KIC Sep2009

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 16

vlŒtcGifhta&;

wdkif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;
'Drdkua&pDa&;
KAREN NEWSLETTER pufwifbm/ 2009 ckESpf Volume(13) Issue(9) September
ptember,, 2009
September

TonfrSm
olwkd@awG[m 'g[m ,laurSm tvGef@tvGefjzpfcJvS+yD;
tem*wfacgif;aqmifawGqw dk m pnf;±Hk;vkyfaqmifEdkifwJh vlta,muf 5odef;wGifrSm
usaemfwkd@ todtrSwfðyyg t}uD;us,fqHk; wa,mufyifjzpfcJonfh
vkduf+yDæ u&ifh,Ofaus;r_yGJwck jzpfygw,fæ jzpf&yfjzpfonfæ
pmrsufESm (5) pmrsufESm (10) pmrsufESm (11)

wyfr[m(5)wGif xd;k ppf pwifae+yD


pufwifbmv (24)&uf? vufatmufcH cr&(216)eJ@ 'Dau v_y&f mS ;onfah 'orsm;wGif aus;&Gm ypf o wf c J h w ,f ? tJ ' D v l i ,f u a&muf+yD; &Gmom; apmxdk@ud 35 xm;onf[kvnf; od&onf?
eef;xl;pH (autdkifpD) bDat wyf(666)/ (333)/ (777) rsm;odk@ 0ifa&mufum ppfom;rsm; pum;rajymwwf/ em;r=um;wJo h l ESpuf kd &Gmtjyifbuf&dS uGr;f oD;+cx H J etzESifh 'DaubDat
u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf; wyfzGJ@awG&JŒ wyfzGJ@tcsKdŒ yl;aygif; aumufcjH cif;/ &Gmol&mG om;rsm;udk qdak wmh olw@kd ac:wm r=um;vd@k qkd wGif ypfowfcJha=umif; autJef,l wyfrsm;onf 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ
t±Hk;(autJef,l) wyfr[m (5) wyfz@JG aygah emf? bl;odòk rŒd e,frmS v_yf ±dkufESufjcif;/ a'ocHrsm; oGm;vm +yD; ypfowfvdkufwm? tck olwdk@ . owif;xkwfjyefcsuft& od& rwdkifrD e,fpyfwav#muf&Sd au
e,fajrwGif etzESiw hf ;kd wufaom &Sm;r_ ydkrsm;vmw,f? tJ'Dawmh aeonfh vrf;rsm;ESihf +crH sm;wGif rdik ;f (etz/ 'DaubDat)v_yf&Sm;r_u onf? tJef,le,frsm;udk pdk;rdk;Edkif&eft
Ak ' < b momu&if t rsKd ; om;wyf usaemfwdk@tzGJ@eJ@ wdkufyGJao;ao; axmifxm;jcif;rsm;tjyif pufwif &GmawG&ŒJ ywf0ef;usi/f +cx H /J vlawG ,if;od@k etzESihf 'Dau wGuf vGefcJhonfh ZGefvrSpI au
rawmf ('DaubDat)wyfz@JG rsm;u av;awG jzpfymG ;wm &Syd gw,f? }uD; bmv (18)&ufae@u bl;odòk rŒd e,f oGm;vmaewJhvrf;eJ@ acsmif;urf; bDatwyfrsm; ydrk v kd y_ &f mS ;vmjcif; tJ e f , l wyf r [m(7)e,f a jrud k
,ckv tapmydkif;rSpI ppfa&;ydkrdk }u;D awmh r[kwb f ;l ? olw@kd yl;aygi;f &Sd r,fu;l xmhaus;&Gmom; touf yg;awGrSm rdkif;awG axmifxm;=u a=umifh wyfr[m(5)e,fajrtwGif wdkufwdkufodrf;qnf;cJh+yD; wyfr
v_y&f mS ;vmjcif;onf wyfr[m(5) wyfzGJ@awG tckvdk ppfa&;v_yf&Sm; (17)ESpft&G,f&Sd u&ifvli,fwOD; w,f? &Gmom;awGudk rxdayr,fh autJet f ,fvaf t wyf&if;(102) [m(6)ESifh wyfr[m(5) xdef;csKyf
e,fajrxdk;ppfudk pwifaejcif;jzpf wmudk =unfhjcif;tm;jzifh usaemf udk ta=umif;rJh ypfowfcJhonf[k &Gmom;awG&ŒJ u|aJ wG/ 0ufawG xd wyfzGJ@ESifh r=umc% ajymufusm; onfhe,fajrrsm;udkvnf; ,ckv
a=umif; wyfr[m(5) wyfa&;Adv k f wdk@e,fajrrSm xdk;ppfudk pwift e,fcHwOD;u ,ckvdk ajymonf? wmrsm;w,f”[k olu qdkonf? wduk yf rJG sm; jzpfymG ;v#u&f &dS m xdak ' twGif; xdk;ppfqifaeojzifh a'o
u autdkifpDudk ajymonf? aumif t xnf a zmf w m jzpf E d k i f “olwdk@&JŒ v_yf&Sm;r_rSm xdk@tjyif pufwifbm otwGif;&Sd ‚if;wdk@yl;aygif;wyfzGJ@ wGif;&Sd autJeft,fvfatwyfzGJ@
tqdyk gwyfa&;Advk f Adv
k f w,f”[k ajymonf? e,fcv H x
l ak wGawmh awmfawmfc&H v (12)&ufae@uvnf; zm;em'd rsm; oGm;vmv_yf&Sm;&ef toHk;ðy ESifh r=umc% wdkufyGJrsm;jzpfyGm;
rSL;apmuv,f'dk@u “usaemfwdk@ etzESifh 'DaubDat w,f? 'Dv (18)&ufae@u r,fu;l OD;pD;onfh 'DaubDatwyfu xdk onf h wH w m;rsm;ud k autJ e f v#uf&Sda=umif; od&onf? Ô
wyfr[mrSm tck etz wyfr(11) yl;aygi;f wyfz@JG rsm;u ‚if;wd@k xd;k ppf xmhaus;&Gmom; ausmfzm;wdkudk a'o&Sd xD;'d@k xm;aus;&GmxJo@kd 0if t,fvfatu vdkufvHzsufqD;
zmyGefc±kdif/ bl;odk+rdK@e,ftwGif;&Sd etz ppftpdk;&. e,fpyfwyfpcef;wck

Photo-KIC

Karen Information Center rS xkwfa0jzef‹csdonf?


