Social Investment Manual 2011

Social Investment Manual
An Introduction for Social Entrepreneurs
Developed by the Social Investment Task Force

Consisting of
Technical University Munich
Schwab Foundation Community of Social Entrepreneurs* led by Andreas Heinecke
Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship
Ann-Kristin Achleitner Wolfgang Spiess-Knafl
Mirjam Schning Abigail Noble
Ann-Kristin Achleitner holds the KfW Endowed Chair in Entrepreneurial Finance and is Scientific Director of the Center for Entrepreneurial and Financial Studies at the Technische Universitt Mnchen in Munich, Germany. Andreas Heinecke is Founder and CEO of Dialogue Social Enterprise and a professor at the Danone Chair for Social Business at the European Business School in Oestrich-Winkel, Germany. Abigail Noble is head of Latin America and Africa at the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship in Geneva, Switzerland. Mirjam Schning is head and Senior Director of the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Geneva, Switzerland. Wolfgang Spiess-Knafl is a research assistant at the KfW Endowed Chair in Entrepreneurial Finance at the Technische Universitt Mnchen, Munich, Germany.
Published: September 2011 The Social Investment Manual can be found at www.schwabfound.org/pdf/schwabfound/SocialInvestmentManual.pdf or ssrn.com/abstract=1884338. * Please see page 61 for an overview of the task force members of the Schwab Foundation community who contributed to the development of this document. We look forward to your commentss. Please contact wolfgang.spiess-knafl@wi.tum.de or abigail.noble@schwabfound.org. We would like to thank Miriam Al-Ali, Andrea Coleman, Gene Falk, Pradeep Jethi, Victoria Kisyombe, Lisa Mller, Reed Paget, Amitabha Sadangi, Sarah Volk, Heinrich Weninger, Arthur Wood (in alphabetical order) and all participants of the workshop on Social Investment organized by the Schwab Foundation for their contributions and willingness to discuss some of the key issues.
Contents
Foreword 1 2 3 Introduction Social Investment Landscape The Financing Process 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 5 6 7 Index Sources Available Financing Instruments Finding the Right Investor Approaching the Social Investor Screening and Due Diligence Process Negotiating the Financing Terms Working with Investors Performance Measurement Exit Consideration Internal and External Financing Investment Template Non-Disclosure Agreement Template Social Investors with General Investment Focus Social Investors with Focus on Microfinance Value Banks Social Investment Advisory Funding Consultancies Social Stock Exchanges Funding Platforms 3 5 6 8 8 11 12 13 15 17 18 20 21 21 22 24 27 42 47 52 54 55 57 61 63 65
Appendix
Task Force Members of the Schwab Foundation Community
Foreword
The basis for this manual was formed at a Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship gathering during the World Economic Forums Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2010 in Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China. The Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship comprises nearly 200 of the worlds leading social entrepreneurs, who represent the voice of social innovation at the World Economic Forum. Thirty social entrepreneurs in the Schwab Foundation community came together in Tianjin in September 2010 from around the world to share their current challenges and discuss how these challenges could be addressed together. Subsequently, several task forces were formed by Schwab Foundation social entrepreneurs to address the common challenges. The task force on social investment quickly caught the interest of additional members in the Schwab Foundation community. The Schwab Foundation recognizes social enterprises that span the spectrum of financial models, including grant-based organizations and revenue-generating organizations, which can be not only financially self-sustainable but also profitable. Social investments reflect the same spectrum on the financing side and are not limited to equity and debt capital. Social entrepreneurs who want to understand social investments are the primary audience of this manual. The entrepreneurs who participated in the social investment task force had varied and often extensive experience with social investors. Some had conducted long negotiations with social entrepreneurs, learning through trial and error about how best to work with social investors. While networks like the Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN), the Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs (ANDE) and the European Venture Philanthropy Association (EVPA) provide opportunities for social investors to exchange experiences, there was little knowledge-sharing among social entrepreneurs. The task force set out to reconcile this through the creation of this manual. Social investment can offer entrepreneurs the chance to scale up their impact tremendously, but it can also lead to unintended consequences, such as a change in strategic direction, a divergence from the original values and mission of the enterprise, a distancing from direct engagement with the community it is serving, or a loss of control over the organizational culture. Given this, the need for a manual is ever more important for social entrepreneurs. We hope that this manual provides the basic toolkit for social entrepreneurs to begin these conversations, not only with prospective investors, but also with themselves. It is our hope that social entrepreneurs will embrace both the challenges and opportunities represented by the social investment space, and use this guide as a launching point. Given the rapid evolution of this field, the task force welcomes continuous feedback and insights from entrepreneurs to incorporate in the guidebook.
We would like to recognize and thank Andreas Heinecke for driving the task force on social investment as well as the members of the task force. We would like to thank Professor AnnKristin Achleitner and Wolfgang Spiess-Knafl at the Technical University Munich for their invaluable support in compiling this manual.
Mirjam Schning Head Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship
Abigail Noble Regional Head for Latin America and Africa Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship
1 Introduction
Philanthropic donations were previously the major, if not the only, source of funds for a growing social enterprise. As the field of social enterprise has gained credibility and therefore scale, funding sources that can ensure not only the financial sustainability but also the growth in impact of social enterprises have increased in terms of number of funders and size of financing. Social Investment or Impact Investment, as this form of financing is often called, represents an important complement to grants or government subsidies. Social investors typically invest in organizations with a strong social change mission, who generate an income, but are not yet considered commercially attractive. Paradoxically, while successful social entrepreneurs with proven track records face a chronic lack of capital, social investors say the deal opportunities are limited. However, it is more than a simple market inefficiency or matching problem that must be solved. In many cases when social investors and social enterprises do no transact, it is because the skills and expertise required to achieve the objective are not understood. The best of intentions on both sides cannot prevent deals from failing. The authors of this manual believe that while the problem is multi-faceted, one concrete step forward it to create better information and understanding among both parties that can bring the market together. First, better understanding of the social investment space is needed on both ends. Second, rigorous and mutually agreed upon metrics that will facilitate the social investment transactions and deal flow are imperative. This manual strives to address this challenge. This document is by no means a scientific treatise on social investment, nor is it an abstract idea. It is written from the perspective of social entrepreneurs, to help them engage better with those who deal with social investment support, to help shorten times to assess expectations and prepare a mutually relevant frame. Social entrepreneurs have already sought out to address the most pressing problems facing societies today. The goal of this manual is to alleviate an additional challenge to the social entrepreneurs, by having a mutually compatible approach for social entrepreneurs and social investors.
2 Social Investment Landscape

There has been an increased effort in recent years by social entrepreneurs to overcome the challenges of the traditional donation-based philanthropy model through social investment opportunities. To facilitate this, institutions comparable to traditional capital market institutions have been set up in the social sector to reduce the transaction costs and to help allocate capital more efficiently. The institutions in the social sector and their equivalent in the traditional capital markets are shown in the following figure.
Figure 1 Social Capital Markets
Illustration based on Achleitner & Spiess-Knafl (in press) Each institution focuses on a specific segment of the social sector. The institutions are described below. Value banks have the same role as commercial banks in traditional capital markets. They take deposits from savers and give loans to individuals and companies. Since Value Banks focus on the social sector, they have a better understanding of the business models and the specific needs and requirements of social enterprises. In addition, the savers sometimes accept a lower interest rate, which can be passed on to the social enterprise. An overview of those specialized loan providers can be found in chapter 6.5 Value Banks on page 48. The traditional role of investment banks is the financial advisory of corporate clients and the matching of supply and demand. Social investment advisers take over the same role in the social sector. They support the social enterprise in setting up an appropriate financing structure and finding the right investors. A list of social investment advisers can be found in chapter 4.7 Social Investment Advisory on page 52.
A stock exchange is an efficient public platform to match supply and demand. On stock exchanges, companies can issue shares or bonds which are then traded continuously. Companies have access to a large capital pool and investors can sell their shares or bonds without delay at any time. A social stock exchange can be an attractive financing option for social enterprises with a proven business model and significant financing needs. At the moment, four social stock exchanges with trading activities are being incorporated. An overview of social stock exchanges can be found in chapter 4.9 Social Stock Exchanges on page 55. Investment funds act as intermediaries between demand and supply by bundling funds from investors that they subsequently invest in certain asset classes. This approach reduces the transaction costs and the risk through diversification effects. Social investment funds apply the same principle in the social sector. They collect funds from individuals or foundations that they invest in a given sector such as microfinance or the solar industry. Over the last 15 years, high-net-worth individuals and foundations have started to rethink their funding strategies. They began to adopt venture capital techniques for their funding strategies. This new form of financing in the social sector is known as Venture Philanthropy, High Engagement Philanthropy or Social Venture Capital. The term is used differently across the world, but can be defined as having the following characteristics (John, 2006): High engagement Tailored financing Multi-year support Non-financial support Organizational capacity-building Performance measurement
Thus, social investors concentrate their funding, and support only a limited number of social enterprises. Therefore, they can support the social enterprise over a longer period of time and use tailored financing (also including grant funding). Venture Philanthropy funds also support the social enterprise on a non-financial basis with management consulting or pro bono services. Due to their similarities and a different understanding in different regions of the world, social investment funds and venture philanthropy funds are shown in the same overview. An overview of the social investors can be found in chapter 4.4 Social Investors with General Investment Focus on page 27, as well as chapter
Social Investors with Focus on Microfinance on page 42. Rating and research agencies publish ratings and research reports on publicly listed companies to support investors in their capital allocation decisions. In the social sector, funding consultancies play this role. They publish research reports on different sectors and advise funders on which organizations to support. An overview of those consultancies can be found in chapter 4.8 Funding Consultancies on page 54. Funding platforms are similar to social stock exchanges as they provide a platform to match demand and supply, but without active trading. The different platforms are described in the chapter 4.9 Funding Platforms on page 57.
3 The Financing Process

The complete financing process includes the following steps: Finding the appropriate financing instrument Finding the right social investor Approaching the social investor Screening and due diligence process Negotiating the financing terms Working with the investor, including performance measurement Exit of the investment
Before approaching a social investor, the social entrepreneur should consider first which financing instruments are suitable and then which social investors support the strategy and social mission of the social enterprise.
3.1 Available Financing Instruments

