Chart

Name of Theorist

Name of Theory (if applicable)

Important Ideas about Child Development:

What ideas did this person contribute to child development and/or early childhood?

keeps in balance with super-ego. Super-ego- seen in adolescents/ adults. Contradicts ID goes by what is socially appropriate. Knows what is right or wrong. Understand guilt and acts are done consciously. 4 Psychosexual stages Stages passed in order Fixation- unresolved issues results in being stuck 1. oral (Birth- 1year) pleasure/comfort/eating/ sucking 2. Anal (1-3yr) independence/ accomplishment have control conflict- toilet training Anal explusive- too lenient Anal retentive- too strict parent 3. Phallic (3-6yr) boys vs girls realize the difference. rival develops with same sex
Child Development Developmental Theories Comparison Chart Fall 2012

Name of Theorist

Name of Theory (if applicable)

Important Ideas about Child Development:

What ideas did this person contribute to child development and/or early childhood?

parent want more attention from opposite sex parent. But also identify with same sex. 4. latency (6-puberty) calm stage because they begin directing time with other interests, develop social communication and confidence. Lev Vygotsky Sociocultural theory Social and cultural environments are important The zone of proximal development, with help children can do more. area between independent performance on tasks and tasks that can be done with skilled helper. Scaffolding- with assistance, breaking down things into steps they can do. Self-talk- walking through steps as
Fall 2012

Child Development Developmental Theories Comparison Chart

Name of Theorist

Name of Theory (if applicable)

Important Ideas about Child Development:

What ideas did this person contribute to child development and/or early childhood?

Erik Erikson

Psychosocial development theory

they think out loud. Based on Freud. 8 stages of development. (0-12month) Trust vs. mis-trust (1-3) autonomy vs. shame doubt (3-5) initiative vs. guilt (5-12) industrious vs. inferiority (12-20) identity vs. confusion (Early adult) intimacy vs. isolation (Mid adult) generatively vs. stagnation (Elderly adult-death) integrity vs. despair Contributions to caregiver consistency, attachments, morality and sibling relationships. Importance of attachment and emotional bonds with infants and mothers. Solid attachment important for other social relationships for life.
Fall 2012

John Bowlby

Ethological theory

Child Development Developmental Theories Comparison Chart

Name of Theorist

Name of Theory (if applicable)

Important Ideas about Child Development:

What ideas did this person contribute to child development and/or early childhood?

B.F. Skinner

Process of attachment starts at birth well under way at 6month 1. Pre attachment 2. attachment in making 3. clear cut attachment 4. goal corrected partnership orhans un able to love because no chance to form bond. Maternal deprivation- occurs if child is separated from caregiver, loses mother, or fails to attach Monotrophy- instinctive attachment that occurs. Also can affect empathy they feel if no attachment. Learn through Nature- do as I say not as I do. Stimulus and response is how you learn. Rats, push bar, get treat. Children, shake rattle, make noise
Fall 2012

Child Development Developmental Theories Comparison Chart

Name of Theorist

Name of Theory (if applicable)

Important Ideas about Child Development:

What ideas did this person contribute to child development and/or early childhood?

Albert Bandura

Maria Montessori

Maturational theory

Jean Piaget

Cognitive development theory

2 important steps to learning. Nature vs. nurture means genetics and environment really effect how child develops. Behavior is learned though observation and modeling Reinforcement not necessary, because use of modeling. Example was the bobo doll. and how aggression is learned. Sensitive periods for learning and mastering specific tasks. All children have potential to learn even though traditional method may not be effective. Self-directed exploration- learn on own being curious and discover. No wrong ways to learn or do something. Unity of mental and physicallearning is intellectual and physical How knowledge develops
Fall 2012

Child Development Developmental Theories Comparison Chart

Name of Theorist

Name of Theory (if applicable)

Important Ideas about Child Development:

What ideas did this person contribute to child development and/or early childhood?

4 stages of cognitive dev. Sensorimotor- (birth-2)learn through senses. Preoperational- (2-7) through symbols (very egocentric) concrete operational- (7-12) begin logic thinking formal operational- (adolescents and forward) logic and abstract thinking Abraham Maslow Humanistic theory Hierarchy of needs Needs must be met to thrive. Physiological food water cloths Safety live in safe environment Love/belonging part of group, loved Esteem higher level of belongingness and affection higher, feel valued. Self-actualization highest level, max potential.
Fall 2012

Child Development Developmental Theories Comparison Chart

Name of Theorist

Name of Theory (if applicable)

Important Ideas about Child Development:

What ideas did this person contribute to child development and/or early childhood?

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Ecological theory

Jack Shonkoff and Deborah Phillips

Social learning theory

Environment is multi layered Interactions between layers make up every individuals experiences Layers: microsystem- family peers school workplace religious affiliation, neighborhood. YOU are impacted by Mesosytem- family schools peers religious affiliation workplace neighborhood, Exosystem-econimic system political system education system government system and government system and religious system, Macrosystem- overarching beliefs and values, chronosystemdimension of time. Contributed to ideas about diversity and importance of family and collaboration in early childhood programs. Skills that must be promoted in early childhood.
Fall 2012

Child Development Developmental Theories Comparison Chart

Name of Theorist

Name of Theory (if applicable)

Important Ideas about Child Development:

What ideas did this person contribute to child development and/or early childhood?

Howard Gardner

Theory of multiple intelligences

1. focus and self-control 2. perspective taking 3. communicating 4. making connections 5. critical thinking 6. taking on challenges 7. self-directed, engaged learning Early on environment shapes our brain. (Nurture) Neuron connections grown from basic to complex Cognitive, social and emotional functioning are related to all connections Brain change ability decreases overtime Rethinks how to measure intelligence. people have greater or lesser degrees of each type. all have different talents and skills Linguistic auditory, reading
Fall 2012

Child Development Developmental Theories Comparison Chart

Name of Theorist

Name of Theory (if applicable)

Important Ideas about Child Development:

What ideas did this person contribute to child development and/or early childhood?

Logical-math reasoning, patterns, puzzles Spatial visual, drawing, models Musical rhythm, sounds, tapping, lyrics Bodily kinesthetic physically active, equipment, objects Interpersonal with others, groups Intrapersonal own goals, inner self, alone Naturalistic outdoors relate w/ surroundings
Resources: Child Development course textbook Power point in class McLeod, S. A. (2007). John Bowlby | Maternal Deprivation Theory - Simply Psychology. Retrieved fromhttp://www.simplypsychology.org/bowlby.html

Child Development Developmental Theories Comparison Chart

Fall 2012

Child Development Developmental Theories Comparison Chart

Fall 2012