t,f'w
D mhtmabmf Edi
k i
f aH &;tusOf;om;rsm;udk apwemtrSejf zifh
v$waf y;jcif;r[kw[ f k atatyDyaD jym
ppfreS w
f hJ vGwi+f rd ;f csrf;omcGiu
hf kd pufwifbmv 19&uf? tm;ay;r_awGenf;vmatmif et pm&Sif;vif;yJGwGif twGif;a&;rª; rsm;/ &efukefòrdŒ ykZGefawmifòrdŒe,f
&,l=u&atmif apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD)
ppftpdk;&onf ,ref
zu vkyaf eusypkH t
H wdik ;f vkyv
wmyJ? bmjzpfvdk@vnf;qdkawmh
f u
kd f csKyf. ajymcGifh&olu owday;
ajym=um;cJhonf?
tJeft,fvf'D v$wfawmfudk,fpm;
vS,f OD;Edik ;f Edik ;f / ouFe;f u|e;f òrŒd e,f
ae@u tusO;f om; 7˜114OD;udk jyef v$wv f ukd w
f mu 70ausm/f 'DvxJ xdik ;f Edik if t
H ajcpdu
k f jref tJeft,fvf'DtzGJ@OuUX OD;wifjr/
+yD;cJhonfh pufwifbmv 18&ufae@wGif etz ppftpdk;&u v$wfay;vdkuf&mwGif EdkifiHa&;t rSm zrf;wmudku ta,muf 30 rmhta&;avhvmoHk;oyfol udk rHk&GmtJeft,fvf'DrS OD;atmif&Sif/
Edik if o H m;tusO;f om;rsm;udk vGw+f idr;f csr;f omcGijhf zifh jyefvnfvw $ af y; usOf;om;rsm; yg0ifcJhaomfvnf; ausmfw,f”[k qufajymonf? atmifol+idrf;u etztaejzifh r Weekly Eleven t,f ' D w m
vdu k o f nf[k ‚if;wd@k . owif;pmxJrS wEdik if v H ;kH udk a=ujimvdu k o f nf? a[mif; ukdausmfausmfoef@/ tDudk
,cifESpf pufwifbmvuvnf; 9002OD;/ ,ckESpf azazmf0g&Duvnf;
AD;&Sif;*sme,frS owif;axmuf
6313OD; v$waf y;cJzh ;l onf? wu,fh v$w+f idr;f csr;f omcGihf tppftrSerf mS
rtdrcfh idk Of ;D ESihf oHCmawmfwyg;jzpf
,ckvdk [dkaxmifu wcsKdŒ/ 'Daxmifu wa,mufqdk+yD; vla&G;v$wfay;
onfh t&SifpaENmbmowdk@ yg0if
jcif;rsKd; r[kwf? wEkdifiHvHk;wGif jypfr_aygif;pHkESifh jypf'%fuscHae&ol rnf
onf?
onft h usO;f om;rsK;d udrk qdk v$waf y;&rnfjzpfonf?
‚if;wdk@tvHk;tcJESifh jyefv$wfay;vdkufonfh aomif;csDaom +yD;cJhonfh Zlvdkifvu
tusOf;om;rsm;xJrSEkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;[k owfrSwfEkdifonfhtusOf; a':atmifqef;pk=unf tygt0if
om;rsm;rSm 200yif rjynfhwwf? wdkif;jynfudk pkH;pHk;jr‡Kyfatmif ysufpD; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; v$wfay;
ude;f qdu k af prnfh pepfq;kd wckukd ðyjyifajymif;vJvo kd rl sm;jzpfonfh Ekid if H &ef ukvor*~ vHkòcHa&;aumifpD
a&;/ vl@tcGifhta&;/ awmfvSefa&; v_yf&Sm;olrsm;udk rpdk@rydk@ v$wfay;±Hk wGif twGif;a&;rª;csKyf rpPwmbef
r#jzifh etzudk aus;Zl;wifp&mrvd?k xdo k rl sm;xuf &mcdik Ef e_ ;f rsm;pGm yg0if uDrGef;u jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,f OD;
onfh &mZ0wfru _ sL;vGecf o hJ l tusO;f om;rsm;udyk g wGv J w $ af y;cJo h nfukd ausmw f ihaf qGtm; wdu k wf eG ;f ajym
vnf; owdrrlI r&? qdck ohJ vdk ukvqkid &f m jrefrmoHt
etzonf rD', D mudk rD', D mESihf wdu k cf u kd rf nf[k [pfaºu;G +y;D rwf OD;oef;aqGuvnf; tusOf;
vlxu k kd vlxck si;f / vlrsK;d wl wdik ;f &if;om;tcsi;f csi;f / tpd;k &0efxrf; tcsi;f om;rsm;udk vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGihf
csi;f aoG;xd;k oyfo#KI d jyefvnfwu kd cf ukd af pv#u&f o dS nf? wdik ;f &if;om; ay;rnfjzpfa=umif; xdkv'kwd,
v$wfajrmufvmrnfh tusOf;om;rsm;udk rdom;pkrsm;u Todk@ vma&mufapmifhar#mf
rsm;xJwGifvnf; u&ifudk u&ifcsif;/ ytdk0f;udk ytdk0f;csif;/ 0udk 0csif;/ ywfwGif e,l; a,mufòrdŒ oHwref
rGeu f kd rGecf si;f ponfh tdr=f uufcsi;f td;k rJow k cf yG cf ikd ;f onfh enf;AsL[mjzifh ‚if;rSm apwemtrSejf zifh v$waf y; ,ckvkd tusO;f om;rsm; =umcif pwifawmhrnfh ukvor rsm;udk ajym=um;cJhonf?
Ekid if aH &;udk rw&m;pepfjzifh vuf0g;}uD;tkyf csKyfuikd x f m;avonf? jcif;r[kw[ f k Edik if aH &;tusO;f om; tm; jyefv$wfay;jcif;onf EdkifiH *~. taxGaxGnDvmcHwGif rsuf jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f tusO;f
TonfrmS vnf; wdik ;f &if;om;jynfot l csK@d . ud, k u f sK;d =unfh rsm; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;toif; om;tusOf;om;/ tusOf;olrsm; ESmyef;vS&eftwGuf tusOf;om; om;OD;a&aygif; (1)odef;ausmf&Sd+yD;
r_/ rnD!w $ rf _ tufa=umif;ay:wGif uGuaf umif;&Smonfh etz. tusK;d (atatyDyD)u xkwfazmfajymqdk tm; vl o m;csif ; pmemaxmuf rsm;udk v$wfay;vdkufjcif;omjzpf ppftpdk;&u tusOf;om;rsm;udk
tjrwfyif jzpfavonf? jynforl sm;taejzifv h nf; rdrw d @kd ywf0ef;usi&f dS vdkufonf? xm;r_/ oem;cspcf ifrw _ @kd ukd tav; a=umif; ,ckvdk ajymonf? vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtaejzifh jyef
wOD;ESiw hf OD;/ wzG@J EiS w hf zG@J =um; ,H=k unfr&_ &dS jdS zifh rvkyaf qmifEikd af tmif “ppftpdk;& v$wfay;wJh xm;onfhtaejzifhvnf;aumif;/ olu “olw@kd (etz)u v$wfay;onfrSm 10}udrfajrmuf
wrif zefw;D tuGuq f ifonfh etzudk ,ckraES; tðywfrwdu k x f w k Ef idk f xJrSm EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; 200 a'otusK;d ESihf Edik if aH wmftusK;d ukd awmh trsm;tm±Hpk ;l pduk rf u
_ &kd zd@k w jzpfonf[k &efukefwdkif;tusOf;
ygu vmrnft h em*wfwiG f rdom;pkwiG ;f / aqGrsK;d wGi;f Yyifv#if ,H=k unf
ausmfw,fvdk@ ajymw,f? aocsm xrf;&Guo f mG ; Edik &f eftwGuv f nf; enf;enf;eJ@ vkyfjyrSmyJ? 'gayr,fh OD;pD; Xme!$e=f um;a&;rª;csKyf OD;aZmf
pdwcf sI r&awmhavmufatmif ysupf ;D ude;f qdu k af &mufayawmhrnf?
ppf=unfhvdkufawmh EdkifiHa&; t aumif; uscH&ef usef&Sdaeao; 'DtqifheJ@avmufawmh jrefrmrd 0if;u jynfwGif;jynfy rD'D,mrsm;
,ckqdkv#if etzu pufwifbm oHCmhv_yf&Sm;r_ (2)ESpf r
usO;f om; 71a,mufy?J tJ'x D rJ mS aom jypf'%frsm;udk vGw+f idr;f csr;f om;pkaum? Edik if w
H um rdom;pkyg ud k xk w f a zmf a jym=um;cJ h a omf
jynfrh D usyif g;axmifwef aiGpuULtopfukd xkwaf 0vdu k +f yD; atmufwkd
w0ufavmufu v$wf&ufeD;wJh omcGiðhf yvdu k af =umif; ,refae@u tm;&auseyfr_&Sdao;rSm r[kwf vnf; jrefrmEdik if &H dS tusO;f axmif
bmv 1&ufae@rSpI oHk;pGJcGifhðyrnfjzpfa=umif; r=umao;cifuyif t
a=umif;jycsurf phJ mG xkwjf yefco hJ nf? jrefrmjynf. vlra_ &;/ Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm; olawGygwmudak wG@&w,f? aemuf ppftpkd;& xkwf jrefrmhtvif;o bl;? aemuf ppftpdk;&tay:rSm rsm;xJwGif vuf&SdEdkifiHa&;tusOf;
a&;tvHk;pHkudk csKyfudkifxm;onfh etz. tm±HkvGJ zefwD;vkyfaqmifr_ wu,fta&;}uD;wJh a':atmif wif;pmwGif azmfjyxm;onf? vnf; oabmxm; ajymif;vJrmS r om;aygif; (2˜200)ausmf usef&Sd
vnf; jzpfEidk af umif;onf? jrefrmjynforl sm;onf rdrw d ikd ;f jynfaumif; qef;pk=unf/ OD;wifO;D eJ@ 88ausmif; tqdyk gtusO;f om;rsm;tm; [kwfbl;? wu,fjzpfoifhwmu ao;a=umif; atatyDyD. pm&if;
pm;a&;twGuf urBmjh ynforl sm;udk t"duxm; apmifah r#mu f ;kd aeI roifh om;acgi;f aqmifvv kd al wG rygb;l ? v$wfay;rnf[k ppftpkd;& xkwf EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;tm;vHk; t& od&onf?
awmf? ukev f eG cf ohJ nfh umvwav#muf etzudk pD;yGm;a&;t& jypf'%f 'D v d k v $ w f a y;vd k u f w m[m wd k ; jyef+y;D aemufwae@wiG f ukvor*~ v$waf y;zd@k vw
kd ,fv@kd usaemfjrifyg ppf t pd k ; &onf +yD ; cJ h
cwfco Jh nfh tar&duef. jrefrmEdik if t H ay: xm;&Sad om Edik if jH cm;a&; rl0g' wufr_wckvdk@ ajymvdk@&ayr,fh twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfu EkdifiHa&;t w,f”[k oHk;oyfajymqdkonf? onfhESpf pufwifbmvwGif t
yifv#if AsL[majymif;vJvm+yDjzpfonf? ppfrSefwJhapwemeJ@ v$wfw,fqdk usOf;om;tcsKd@ yg0ifcJhonfhtay: ,ckvGwfajrmufvmonfh usO;f om; 9˜002OD;/ ,ckEpS f azazmf
odk@qdkaomf tppt&m&m ,kd,Gif;ysufpD;ae+yD; qif;&JwGif; wmawmh ajym&cufygw,f”[k óudqcdk ahJ omfvnf; ,cifwu dk wf eG ;f EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;xJwGif 0g&v D wGif tusO;f om; 6˜313OD;udk
acsmufxo J @kd eufoxufeufatmif oufqif;usa&mufaeaom trdjref atatyDyD twGi;f a&;rSL; udw k wd f xm;onft h wkid ;f ,ckEpS f Zlvidk v f 1988ckESpfrS yk'fr 17§1ESifh ta&; jyefvnf v$waf y;cJ&h mwGif Ekid if aH &;
rmjynf. uH=urRmudk rSeu f efonfh vGwv f yfrr_ sm;ESit hf wl &J&0J 0hH /hH nDnD Edkifu autdkifpDudk ajymonf? aemufykdif; EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; ay: pDrHcsuf Oya'yk'fr 5(n)/ 17/ tusOf;om; 30 0ef;usif yg0ifcJh
!$w! f w $ f u,fwifaqmif&u G o
f mG ;rSomv#if u|Eykf w f @kd jrefrmwdik ;f &if; olu “EdkifiHwumu tm;vk H ; jyef v $ w f a y;&ef e,l ; 13/ 20 wdk@jzifh ESpf(20)ausmf t onf? Ô
om; jynfojl ynfom;rsm;tm;vH;k +ird ;f csr;f om,monfh vGw+f ird ;f csr;f om pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwfta&;,lra_ wG/ zd a,mhcf ukv±kH;csKyf. ykHrSefowif; usOf;cscHae&onfh v$wf&ufeD;ol
cGiu hf kd {uefrvGJ &&S=d urnfyifjzpfyga=umif; xyfavmif; wdu k w f eG ;f tyfay
onf?
‰‰‰ v$waf y;vdu
k +f yD vmrajymeJ ?h

u&ifowif;pOf
wm0efct
H ,f'w
D m eef;azmha*
vufaxmuft,f'w D m eef;xl;pH
owif;axmufrsm; apmcg;pl;nm;/ apmode;f jrifh
aemfjzLoif;
tjyiftqif apmcg;pl;nm;
qufo,
G &f ef
kicnews@yahoo.com
P.O Box 22
Mae Sot, 63110
Tak, Province
Thailand.
www.kicnews.org

u&ifowif;pOf/ pufwifbmv/ 2009 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 2