When determining the right financing instrument, social entrepreneurs should ask themselves the following questions (see also Figure 2 below): Can we set aside capital that would allow us to repay in a few years any financing received? In thinking about ways our organization might grow, can we take on capital that requires annual interest or dividend payments (e.g. 5% interest) throughout the course of the financing? Classification of available financing instruments
Figure 2
Illustration based on Achleitner, Spiess-Knafl & Volk (2011) Those financing instruments are described in Table 1 and in more detail below. A short introduction to internal and external financing is given in the appendix on page 21. 9
Financing Instrument
Term Sheet Duration: Short term
Implications for Social Enterprise - Usually restricted use for predefined projects - High fundraising costs - Low entrepreneurial flexibility Annual interest payments require low risk business model No dilution of ownership Far-reaching rights of capital providers in case of default High entrepreneurial flexibility in the use of capital Dilution of ownership Social investor receives control and voting rights Profit participation for social investor Potential impact on corporate culture Annual interest payments require predictable cash flows Dilution of ownership only if converted into equity Mandatory repayment Profit participation for social investor Inexpensive financing instrument No dilution of ownership Risk sharing with the social investor Great structuring flexibility
Grants
Annual payments: None Repayment: Duration: None Long term (3-7 years)
Debt Capital
Annual payments: Interest payments (variable) Repayment: Duration: Yes Unlimited
Equity Capital
Annual payments: Dividend payments (variable) Repayment: Duration: No Long term (3-7 years)
Mezzanine Capital
Annual payments: Interest payments (variable) Repayment: Duration: Yes Long term (3-7 years)
Hybrid Capital
Annual payments: None Repayment: Depends upon structure
Table 1: Comparison of Financing Instruments Source: Own illustration 10
Grants are a traditional form of financing in the social sector that are provided by foundations or individuals and continue to be an important funding source for social enterprises. Despite their importance, there are some shortcomings related to grants. Grants are regularly provided only for certain projects and usually exclude overhead costs and expenditures for the development of the social enterprise. Furthermore, grants are usually short-term, not predictable and impose high fundraising costs on the social enterprises. Equity capital is the financing instrument with the highest risk for the investor. The social investor gives the social enterprise a certain sum in exchange for a share of the company (e.g. 10% of total shareholdings). The social investor receives no regular annual payments but a share of the profits generated by the social enterprise. Besides a share of future profits, the social investor has certain control and voting rights. Control and voting rights depend upon the legal form of the enterprise and are usually structured in the contract between investor and investee. Debt capital can be used for long-term investments or project financing that promise stable and predictable cash flows over the next years. The stable and predictable cash flows are necessary as the debt capital providers receive an annual interest payment. Debt capital is provided on a temporary basis and requires repayment after a few years. Normally, the loans are provided for five to seven years. Mezzanine capital combines elements of debt and equity capital and represents a convenient financing alternative if pure equity or debt capital is not applicable. The interest payment can be linked to the profits of the company, whereas the total amount is repaid after a certain time period or converted into equity capital. The structuring flexibility makes mezzanine capital an attractive option for social entrepreneurs as well as social investors. Hybrid capital contains elements of grants, equity and debt capital. The grant character can be explained through the fact that there are no interest costs and, in certain pre-agreed scenarios, the financing instrument is converted into a grant. Financing instruments with hybrid capital character include recoverable grants, forgivable loans, convertible grants and revenue share agreements described below. A recoverable grant is a loan that must be paid back only if the project reaches certain previously defined milestones. If the milestones are not reached, the recoverable grant is converted into a grant. This mechanism can be used if success of the project enables the social enterprise to repay the loan to the social investor. A forgivable loan is a loan which is converted into a grant in the case of success. If the social enterprise reaches the goals agreed on beforehand by the investor and investee, the loan does not have to be repaid. A convertible grant is another financing instrument with hybrid capital character. The social investor provides the enterprise with a grant that is converted into equity in the case of success. Revenue share agreements are financing instruments with which the investor finances a project and receives a share of future revenues. This risk sharing model can be used for the repayment of the financing and gives the social enterprise financial flexibility. 11
3.2 Finding the Right Investor

When determining whether a prospective investor is the right fit for a social enterprise, the social entrepreneur should consider both formal and informal criteria. The questions in the below figure are designed to help the social entrepreneur make the decision on whether the social investor is the right fit. Figure 3 Investment fit
Source: Own illustration Many social investors concentrate their funding on a particular sector or geographic region, thereby deepening their expertise and allowing them to transfer knowledge among the social enterprises. For this reason, the geographic focus and the sector focus tend to be important on the part of the investor, and are usually strict criteria. Investors tend to focus on a specific investment stage, which can make it difficult to come to an agreement when the social enterprise is at a different business model stage than the social investors usual focus. Some social investors only finance a proven business model, while others finance start-ups with a promising concept. In most cases, this proof of concept is usually not negotiable. However, the financing terms and the investment stage do offer room for negotiation. In the case of significant capital needs exceeding a limit of approximately US$ 1,000,000, social investors can syndicate the investment (simultaneous investment of two or more investors). The different investment stages are Seed, Early Stage/Start-Up and Later Stage/Mature. The social entrepreneur also has to consider if the social investor shares the same values and has a similar mission. During the first meeting with the social investor or a discussion with other investees, this can be gauged. Some investors compare this process to the steps leading to a marriage, where formal criteria are just a part of the considerations and the subtle or dynamic impressions that the investor and investee have in their interactions determine whether the arrangement is the right fit.
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3.3 Approaching the Social Investor

Social investors screen and analyse as many social investment opportunities as possible, in order to find the best investment prospect. For this reason, it is easy to make initial contact with investors, and their websites offer information on how to contact the fund managers. Box 1 Acumen Fund has a link on its website, Business Plan Submission, with all relevant information. On this page, Acumen Fund describes the formal criteria such as: - Geography - Sector - Size - Stage If the social entrepreneur meets these criteria, he/she is asked to send a business plan to businessplans@acumenfund.org addressing the following topics: - What is the primary product or service you provide? - Tell us about your team, mission and goals. How are you uniquely qualified and positioned to take on this endeavour? - Tell us about your experience and knowledge working with the market that you would like to serve. What have your experiences been in testing your product in the target market and how has this positioned you to grow from here? - How is the product or service relevant to impacting the lives of the base of the pyramid? - Many well-intentioned ideas to help the poor are not sustainable and do not appropriately address market barriers to success. How has your venture uniquely addressed these issues? What is unique about your approach to the challenges of serving the poor with your product or service?
Another way to meet social investors is through social investment conferences. In addition to meeting the investors, social entrepreneurs can speak with other investees of the social investor or social investment advisers, which can provide a good overview of the activities of the different social investors.1 In the appendix on page 22 is an investment template on how to prepare the relevant information. This template structures the relevant information and reduces the time spent for further inquiries.
Also see page 45 for a list of social investment advisers.
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3.4 Screening and Due Diligence Process

Social investors may analyse several hundred social enterprises per year and use a multistage selection process through which only a few make it to the final rounds. Within this selection process, fund managers discuss around 50 different selection criteria. According to Heister (2010), the criteria can be grouped into the following categories: Concept Market Financials Social Impact Social Entrepreneur
Concept accounts for a large part of the discussions in the investment committees and is an important selection criterion. Investors want to understand whether the product or service provided will change the relevant sector and help the target group. Relevant questions could include aspects such as access to the target group, empowerment strategies, stakeholder support or innovation. Market discusses the competition and peers of the social enterprise as well as the characteristics of the target group. For this, fund managers want to understand the potential market size to better evaluate future growth strategies and therefore investment. Financials is highly relevant for funds that expect interest payments and/or a future repayment. Fund managers analyse the business model as well as capital requirements to understand how and how much income will be generated during the holding period. Social Impact refers to both the scalability and reach of the business model. Reach is the percentage of the market covered with the concept. Scalability refers to certain characteristics of the business model such as the necessary know-how for service provision and the dependence upon certain stakeholders, which could influence the scaling of the social enterprise. Fund managers discuss different aspects of the Social Entrepreneur. The aspects can be generally divided into five groups: strategic skills, professional skills, creativity, attitude and development potential. Important to the overall assessment of the social entrepreneur are his or her commitment to the concept, creativeness in achieving the social impact or reaching the market, and previous track record of success. A sample of questions to prepare is shown in the following box. For the exchange of confidential information a non-disclosure aggrement template can be found on page 24 in the appendix.
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Box 2 For the due diligence process, social entrepreneurs should prepare the following 20 questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Is it a new concept? Are there existing or competing offers for the target group? How is it different from other concepts and offers? Does the organization have a clear strategy to solve the social problem? How can the target group be defined and does it have an incentive to accept the offer? Does the concept focus on the strengths of the target group (e.g. special abilities of persons with autism)? Does the concept integrate the target group in the process of the service provision? Are other stakeholders integrated in the concept (e.g. parents, teachers or neighbors)? Does the concept use externals and multipliers for the service provision? Can the target group easily access the offer (low-threshold offer)? Does the concept aim to change the system? Can the concept be copied and scaled easily? What is the potential reach of the concept? Is the offer dependent on the skills, experience and contacts of the founder? What were the motives of the foundation? Is the founder resilient? Does the founder have good communication skills? Has the founder already gained entrepreneurial experience? Is the founder able to delegate duties? Is the founder creative in solving problems?
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3.5 Negotiating the Financing Terms

Once the due diligence finishes positively, the social investor and the social entrepreneur can start the negotiations of the financing terms. In some cases, the social investor provides the financing in separate tranches after the completion of certain milestones (e.g. US$ 250,000 at the start and US$ 250,000 after setting up a second location). The financing can also be tied to a business plan, and the social entrepreneur should also consider the consequences of cost overruns or failure to meet the targets of the business plan. The financing terms differ between debt capital (loan) and equity capital (ownership stake).
Equity capital
In exchange for an investment, the social investor buys participation in the equity of the social enterprise. The social entrepreneur has to negotiate the following terms: Valuation of the social enterprise Dividend payments Exit/repayment
In the case of equity investments, the valuation of the social enterprise is key and determines whether the investment is based on nominal or market values. Some social investors provide debt and equity capital at the same time.2 In those cases, the equity investment can be based on nominal values and the repayment should also be based on nominal values. Social investors and social entrepreneurs should discuss what kind of financial return they can expect. The financial return can be realized through an increase of the value of the social enterprise as well as through dividend payments. In addition, the social entrepreneur should address the issue of control and voting rights. While the investor should be able to influence decisions in the company, the social entrepreneur should maintain the necessary rights for flexible and entrepreneurial decisionmaking authority for the social enterprise. Lastly, social entrepreneurs and social investors should discuss the potential options for the investors future exit strategy and the expected time frame (see more details on page 20).
Debt capital (loan)

A loan is attractive if the social enterprise has access to stable and predictable cash flows. The financing terms include: Interest rate Repayment schedule Financial flexibility Default scenarios
The interest rate is the annual payment of the social entrepreneur to the social investor. The interest rate can range from interest-free (e.g. 0%) to market rate return (e.g. about 7% in Western Europe) and depends on the financial return expectations of the social investor.
2
The equity ownership gives the social investor control and voting rights.
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In some cases, the social entrepreneur must plan for both interest payments during the term of the loan and the loan repayment after the loan term has ended. In a popular model, the social entrepreneur starts to repay the loan (the principal) after two years. Another option is the complete refinancing at the end of the loan period. The social enterprise should also negotiate the interest payment and principal repayment schedule in case of distress to secure the necessary financial flexibility.3 Options can be a delay of the interest payments or an extension of the credit period to reduce the financial burden. However, the social entrepreneur must consider the worst-case scenario. In the case of default or bankruptcy, the loan providers rights to be repaid might take precedence over the social entrepreneurs rights. For this reason, the social entrepreneur should avoid taking on personal liabilities for the social enterprise or negotiating extensive debt to equity swaps in case of default. A debt to equity swap gives the loan provider a certain share of the equity capital (ownership) if the social enterprise defaults on its debt. Box 3 The dos and donts of negotiating the financing terms: - Avoid any personal liability - Consider the consequences in case of default - Secure the necessary entrepreneurial flexibility for the operations (voting rights only as far as necessary)
Some contracts include financial covenants which secure that the company operates within certain limits (e.g. certain limits of ratios such as Net Debt to Operating Profit or Operating Profit to Interest Costs).
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3.6 Working with Investors