a&$*ufpr
f S tm%mp}uFH tpD&ifcp
H mxkwjf yef ppfa&;v_y&
f mS ;r_a=umifh
pufwifbmv 8&uf? rsm;tm;jzifh ppfwyftiftm;wd;k csŒJ vlxktHkºuGr_udk jzpfay:vmaprSm +yD;cJhonfhESpfrsm;twGif;
apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD) a&;/ aejynf a wmf w d k ; csJ Œ wnf jzpfw,f? 'DavmifpmpGrf;tifawG
[m usaemfw@kd jynfoal wG ydik q f ikd f
jrefrmEdkifiHY obm0"mwfaiG@ydkuf pmoifausmif;ESihf
jrefrmEkid if u H kd jzwfoef; aqmufa&;ESifh ppfwyftwGif; t vdik ;f wnfaqmuf&mwGif ppftpd;k
um w±kwEf idk if o H @kd oG,w
aqmuf r nf h obm0"mwf a iG @
f ef;wnf axGaxGtoH;k taqmifrsm;twGuf
om oHk;pGJrnfjzpfonf[k olu
wmjzpfwJhtwGuf tJ'Davmifpm
pGr;f tifawGukd usaemfw@kd wdik ;f jynf
&u jynfolrsm;udk twif;t"rR
vkyftm;ay;cdkif;apjcif;/ twif;
aq;cef;ydwvf u dk &f
ydkufvdkif;ESifh ywfoufonfh ab; qufajymonf? &JŒ vdt k yfcsuaf wGrmS toH;k ðyoifyh g t"rR aetdrrf sm;a&$Œajymif;cdik ;f jcif;/ pufwifbm 8&uf? eef;xl;pH &onf?
tE W&m,frsm;udk w±kwftpdk;&u jrefrmEdik if o
H nf obm w,f”[k ajymqdkxm;onf? ajr,mrsm;odr;f ,ljcif;/ trsK;d orD; (autkdifpD) ,ck t csd e f w G i f ‚if ; 'D
rsufuG,fðyaejcif;tay: a&$*ufpf 0"mwfaiG@ t&if;tjrpfydkifqdkif &cdkifjynfe,frS w±kwf rsm;udk twif;t"rR rk'rd ;f usijhf cif; 'l;yvm,mc±kid f 0if;a&; aubDatwyfzGJ@u rJhuomwGif
v_y&f mS ;r_tzG@J (SGM)u tm%m aom EkdifiHrsm;pm&if;I tqifh 10 e,fpyftxd oG,fwef;oGm;rnfh ESit hf jcm;Edik xf ufp;D eif;r_ trsK;d rsK;d òrdŒe,ftwGif;&Sd autJef,lxdef; ae&mtckdiftrm ,lxm;+yD; etz
p}uFH tpD&ifcHpmxkwfjyefum rD; ajrmuf yg0ifaeaomfvnf; obm ydkufvdkif;vrf;a=umif;wavSsmuf ðyvkyu f m vl@tcGit hf a&;csK;d azmuf csKyfxm;&m rJu h om*Giw f iG f =o*kwf cv& (283)rS ppf a =umif ; ES p f
armif;xd;k azmfjyvku d o f nf? 0"mwfaiG@ trsm;pkukd jynfyod@k wif vHòk caH &;twGuf cef@reS ;f ajc ppfom; r_rsm; usL;vGefcJha=umif;vnf; udk vukefykdif;rSpI etzESifh 'DaubD a=umif;u taemufbufrSae&m
pufwifbmv 7&ufae@ ydk@r_a=umifh jrefrmjynfolwOD;. OD;a& (13˜000)ausmfcsxm;um 0if;atmifu qdkonf? atwyfrsm; 0ifa&mufvy_ &f mS ;vm ,lxm;um wyf&if;rSL; AkdvfrSL;
wGif xkwjf yefvu kd o f nfh ‚if;tpD&if vSsypf pfo;kH pGrJ _ yrm%rSm tdref ;D csi;f w±kwjf ynf. a&eHEiS o hf bm0"mwf &cd k i f j ynf v H k ; qd k i f & m onf h t wG u f a'owG i f ; &S d r l v jrwfxGef;at;ukd,fwkdif yl;aygif;
cHpmwGif t&Snf 4˜000uDvrkd w D m xdkif;ESifh w±kwfEkdifiHrS jynfolwOD; aiG@ydkufvdkif;odk@ "mwfaiG@rsm; ap ausmif;om;vli,frsm;uGef*&uf wef;ausmif;wvk;H ESihf aq;ay;cef; wyfzGJ@udkpDrHcef@cGJr_rsm; vkyfaqmif
&Sd a&eHESifh obm0"mwfaiG@ydkuf . vSsyfppfoHk;pGJr_ yrm%atmuf v$wf&ef EdkifiHwum a'0l;ukr`%D (AASYC)/ &cdkifa&eHapmifh=unfh wvkH; ydwfvkduf&onf[k a'ocH vSsu&f adS =umif; autJe, f l 'l;yvm
vdkif;onf jrefrmEdkifiH. A[dkcsuf 5&mcdik Ef e_ ;f avsmeh nf;a=umif; awG@ OD;aqmifI tif'dk-awmifudk;&D; a&;tzG@J (Arakan Oil Watch) rsm;. ajymjycsuft& od&onf? ,mc±kid f twGi;f a&;rSL;u autkid f
ae&mudk jzwfoef;um w±kwEf ikd if H &onf[k tpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjy ,m; tzGJ@tpnf;rS urf;vGefa&eH ESihf tdE, Nd ESihf b*Fvm;a'h&EfS ikd if H a&$ =o*kwfv (30)&ufae@ pDukd ,ckvkd ajymonf?
odk@ oG,fwef;oGm;rnfh a&eHESifh o xm;onf? xkwfvkyfonfh pifjrifh/ urf;vGefrS obm0"mwfaiG@ v_y&f mS ;r_tzG@J rsm; u AkdvfrSL;apmaemfw,m OD;pD; “'D a ubD a twyf z G J @
bm0"mwfaiG@yu kd vf ikd ;f pDruH ed ;f rS & tpD&ifcHpmwGif udk0if; &cdik u f rf;±d;k wef;od@k oG,wf ef;rnfh jzifh zGJ@pnf;xm;onfh a&$*uf(pf) aom 'DaubDat (907)wyfz@JG EiS hf awGu rJhuomrSmae&m0if ,l
&Sdvmrnfh tjrwftpGef;rsm;tm; atmifu “jrefrmjynfolawG[m a&atmufydkufvdkif;ESifh ukef;wGif; v_y&f mS ;r_tzG@J (Shwe Gas Mov- AkdvfrSL;jrwfxGef;at; OD;aqmif w,f? olw@dk wyf&ŒJ aemufrmS etz
vHk;rSm jrefrmjynfolrsm;twGuf avmifpmpGr;f tif jywfvyfra_ wGukd ydik ;f "mwfaiG@taqmufttHw k @kd ukd ement)udk 2003 ckESpfwGif wnf onfh ajcvsiw f yf&if;-cv& (283) wyf cv&(283)rS ppfa=umif; (1)eJ@
tusKd;cHpm;cGifhr&bJ ppftpdk;&ESifh &ifqdkifae&+yD; 'D}uD;rm;wJh avmif wòydifwnf; wnfaqmufrnf[k axmifcJh+yD; tpD&ifcHpm (2)apmif wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;u rJhuomaus;&Gm (2)u rJu h omeJ@reD;ra0;wJo;Hk vk@d
w±kwt f pd;k &wd@k . tusK;d pD;yGm;udk pmwifydk@ a&mif;csr_awGuwqifh vnf; od&onf? xkwfa0cJh+yD;jzpfonf? Ô wG i f 0if a &muf a e&m,l v m+yD ; ac:wJah e&mrSm ae&m,lxm;w,f?
om jzpfxeG ;f rnf[k xdik ;f Edik if t H ajc u&iftrsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; tJ'Dcv&(283)&JŒwyf&if;rSL; Akdvf
pdkuf a&$*uf(pf)v_yf&Sm;r_tzGJ@rS udk wyfzGJ@ (autJeft,fvfat)ESifh rS L ;jrwf x G e f ; at;uk d , f w k d i f u
0if;atmifu ajymonf? wkdufyGJjzpfyGm;rnfukd a'owGif;&Sd 'D a ubD a twyf a &m/ ol @ wyf
olu “tckprD u H ed ;f [m &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u pkd;&drfae=u awGukdyg pDrHcef@cGJaewm? tJ'DrSm&Sd
ESpfaygif; 30twGif; etzppftpdk; onf h t wG u f ,ck v d k p moif wJ h w yf a wG u k d b,f r S m ae&m
&twGuf a':vm 29oef;awmif ausmif;ESifhaq;ay;cef;ukd ydwfypf ,lxm;vku d ?f bmvkyv f u dk q
f w
dk m
&r,f? olwdk@(etz)taeeJ@ avm vkduf&jcif;jzpfonf[k e,fcHw awG ol u nG e f = um;w,f a v?
avmq,f xdkif;udka&mif;aewJh OD;u autdkfifpDukd ajymonf? 'ga=umifh ausmif;awG/ aq;cef;
*uf(pf)u jrefrmwEdik if v H ;kH twdik ;f “tJ'D 'DaubDatwyf awGvnf; ydwfvdkuf=uwm”[k
twmeJ@ ajymr,fqdk&if 0ifaiG 50 awGu rJhuom&GmrSm =o*kwfv apmvpPwefu ajymonf?
&mcdkifE_ef;eD;yg;avmuf&Sdw,f”[k (30)&ufnu pwif0ifa&mufae xkd@tjyif olu “usaemf
autdkifpDudk ajymonf? &m,lwm? tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD;awmh wkd@bufuawmh tcsif;csif; wkduf
ppf t pd k ; &twG u f o ausmif ; a&m? aq;cef ; a&myd w f yGrJ jzpfcsib f ;l ? 'Du&Swd vhJ x l ak wGu
bm0"mwfaiG@rS &&Sv d monfh 0ifaiG xm;vkduf&w,f? &Gmol&Gmom; vnf; wkdufyGJjzpfyGm;rSmukdrvkd
rsm;onf ,cifuxuf tqrwef awGu wkdufyGJjzpfrSmukdpkd;&drf=u vm;=ubl;? usaemfwkd@uvlxk
&&Sdvm+yD; tqdkyg0ifaiGrsm;udk t w,f? olwkd@uav;awGukdawmh awGuiJn h m‡ +yD; wkud yf rJG jzpfatmif
ausmif ; ysuf b,f c H c sif y gh r vJ ? tajctaeawG u k d xd e f ; xm;
wku d yf jJG zpf&if olw@dk uav;awG w
etz wyfrsm; pGr;f tm;&Sit
f oif;0if pkaqmif; ckckjzpfrSma=umuf=uw,f? aq;
ayr,fh 'DtajctaerSm 'DaubD
ateJ@ etzwyfawGu tcGifht
pufwifbm 5&uf? eef;xl;pH &ma'ocH tm%mykid x f u
H dk =o*kwf wkd@e,frSm tckrSyJ olwkd@vkyfvm v_yf&Sm;&m oHawmifòrdŒopfac: cef;uvnf; &Gmol&Gmom;awG&JŒ a&;,l+yD;awmh ae&mawG0if,lae