After working out the details of the investment deal, the social entrepreneur would be wise to set up a working relationship with the social investor. Creating an advisory board is both a practical way to involve the social investor in the operations and to give the social investor voting and control rights (e.g. one social enterprise sends a monthly overview of the financial situation to the members of the advisory board, which convenes four times every year). The members of the advisory board usually include representatives of the social enterprise, representatives of the shareholders and independent experts, who can contribute expertise from either the social or business sector. The advisory board can strengthen the quality of the entrepreneurial decisions and the accountability of the management by asking tough questions about current practices and suggesting new policies, procedures or approaches. Social investors tend to have extensive knowledge about corporate governance, reporting, controlling and corporate finance, but have limited knowledge of the core activities of the company such as delivering the social services to the target group. For this reason, the social entrepreneur should adjust his or her expectations and use the existing skill sets and network of the social investor. As described in Box 4, a very important element is the interpersonal relationship between investee and investor. Given the many potential conflicts regarding alignment of the social mission, profit distribution and future development of the enterprise, the social entrepreneur should first be certain that he or she wants to have the social investor as a thought partner before including him or her in a key decision-making role. Box 4 Achleitner et al. (2008) conducted a study on minority investments of private equity funds in family firms. Similar to social enterprises, family firms have multiple goals. Some of the key findings were: - Family firms always install an advisory board (if not existing already) after the investment. Interestingly, the advisory board is kept in place even after the exit of the investor. - The management particularly appreciates the role of the advisory board as sparring partner. - The family firms benefit from the investors support in corporate governance, controlling, reporting and corporate finance. - A clear common understanding concerning the profit distribution is necessary to minimize the risk of conflicts of interest. - The interpersonal relationship between the investor and the family firm is the single most important selection criterion for the family firm in finding the right investor.
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3.7 Performance Measurement

Performance measurement enables the social investor to control and monitor the work of the social entrepreneur. Social entrepreneurs need to consider their impact value chain first. The main questions are shown in the following figure. Figure 4 Impact Value Chain
Illustration based on Clark et al. (2004) and Roder (2010) Inputs are resources that are put directly into the venture (e.g. assets, volunteering or money). Clark et al. (2004) describe outputs and outcomes as follows: The key notion of the Impact Value Chain is to differentiate outputs from outcomes. Outputs are results that a company, non-profit or project manager can measure or assess directly. Outputs for an after-school program, for example, could include the number of children participating in the program, the percent that drop out, and the percent that reenrol the following year. Outcomes are the ultimate changes that one is trying to make in the world. For the afterschool program, desired outcomes could include higher self-esteem for participants or higher educational achievement for participants. Commonly the organization running the program may not have the expertise or resources to evaluate whether an outcome has been achieved, but it is just as important for that organization to define the desired outcomes and figure out which internal output measures are most likely to be correlated with desired outcomes. Although the impact value chain is a clear concept, there is not yet a performance measurement method that is globally accepted and applicable. (A catalogue describing the methods to assess the social impact can be found at www.riseproject.org/DBL_Methods_Catalog.pdf.) Performance measurement methods have similar information requirements as financial analysis that assesses the valuation or the credit rating of a company. Those methods require 19
solid and comparable information. The traditional capital markets standards, such as the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) or the United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US-GAAP), guarantee that companies are reporting on a comparable basis. Standards addressing the characteristics of social enterprises have been developed. Yet, there is no globally accepted standard. Two popular standards include the Social Reporting Standard (SRS) developed in Germany (www.social-reporting-standard.de) and the Impact Reporting & Investment Standards (IRIS) developed in the United States, which is described in Box 5. From the social entrepreneurs perspective, reporting requires at first additional efforts and costs, yet generates long-term benefits. It allows the social entrepreneur to track results, improve processes and have better documentation of the successes of the social enterprise. Box 5 The Impact Reporting & Investment Standards (IRIS) was founded by Acumen Fund, B Lab and the Rockefeller Foundation to create a common framework for defining and reporting the performance of impact capital. The IRIS framework consists of six parts: - Organization description (indicators that focus on the organizations mission, operational model and location) - Product description (indicators that describe the organizations products and services and target markets) - Financial performance (commonly reported financial indicators) - Operational impact (indicators that describe the organizations policies, employees and environmental performance) - Product impact (indicators that describe the performance and reach of the organizations products and services) - Glossary (definitions for common terms that are referenced in the indicators) (taken from http://iris.thegiin.org/iris-standards)
Standards such as the Impact Reporting & Investment Standard (IRIS) are the basis for the work of institutions which analyse the impact and work of social enterprises. One example is GIIRS (Global Impact Investing Rating System) which assesses the social and environmental impact of companies and whenever possible integrates IRIS metrics in the rating process.
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3.8 Exit Consideration

In the chapter Negotiating the Financing Terms, a few aspects related to exit considerations were discussed. The exit routes for equity capital, debt capital, and grant funding are shown in the following figure. Figure 5 Exit considerations
Illustration based on Achleitner & Spiess-Knafl (in press) In the case of equity capital, there are several exit strategies. There can be a sale of the shares to a third-party investor, the social entrepreneur can buy back equity from the investor, or the parties can pursue an initial public offering on a social stock exchange or liquidate the ownership. The buy-back arrangement implies that the social entrepreneur has sufficient funds to buy back the share of the social investor. In the case of debt capital, social entrepreneurs can either repay the loan or refinance the loan. If the social entrepreneur pursues refinancing, the same or another social investor must be willing to finance the social entrepreneur for the next few years. If the social enterprise defaults on the loan (e.g. non-repayment of the loan or long-term delay on scheduled payments), there are three scenarios: Social investor institutes bankruptcy proceedings to recover part of the loan (liquidation) Social investor extends the period of the repayment schedule (financial flexibility) Social investor accepts equity in exchange for the loan (debt to equity swap)
Grant funding also presents several exit considerations. A social investor can fund 10% of the total budget or take over part of the overhead costs for a given period of time. After this time, the social enterprise either needs to secure follow-up financing or should have reached financial self-sustainability. 21
4 Appendix
4.1 Internal and External Financing
Access to capital can be classified as: Internal financing External financing
Internal financing is provided by cash flows generated through the operating activities of the social enterprise. The service is either paid by the target group, third-party beneficiaries or public authorities. External financing is either used to cover negative operating cash flows or to finance longterm investments such as buildings, equipment or infrastructure. The different financing sources and instruments are shown in the following figure. Figure 6 Classification of the financing structure
Source: Achleitner, Spiess-Knafl & Volk (2011)
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4.2 Investment Template

Name of the organization: [add the name of the organization] 1. Information about the founder [add information on the founder and the idea that led to the foundation] 2. Business model [add information on the business model, including access to the target group and description of the target group] 3. Year of foundation The organization was established in ______. The headquarters are in ______ 4. Number of employees ______ employees 5. Streams of revenues (including donations and governmental money) of the past three years 2008: US$ ______ 2009: US$ ______ 2010: US$ ______ 6. Description of markets a) Current market [add information on the current market] b) Market potential/growth opportunities [add information on the potential national/international demand and potential growth strategies] c) Competitors [add information on competitors and explain the differences in approaches]
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6. Governance structure Board of Directors/Advisory Board ______ ______, Chair, role outside of social enterprise ______ ______, role outside of social enterprise ______ ______, role outside of social enterprise ______ ______, role outside of social enterprise ______ ______, role outside of social enterprise Management ______ ______, Executive Director ______ ______, role within social enterprise ______ ______, role within social enterprise 7. Reporting system [add information on the specific reporting system being used; can include the key figures being monitored on a regular basis or information that is reported to the board of directors/advisory board] 8. Grants and awards [add information on the grants and awards that the social enterprise has received] 9. Requested amount of money US$ ___ 10. Use of capital [add information on how the capital will be used] 11. Type of investment requested (loan or equity)
______________
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4.3 Non-Disclosure Agreement Template