(autkdifpD) v (31)&uf a e@u pmjzif h t wm”[k tqdkyg awmifile,fcHu (13)rkdifum;vrf;rSpI abm*vd ukd,fxlukd,fxaq;cef;yJqdkawmh w,f”[k qufvufajymqdkoGm;
,ckvqef;ykdif;twGif; a=umif;=um;cJo h nf[k awmifial ' ajymonf? }uD;a'orsm;twGif; aexkdifpm; tajctaet&yd w f x m;vk d u f onf?
awmifilc±kdif/ oHawmifòrdŒe,ft ocH w OD ; u autk d i f p D u k d ajym xkd@tjyif òrdŒe,frSL;OD; aomuf=uonfh &Gmom;rsm;tm; w,f”[k tqdyk g e,fajrcHuajym +yD;cJo
h nfv h u autJef
wGif;&Sd &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;ukd t onf? oef;0if;u ,if;odk@ "gwfykH±kduf+yD; jynfol@ppfxJukd r0ifrjzpf twif; onf? ,l wyfr[m(6)ESifh 'DaubDat
wif;"gwfykH±kdufckdif;+yD; pGrf;tm; “tJ'DrSm&SdwJh &Gmol&Gm aom tqkdyga'otwGif;rS &Gmol 0ifckdif;aeonf[kvnf; autJef xkduJhokd@ ausmif;a&m/ wyfAv kd w f yfrLS ;rsm;onf u&if t
&Siftoif;0iftjzpf pkaqmif;&ef om;awG u k d abm*vd } uD ; rS m &Gmom;rsm;ukd oHawmifòrdŒwGif ,l . owif ; xk w f j yef c suf w G i f aq;cef;yg ydwv f u
dk &f onft h wGuf csif;csif;=um; wkdufyGJrjzpfatmif
òrdŒe,frSL;OD;oef;0if;u trdef@pm "gwyf aHk wG oGm;±ku
d zf @dk oHawmifòrdŒ oifwef;oGm; wuf&rnf[kvnf; azmfjycJo h nf? a'ocHrsm;. usef;rma&;apmifh aqG;aEG;ajymqkdr_rsm;vkyfaqmifcJh
xkwfjyefxm;onf[k awmifila' e,frSL;u trdef@xkwfxm;w,f? trde@f xw k xf m;a=umif; od&onf? +yD;cJo
h nfh Zlvikd v
f qef; a&Smufrr_ sm; vpf[moGm;um u aomfvnf; 'DaubDattzGJ@u e
orS vmonfhowif;t& od& "gwfykHu pGrf;tm; &Siftoif;0if u&ifjynfe,f awmifil ydkif;uvnf; anmifav;yifc±dkif/ av;rsm;. ynma&;udkvnf; rsm; tz. nGef=um;r_twkdif; wdkuf
c±kdif&Sd xef;wyifESifh oHawmifòrdŒ ausmuf}uD;ESifh rHk;òrdŒe,frsm;wGif pGmxdckdufr_rsm;jzpf&aomfvnf; cdkufr_rsm;vkyfaqmifvmygu a'
e,ftwGif; tajccsv_yf&Sm;ae oufqdkif&m a'otm%mydkifrsm; vwfwavmtajctaewGif ‚if; ocHvlxkrsm;rxdckdufatmif jyif
oHawmifòrdŒopfac: (13)rkid u f m;vrf;rSpI
onfh ppfuyG u f aJG &;XmecsKyf-puc u ,ckvdk jynfol@ppfaumufcHr_ wkd@twGufvkHòcHa&;u ykdta&;}uD; qifxm;+yD;jzpfonf[k autJef
abm*vd}uD; a'orsm;twGi;f aexkid pf m;aomuf=uonfh aeonf[k xked ,fcu H qko d nf? ,lbufu ajymonf?
(5) wyf&if;rsm;ESihf awmifyidk ;f wkid ;f rsm; &SdcJhonf?
&Gmom;rsm;tm; jynfo@l ppfxu J dk ppfXmecsKyfwyf&if; ppfa=umif;rsm; ppf t pk d ; &wyf r sm;. ,ck y d w f x m;vk d u f & etzppf t pk d ; &onf
u a'ocH&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;tay: jynfol@ppfESifh pGrf;tm;&Siftoif; onfh pmoifausmif;wGif ausmif; e,fpyfwavSsmuf&Sd autJef,l
r0ifrjzpf twif;0ifcidk ;f aeonf[æ k
ykrd w
dk if;=uyfvm+yD; vkyt f m;ckid ;f ap 0if tpDtpOfwiG f pkaqmif;&&Sx d m; olausmif;om;aygif;100cef@ESifh xdef;csKyfxm;&m ae&mrsm;ukdpkd;rkd;
onf? u'ftwGuv f @dk ajymw,f? &Gmom; jcif;/ +cdr;f ajcmufjcif;ponfv h yk &f yf aom &Gmol&Gmom;OD;a&udk twd ausmif;q&m/ q&mraygi;f 6OD;&S+d y;D Ekdif&eftwGuf ZGefvtapmykdif;u
oH a wmif ò rd Œ e,f t awG u awmh rvk y f c sif b l ; ajym rsm; ykdrkdvkyfaqmifvmonf[k tus rod&ao;aomfvnf; xku d hJ twef;ynmtm;jzifh tajccHol 'DaubDatwyfzGJ@ukd a&SŒwef;wif
wGif;&Sd ajymifwkd*GifESifh oHawmif vnf; òrdŒe,frLS ;u ol@&ŒJ tpDtpOf u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t±kH;(au okd@ vkyfaqmifjcif;rSm vmrnfh i,fwef;rSpI 5wef;txd oif +yD ; autJ e f , l w yf r [m(7)uk d
òrdŒopfac: (13)rkid f um;vrf;a'o jzpfajrmufatmif oGm;vmaewJh tJef,l)u pufwifbmv 4&uf 2010 a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf rJt =um;yd k @ csvS s uf & S d o nf [ k od & wkdufckdufcJh+yD; qufvufIwyfr
twG i f ; &S d &G m ol & G m om;rsm;uk d &Gmom;awGukdqGJ? "gwfykHtwif; ae@wG i f owif ; xk w f jyef x m; ompD;&&Sad tmif óuw d ifjyifqifjcif; onf? tvm;wl tqkdygaq;cef; [m(6)ES i f h w yf r [m(5)e,f a jr
pGrf;tm;&Siftoif; 0ifjzpf&eft ±kduf+yD;awmh pGrf;tm;&Siftoif; onf? jzpfEkdifa=umif; awmifile,fcHrsm; onf rJhuom&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;. rsm;ukdvnf; 0ifa&mufodrf;ykduf
wGuf abm*vdo@dk "gwyf o Hk mG ;±ku
d f xJ u k d pm&if ; xnf h v k d u f w ,f ? tqk d y gwyf z G J @ 0if r sm; u rSwfcsufay;ae=uonf? Ô usef ; rma&;twG u f t m;xm;& &ef owif;rsm;xGufay:vSsuf&Sd
&ef òrdŒe,frLS ;oef;0if;u oufqidk f t&ifu 'Dvrdk sK;d r&Scd zhJ ;l bl;? usaemf onf ,ck&ufykdif;twGif; ‚if;wkd@ qkH;aq;cef;wckjzpfa=umif; od onf? Ô
u&ifowif;pOf/ pufwifbmv/ 2009 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 3
zmyGeaf 'oY &ufyi kd ;f twGi;f vl 300ausmf zmyGe-f urarmif;
ul;pufa&m*gjzpfymG ; um;vrf; autJe, f l
xm;w,f”[k autJef,l zmyGefc ausmif;ukd ,m,Dydwfxm;vkduf& [k od&onf?
puf w if b m 20&uf ? eef ; xl ; pH
(autkdifpD) ±dik f use;f rma&;wm0efcH q&mapm onf[k od&onf? c±dkifusef;rma&; wm ydwy
f ifxm;
autJef,l xdef;csKyf&m 0if;ausmfu autdkifpDudk ajym a&m*gcHpm;&onfh vl 0ef c H u “bma&m*gvJ q d k w m
a'ojzpfonfh zmyGefc&kdif vlaom onf? emrsm;ukd ao;rl'Jaus;e,f&Sd wm usaemfw@kd taotcsm tajzod&
òrŒd e,fwiG f ,ckv(11)&ufae@rpS I a&m*gul;pufcH&olrsm;rSm td@k '&J mG aq;cef;rS aq;0efxrf;rsm; atmif tqdk;&Gm;qHk; vlemav;ig;
wkyaf uG;a&m*g trsK;d tpm;[k xif ESm&nf,jdk cif;/ vnfacsmif;emjcif;/ u a&m*gjzpfyGm;olrsm;. aetdrf a,muf&ŒJ ovdyaf wGu, kd +l y;D xkid ;f
rS w f & onf h ul ; puf a &m*gwck acsmif;t&rf;qk;d jcif;/ rsuv f ;Hk eDjcif;/ rsm;/ aus;&Gmrsm;od@k ud, k w f ikd u
f ,
kd f EkdifiHbufu aq;±HkawGrSm oGm;
jzpfyGm;&m q,f&uftwGif; xdka' uk, d tf ylcsed jf rifw
h ufjcif;ESihf acgi;f us oGm;a&mufukoay;vSsuf&Sd a&mufppfaq;zd@k usaemfw@kd pDpOfae
o&Sd &Gmol&Gmom; 300ausmf ul; t&rf;ukdufjcif; ponfhvuQ%m aomfvnf; ±kwfw&uf a&m*gul; ygw,f? tckvwfwavmrSmawmh
pufcH&onf[k od&onf? rsm;ukd awG@&Sd&+yD; eD;pyf&mudk t pufr_E_ef; jrefqef+yD; ul;pufjzpf &Gmom;awGukd w&Gmuae w&Gmudk
“vGefcJhwJhtywfu p vsiftjreful;pufr_a=umifh wcsKdŒ yGm;ol rsm;jym;onfhtwGuf aq; oGm;vmcGifhwm;xm;+yD; tjcm;
Photo-KIC
jzpfwm q,f&uftwGif;rSm vl rSm a&m*gjzpfyGm;r_ jyif;xefaomf 0g;vkaH vmufr_ r&Sad =umif; wmtd@k aus;e,fawGukd xyfu;l pufroGm;
300ausmfavmuf ul;pufoGm; vnf; ,cktcsed x f d vlemaoqH;k r_ 'Jaq;cef;wm0efcH q&mapm!$ef@ atmif usaemfwdk@ xdef;xm;yg zmyGefòrŒteD;rS aus;&Gmw&Gm
w,f? ul;pufr_E_ef;u t&rf;jref r&Sdao;[k od&onf? 0if;. ajymjycsuft& od&onf? w,f”[k qufvuf ajymqkdoGm; pufwifbmv 9&uf? autdkifpD ðyoGm;vmaeonfh a'ocHjynf
w,f? a&m*gu;l pufwv hJ el m 60ukd tqkdyg ul;pufa&m*g ,cku;l pufonfh a&m*g onf? u&ifjynfe,f zmyGeEf iS hf olrsm;rSm =o*kwfvrukefcifu
usaemfwdk@ aoG;ppf=unfhygw,f? onf zmyGefòrdŒajrmufbuf rdkif trsKd;tpm; twdtusod&eft vGefcJhonfh 2008 ckESpf urarmif;um;vrf;udk pufwif wnf;u tajccHpm;ukefrsm;jzpf
iSufzsm;a&m*grsm;vm;aygh? 'gay 30ausmf uGma0;onfh vlaomòrdŒ wGuf aq;ppfr_rsm;udk e,fpyfrSw u zmyGefc±kdif/ 'GJvkd;òrdŒe,fwGif bmvrS p I u&if t rsKd ; om;t onfh qm;/ qD/ ðiyfoD;/ =uufoGef
r,fh iSufzsm;a&m*gykd;awG@wm w e,f/ ao;rl'aJ us;e,f&dS &Gmaygi;f 7 qifh xdik ;f aq;±Hrk sm;od@k yd@k aqmifppf aus;e,f oHk;av;ckavmuf t pnf;t&Hk; autJef,luydwfyif ponfh rD;zdak csmifpm;oH;k ukerf sm;udk
a,mufyJ? usefwJh 59a,muf u &GmwGif jzpfyGm;aejcif;jzpf+yD; xkda' aq;oGm;rnfjzpf+yD; vuf&Sdtcsdef vm;wl ul;pufa&m*g jzpfyGm;cJhzl; vdkufonf[k xdka'ow0dkufwGif óudwif0,f,lpkaqmif;xm;&+yD;
bmvuQ % mrS ray:bl ; ? tJ ' g owGif a'ocHvlxk 1˜800 0ef; wGif xkad &m*gu;l pufru _ dk xde;f csKyf aomfvnf; ,ckuo hJ @kd ul;pufrE_ e_ ;f aexdkifolrsm;u ajymonf? xdka'otwGif;&Sd pm;aomufukef
a=umifh &moDwyk af uG; ('grrS [kw)f usif&Sd&m tv,fwef;ausmif;w Ekdif&eftwGuf a'owGif; aq;0ef rjrefonfhtjyif a&m*gjzpfyGm;r_ xdka'oonf autJef rsm;rS m ,cif u xuf aps;E_ e f ;
H5N1 vm;? H1N1 vm;aygh? ausmif;rS ausmif;olausmif;om; xrf;rsm;u aus;&GmtwGif;odk@ vnf; jyif;xefr_r&Sd[k od&onf? ,l wyfr[m(5)/ zmyGecf ±dik t f wGi;f ydrk jkd rifw
h ufvmonf[k 'G,v f ;kd òrdŒ
avmavmq,f wkyfauG;wckck (173)OD; teuf (60)OD; a&m*gul; uGif;qif;+yD; ynmay;r_rsm;/ aqG; Ô wnf&Sd+yD; ,if;odk@ ydwfyif&jcif;t e,f/ rJa0&GmolwOD;u ajymonf?
jzpfEkdifw,fvkd@ usaemfwdk@ ,lq puf c H & ojzif h ,ck t csd e f w G i f aEG;r_rsm; vkyfaqmifvSsuf&Sdonf ay:a'oqdkif&m autJeft,fvf olu “'Dvrf;udkydwf
at wyfrSL;wOD;u autdkifpDudk awmhr,fqdkwm teD;w0dkufrSm&Sd
u&ifvxl k7 7˜˜000ausmf pm;eyf&u
d mQ ,ckvkd ajymonf? wJhvlxkawGudk autJef,lbufu
“'DaubDateJ@ etz óudwiftoday;xm;wmawmh &Sd
wyfawGu usaemfwdk@ wyfr[m w,f? usrwdk@vnf; vdktyffwJhpm;
jywfvyfró_ uHae& (5)udk xdk;ppfqifawmhr,fvdk@ o oHk;ukefawGudk óud+yD;0,fpkxm;&
wif ; &xm;wJ h t ay:rS m ppf q if w,f? tJvdkjzpfawmh ukefaps;E_ef;
pufwifbmv 14&uf? a&;twGuf ppfvufeufypPnf; awG u vnf ; tqrwef wuf
apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD) awG / wyf & d u Q m awG u d k 'D v rf ; w,f? qm;wtdwfqdk&if 4˜000
u&ifjynfe,f/ zmyGefc a=umif;uaeyJ olwdk@o,faqmif usyfuae 7˜000usyftxd wuf
±dkifrSbl;odkESifh vlaomòrdŒe,ft &r,f? aemufwcku [wf}uD; w,f? 'Dvdk0,fxm;awmhvnf; r
wGif;&Sd u&ifvlxk 7˜000ausmf qnfeJ@ywfouf+yD; taumift awmfwq wdkufyGJawGjzpfvdk@ 'grS
onf 2009ckESpfvqef;ydkif;rSpI xnfazmfwJhtcg vHkòcHa&;twGuf r[kwfvrf;ydwfwkef;rSm oGm;vm
,cktcsdeftxd pm;eyf&duQmjywf 'Dum;vrf;udkyJolwdk@toHk;ðy&rSm vd@k r&jzpfae&if pm;a&;aomufa&;
vyfr_ jy\emrsm;ESifh&ifqdkifae jzpf w ,f ? 'ga=umif h ol w d k @ enf;enf;cHomwmaygh”[k ajym
&onf[k od&onf? toHk;ðyEkdifwJh 'Dum;vrf;udk ydwf onf?
tqdyk g u&ifvl xkrsm; vdkuf&wmjzpfw,f”[k qdkonf? xdu k pd EP iS hf ywfoufI 'D
onf ‚if;wdk@tajccs&mae&yf&if; =o*kwfv (17)&ufae@ aubDat (999)wyfr[mrS wyf
rsm;Y ppftpdk;&wyfrsm;. e,f wGif autJef,lwyfr[m(5)u &if;rSL;wOD;udk qufoG,far;jref;
ajrpdk;rdk;a&;v_yf&Sm;r_a=umifh eD;pyf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; ac:,l+yD; &m “autJef,lwyfr[m (6)eJ@
&mawmwGif;odk@ r=umc%ykef; Photo-KIC zmyGef-urarmif; um;vrf;udk wyfr[m(5)udk 'DaubDatu
a&Smifajymif;a&$ŒaexdkifcJh&mrS ae zmyGefc±kdifrS awmif,mpyg;cif; jrifuGif;wckudk Todk@awG@& puf w if b mv(1)&uf a e@rS p I oGm;+yD; xd;k ppfqifz@kd qw kd m usaemf
&mtwnf w usr&S d b J rd o m;pk um;/ qdkifu,f/ pufbD;/ vSnf;ESifh wdk@vnf;tckxdbmrSrod&ao;
0rf ; pm awmif , mpyg;rsm;ES i f h usvdkuf? ºuGufusvdkufeJ@ pm;eyf acsmufrxdbl;av? tJ'Dawmh &Gm oGm;a&mufulnDay;r_awG&Sdw,f?
&dumQ u jywfvyfvm+yD; tckEpS q f kd om;awG u ºuG u f o wf a q;eJ @ aemuf olwdk@tcsif;csif;u vnf; vlrsm;roGm;vm=u&ef/ ‚if;um; bl;”[kjyefvnfajz=um;cJo h nf?
aumufyo J ;D ESrH sm; rpdu k yf sK;d Edik jf cif; vrf;ab;ESpfzuf udkuf(100) ywf +yD;cJhonfh =o*kwfvqef;
tjyif pdkufcif;wGifydk;usjcif;rsm; iwfvm&wJh tajctaexdjzpfvm owfzdk@ pOf;pm;vm=uw,f? us &S d w J h q ef e J @ tjcm;pm;p&mud k r
w,f”[k autJef,l zmyGefc±dkif aemfwdk@taeeJ@u ºuGufowfaq; avmufriS cGJa0pm;aomuf=u& vnftwGif; oGm;vmv_yf&Sm;jcif; ydkif;u autJeft,fvfat wyfzGJ@
a=umifh ,ckvkd &dumQ jywfvyfr&_ if rðy&ef/ 1995ckESpfrSpI um;vrf; tpnf ; ta0;ðyvk y f c J h + yD ; aemuf
qdkifóuHawG@&jcif; jzpfonf? twGif;a&;rSL; y'dkapmxl;v,f [m vlawGtwGufvnf; tE W w,f”[k ajymonf?
0g;u autdkifpDudk ajymonf? &m,f & S d a wmh pD p Of a y;zd k @ cuf a e pDtdkif'DauyDtaejzifh ab;wGifvma&mufaexdkif=uol wyfr[m(5)taejzifh ta&;ay:t
“pm;eyf&duQm jywfvyf rsm;taejzifh ,cifae&yf&if;&Gm pnf;ta0;ac:,lqHk; jzwfcJh=ujcif;
r_jzpfwmawmh +yD;cJw h EhJ pS rf mS &Sad wmh xdka'o&Sd pyg;cif;rsm; w,f”[k apmxl;v,f0g;u qdk ,ck pm;eyf&duQmjy\emESifh &if
wG i f ºuG u f u sr_ r sm;rS m ES p f p Of onf? qdkifaeaom bl;odkESifh vlaom a[mif ; ae&mod k @ jyef v nf a &$ Œ jzpf+yD; ‚if;um;vrf;udk tenf;qHk;
&Sdw,f? 'gayr,fh 'DESpfuawmhydk ajymif;ay;&ef qHk;jzwfn$ef=um; Edk0ifbmvtxd ydwfyifxm;rnf
rsm;vmw,f? 'Da'ouvlxkawG tenf;ESifh trsm;jzpfwwfaomf XmaerJhjynfwGif; u&if òrdŒe,frS'kuQa&muf u&ifjynfol
vnf; ºuGufrsm;udkaxmifacsmuf 'kuQonfrsm;qdkif&m aumfrwD rsm;twGuf EdkifiHwuma&muf u cJo
h nf? [k cef@rSef;xm;=uaomfvnf; t
[m etzppfwyfudk tawG@rcH&J ,ckvdk um;vrf;ydwf wdtusudkrl ajymqdkEkdifjcif; r&Sd
=uwJholawG/ ppfwyfuolwdk@&Gm oH k ; umzsuf q D ; owf j zwf a omf (pDtdkif'DauyD). twGif;a&;rSL; &if r sm;ES i f h tjcm;vl o m;pmem
vnf; taumifao;onft h wGuf apmpwdAfuvnf; “vlxkawG'k axmufxm;onfh Edik if w H umrS t vkdufjcif;a=umifh xdkvrf;udktoHk; ao;ay? Ô
udak &mufvm&if olw@kd ua&Smifae
vdkufw,f? ppfwyfu pcef;tajc xda&mufr_r&SdbJ tcsKdŒvlxkrSm uQa&mufwmawmh trSeyf ?J t&if zG J @ tpnf ; rsm;xH wif j yawmif ;
usvdk@rajymif;awmholwdk@vnf; ºuGufowfaq;rsm; ulnDay;&ef uw&uf q d k & if qef ð ywf E S p f c g qdkum qufvufulnDay;oGm; vlxkrsm;aexdkif&modk@ etzppf òrdŒe,fY zmyGepf cef;xdik f etzwyf
ae&yfjyefr&awmhbl;? wcgppfwyf awmif;qdkvmonftxd pdkufysKd; aomuf & r,f h t pm; tck w cg rnfjzpfa=umif; apmpwdAu f quf wyfrsm;0ifa&mufae&m,lonfh &if; (6)&if;ESifh vlaomòrdŒe,fwGif
u v_y&f mS ;r_xyfw;kd &if olw@kd uw a&;rSm qdk;&Gm;vmonf[k od& avmufyJ aomuf&wmawmh&Sd ajymonf? twGuf jynfolrsm;upOfhuvsm; ppfuGyfuJa&;XmecsKyf(3) enf;AsL