(Provided generously by IGNIA Partners) This confidentiality agreement (agreement) is entered into by IGNIA Partners LLC, hereafter known as IGNIA, represented in this document by , and known as , represented by in accordance with the following statements and clauses: STATEMENTS The representatives of IGNIA and in their individual capacities respectively, represent to each other that: a) The companies that each of them represents respectively, are duly established in accordance with the laws of the United States of America and of the Estados Unidos Mexicanos, respectively and each of them has the faculties required to enter into this Agreement. b) The representative of represents that the object of the company he represents consists in: . c) The representative of IGNIA represents that the object of the company he (she) represents consists in: investment management. d) The representatives of each company agree that will deliver the Confidential Information (as defined herein below) in accordance with the conditions established in this agreement. Having made the aforementioned representations, both parties agree as follows: CLAUSES 1. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION For the purposes of this Agreement, Confidential Information shall include, without limitation, all information that is written, oral, graphic or contained in written, electronic or electromagnetic media, including but not limited to technical, financial and commercial information, business proposals, business strategies organizational structures, company and corporate structures, reports, plans, market forecasts, data and any other industrial information, along with formulas, mechanisms, models, methods, techniques, analysis processes, registered or unregistered trademarks, trade names, work documents, compilations, comparisons, studies or any other document(s) prepared and conserved as confidential by the Parties or any of its subsidiaries of affiliates. 2. OBJECT The purpose of this Agreement is to maintain the confidentiality of information that has been and will continue to be shared between the Parties as may be necessary to initiate and/or maintain a successful business relationship. Except as expressly authorized in this Agreement, under no circumstances may any party disclose any portion or all of the Confidential Information provided to any party directly or indirectly by the other party or its subsidiaries or affiliates to any person(s) without the prior written consent of such party. 3. OWNERSHIP OF INFORMATION Both parties acknowledge that all the Confidential Information provided to it by the other party belongs exclusively to such party, and it is considered by each party as intellectual and industrial 25
secrets or trade secrets. Both parties agree that under no circumstances shall the Confidential Information that is subject to this Agreement belong to anyone else but to the party that provides such information. 4. CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION Notwithstanding the restriction set forth in Clause 2 above, the parties are only authorized to disclose the Confidential Information to its, and its subsidiaries and affiliates, directors, officers, employees, attorneys at law, tax advisors, and accounting advisors (collectively The Parties Employees) who have a need to know the Confidential Information in connection with the object of this agreement, as set forth in Clause 2 above. Each party shall at any time have the right to insist that said Confidential Information be destroyed or returned, whether or not the Confidential Information was delivered before or after this Agreement is signed. The parties may not make copies of the Confidential Information without the prior written consent of the other party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the parties may make copies of the Confidential Information without the prior written consent of the other party provided that such copies are for The Parties Employees and for the purpose set out in Section 2. Any Confidential Information previously delivered by any party shall receive the same treatment subsequent to the signing of this Agreement as the information covered by the terms hereof. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement, any party shall have no obligations of confidentiality with respect to any Confidential Information in the following cases: a) If it is developed or elaborated independently by or for any party free of any restrictions by other sources with the right to disclose it; b) If it is or becomes public without any party having failed to comply with this Agreement; and c) If it is received from a third party and its disclosure does not transgress or violate any confidentiality obligations. If any governmental or judicial authority should ask any party to disclose all of any portion of the Confidential Information, such party shall notify the other party immediately so that such party can take any measures it considers pertinent to prohibit or limit such disclosure. In the foregoing cases, such party shall only provide the Confidential Information that has been requested and, if the authority has not delimited the information solicited, shall do its utmost to limit the scope of the Confidential Information to be provided. 5. TERMINATION OF BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP If the parties should terminate their business relationship for any reason whatsoever, the parties shall not be exonerated from all of the obligations included in this Agreement. 6. DAMAGES AND LOSSES If any party, including its subsidiaries, affiliates, and/or the Parties Employees, should fail to fulfill any of the stipulations included in this Agreement, such party shall pay the other party damages and 26
losses as are awarded by a court of competent jurisdiction. 7. TRANSFER The rights and obligations included in this Agreement may not be assigned at any time by the parties without the prior written consent of the other party. 8. VALIDITY This Agreement shall be in force as of the date of signing and shall remain in force for a period of five (5) years, even after the business relationship has been terminated. Each partys obligations set forth in this Agreement shall survive termination of this Agreement for any reason, even if such Confidential Information is returned or destroyed. 9. NOTICES AND PLACES OF RESIDENCE Any notice or requirement with regard to this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand, registered airmail, confirmed telegram, telex or fax or by reputable air courier. For these effects the parties declare their places of residence to be the following: IGNIA Partners LLC Ave. Ricardo Margain 575, Parque Corp. Santa Engracia, 66267, Monterrey, NL .
Notices to the Advisor must be sent to the attention of its Legal Representattive. If either of the parties should change its place of residence, it is obliged to inform the other party in writing promptly. 10. COMPLETE AGREEMENT The parties agree that the present Agreement contains the complete agreement between the parties with regard to the object established in Section 2 and cancels all prior agreements, negotiations, contracts and writings regarding the matters included in this agreement between the parties. 11. LANGUAGE This Agreement will be signed in a Spanish and English version, the Spanish version shall prevail in case of any controversy between the parties. 12. JURISDICTION For the interpretation and fulfillment of this agreement, the parties submit themselves expressly to the appropriate laws and tribunals of Mexico, Federal District and renounce any other jurisdiction that could be applicable due to present or future places of residence. Both parties having read and been informed of each and every one of the clauses and contents and legal scope of this Agreement, sign their conformity recognizing the signatures below as being those used for all legal documents in Mexico City, Federal District on November 16, 2007. IGNIA Partners LLC, ______________________________ __________________________ WITNESSES _____________________________ ____________________________ 27
4.4 Social Investors with General Investment Focus

Social Investor with Short Mission Statement Main Financing Instruments
Debt capital Equity capital Guarantees Lab Investments (experimental investments)
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
Acumen Fund 76 Ninth Avenue, Suite 315 New York, NY 10011 USA +1 212 566 8821 mtada@acumenfund.org www.acumenfund.org Adobe Capital Corina 59, Colonia del Carmen Mexico City CP 04100 Mexico +52 55 5604 5555 contact@adobecapital.org www.adobecapital.org AlphaMundi Group Augustinergasse 21 CH-8001 Zurich +41 44 5080 556 info@alphamundi.ch www.alphamundi.ch
Acumen Fund is a non-profit global venture fund that uses entrepreneurial approaches to solve the problems of global poverty. Small amounts of philanthropic capital, combined with large doses of business acumen, can build thriving enterprises that serve vast numbers of the poor.
East Africa India Pakistan
Water Health Agriculture Energy Housing
Adobe Capital is an impact investment fund focused on supporting the early growth of social and environmental small and growing businesses with a specific emphasis on companies operating in underprivileged base-of-the-pyramid communities.
- Debt capital - Equity capital
Mexico
Agribusiness Base of the pyramid Water Recycling Clean tech and energy Ecotourism
AlphaMundi is a Swiss commercial enterprise with a social mission. Its mission is to help achieve significant and self-sustaining poverty reduction and environmental preservation in developing countries.
Latin America
Microfinance Sustainable agriculture Renewable energy Rural development Education
28
Social Investor with Short Mission Statement
Main Financing Instruments
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
Artha Initiative Leconfield House, Curzon Street, Third Floor London W1J 5JA United Kingdom +44 20 7016 4300 anna.mustoe@ riantacapital.com www.arthaplatform.com Auridis Grnstrasse 18 41460 Neuss Germany +49 2131 1511842
The Artha program strives to support highimpact, sustainable enterprises that are validating the market niche for providing goods and services to the bottom of the pyramid in India, with an emphasis on agriculture, energy and livelihoods.
- Equity capital - Convertible grant
India
Agriculture Cleantech Livelihoods Water
Auridis invests globally in endeavours, which sustainably improve the life opportunities for socially disadvantaged children.
- Grants - Debt capital - Interest-free loans
German-speaking countries
- Support of young children from sociallydisadvantaged families
info@auridis.de
- Children, young people and the elderly - Employment and education - Marginalized groups - Ecology BonVenture Pettenkoferstrasse 37 D-80336 Mnchen Germany +49 89 2 00 01 2530 info@bonventure.de www.bonventure.de
BonVenture funds companies and organizations with a social purpose in German-speaking countries. The foundation seeks projects that are innovative with a strong social impact, are led by motivated and committed social entrepreneurs, and will be financially self-sustaining in the long term.
Equity capital Mezzanine capital Debt capital Grants
29
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
Bridges Ventures is a sustainable growth investor whose commercial expertise is used to deliver both financial returns and social and environmental benefits. We believe that market forces and entrepreneurship can be harnessed to do well by doing good. We currently have three types of funds under management.
- Equity capital - Equity-like capital
United Kingdom
- Sustainable sectors & regeneration (Venture Funds) - Entrepreneurial property (Sustainable Property Fund) - No sector focus (Social Entrepreneurs Fund)
Bridges Ventures Ltd 1 Craven Hill London W2 3EN +44 020 7262 5566 info@bridgesventures.com www.bridgesventures.com
The Childrens Investment Fund Foundation aims to demonstrably improve the lives of children living in poverty in developing countries through large-scale and sustainable impact.
- Grants
Africa Asia Mid-Americas
- Children living in poverty in developing countries - specifically HIV/AIDS, education, water, sanitation, emergency, hygiene and humanitarian aid
The Childrens Investment Fund Foundation 7 Clifford Street London W1S 2WE United Kingdom +44 207 440 2357 info@ciff.org www.ciff.org Charities Aid Foundation 7th Floor, St Andrews House, 18-20 St Andrew Street London EC4A 3AY United Kingdom +44 3000 123 300 venturesome@cafonline.org www.venturesome.org
CAF Venturesome is a social investment fund that provides investment to help charities and social enterprises deliver on their mission.
- Debt capital - Equity-like capital
United Kingdom
- No sector focus
30
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
Calvert Foundations mission is to maximize the flow of capital to disadvantaged communities to create a more equitable and sustainable society. By creating innovative financial products and services, the foundation has made it possible for everyday people, not just institutions, to participate in financial instruments that directly serve communities.
- Debt capital
Worldwide
- Affordable housing - Community development financial institutions/small business - Environment - Fair trade - Microfinance
Calvert Foundation 7315 Wisconsin Avenue Suite 1100W Bethesda, MD 20814 +1 800 248 0337
info@calvertfoundation.org
www.calvertfoundation.org
Convivatus Social Capital provides successful social entrepreneurs the strategic and financial basis for sustainable growth. In this way, Convivatus wants to be a catalyst for positive social change.
- Debt capital - Mezzanine capital - Equity capital
- Compatibility of family and work - Young people - Services for the elderly
Convivatus Social Capital Schnabelweg 60 8832 Wilen Switzerland + 41 44 380 1650 frank.hinrichs@convivatus.com www.convivatus.com
Core Innovation Capital invests in the most innovative companies serving underbanked consumers. CIC focuses on early growth-stage forprofit companies whose management shares its vision that technology-driven solutions focused on delivering the highest value to underbanked people can create great businesses and strengthen the Amercian middle class.
- Equity capital
USA
- Financial technology companies providing consumer finance products
Core Innovation Capital 611 Broadway New York, NY 10012 USA +1 212 780 0193 info@corevc.com www.corevc.com
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Debt capital Convertible loans Mezzanine finance Equity capital Convertible grants
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
d.o.b Foundation IJsseldijk 1 8194 LA Veessen The Netherlands +31 578631111 info@dobfoundation.nl www.dobfoundation.nl E+Co U.S. 383 Franklin Street Bloomfield, NJ, 07003 USA +1.973.680.9100
d.o.b foundation invests in and supports social entrepreneurs who identify commercial opportunities in social issues. The foundation strives for a structural improvement of the wellbeing of people who are marginalized or living in poverty.
The Netherlands Africa
- No focus
E+Co makes clean energy investments in developing countries. With 15 years of experience and offices in eight locations, E+Cos innovative business model provides lasting solutions to climate change and poverty.
Africa Asia Latin America
- Clean energy
EandCo.USA@EandCo.net
eandco.net
Beyond Capital Funds goal is to be the partner of choice for both social entrepreneurs and social philanthropists in sourcing, supporting and scaling innovative ideas that directly and positively impact the lives of the worlds most impoverished people.
- Debt capital - Equity capital - Convertible debt
Africa Asia
- Bottom of the pyramid
Beyond Capital Fund info@beyondcapitalfund.org
32
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
ennovent promotes for-profit innovations for sustainability at the base of the economic pyramid. We assist entrepreneurs, investors and experts to discover, finance and scale up the best solutions in energy, water, food, health and education. Our services help spot the best innovations globally, invest financial resources and provide support to maximize social, economic and environmental impact.
- Equity capital - Debt capital - Hybrid capital
India
Energy Food Water Education Health
ennovent Am Burgfried 14 4910 Ried im Innkreis Austria +43 699 1913 7770 office@ennovent.com www.ennovent.com
Equitas Ventures aims to become an innovative alternative for the financing and promotion of profitable companies with a clear positive social and/or environmental impact, working together with investors helping Argentina and South America embrace the path to sustainability and equitability.
- Equity capital - Debt capital
Argentina Uruguay
Bottom of the pyramid Fair trade Housing Health
Equitas Ventures contacto@equitasventures.com www.equitasventures.com
Ferd Social Entrepreneurs supports social entrepreneurs who work to help ensure that children and young people can realize their goals and recognize that they have opportunities.
Grants Guarantees Convertible loan Equity capital Convertible grants
Norway
- Children and young people
Ferd Social Entrepreneurs P.O. Box 34 1324 Lysaker Norway +47 67 10 80 50/+47 957 21 740 kgl@ferd.no www.ferd.com
33
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
Fondation Demeter 44, rue Vaneau 75007 Paris France +33 14548 8856 contact@ fondationdemeter.com Fondazione Oliver Twist Onlus Via Bigli, 21 20121 Milan Italy +39 277718726 info@fondazioneolivertwist.org www.fondazioneolivertwist.org Good Capital c/o Hub SOMA 901 Mission Street, Suite 105 San Francisco, CA 94103 +1 415 706 4714
Fondation Demeter helps charities improve their operating processes and governance principles to make the best use of their resources and move towards self-sufficiency.
- Interest-free loans - Grants
Worldwide
- Children and young people - Microfinance
Fondazione Oliver Twist Onlus operates in the social field by setting up and supporting projects designed to help minors in difficult circumstances.
- Grants
Italy
Good Capital is an investment firm that increases the flow of capital to innovative ventures creating market-based solutions to inequality and poverty. Using a high engagement model, we invest in the most promising social enterprises and give them the tools and guidance they need to succeed.
- Equity capital - Equity-like capital
United States (Business headquarters should be in the United States)
- Reduction of inequality
portfolio@goodcap.net
www.goodcap.net
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Geographical Focus
Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana) Asia (India, Cambodia, Indonesia) Latin America (Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Peru)
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
The Grassroots Business Fund strives to create a world where economic opportunity reaches everyone. GBF builds and supports high-impact businesses that provide sustainable economic opportunities to millions of people at the base of the economic pyramid.
Equity capital Debt capital Convertible loans Royalty-based loans - Guarantees
Agribusiness BoP Services Innovations in finance Artisanal
Grassroots Business Fund 1601 Connecticut Avenue NW Suite 501 Washington, DC 20009 USA +1 202 518 6865 www.gbfund.org
- Microfinance - Information and Gray Ghost Ventures is an impact investment firm dedicated to providing market-based capital solutions to entrepreneurs who are addressing the needs of low-income communities in emerging markets. - Equity capital - Debt capital
India South Asia Worldwide (Microfinance)
Communications Technology (new application of proven technologies) - Affordable private schools
Gray Ghost Ventures 2200 Century Parkway, Suite 100 Atlanta, GA 30345 +1 678 365 4700
info@grayghostventures.com
www.grayghostventures.com IGNIA Partners Av. Ricardo Margain 575 Parque Corp. Santa Engracia San Pedro Garza Garca, N.L. Mxico 66267 +52 81 8000 7165 info@ignia.com.mx www.ignia.com.mx
IGNIA is a Mexian venture capital investment firm that supports the founding and expansion of high-growth social enterprises that serve the base of the socio-economic pyramid.
Latin America
- Base of the pyramid
35
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
Impetus Trust invests in ambitious charities and social enterprises that fight economic disadvantage. Impetus achieves this through its highly effective model of venture philanthropy that has three key components: unrestricted strategic funding; very hands-on support from the Impetus investment team and specialist support for capacity building.
- Grants
United Kingdom
- Poverty reduction
Impetus Trust 20 Flaxman Terrace London WC1H 9PN United Kingdom +44 203 3843940 info@impetus.org.uk www.impetus.org.uk Inspiring Scotland Riverside House 502 Gorgie Road Edinburgh EH11 3AF United Kingdom +44 131 442 8760 enquiries@ inspiringscotland.org.uk www.inspiringscotland.org.uk LGT Venture Philanthropy Stdtle 28 9490 Vaduz Principality of Liechtenstein +41 44250 8281 lgt.vp@lgt.com www.lgt.com
Inspiring Scotland aims to change peoples lives for the better through significant long-term funding and development support for Scotlands charities. It seeks to create sustained change and to achieve long-lasting impact for Scotlands most vulnerable people and communities through partnership and collaboration and by tackling tough social issues.
- Grant
Scotland
- Children - Youth
The objective of LGT Venture Philanthropy is to raise the sustainable quality of life of less advantaged people, especially those in the developing world.
- Grants - Debt capital - Equity capital
Africa China India South-East Asia Latin America
- Relief of human suffering - Education - Creation of sustainable livelihoods
36
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
New Profit Inc. 2 Canal Park Cambridge, MA 02141 USA +1 617 252 3220 info@newprofit.com www.newprofit.com noaber Foundation Dorpsstraat 14, PO BO 20 6740 AA Lunteren The Netherlands + 31 31859 6400 poostlander@noaber.com www.noaber.com
New Profit exists to help innovative social entrepreneurs and their organizations dramatically improve opportunities for children, families and communities.
- Grants
USA
- Education - Workforce development - Public health
The noaber Foundation aims to initiate and support the acceleration of innovations in the civil society where noabership (neighbourship) is key. These innovations are related to health and care, education and community building. To reach its aims, the foundation act as an entrepreneurial philanthropist. The Oasis Fund (advised by Bamboo Finance) invests in commercially viable companies that deliver essential goods and services, which directly benefit low income communities by providing access to affordable housing, healthcare, education, energy, livelihood opportunities, water, sanitation and the like.
- Debt capital - Equity capital - Grants
Europe Africa Asia North America
- Culture and recreation - Education and research - Health
Africa Asia Central America
Affordable housing Healthcare Education Energy Livelihood opportunities - Water - Sanitation
Bamboo Finance 32 rue de Malatrex 1201 Geneva Switzerland +41 22 596 4750 info@bamboofinance.com www.bamboofinance.com
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Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus

- Poverty and disadvantage - Mental health - Integration of minorities - Development and housing - Environment - Health - Cleantech - Microfinance - Employment
Contact Details
The One Foundation 35 Barrow Street Dublin 4 Ireland +353 1 8088800 info@onefoundation.ie www.onefoundation.ie PhiTrust Active Investors 41 rue BoissydAnglas 75008 Paris France +33 15535 0755 martina.vonrichter@phitrust.com www.phitrustpartenaires.com Private Equity Foundation 2 Bath Place, Rivington Street London EC2A 3DB United Kingdom +44 845 838 7330 info@privateequityfoundation.org www.privateequityfoundation.org
The One Foundation aims to improve the life chances of disadvantaged children and young people. The One Foundation is a private philanthropic fund that will spend down its capital over 10 years (2004-2013).
- Grants
Ireland Asia
PhiTrust is dedicated to funding and mentoring - Equity capital companies in the fields of social business through - Debt capital its foundation and social investment funds. Phitrust focuses its investments both at a European level and a worldwide level.
Worldwide
The Private Equity Foundations core mission is to reduce the number of young people not in education, employment or training (NEET) so they can reach their full potential. It recognizes that young people face a journey from birthplace to workplace, with numerous obstacles preventing them from reaching their full potential.
- Grants
Europe
38
Geographical Focus
-
Main Sector Focus

Organic nutrition Inequality Social housing Biodiversity Responsible consumer goods Smart water use Education Clean energy supply Healthcare access
Contact Details
Quadia is a wealth manager specialized in impact investing. It combines the tradition of private banking, the sophistication of venture capitalists and the on-the-ground expertise of development organizations to achieve competitive financial returns and a measurable impact of the investments.
Europe India Latin America Africa
Quadia 34 Rue de Candolle 1204 Geneva Switzerland +41 22 888 12 00 contact@quadia.ch www.quadia.ch
REDF is a San Francisco-based venture philanthropy organization that invests in nonprofit-run businesses. It gives funding and business assistance to a carefully selected portfolio of social enterprises that employ young people disconnected from school and work, and adults who are overcoming barriers to employment.
- Equity capital - Grants
California, USA
- Children, youth - Education and research - Employment
REDF 631 Howard Street, Suite 320 San Francisco, CA 94105 USA +1 415 561-6677 www.redf.org
responsAbility provides commercial finance to organizations and initiatives that give people at the base of the pyramid access to services, markets, products and information. ResponsAbility is constantly on the lookout for entrepreneurial, innovative business models in developing countries and emerging markets.
Worldwide
- Microfinance institutions - Fair trade producers - Small and mediumsized enterprises in developing countries
responsAbility Social Investments Josefstrasse 59 8005 Zurich Switzerland +41 44250 9930 info@responsAbility.com www.responsability.com
39
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
Robin Hood Foundation 826 Broadway, 9th Floor New York, NY 10003 USA +1 212 227-6601 info@robinhood.org www.robinhood.org Root Capital 955 Massachusetts Ave. 5th floor Cambridge, MA 02139 USA +1 617 661 5792 finance@rootcapital.org www.rootcapital.org
Robin Hood targets poverty in New York City by finding and funding the best and most effective programmes and partnering with them to maximize results.
- Grants
New York City, USA
Children, youth Education and research Poverty Health
Root Capital is a non-profit social investment fund that is pioneering finance for grassroot businesses in rural areas of developing countries. It provides capital, delivers financial training and strengthens market connections for businesses that build sustainable livelihoods and transform rural communities in poor, environmentally vulnerable places.
- Debt capital
Latin America Africa
- No focus
sitawi is a social fund that increases the impact of organizations and companies committed to social and environmental causes. It does this by aggregating donations and providing low interest rate loans and advice to organizations and companies, introducing a new form of social financing in Brazil.
- Debt capital
Brazil
Health Civil rights Environment Social sector development - Education - Arts and culture - Employment
sitawi R. Maria Quitria, 121/402 Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro 22410-040 Brazil +55 21 2247 1136 contact@sitawi.net www.sitawi.net
40
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
Social Investors Club is a social investment company established in Hong Kong in 2010. Formed by socially-minded investors with diverse business, finance, social service and academia backgrounds, SIC invests in social enterprises driven by clearly defined missions for creating positive social or environmental impact.
- Debt capital - Equity capital - Mezzanine capital
Hong Kong
- No focus
Social Investors Club 29/F, 8 Wyndham Street Central, Hong Kong +852 21568876 info@socialinvestorsclub.com www.socialinvestorsclub.com
Solar for All is a global initiative that takes a big step ahead in making solar energy affordable to the 1.6 billion people without access to electricity. More than single social entrepreneurs have to be supported to accomplish a systemic change; therefore, the general approach comprises the entire solar PV value chain and related financial services.
Latin America Africa Asia
- Solar industry
Canopus Foundation Grnwlderstr. 10-14 79098 Freiburg Germany +49 761 2020 172 contact@sfa-pv.org www.sfa-pv.org
The Social Venture Fund invests in social businesses that have innovative and entrepreneurial-driven solutions for urgent social and environmental challenges. The Fund provides support when it is not possible to acquire traditional sources of capital.
- Debt capital - Equity capital - Mezzanine capital
Europe
- No focus
Social Venture Fund Sendlingerstr. 7 80331 Munich Germany +49 6960 9184-15 info@socialventurefund.com www.socialventurefund.com
41
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
The Tony Elumelu Foundation 1, MacGregor Road Ikoyi Lagos, Nigeria
The Tony Elumelu Foundation is an independent, not-for-profit institution dedicated to the promotion and celebration of excellence in business leadership and entrepreneurship across Africa. It identifies and grooms African business leaders and entrepreneurs to achieve the central objective of meaningfully affecting Africas prosperity. Village Capital improves entrepreneurial success with social ventures and accelerates the impact investing space by building peer support organizations for entrepreneurs in cities throughout the world. Inspired by early microfinance lending groups, where entrepreneurs select loan recipients from their own group, VilCap crowd-sources the most investable companies for investor partners.
- Debt capital - Equity capital - Grants
Africa
- Agriculture - Financial services - Emerging technologies
info@tonyelumelufoundation. org
www.tonyelumelufoundation. org
- Equity capital - Debt capital - Grants
Worldwide
- No sector focus
Village Capital www.vilcap.com
WillowTree operates as an impact investment firm. WillowTree Funds invest in for-profit companies that are committed to generating positive, sustainable and demonstrable social and environmental impact while complying with a commercial imperative.
- Equity capital
Middle East Africa South Asia
Education Health Food and nutrition Community development - Environment - Poverty alleviation
Willow Tree 2504 The Fairmont Sheikh Zayed Road P.O.BOX 192007 Dubai, United Arab Emirates +971 4 358 7450 info@willowimpact.com www.willowimpact.com
Table 2: List of social investors Source: EVPA, Websites 42
4.5 Social Investors with Focus on Microfinance