jcm;ae&mud k x yf a &$ Œ ? 'D v d k e J @ yJ onf? w,f ? 'gayr,f h iwf w J h t qif h zmyGefc±dkif&Sd bl;odkESifh jzpfum ,cktcsed x f t
d wnfwus [mtrSwf(1)ESifh(3)vufatmuf
awmif,mawG/ v,fawGujkd zpfo “ºuG u f a wG [ m t avmufawmh r&Sdao;bl;ayghaemf? vlaomòrdŒe,fwGif &Gmaygif; 264 aexdkifEkdifjcif;r&SdbJa&$Œajymif;ae cH w yf & if ; (8)&if ; wd k @ tajcpd k u f
vdkvkyf&aeawmh pyg;u xifo aumif a o;vG e f ; awmh axmif bmjzpfvJqdkawmh usaemfwdk@tzGJ@ &Gm&S+d yD; vGecf o hJ nfh 1997 ckEpS rf pS I xdik af e&onf? v_yf&Sm;vSsuf&Sdonf? Ô
avmuf rpm;&bl;? aemuf pyg;ydk; acsmufudkwufeif;rdvnf; axmif awG wwfEdkifoavmufolwdk@udk tqdkyga'o&Sd uGif;e,fajra'o&Sd vuf&t dS csed w
f iG f bl;odk
u&ifowif;pOf/ pufwifbmv/ 2009 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 4
autJe,
f l Akv
d af vmif;oifwef;qif;yJ+G yD;pD; 'DaubDatwyfom;
pufwifbm 13&uf? apmodef;jrifh csay;cJhjcif;jzpf+yD; ,cifoifwef; vku d +f yD”[k qdo k nf? a&;rSm vkyfoGm;olawGvdk usaemf (3)OD; autJe,
f l zrf;rd
(autkdifpD) rsm;ESifh E_dif;,SOfvSsif tcsdeft=um 2008ckESpf/ ZlvdkifvrS vnf; wku d cf u dk af &;bufrmS vkypf
u&iftrsK;d om;tpnf; qkH;ESifh bmom&yftrsm;qkH;jzpf pwifziG v hf pS cf o
hJ nfh 15v=um ‚if; &m&Swd m vkyo f mG ;rSmyJ? u&ifah wmf
pufwifbmv 2&uf? pkaqmif;cH&olrsm;jzpf=u+y;D Ekid if w H
t±Hk;(autJef,l). A[dktqifh onf[kvnf; oifwef;ausmif; Adkvfoifwef;qif;yGJwGif autJef vSefa&;tay:/ acgif;aqmiftay:/
apmodef;jrifh (autkdifpD) umu owfrw S x f m;onfh uav;
ðyvkycf o hJ nfh Adv
k af vmif;oifwef; tkyjf zpfonfh autJet f ,fvaf trS t,fvfat ppfOD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf rdbjynfoltay: uwdopPmay; autJef,l wyfr[m ppfom;t&G,o f m &Sod nft h wGuf
qif;yGJudk pufwifbmv 11&uf 'kAdkvfrSL;}uD;apm'l;u ajymonf? }uD;apmrl wl;ap;zdk;u oifwef; xm;wJt h wkid ;f u&ifah wmfveS af &;
(7)e,fajrwGif =o*kwfv 31&uf autJef,ltaejzifh ‚if;wdk@jzpfcsif
ae@u wyfr[m (5)e,fajrwGif “t&ifwkef;u junior atmifjrifco hJ l Adv k af vmif; 36OD;udk atmifjrifwt hJ xd usaemfvyk o f mG ;
ae@u wkdufyJGjzpfyGm;cJh+yD;aemuf onf h oabmqEN t wk d i f ; om
usif;y+yD;pD;cJhonf? leaders course tqifah vmufyJ 'kAv kd wf qH yd w f yfay;um taumif; r,f”[k ajymonf? 'DaubDat wyfom; (3)OD;udk vku d af vsmoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; y'kd
,ck Adkvfavmif;oif &Sw
d ,f? tck OTS tqifah vmuf qk;H Akvd af vmif;qk/ avhusiahf &;xl; ,ckvdk A[dktqifh Adkvf
autJe, f u l zrf;qD;&rdvu kd o
f nf apmatmifarmfat;u ajymonf?
wef;onf trSwfpOf(4) apmbOD; &Sdw,f? t*Fvdyfacwfwkef;uqkd c|efqk/ vufajzmifhqk/ wyfpdyft avmif;oifwef;rsm;tjyif au [k od&onf? (15)rdepf=um jzpfyGm;cJh
}uD;wyfcGJjzpf+yD; oifwef;ðyvkyf& ajcmufvyJ? tck usaemfwkd@ oif vkduf acsr_ef;a&;qkESifh ZJGqkrsm;udk tJef,l wyfr[m/ wyf&if;tvdkuf xdkae@n oef;acgifausmf onfh tqkdygwkdufyJGwGif 'DaubD
jcif;. &nf&G,fcsufudk u&iftrsKd; wef;u wESpfausmf=umawmh ppf ay;tyfcs;D jr‡ichf o hJ nf? zGifhvSpfðyvkyfcJhonfh Adkvfavmif;
tcsdefwGif autJef,l wyfr[m atbufrS xdckdufusqkH;r_rsm; &SdcJh
om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf bufqkdif&m twwfynm Subj- oifwef;wGif xl;c|efqk oifwef; rsm;vnf;&S+d y;D vmrnfEh pS f
(7) vufatmufcw H yf&if; rsm;ESihf aomfvnf; autJe, f b l ufu xd
autJeft,fvfat AkdvfcsKyf}uD; 'DaubDat wyfr[m (555) wyf ckdufr_ r&Sda=umif; od&onf?
apmrlwl;ap;zkd;u oifwef;qif;yJG &if; (3)wd@k =um; wku d yf jGJ zpfymG ;cJ&h m ‚if ; wk d u f y J G j zpf y G m ;&m
wGif ,ckvdk ajymonf? ,if;wkdufyGJtwGif; 'DaubDatrS ae&monf +y;D cJo h nfh ZGev f wke;f u
“autJef,lu u&if wyfom; 1OD;usqkH;+yD; 2OD; '%f jrefrmppfwyfESifh 'DaubDat yl;
vlrsKd;&JŒ udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh &&Sdzkd@ &m&&Sdum 3OD;udk t&Sifzrf;qD;&rd aygif;wyffwdk@ odrf;ydkufEkdifcJhaom
twGuf +idrf;csrf;wJhenf;eJ@ ajz&Sif; onf[k autJef,l zm;tHc±kdif wyfr[m (7)e,fajrtwGif;&Sd ae
cJhayr,fh ppftpkd;&[m 'gudk xnfh OuUX y'kdapmatmifarmfat;u &mwae&mjzpf+y;D vuf&w dS iG f 'Dau
rpOf;pm;cJhbJ olwkd@wyftiftm;/ ajymonf? bDatwyfzJG@rsm;u 3v=um xdef;
vuf e uf t if t m;awG u d k jznf h “usaemf w d k @ vl a wG u csKyfxm;aomfvnf; r=umc% AkH;
qnf;cJw h ,f? wcsed w f nf;rSm olw@dk rkat;yludk jyefvmacsmif;=unfhwJh aygufuJGaeaoma=umifh 'DaubD
ppfom;awGu u&if&GmawGrSm0if tcsdefrSm wyfr[m(555) wyf&if; at &Jabmfrsm;rSm ,cktcsdefxd
vm+yD;awmh ESyd pf ufni‡ ;f yrf;r_awG/ (3)u 'DaubDatwyfzJG@ESifh xdyf xdcu dk af oqk;H r_rsm;ESihf &ifqikd v f sS uf
rk'drf;usifhwmawG vkyfaqmifvm wk d u f w k d ; +yD ; wd k u f y G J j zpf w myJ ? &Sdonf[k od&onf?
w,f? tJ'DzdESdyfr_ukd wGef;vSefEkdifzkd@ usaemfw@kd val wGu t&ifypfw,f? aomif&if;jrpfwavSsmuf
twGuf ppftwwfynmuudk us tJ'DrSm 1a,muf aooGm;+yD; 2 &Sd autJe, f l wyfr[m (7)e,fajr
aemfw@dk vkt d yfygw,f? tJ'ga=umifh a,muf '%f&m&w,f? 3a,muf jzpfonfh Edb k ;kd rS rJo
h a0gtxd 'Dau
'Dppftwwfynmudk wyf&if;/ wyf Photo-KIC awmh aoewfawGvi$ yhf pf+y;D acsmif; bDat wyfr[m (555)/ (999)ESihf
r[m/ A[kXd mecsKyftqifeh @J usaemf (autJef,l). A[dktqifh Adkvfavmif;oifwef; qif;yGJ xJqif;ajy;wJhtcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@ (999)opP m wnf w yf & if ; wd k @ u
wkd@ zGifhvSpfay;&wm jzpfw,f”[k vlawG 0ifzrf;vku d w f ,f”[k ajym wyftiftm; (300)jzifh v_yf&Sm;
ajymonf? ect tukefvkH;udk olwkd@&cJhw,f? tqif(h 1) &&Scd o
hJ l 'kAv
dk af pmEkid Ef idk f rsm;wGiv
f nf; ESppf OfEpS w
f idk ;f usi;f y onf? vSsu&f o dS vdk autJe, f l wyfr[m
oifwef;wGif autJef oifwef;om;tm;vkH;&JŒ óud;pm;r_ u “usaemf[m rxifrSwfbJ oif oGm;&ef (14)}udrfajrmuf autJef autJef,lrS zrf;qD;rd (7) vufatmufcH wyf&if;rsm;/
,l. tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh wdkufcdkufa&; uvnf ; txl ; yJ *k % f , l p &m wef;+yD;cgeD;rSm xdckduf'%f&m&cJh ,l nDvmcHwiG f qk;H jzwfxm;onf onfh 'DaubDatwyfom;rsm;rSm wyfr[m vkHòcHa&;wyfzJG@ESifh u&if
ESpfydkif;cGJum EkdifiHa&;ESifh ppfbuf aumif;ygw,f? 'Dae@up+yD; olwkd@ w,f? 'gayr,fh usaemf enf;enf; [k od&onf? apmzm;yvkd@wl; 13ESpf/ apmausm trsK;d om;umuG,af &;wyfrawmf
qkid &f m twwfynm oifwef;rsK;d pHk awG[m tem*wfacgi;f aqmifawG uav;rS pdw"f gwrf usb;l ? ppfom; Ô pde0f if; 16ESpEf iS hf apmxD;'k@d 17ESpw f @kd (autJe'f t D )dk rsm;vnf; v_y&f mS ;ae
udk bmom&yftvdu k f oif=um;yd@k d m usaemfw@dk todtrSwðf yyg qkdwm wkdufckdufzkd@twGufyJ? EkdifiH
qkw jzpf=u+yD; ‚if;wd@k onf 'DaubDat qJ jzpfonf? Ô
wyfz@GJ . twif;t"rR ppfom;opf