Social Investor with Short Mission Statement Main Financing Instruments Geographical Focus Main Sector Focus Contact Details
Alitheia Capital 2nd floor (UBA Building) 22b, Idowu Taylor Street, Victoria Island, Lagos Nigeria +234 1 4627 7367 www.thealitheia.com AlphaMundi Group Augustinergasse 21 CH-8001 Zurich +41 44 5080 556 info@alphamundi.ch www.alphamundi.ch
Alitheia Capital is an impact investment firm focused on enabling access to finance, housing and energy for low income households, and small and growing businesses.
West Africa
- Microfinance - Housing - Energy
AlphaMundi is a Swiss commercial enterprise with a social mission. Its mission is to help achieve significant and self-sustaining poverty reduction and environmental preservation in developing countries.
Latin America
Microfinance Sustainable agriculture Renewable energy Rural development Education
The ASN-Novib Fund aims to promote a broad participation of all groups in the market economy of developing countries. To achieve this, the fund makes capital available to financial institutions providing credit to clients with economic opportunities but limited access to financial services.
- Guarantees - Debt capital - Equity capital
Africa Asia Latin America Former Soviet Union Eastern Europe
- Microfinance institutions
ASN Bank Alexanderstraat 28 2514 JM Den Haag The Netherlands +31 70 356 933 www.asnbank.nl
43
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
Calvert Foundations mission is to maximize the flow of capital to disadvantaged communities to create a more equitable and sustainable society. By creating innovative financial products and services, the foundation has made it possible for everyday people, not just institutions, to participate in financial instruments that directly serve communities.
- Debt capital
Worldwide
- Affordable housing - Community development financial institutions / small business - Environment - Fair trade - Microfinance
Calvert Foundation 7315 Wisconsin Avenue Suite 1100W Bethesda, MD 20814 +1 800 248 0337 info@calvertfoundation.org www.calvertfoundation.org
The Dexia Microcredit Fund is the first commercial investment fund designed to finance microfinance institutions specialized in financial services to small companies in emerging markets (co-managed by BlueOrchard Finance).
- Debt capital
Africa Asia Central and Eastern Europe Latin America
Dexia Microcredit Fund 32 Rue Malatrex 1201Geneva Switzerland +41 22 596 4777 info@blueorchard.com www.blueorchard.com Dual Return Fund Absolute Portfolio Management Wallnerstrae 3/17 1010 Vienna Austria +43 1 533 59 76 info@visionmicrofinance.com www.visionmicrofinance.com
The Dual Return Fund has a double bottom line strategy. The fund maximizes both the risk-return profile to benefit the investor and the social outreachin breadth and depth to micro, small and medium enterprises in emerging and least developed economies.
- Debt capital
Worldwide
44
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
The European Fund for Southeast Europe aims to foster economic development and prosperity - Debt capital through the sustainable provision of additional - Equity capital development finance. The fund offers long-term funding instruments to qualified partner lending institutions to better serve the financing needs of micro and small enterprises and low-income private households.
Southeast Europe
European Fund for Southeast Europe Eschersheimer Landstr. 6 60322 Frankfurt am Main Germany +49 69 9778765026 s.djikic@finance-in-motion.com www.efse.lu
Fondation Demeter helps charities improve their operating processes and governance principles to make the best use of their resources and to move towards self-sufficiency.
- Interest-free loans - Grants
Worldwide
- Children and young people - Microfinance
Fondation Demeter 44, rue Vaneau 75007 Paris France +33 14548 8856 pascal@ceresfinance.com
- Microfinance - Information and
Gray Ghost Ventures is an impact investment - Equity capital - Debt capital firm dedicated to providing market-based capital solutions to entrepreneurs who are addressing the needs of low-income communities in emerging markets.
India South Asia Worldwide (Microfinance)
communications technology (new application of proven technologies) - Affordable private schools
Gray Ghost Ventures 2200 Century Parkway, Suite 100 Atlanta, GA 30345 +1 678 365 4700 info@grayghostventures.com
45
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
MicroVest was created as a capital-mobilizing intermediary for microfinance institutions. We are - Debt capital organized along commercial lines with a strong - Equity capital private sector board. Our objectives are to provide capital to low-income finance institutions, including microfinance institutions and to help build capital markets serving individuals at the base of the economic pyramid.
Worldwide
MicroVest 7514 Wisconsin Avenue Suite 400 Bethesda, MD 20814 USA +1 301 664 6680
info@microvestfund.com
www.microvestfund.com
Oikocredit, as a worldwide cooperative society, promotes global justice by challenging people, churches and others to share their resources through socially responsible investments and by empowering disadvantaged people with credit.
- Debt capital
Africa Asia Europe Latin America
Oikocredit P.O. Box 2136 3800 CC Amersfoort Netherlands +31 33422 4040 info@oikocredit.org www.oikocredit.org
The Omidyar-Tufts Microfinance Fund was launched in 2005 through a unique partnership between Pierre and Pam Omidyar and Tufts University. The Omidyars gave the university US$ 100 million to create a fund that would be invested entirely in international microfinance initiatives.
Worldwide
Omidyar-Tufts Microfinance Fund microfinance@tufts.edu www.tufts.edu/microfinancefund
46
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
responsAbility provides commercial finance to organizations that give people at the base of the pyramid access to services, markets, products and information. responsAbility is constantly searching for entrepreneurial, innovative business models in developing countries and emerging markets, investing in these ideas directly or indirectly.
Worldwide
- Microfinance institutions - Fair trade producers - Small and mediumsized enterprises in developing countries
responsAbilitySocial Investments Josefstrasse 59 8005 Zurich Switzerland +41 44250 9930 info@responsAbility.com www.responsability.com
The SNS Institutional Microfinance Fund aims at providing resources for small, self-employed operators in a large number of developing countries against rates that are in accordance with the market. The fund does not grant loans to individual businesses but lends money to or invests in the share capital of microfinance institutions.
Africa Eastern Europe Latin America South-East Asia
SNS Institutional Microfinance Fund Pettelaarpark 120 5216 PT s-Hertogenbosch The Netherlands +31 73683 3355 www.snsam.nl
Table 3: List of social investors Source: Websites
47
4.6 Value Banks

Bank, including Short Mission Statement Geographical Focus Main Lending Focus Contact Details
Alternative Bank Schweiz Amthausquai 21 4601 Olten Switzerland +41 62 206 16 16 contact@abs.ch www.bas.ch
The Alternative Bank Schweiz emphasizes ethical principles instead of maximum profits. As the leading provider of ethical banking services and a pioneer in the implementation of social and environmental standards, ABS gives encouragement to the Swiss banking and financial markets.
Switzerland
- Social or ecological housing - Organic agriculture - Renewable energy
Banca Popolare Etica was created in 1999 by a big coalition of the major Italian social organizations who wanted to create a place where savers, driven by the common desire of a more transparent and responsible management of financial resources, may meet socioeconomic initiatives, inspired by the values of a sustainable social and human development.
Italy
- Organizations operating within the third-sector that carry out civil society oriented economic projects
BancaPopolareEtica Via NiccolTommaseo 7 35131 Padova Italy +39 498771111 www.bancaetica.it
Bolivia Banco Sol is a bank that offers opportunities to the lowest-income sectors for a better future, providing them with high-quality, integrated financial services.
- Entrepreneurs with a small capital base but with dynamic adjustment capabilities
BancoSol CalleNicols Acosta No. 289 P.O. Box: 13176 La Paz - Bolivia +5912 2484242 info@bancosol.com.bo www.bancosol.com.bo
48
Bank, including Short Mission Statement
Geographical Focus
Main Lending Focus
Contact Details BRAC Bank 1 Gulshan Avenue Gulshan-1 Dhaka 1212 Bangladesh +880 2885 2233 enquiry@bracbank.com www.bracbank.com Charity Bank 194 High StreetTonbridge Kent TN9 1BE United Kingdom +44 1732 774040 enquiries@charitybank.org www.charitybank.org
Brac Bank aims to build a profitable and socially responsible financial institution focused on market and business with growth potential, thereby assisting BRAC and stakeholders build a just, enlightened, healthy, democratic and poverty free Bangladesh.
Bangladesh
- Microfinance (in a related programme) - SME, retail and corporate
Charity Bank finances social enterprises, charities and community organizations, with the support of depositors and investors who want to use their money to facilitate real social change.
United Kingdom
- No focus
Compartamos Banco is a bank that generates social, economic and human value. It is committed to people, and generates opportunities for development within lowincome segments of the population. These opportunities are based on innovative and efficient, large-scale business models and on transcendental values that generate an internal and external culture while building lasting relationships and trust, therefore contributing to a better world.
Compartamos Banco +52 1 800 220-9000 Mexico - No focus
servicioalcliente@ compartamos.com
www.compartamos.com
49
Geographical Focus
Main Lending Focus
Contact Details Cultura Bank Holbergsplass 4 i Oslo 0130 Norway +47 2299 5199 cultura@cultura.no www.cultura.no
Cultura Banks main task is to finance projects that benefit society and contribute to a better natural environment. The bank emphasizes building alliances between depositors and lenders and, to underpin this, it practises transparency as a carrying principle.
Norway
Education (private schools) Agriculture Healthcare Housing Microfinance
For GLS Bank, conducting a professional, sustainable banking business means the incorporation of social, ecological and economic criteria. The money of our customers is invested exclusively in companies and projects whose performance under the above-mentioned criteria is outstanding.
Germany
Agriculture Development aid Education Healthcare Social welfare
GLS Bank Christstr. 9 44789 Bochum Germany +49-234-5797-0 www.gls.de
Merkur Cooperative Bank is founded on the idea of conscious handling of money, and on criteria that include environmental, social and ethical aspects in addition to financial considerations. Merkur pursues a situation where the individual, based on personal insight, meets the needs of others in a dignified way.
Denmark
- Environmental, social and cultural sectors
Merkur Cooperative Bank Vesterbrogade 40, 1. 1620 Copenhagen V Denmark +45 7027 2706 kbh@merkur.dk www.merkur.dk
50
Geographical Focus
Main Lending Focus
Contact Details Mibanco Banco de la Microempresa Av. Domingo Orue 165 Surquillo Peru +51 319 9999 www.mibanco.com.pe New Resource Bank 405 Howard Street, Suite 110 San Francisco, CA 94105 USA +1 415 995 8100 ggroff@newresourcebank.com www.newresourcebank.com
Mibanco is committed to offering their communities opportunities for progress and access to the financial system.
Peru
- No focus
new resource banks mission is to advance sustainability with everything it does the loans it makes, the way it operates, and its commitment to putting deposits to work for good. To the bank, banking is not just a service it is a way to create a better world.
USA
- No focus
OneCalifornia Bank will improve economic opportunity for low to moderate income communities throughout California. It will partner with respected community institutions to provide banking services to small and medium-sized businesses, non-profit organizations, community facilities, affordable-housing developers, individuals and families.
USA
- Housing - Green industries
OneCalifornia Bank 1438 Webster Street, Suite 100 Oakland, CA 94612-3206 USA +1 51055 08400 mybank@OneCalBank.com www.OneCalBank.com
51
Geographical Focus
Main Lending Focus - Nature and the environment sectors (organic agriculture, wholesale, health food stores and renewable energy ) - Social business - Culture and society - North-South projects (fair trade, microfinance)
Contact Details
Triodos Bank finances companies, institutions and projects that add cultural value and benefit people and the environment, with the support of depositors and investors who want to encourage corporate social responsibility and a sustainable society. Triodos Banks mission is to help create a society that promotes peoples quality of life and has human dignity at its core.
Africa Asia Europe South America
Triodos Bank Nieuweroordweg 1 3704 EC Zeist The Netherlands +31 30 693 65 00 www.triodos.com
Vancity aims to be a democratic, ethical, and innovative Canada provider of financial services to its members. Through strong financial performance, it serves as a catalyst for the self-reliance and economic well-being of its membership and community.
- No focus
Vancity PO Box 2120 Station Terminal Vancouver, BC V6B 5R8 Canada +1 604 877 7000 www.vancity.com XacBank Prime Minister Amars Street Sukhbaatar district P.O.Box-46/721 Ulaanbaatar 14200 Mongolia +97611 318185 www.xacbank.mn
Xac Bank aims to contribute to the sustainable development of Mongolia that can come only from educated and skilled people and competitive and dynamic businesses concerned equally about the planet, people, and profit.
Mongolia
- Education - Environment
Table 4: Value Banks Source: Websites, Global Alliance for Banking on Values 52
4.7 Social Investment Advisory

Social Investment Advisory with Short Mission Statement Geographical Focus Main Sector Focus Contact Details Avant Gardist Johannesgasse 18 1010 Vienna Austria +43 1229 7139 office@avant-gardist.com www.avant-gardist.com
avant-gardist identifies, designs and implements social projects that help foundations, corporations, banks and non-profits increase their social impact. It assists clients distinctive and sustainable values across the globe. It leverages clients expertise and and insights to benefit society and sharpen their competitive advantage.
Global
- No Sector focus
Bamboo Finances mission is to create value for its investors, its partners and the field of social entrepreneurship. It achieves this by promoting appropriate finance for the growth of enterprises that are having a direct, positive impact on society.
Global
- Services for low income communities by providing access to affordable housing, healthcare, education, energy, livelihood opportunities, water, sanitation and the like
Bamboo Finance S..r.l. 32 rue de Malatrex 1201 Geneva Switzerland +41 22 596 4750 info@bamboofinance.com www.bamboofinance.com Light Years IP 1700 N Moore St. Suite 1610 Arlington, VA 22209 USA +1 703 600 8324 info@lightyearsip.net www.lightyearsip.net
Light Years IP is a non-profit organization dedicated to alleviating poverty by assisting developing country producers gain ownership of their intellectual property and to use the IP to increase their export income and improve the security of that income.
Developing countries
- IP tools (patents, trademarks and licenses) to secure more sustained and higher export income
53
Social Investment Advisory with Short Mission Statement
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
Many charities and social enterprises face serious financial challenges that stop them from carrying out their work effectively. Social Finance believes that, if social problems are to be tackled successfully, organizations seeking to solve them need sustainable revenues and investment to innovate and grow. Social Finances role is to devise the financial structures and raise the capital to enable this to happen.
United Kingdom
- No Sector focus
Social Finance Ltd 131-151 Great Titchfield Street London. W1W 5BB United Kingdom +44 207 667 6370 info@socialfinance.org.uk www.socialfinance.org.uk
Total Impact Advisors mission is to advise both entrepreneurs and those seeking to maximize the social impact of their capital. With their deep roots in banking, development, innovation, public policy and private investment, Total Impact Advisors believe they have a team that can find the nexus where social purpose meets financial promise. Table 5: Social Investment Advisory
Global
- No Sector focus
Total Impact Advisors mbrownrigg@ totalimpactadvisors.com www.totalimpactadvisors.com
Source: Websites
54
4.8 Funding Consultancies

Funding Consultancy with Short Mission Statement Geographical Focus Main Consulting Focus Contact Details New Philanthropy Capital 185 Park Street 3rd Floor London SE1 9BL United Kingdom +44 20 7620 4850 info@philanthropycapital.org www.philanthropycapital.org Phineo Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strae 2 10178 Berlin Germany +49 30 520065400 info@phineo.org www.phineo.org
New Philanthropy Capital (NPC) is a consultancy and think tank dedicated to helping funders and charities achieve greater impact. NPCs mission is to put effectiveness at the heart of how charities work and how funders give, so that more lives can be changed for the better.
- Worldwide
- No Focus
PHINEOs mission is to strengthen the non-profit sector and civil society. Using its unique, multistage analysis process, it builds bridges between social investors and non-profit organizations. Table 6: Funding Consultancies
Germany
- No Focus
Source: Websites
55
4.9 Social Stock Exchanges

Social Stock Exchange with Short Mission Statement Trading Centre Focus Contact Details Impact Investment Exchange (Asia) 93A Amoy Street Singapore 069913 +65 6221 7051 info@asiaiix.com www.asiaiix.com NExT SSE c/o KonvergentaInterZero GmbH Rungestr. 19 10179 Berlin Germany +49 30 6098810 10 info@nextsse.com www.nextsse.com NeXii Global Investment Solutions Postnet Suite 553 Private Bag X16 Constantia 7848 Cape Town South Africa +27 21 794-0451 Tamzin@NeXii.com www.nexii.com
Impact Investment Exchange Asia aims to provide social enterprises in Asia with greater access to capital, allowing them to more rapidly expand the impact of their activities.
Singapore
- No trading yet
NExt SSE is a project committed to bringing capital to social ventures organizations with a social, ethical or ecological focus and a sound business model. In the months to come, legal requirements for establishing a real exchange are being clarified in collaboration with BaFin (the German federal financial supervisory agency).
Berlin
- No trading yet
Nexii provides impact investment platforms with trusted regulatory oversight to facilitate the transparent flow of capital to high impact businesses that address critical global social and environmental challenges.
Mauritius South Africa
- The Impact Board (regulated public stock exchange) - Nexii Impact Opportunities Platform (unlisted debt or equity) - NeXii Impact Ventures (grant capital or convertible grants for early stage enterprises)
56
Social Stock Exchange with Short Mission Statement
Trading Centre
Focus
Contact Details
The Social Stock Exchange is designed to provide access to capital specifically risk capital for organizations that are for-profit social purpose businesses, most likely to be from sectors that create social value such as health, leisure, transport, housing, green and ethical consumerism, and clean and green technology. Table 7: Social Stock Exchanges
London
- No trading yet
Pradeep Jethi, CEO: pjethi@gmail.com
Source: Websites, Personal information
57
4.10 Funding Platforms

Funding Platform with Short Mission Statement Main Financing Instruments Geographical Focus Main Sector Focus Environment Education Community Health Opportunity Sustainable food Contact Details
33needs is turning the focus of crowdfunding entirely on companies with a social mission, and allowing ordinary people to invest, make a social impact and earn financial rewards.
- Variable
Worldwide
33needs www.33needs.com
BiD Network engages thousands of entrepreneurs, experts and investors from all over the world to stimulate entrepreneurship and economic growth in emerging markets.
- Equity capital
Worldwide
- No sector focus
Stichting BiD Network De Ruyterkade 107 1011 AB Amsterdam The Netherlands +31 20 7555 000 info@bidnetwork.org www.bidnetwork.org
Kickstarter is the largest funding platform for creative projects in the world. We're a great way for artists, filmmakers, musicians, designers, writers, illustrators, explorers, curators, performers, and others to bring their projects, events, and dreams to life.
- Variable
Worldwide
- Creative projects
Kickstarter www.kickstarter.com
58
Funding Platform with Short Mission Statement
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details
IndieGoGo is an easy online platform for anybody in the world to raise more money, from more people, fast. With IndieGoGo, you can turn your passion into a funding campaign, promote your idea, engage a fan base, and get funded.
- Variable
Worldwide
- No sector focus
IndieGoGo 1383A 9th Avenue San Francisco CA 94122 support@indiegogo.com www.indiegogo.com
InVenture unleashes the potential of developing entrepreneurs to lift themselves and their communities out of poverty by connecting individuals directly with these entrepreneurs, thus enabling the opportunity to create long-term substantial impact.
- Equity capital
Worldwide
- No sector focus
inVenture info@inventure.org www.inventure.org
Mission Markets mission is to provide the necessary infrastructure to scale the social and environmental markets by facilitating transparency, efficiency and impact measurement.
Worldwide
- No sector focus
Mission Markets Inc. 333 Hudson St., 6th Floor New York NY 10013-1006 USA info@missionmarkets.com www.missionmarkets.com
59
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details Slovenian Goodwill Exchange Britof 469 4000 Kranj Slovenia + 386 4 23 448 04 info@dobraborza.si www.dobraborza.si
Slovenian Goodwill Exchanges purpose is to establish a market of demand and supply of financial investment and to strengthen relations between investors, social economy organizations, social innovators and the public sector.
- Debt capital - Donations
Worldwide
- No sector focus
Socential, a social impact organization, acts as an intermediary in the areas of philanthropy and social entrepreneurship. Its goal is to empower innovative solutions to social issues, by enabling social entrepreneurs to find the necessary resources and support for their projects.
- Grants - Debt capital
Worldwide
- Education - Children and youth - Work integration and empowerment - Environment and natural resources - Infrastructure and economic development
Socential Postfach 1903 CH-8021 Zrich Switzerland info@socential.org www.socential.org
Venture Capital for Africa believes that entrepreneurship should be the main driver in Africas economic growth, in particular the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) that provide much of Africas employment, income and hope for a better future.
Africa
- No sector focus
Venture Capital for Africa ben@vc4africa.com www.vc4africa.com
60
Geographical Focus
Main Sector Focus
Contact Details Toniic 555 Bartlett Suite 224 San Francisco, CA USA 94110 morgan.simon@ toniic.com www.toniic.com
Toniic is an international impact investor network promoting a sustainable global economy by investing in entrepreneurs addressing the fundamental needs of people and the planet.
- Impact investments
Worldwide
Poverty Healthcare Environment Housing
Table 8: Funding Platforms Source: Websites, Personal information
61
5 Task Force Members of the Schwab Foundation Community