vufeuf}uD;i,f ypfcwfra_ =umifh &Gmom;rsm; xdwv


f ef@
pufwifbmv 17&uf? 0aus;&Gmukd vufeuf}uD;i,frsm; wmaygh”[k ‚if;rJhuome,fcHu awG@&w,f? +c/H v,fawGrmS tvkyf u&iftcsi;f csi;f ypfcwfra_ wG rjzpf (907)wyfzGJ@ESifh Akdvfat0rf; OD;pD;
eef;xl;pH(autkdifpD) jzifh ypfcwf+y;D aemuf wqufwnf; ajymonf? oGm;vkyzf @dk ? [if;oD;[if;&Guf vku
d f csifbl;? rae@u olwdk@('DaubD onfh (905) wyfcGJ(5)tzGJ@wdk@ =o
u&if j ynf e ,f & S d au wGif rJu h omok@d jyefvm&m cv,fh ,if;ypfcwfr_wGif rnf &Smpm;zkd@twGuf oGm;vmvkd@ r&J at)obm0rSm a&mufwm=um; *kwfv (30)&ufae@u pwif0if
tJef,l xdef;csKyf&m wyfr[m(6)/ wvGJ@xmh &Gmta&mufY awG@&Sd olwpkHwa,mufrS xdckduf'%f&m =ubl;? 'ghtjyif &Gmom;awGu awmh usaemfw@kd &mG eJ@ cyfa0;a0;w a&mufcJh&mrS ‚if;wdk@.aemufwGif
0if;a&;òrdŒe,f rJhuom*GifwGif 0if onfh &Gmom;rsm;ukd +cdrf;ajcmuf r&&Sdaomfvnf; &Gmol&Gmom;rsm; etzeJ@ 'DaubDatwyfawG olw@kd ae&mrSm a&Smifay;vku d af yr,fh tJ etz cv& (283) ppfa=umif;rsm;
a&mufv_yf&Sm;onfh etzwyfESifh onft h aejzifh vufeufi,fEiS hf t u tvkyftudkifESifh oGm;vma&; ukd ay:wmtjzpf ac:,lwmwdk@/ 'DaemufrmS olw@kd u &GmxJudk vSr;f u vku d yf gI ae&m0if,cl +hJ yD; vwf
'DaubDat wyfzGJ@wdk@u aus;&Gm csu(f 10)cef@ ypfcwfcahJ =umif; rJu h twGuf tawmfav;ukd a=umuf vkytf m;ckid ;f apwmwd@k vkyv f mrSm ypfwm? &Gmom;awGu a=umuf wavmtcsdefwGif etz cv&
twGif; vufeuf}uD;i,frsm;jzifh ome,fcw H OD;u autkid pf u D dk ,ck =uwmaygh”[k autkdifpDukd ajym (275)ESifh cr& (356)wyfzGJ@rsm;u
ypfcwfr_a=umifh &Gmol&Gmom;rsm; vkd ajymonf? oGm;onf? tqkdyg rJhuoma'owGif xyfrH
txdwfwvef@jzpfae=uonf[k “rae@u ae@vnfykdif; rJu
h om&Gmukd jyefvmzk@d acsmif;ul;wJt
h csed rf mS vGecf ohJ nfh pufwifbm a&muf&Sd v_yf&Sm;vsuf&Sdonf[k
od&onf? tcsed rf mS etz wyfe@J 'DaubDat autJet
f ,fvaf t wyf&if; (16)tzG@J &w
dS hJ (12)&ufae@u etz ajcvsifwyf autkdifpDu pkHprf;od&Sd&onf?
etz ajcjrefwyf&if;- Ak d v f a t0rf ; tzG J @ u rJ h u om &if; (356)rS ppfa=umif;wa=umif; ,if;yl;aygif;wyfzGJ@rsm;
cr& (356)rS wyfcGJ(4)ESifh 'DaubD atmuf ykid ;f obm0&GmrSm a&muf taemufjcrf;bufudk vufeuf}uD;/ vufeufi,fe@J ypfwm rJu
h omok@d wufvm&ef acsmif;qkH 0ifa&mufv_yf&Sm;onfhtcsdefrSpI
at (905)wyf&if;rS Akdvf}uD;at w,f? obm0&Gm&Jh wnfaqmuf &GmxJ0ifawmh &Gmom;awGu ajy;yke;f =uwmayghæ ESifh rdzvkdif;&Gm=um;ta&mufwGif rJ h u om&S d rl v wef ; ausmif ; w
0rf; OD;pD;onfh wyfcGJ(5)tzGJ@wdk@u ykHu rJhuomacsmif;ta&SŒjcrf;/ t autJet f ,fvaf t w&if;(16)t ausmif;ESihf aq;ay;cef;wvk;H ydwf
‚if;wdk@ 0ifa&mufv_yf&Sm;&m rJhu aemufjcrf; ESpyf idk ;f &Sw
d ,f? olw@kd u zGJ@ESifh wkdufyGJjzpfyGm;cJhum etz vkduf&+yD; ,ck tcsdefwGif 'DaubD
om*Gif obm0aus;&GmtwGif; obm0&Gm ta&SŒjcrf;rSm a&muf vef@ae=uonf[k ‚if;e,fcHu ukd pkd;&drf=uw,f” [k olu qdk bufrS (5)OD;ao;qk;H / (6)OD; '%f&m atwyfrsm;u ydwx f m;onfah q;
,refae@u M-79 vufeuf}uD; wm? rJ h u om&G m uk d jyef v mzk d @ qufvufajymqko d nf? onf? &&Scd +hJ yD; autJet f ,fvaf tbufrS cef;wGif pcef;csaexdik vf sS u&f odS nf
3vk;H ESihf vufeufi,f tcsu(f 30) acsmif;ul;wJhtcsdefrSm autJef “t&ifu rJhuom*Gif xkda'otwGif;&Sd au xdcu dk rf r_ &S[
d k Akv
d af pmbl@a*u qkd [k od&onf?
cef@ ypfcwfcJhjcif;a=umifh &Gmol&Gm t,fvfatwyf&if; (16)tzGJ@&SdwJh rSm autJet
f ,fvaf t wzG@J wnf; tJeft,fvfat wyf&if;(16)rS onf? Ô
om;rsm; a=umuf&GHŒxdwfvef@ae taemufjcrf;bufukd vufeuf &Sdwm? tck 'DaubDateJ@ etz wyfcGJ(2) 'kcGJrSL; Akdvfapmbl@a*u autJ e f , l xd e f ; csKyf
=ujcif;jzpfonf? }uD;/ vufeufi,feJ@ypfwm &GmxJ wyfawG ae&m0if,al wmh &Gmol&mG “usaemfw@kd c±kid rf mS txufv}l uD; e,fajr rJu h om*Giw f iG f Akv
d rf LS ;apm
xkdwyfzGJ@rsm;u obm 0ifawmh &Gmom;awGu ajy;yke;f =u om;awGtwGuf tawmftcuf awG ajymxm;wJt h wkid ;f usaemfw@kd aemfw,m OD;pD;onfh 'DaubDat
u&ifowif;pOf/ pufwifbmv/ 2009 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 5
(1) ðyvk d u f o nf h tcgYrl tm%m qkv d #if jynfe,ftqifrh mS vufw +idrf;csrf;pGm awmif;qkdaqmif&Guf o,HZmwrsm;rSm wae@xufw om; ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ukd 40 &m
aemufokd@ aiGu xyfvkdufvmjyef urf;r#om &Sdvsuf/ wEkdifiHvkH; vmolrsm;tm; t"rR òzdciG ;f acsre_ ;f ae@ av#mhyg;crf;ajcmufavavqkd ckdifE_ef;ay;yg[k acsmharmhazsmif;zs
tvkyform;/ v,form; onf? 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if wH idk ;f Y atmif twkdif;twmaqmifonfh &mxl; a&;rSm ‚if;wk@d tzk@d ta&;t}uD;qk;H onfukd tem*wf Armjynftm; urf;vSrf;vkdufonfhtoHukd em;
aumif;pm;a&; aºuG;a=umfatmf jrifaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Siw f idk ;f ae&mrsm;wGifyg 0ifa&mufta&G;cH vkyfief;yif jzpfavonf? tarG qufcH&rnfholrsm;taejzifh uavmpGm =um;vkduf&onf? xkd
[pfvsuf ‚if;wk@d ppftyk pf Ek iS hf vuf yif Ekid if aH &;e,fo@dk ajcvSr;f jyifvm Ekdifrnf jzpfavonf? tm%m&SifawGukd ouf odjrif=uzkd@aumif;+yD jzpfonf? toHonf vlxk. toHr[kwf?
yg;aprsm; }uD;yGm;wkd;wufa&;ukd wwf=uonfh tpOftvm&Sd.? tm%mukd w&m;enf; qk;d &Snaf p&ef taxmuftulðyae ppf t k y f p k t m; pD ; yG m ; rnf onfh jynfov l x l uk r# ol@udk
om OD;wnfcJhaom ArmEkdifiH tm rdrd. pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; vrf;wus&,lEkdifa&;vrf;a=umif; onfrmS aiGyifjzpfonf? tm%m& a&;t& ydwfqkd@'%fcwf ta&;,l xkdokd@ urf;vSrf;&ef rif;'dwfay;
%modrf;ppftkyfpk. acwfOD;awmf ykdrkdwkd;wufzkd@omru rdrdb0 &yf onf tvSnfhtywf tauG@t zk@d twGuf a&G;aumufyJG 0ifEidk af &;/ r_ukd tar&duef qDedwfwmu vkdufjcif;r&Sd? ppftkyfpkwkd@. ceJ@òyH;
vSefa&;aumifpDacwfESifh rqv wnfr_ ykrd jdk rifrh m;a&; ar#mrf eS ;f csuf aumufr&Sd/ xif;ae &Sif;ae.? pnf;±kH;rJqG,f&mwGif aiGa=u;rsm; y,fzsufvkdae.? xkdqDedwfwm ESifh oa&mfarmfum; t=unfhrsm;
acwfrSm aiGrsm;w&m;Ekdifaom }uD;olrsm;rSm vlxktusKd;ðyvkyf tm%m&&S d a &; t"d u vk d t yf pGm okH;pGJuscH&ovkd/ tm%m&+yD; rSm Armjynfolwkd@. epfemcsufukd ukd t&SufrJhpGmcH,l&if; ajrmif;xJ
acwf/ ynmwwf vl,Ofaus;wkd@ ief;rsm;Y aiGa=u;xnfh0ifvSL'gef; onfrSm ±kd;om;r_/ óud;pm;r_/ pdwf onfhaemufwGifvnf; wl;azmf/ em;rvnfoal wmh r[kw?f tqdyf vdro hf mG ;rnfh toH&iS o
f m jzpfav
aemufaumufus+yD; olckd; "m;jy/ jcif;/ A[kokwºuG,f0ol/ pum; &if;apwemaumif;xm;&Sdr_/ qkH; wnfaqmuf/ xkwfvkyf/ jzef@jzL;/ yiftm; aygif;oifa&avmif;ay; onf?
jynfhwefqmacgif;/ avmif;upm; ajymaumif;ol jzpfvmatmif pm jzwfcsuf rSefuef/ jrefqef/ ckdifrmr_ ul;oef;a&mif;0,f ponfhvkyfief; ygu ol@twGuf rnfIrnfr# & tawG;tac: wxGm
'kdif/ rl;,pfaq;0g;a&mif;ol/ tok rsm;rsm; zwf±r_ w S of m;jcif;/ r*Fvm ESifh wm0ef,lwwfr_yif jzpfonf? e,fy,ftoD;oD;Y v_yf&Sm;vkd=u Ekdifrnfqkdonfukd wGufcsufwwf wrkdufr#ESifh rjzpfnpfus,f vlpGm
b,mOfarmif;olwkd@vkd vlrsm;yif aqmif/ tokb/ arG;ae@yGJESifh tdrf aom pD;yGm;a&;orm;wk@d xrH S wHp;dk aom ukd,fusKd;=unfhorm;om vkyfcsifolwa,mufuvnf; ppf
v#if aiG&Sdv#if vl&m0if wGifus,f opfwufyrJG usef rdru d dk rzdwrf =d u (3) vmbf v mbrsm;&&S d j yef o nf ? jzpfonf? olonf ,cif qDedwf tk y f p k v uf a tmuf tm%muk d
Ekdifaomacwf/ wcsdefu rnfolr# onfhwkdif oifhwifhavsmufywf uGufausmfjrifwwfaom pD;yGm; wm tcsKd@ukd arG;cJhzl;onfh ppftkyf rufum/ a&G;aumufy0JG if+yD; ae&m
rvkyfukdifvkd=uaom oabFm}uD; aom vufaqmifypPn;f rsm; ay;yk@d wkdif;jynfaumif;usKd; a&; vkyfief;&Siftrsm;tjym;yif pk. vkyf±kd;vkyfpOftwkdif;/ ppftkyf ,l ukd,fusKd;&SmEkdifa&; [kda,mif
ulvD ac: oabFmukef;ywfwkduf/ jcif;/ wav;wpm; oGm;a&muful wu,f w rf ; vk d v m;pG m aqmif tvm;tvmaumif;aom EkdifiH pkxHrSaum pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;&Sif a,mif onfa,mifa,mif aqmif;
ypP n f ; o,f / taxG a xG t vk y f nDyg0ifjcif;/ rdrdouf0if,kH=unf &Gufcsifaom rdrdwkd@. apwemo a&;orm;ukd arG;wwf=u.? rdrd }uD;rsm;xHrSyg vmbfvmbrsm; yg;wyk'fa&;vmonfukd rsufaph
=urf;rsm;vkyf&onfh avSxkd;/ v$ &m bmomtvku d f apwDyx k ;dk / bk abmxm;ESifh/ pdwful;xm;onfh wkd@ arG;xm;aom EkdifiHa&;orm; vufcH&&Sd&ef aocsmaeolvnf; aemufpGm zwfvkduf&jyefonf?