Martin Burt Fundacin Paraguaya Macarena Currin Rodelillo Foundation
Enayetullah Iftekhar Waste Concern
Christopher J. Elias PATH (Programme for Appropriate Technology in Health)
David Green
Ronald Grzywinski
Andreas Heinecke Dialogue Social Enterprise
Garth C. Japhet Heartlines
Timothy Ma Kam Wah Senior Citizen Home Safety Association (SCHSA)
Shona McDonald Shonaquip
Kovin Naidoo International Center for Eye Care Education (ICEE)
Ziad Refai Tamweelcom
lvaro Rodrguez Arregui IGNIA Compartamos Banco
Pierre Tami Hagar International
Silverius Oscar Unggul Telapak
Bart Weetjens HeroRAT
Ariel Zylbersztejn Cinepop
Cinepop
63
6 Index
33needs .......................................................... 65 Acumen Fund ................................................ 26 Adobe Capital ................................................ 26 Alitheia Capital ............................................. 45 AlphaMundi ............................................ 26, 45 Alternative Bank Schweiz ............................. 51 Artha .............................................................. 28 ASN-Novib Fund .......................................... 45 Auridis ........................................................... 28 avant-gardist .................................................. 58 Bamboo Finance ............................................ 58 Banca Popolare Etica..................................... 51 Banco Sol ...................................................... 51 Beyond Capital Fund ..................................... 31 BiD Network ................................................. 65 BonVenture ................................................... 28 Brac Bank ...................................................... 53 Bridges Ventures ........................................... 29 CAF Venturesome ......................................... 29 Calvert Foundation .................................. 30, 46 Charity Bank ................................................. 53 Childrens Investment Fund Foundation ....... 29 Compartamos Banco ..................................... 53 Convertible grant ........................................... 11 Convivatus Social Capital ............................. 30 Core Innovation Capital ................................ 30 Cultura Bank ................................................. 54 d.o.b foundation............................................. 31 Debt capital ................................................... 11 Dexia Microcredit Fund ................................ 46 Dual Return Fund .......................................... 46 Due diligence................................................. 15 E+Co ............................................................. 31 ennovent ........................................................ 33 Equitas Ventures ........................................... 33 Equity capital................................................. 11 European Fund for Southeast Europe ............ 47 Exit ................................................................ 22 External financing ......................................... 23 Ferd Social Entrepreneurs ............................. 33 Financing instruments ................................... 22 Fondation Demeter .................................. 34, 47 Fondazione Oliver Twist Onlus .................... 34 Forgivable loan .............................................. 11 Funding consultancies ..................................... 8 Funding platforms ........................................... 8 GIIRS ............................................................ 21 GLS Bank ..................................................... 54 Good Capital ................................................. 34 Grants............................................................ 11 Grassroots Business Fund ............................. 35 Gray Ghost Ventures .............................. 35, 47 Hybrid capital ............................................... 11 IGNIA ........................................................... 35 Impact Investment Exchange Asia ............... 62 Impetus Trust ................................................ 36 IndieGoGo .................................................... 66 Inspiring Scotland ......................................... 36 Internal financing .......................................... 23 InVenture ...................................................... 66 Kickstarter .................................................... 65 LGT Venture Philanthropy ........................... 36 Light Years IP ............................................... 58 Merkur Cooperative Bank ............................ 54 Mezzanine capital ......................................... 11 Mibanco ........................................................ 56 MicroVest ..................................................... 48 Mission Markets ........................................... 66 Negotiating the financing terms .............. 17, 22 New Philanthropy Capital............................. 61 New Profit..................................................... 38 new resource bank ........................................ 56 Nexii ............................................................. 62 NExt SSE ...................................................... 62 noaber Foundation ........................................ 38 Oasis Fund .................................................... 38 Oikocredit ..................................................... 48 Omidyar-Tufts Microfinance Fund............... 49 OneCalifornia Bank ...................................... 56 Performance measurement............................ 20 PHINEO........................................................ 61 PhiTrust ........................................................ 39 Private Equity Foundation ............................ 39 Recoverable grant ......................................... 11 REDF ............................................................ 40 responsAbility ......................................... 40, 49 Revenue share agreements ............................ 11 Robin Hood................................................... 41 Root Capital .................................................. 41 Screening ...................................................... 15 Selection process .......................................... 15 sitawi............................................................. 41 SNS Institutional Microfinance Fund ........... 49 Socential ....................................................... 68
64
Social capital markets...................................... 6 Social Finance ............................................... 60 Social investment advisors .............................. 6 Social investment funds................................... 7 Social Investors Club..................................... 42 Social stock exchange ..................................... 7 Social Stock Exchange London ..................... 64 Social Venture Fund ...................................... 42 Solar for All ................................................... 42 Task force members ...................................... 71
The One Foundation ..................................... 39 The Tony Elumelu Foundation ..................... 43 Total Impact Advisor .................................... 60 Triodos Bank ................................................ 57 Value banks .................................................... 6 Vancity.......................................................... 57 Venture Capital for Africa ............................ 68 Venture Philanthropy funds ............................ 7 Village Capital .............................................. 43 Xac Bank ...................................................... 57
65
7 Sources
The content is based on a survey of Schwab Fellows conducted in December 2010, interviews with Schwab Fellows and the following literature: Achleitner, A.-K., Pllath, R. & Stahl, E. (Ed.) (2007): Finanzierung von Sozialunternehmern, Konzepte zur finanziellen Untersttzung von Social Entrepreneurs, Stuttgart: Schffer-Poeschel. Achleitner, A.-K., Schraml, S. & Tappeiner, F. (2008) Private Equity in Familienunternehmen: Erfahrungen mit Minderheitsbeteiligungen, Download: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1117903. Achleitner, A.-K., Spiess-Knafl, W. & Volk, S. (2011) Finanzierung von Social Enterprises Neue Herausforderungen fr die Finanzmrkte, in Hackenberg and Empter (Ed.), Social Entrepreneurship Social Busines, VS Verlag, Wiesbaden. Achleitner, A.-K. & Spiess-Knafl, W. (in press) Financing of Social Entrepreneurship in Volkmann, Tokarski & Ernst (Ed.), Understanding Social Entrepreneurship & Social Business Be Part of Something Big. Clark, C./Rosenzweig, W./Long, D./Olsen, S. (2004): Double Bottom Line Project Report: Assessing Social Impact in Double Line Ventures. Heister, P. (2010) Finanzierung von Social Entrepreneurship durch Venture Philanthropy und Social Venture Capital, Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden. John, R. (2006) Venture Philanthropy The Evolution of High Engagement Philanthropy in Europe, Download: www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/skoll. Roder, B. (2010) Reporting im Social Entrepreneurship, Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden.
Most websites were cited in the text. Websites used for a general overview were: European Venture Philanthropy Association (EVPA) Global Alliance for Banking on Values (GABV) Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship www.evpa.eu.com www.gabv.org www.schwabfound.org
66
The Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship provides unparalleled platforms at the regional and global level to highlight and advance leading models of sustainable social innovation. It identifies a select community of social entrepreneurs and engages it in shaping global, regional and industry agendas that improve the state of the world in close collaboration with the other stakeholders of the World Economic Forum.
In partnership with
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Social Investment Manual

An Introduction for Social Entrepreneurs

Developed by the Social Investment Task Force

Technical University Munich

Schwab Foundation Community of Social Entrepreneurs* led by Andreas Heinecke

Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship

Ann-Kristin Achleitner Wolfgang Spiess-Knafl

Mirjam Schning Abigail Noble

Task Force Members of the Schwab Foundation Community

Mirjam Schning Head Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship

2 Social Investment Landscape

3 The Financing Process

3.1 Available Financing Instruments

Term Sheet Duration: Short term

Annual payments: Interest payments (variable) Repayment: Duration: Yes Unlimited

Annual payments: None Repayment: Depends upon structure

Table 1: Comparison of Financing Instruments Source: Own illustration 10

3.2 Finding the Right Investor

3.3 Approaching the Social Investor

Also see page 45 for a list of social investment advisers.

3.4 Screening and Due Diligence Process

3.5 Negotiating the Financing Terms

Debt capital (loan)

3.6 Working with Investors

3.7 Performance Measurement

3.8 Exit Consideration

Source: Achleitner, Spiess-Knafl & Volk (2011)

4.2 Investment Template

4.3 Non-Disclosure Agreement Template

4.4 Social Investors with General Investment Focus

Main Sector Focus

East Africa India Pakistan

Water Health Agriculture Energy Housing

- Debt capital - Equity capital

- Debt capital - Equity capital

Microfinance Sustainable agriculture Renewable energy Rural development Education

Social Investor with Short Mission Statement

Main Financing Instruments

Main Sector Focus

- Equity capital - Convertible grant

Agriculture Cleantech Livelihoods Water

- Grants - Debt capital - Interest-free loans

- Support of young children from sociallydisadvantaged families

Equity capital Mezzanine capital Debt capital Grants

Social Investor with Short Mission Statement

Main Financing Instruments

Main Sector Focus

- Equity capital - Equity-like capital

Africa Asia Mid-Americas

- Debt capital - Equity-like capital

Social Investor with Short Mission Statement

Main Financing Instruments

Main Sector Focus

- Debt capital - Mezzanine capital - Equity capital

- Financial technology companies providing consumer finance products

Social Investor with Short Mission Statement

Main Financing Instruments

Main Sector Focus

The Netherlands Africa