tm%maemufuaiG aiGaemufutm%m
M. xufacgif
atmifjrifausm=f um;r_ aemufo@dk aiGu vku d w
f wf+yD;/ aiGaemufo@dk tm%mu vku d v
f mavh&o dS nf? tm%mukd vufuidk ðf yvku d of nfh
tcgYrl tm%maemufo@dk aiGu xyfvu dk v
f mjyefonf? 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if w
H idk ;f Y atmifjrifaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Siw
f idk ;f yif
Ekid if aH &;e,fo@dk ajcvSr;f jyifvmwwf=uonfh tpOftvm&S. d æ
wk d u f vl r k d u f t vk y f r sKd ; rsm;rS m &m;ausmif;rsm;/ bmoma&;/ ,Of vkyif ef;tpDtpOfrsm;ukd taumif tm%m&&SEd idk af &; pnf;±k;H v_@H aqmf jzpfavonf? a&G;aumufyGJ0if&eftwGuf 2008
vnf; rqv. csKyfukdifr_atmuf aus;r_ txdrf;trSwfyGJvrf;rsm; txnfazmfEkdif&eftwGuf vkyfykdif r_rsm;wGiv f nf; aiGa=u;tajrmuf ArmEkdifiHukd '%fcwf zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ukd axmufcH
wDAGD0,fcGifh/ um;0,fcGifh/ om; okd@ oGm;a&mufvsuf/ rsufrSef; cGifhtm%m&Sdzkd@ vkdonf? rnfr#yif trsm; tukeftuscH &if;ESD;wwf ydwfqkd@v#if ppftkyfpk. acgif;ykH &rnfjzpfovkd a':atmifqef;pk
r,m;xH aiGykd@cGifhawG&I oabFm wrf;rdol tcsi;f csi;f rdwaf qGz@JG jcif;/ apwem&Sad omfvnf; vkyyf idk cf iG hf r =uonf? pDrHudef;cs &if;ESD;xm;o jzwfr_atmuf qif;&JwGif;eufae =unfESifh tJeft,f'DygwD. wnf
om; [laomtrnfjzifh rkd;usa&$ vuf & S d óuH a wG @ ae&aom jynf &Sv
d #if xda&mufpmG vkyI f r&? vkyf r# aocsmaom tusKd;tjrwf &&Sd =uaom Armjynfolvlxk}uD;ukd &Sdr_ukd odtrSwfðyzkd@vkdonf[k
ukdvkd wzl;zl;tr_wfcH=u&onfh wGi;f jynfyvlra_ &;/ Ekid if aH &;tajc ykid cf iG t
hf m%m tppftrSeo f nf vl Ekid af tmifvnf;vkyw f wf=uonf? rnf okd@r# rxdckduf? ppftkyfpk. ‚if;u a&;onf? xkdtcsuf 2csuf
acwf/ &yfuGufxJ zJvnf±kdufae taersm;ESifhywfoufI jy\em xkxrH S qif;ouf.? vlxo k nf rdrd rSef;csufESifh ESrf;xGufukdufrnf aiG0ifvrf;ukdom xdckdufrnf jzpf ukd vufcHum a&G;aumufyGJ 0if
wwfol/ ab;xkdifbkajym tvkyf ajz&Sif;Ekdifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;/ o wkd@ ,kH=unfav;pm;ol wpkHwOD;/ r[kwf[k ,lqv#ifawmh apmpD; onf? '%fcwfydwf qkd@r_rðyygu a&mufolrsm;tm; wkdif;&if;om;
r&Sd 109/ 110 ajcovkH; tdrfwkdif abmxm; tjrifrsm;ukd ES;D aESmwkid f wpkwzGJ@ukd rdrdwkd@. qENoabm pGmyif aemufqkwfwwf=uonf? vlxktzkd@ rnfonfhtusKd;tjrwf vufeufukdiftzGJ@awGu ,kH=unf
orm;tcsKd@ rqv. aumuf,l yifjcif;/ tm;upm;toif;tzGJ@ xm;tay: uk, d pf m;ðyEkid rf nfh uk, d f xkd@a=umifhvnf; tcsKd@EkdifiHa&; u r# r&±kHru ppftkyfpk. tEkdifusifh =urnf [ k v nf ; qk d o nf ? rnf
arG;pm;vku d rf a_ =umifh ygw, D el pf±;Hk rsm;/ bmoma&; toif;tzGJ@rsm;/ pm;vS,t f jzpf a&G;cs,u f m/ rdrw d @dk pm;uGufrsm;rSm pD;yGm;a&;orm; zdpD;ESdyfpufr_ukd ESpfaygif;=um&Snf onfh wkdif;&if;om;ur# olajym
'&rf 0 rf / jymwmb0rS w qif h rdcifESifh uav;apmifha&Smufa&; tm;vk;H tusK;d &Sad pa&; aqmif&u G f wkd@. vuf&mrsm; a&maxG;yg0if pGmwkd;I cH=u&zkd@om &Sdavonf? ovkd ppftkyfpkESifh ywfoufonfh
&yfuGuf OuUXawG twGif;a&;rSL; toif;tzGJ@rsm;tygt0if ynm cGiahf y;jcif; jzpfonf? xku d o hJ @dk vlxk aejcif; jzpfonf? tar&duef qDedwfwm Armjynf udpPrSefor#ukd ,kH=unftm;xm;
awG jzpfvmI wynfhwyef;rsm;/ a&;/ usef;rma&; taxmuftul u pdwq f ENtav#muf =unfjzLpGm tm%mukd vufeufjzifh ok@d omG ;onfrmS tkb d m;rm; tpk;d & oabmusaxmuf c H j cif ; r&S d ? p
t}uHtzefrsm;jzifh ESpftenf;i,f ðyvkyfief;rsm;Y pdwfygvufyg ap ay;tyfaom w&m;0ifvkyfykdifcGifh t"rRodrf;,lcJhaom ArmEkdifiH ppf tzGJ@ESifh rqkdifa=umif;/ ol@oabm um;vkH; tokH;tE_ef;utp ppf
twGif; aomif;ausmf/ odef;ausmf wem&Sd&Sd vltm;/ aiGtm; yl;aygif; tm%mukd &&Sd&ef enf;vrf;wus tkyfpktaejzifh ‚if;wkd@ tm%m ol o G m ;a&muf j cif ; jzpf a =umif ; tkyfpk u|efeH@oif;aeolyDyD/ 2008
wefum;awG 0,fpD;Ekdifvmum yg0ifjcif;wkd@jzifh trsm;u wav; óud;pm;&,l=uolrsm; &So d uJo h @dk t qufvufwnf+rJEidk af &; usm;uef owif;rsm;ay:xGufcJhaomfvnf; zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'tm; wkdif;
ukefonf}uD;rsm;/ ukr`%Dykdif&Sif wpm; todtrSwfðyvmatmif csK@d yk*K~ v d rf sm;uawmh rvdrw hf ywf ay;Ekdifrnfh 0doravmborm; aemufykdif;rSmawmh tkdbm;rm;ESifh &if;om;tzGJ@rsm;uyg axmufcH
rsm;u atmuf ó ud Œ =u&onf h vkyfwwf=uonf? aumufuspaf om enf;rsK;d pkjH zifh t jynfypD;yGm;a&; vkyif ef;&Si}f uD;rsm; tcsw d t f quf&adS =umif; wpGe;f w aeoa,mif/ wkdif;&if;om;rsm;.
acwf/ Al;awmif;epfI apmif;jcrf; A[kokw&Sd+yD; tm0Z…ef; "rR&,lwwf=uonf? xkdokd@ rw ESifh yvJeHyoifhaeonfrSm tHh=op pawG@vm&onf? tar&duwkduf qENvnf; yg0ifaeoa,mif vuf
ay:onfhacwf jzpf.? aumif;ol/ acwfynmwwfjzpfo/l &m;&,l v k d u f o nf h tm%muk d &mr[kwf? jynfypD;yGm;a&;orm; . pD;yGm;ysufuyfukd xdxda&muf eufuidk w f idk ;f &if;om;rsm;ukd rvdrhf
rqv. i,farG;+cHayguf tv$mtoD;oD;ESifh ESD;aESmajymqkd vnf; vlxkvufrcHaeonfh t rsm;onf ppftyk pf . k vky&f yfrsm; vl a&muf ru,fwifEkdifao;onfh wywf ckwkH;vkyfvkdufjcif;yif jzpf
u|ef&if;jzpfaom e0w etzESifh Ekid of rl sm;rSm trsm;wum. av; =um;rSyif t&Surf phJ mG qkyu f idk x f m; xktay: Y w&m;onf rw&m; tjyif/ ArmEkdifiHta=umif; xJxJ avonf?
‚if;wkd@atmuf om;aygufrsm;jzpf pm;,kH=unfr_ukd ykdrkd&&Sd+yD;/ òrdŒe,f =u&if; &moufyef tm%m&Sirf sm; onfukd xnfhrwGuf/ ‚if;wkd@xnfh 0if0ifavhvmodrSwf xm;jcif;r&Sd tJeft,f'Dukd todt
onfh }uHŒzG@H prG ;f tm;&Siw f @dk acwfrmS twGi;f vuf&t dS yk cf sKyfa&; wm0ef tjzpf t"Ge@f &n S pf mG &yfwnfEidk af &; wGufonfrSm jynfwGif;u vlxk aom tkdbm;rm;tzkd@ ppftkyfpk. rSwfðyzkd@ vkdonfqkdjcif;rSm 1990
rl urBmt&yf&yf rnfonfhEkdifiHESifh ,lxm;aom tm%mykdifrsm;uyg óud;pm;wwf=uonf? aum urB m h E k d i f i H t rsm;pk u yg tvdrftnmatmuf trSm;rSm; jynf h a &G ; aumuf y G J Y t±_ H ; }uD ;
r#rwl wrlxl;jcm;pGmyif ppf,leD ‚if;wkd@ae&mukd vkEkdifonfholt ‚if;wkd@. touftkd; axmufcHr_rðy=uonfh ppftkyfpk t,Gif;,Gif; qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;jzifh ±_H;cJh+yD;/ aemufxyfwzef ukd,fhzJ
azmif;0wf olckd;/ "m;jy/ olawmif; jzpf owdxm;vm=u&rnf jzpf tdrf/ pnf;pdrfrsm;txdyg; rcH&ap . taetxm;tay: tcG i f h urBmhtv,f t&SufwuGJ rjzpf ukd,f uvzefxkd;um ukd,fwkdif
pm;wk@d aumif;pm;rif;rlaomacwf/ onf? a&;/ vlxktay: xm0pOf Akdvfus aumif; ,lum/ Armhu|ef;/ a&$/ a& apa&; txl;yif *±kpkdufzkd@&ef vkd csKd; ukd,fwkdifa0rnfh a&G;aumufyGJ
yg;uGut f m%mom;wk@d tvSL}uD; tm%mykid rf sm;ukd oifh v$rf;rkd;Ekdifa&;twGuf ‚if;wkd@ vkyf eH/ obm0"mwfaiG@rsm;uk/d ppftyk f tyfrnf jzpfavonf? okd@0if&ef [efjyifaeaom ppftkyf
ay;aomacwf jzpfavonf? wifhr#wpGm qufqHvsuf/ ‚if;wkd@ aqmifr_rsm;Y tcuftcJ twm; pku atmufaps;jzifh av#mha&mif; pk v uf u k d i f wk w f r sm;twG u f
ESiyhf ;l aygi;f I vnf;aumif;/ ‚if;wk@d tqD; taESmuft,Suf wpkHw aeonfh=um;u ‚if;wkd@ tjrwf (4) &nf&G,fjcif;om jzpfonf? vuf
(2 ) vk y f i ef ; rsm;uk d ul n D I vnf ; &m awG@óuH&v#ifvnf; rnfonfh rsm;rsm;&Ekdifa&; tqrwef aps; uk d i f w k w f r sm; oabmxm;u
aumif; pnf;±kH;qGJac:Ekdifrnfqkd yk*K~ vd u f rdk qkd enf;rsK;d pkjH zifh z,f&mS ; ESdrf&,l&efyif jzpfavonf? olckd; ppf t k y f p k usif ; yrnf h ppftkyfpktvkdus a':atmifqef;
atmifjrifausmf=um;r_ ygu wpxufwp axmufcHr_ &Sif;vif;ypf&ef 0efrav;wwf=u? aps;ESifh&onfukd rauseyfEkdifyJ a&G;aumufyGJukd 0ifrnf[k avoH pk=unf. tcef;u¾ukd azsmuf
aemufokd@ aiGu vkdufwwf+yD;/ aiG rsm; ykdI &vmrnfjzpfonf? &yf ‚if;wk@d twGuf tenf;i,fr# txd tvum; rl;wif;aps;jzifh &Ekdifa&; ypfaeaom EkdifiHa&;orm;wOD;xH zsufcsifae=uonf? vufawG@rSm
aemufokd@ tm%mu vkdufvm uGufvl}uD;tjzpfrS òrdŒe,fvl}uD;/ yg;rcHEkdifaom udpPukd/ trsm;t wG u f qwwf = u.? ppf t k y f p k rS ppftkyfpktm; wyfrawmfu awmh rnfokd@r#azsmufzsufI r&?
avh&Sdonf? tm%mukd vufukdif xkrd w S qifh c±kid o f @dk a&muf&o dS mG ;+yD usdK;twGuf apwema&SŒxm;+yD; oufqkd; &Snfavav Armjynfu tm%m 60&mckdifE_ef;,lyg/ t&yf pmrsufESm (11) odk@ æ
u&ifowif;pOf/ pufwifbmv/ 2009 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 6
ySR*h>0DcGJ;,m
uvkm'l.cGJ;,m'D;
'H>rd.jch.pH.
uMwLI (13) tbhO (9) vgpJ;yxhbUO< 2009 eHO Volume(13) Issue(9) September, 2009

ok;uh(5)[DOu0D:yl: wIxDO'k; p;xDO


vgpJ;yxhb>.f (24)oD? th.)f ok;wz.f [l;*JRtgxD.0f 'J .f';D pDRus>R'd.f pH;0J “cJtRH v>y[D.u f 'k;pJ;_yJ;zd uJxD.f'D; yok;&h.fwz.f etz'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f vgpJ;yxhb>.f (12)oDteHRph>f
egxlp.f (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) t0JtRH rh>f t0Jo.h f w>f&.J wf >fusJR 0DRylR etzok;}wdR(11) tySR td.0f 'J .fvRD $ wrh>w
f >f';k z;'d.b
f .f$ ok;ymfzSd.fwz.ftHR 'ft0Joh.f ok; uD; zge>f'.H f wDc.d &f .d rf 0J J 'H.cf .h bf .H f
unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.fu&> td.fymfCmfv> uxD.f'k; ok;uh cr&(216)'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fok; yrh>fu>G fv> toh.f0J ok;ymfzSd.fw w>f&J.fw>fusJRtd.ftod; [D.fu0DR th.f ok;wzk Ekmv f RD 0Jv> xH'.d x f .f
(ch.ftJ.f,l.f)˜ ok;uh(5)[D.f u0DR (5)tHRt*D>f p;xD.frR0J'.ft*h>f (666)/ (333)/ (777)ok;&‹.fw z.f [l;*JRtgxD.f'ftHR ywJohv> v>tEkmv f RD [l;*JR0Jwz.f Ekmv
f RD 0J o0DylR'D; c;oH0Jo0Dzd pDRxd.fuH.f
ylR p;xD.fzJvg wbh.f (vgpJ;yxh ok;uh(5) ok;*h>f0Dcd.f wJb.fch.f z.f tok;weDR˜ ymfz.dS x f .D t
f o;'D; t0Joh.f p;xD.frRzsgxD.f tw>f&J.f qlo0DRwz.ftylR'D; rR0J w>fx> (35)eH.fw*R v>o0DC>R oJ;
b>.f)tHR vgxD.ftuwD>f etz tJ.fpH.ftHRe‹.fvDR$ EkmfvDR[l;*JRtgxD.f v>blod.f w>fusJR v>urRw>fxD.f'k; v>y ql.o f ;k ˜ xlw>D o
f 0Dzw d z.f˜ 'D;vDR usD;ylRt*h>f oh.fngb.fcDzsd ch.ftJ.f
'D; unDb;k ';ok; u&>('H.cf .h b
f .H f ok;*h>f0Dcd.f ok;cd.f'd.fzd uD>fq.fylRwyRvDR$ tCde‹.f w>f [D.fu0DRylRtHRvDR$” 0J rh.fyd>fv> o0Dzdwz.f [;xD.f ,l.f xk;xD.fymfzsg0J w>fupD.ft
yxH.fb.f etz uv>R td.fqDvDRo; zJz.fyl.fuD>f&›.f ok;uh(5) vJRvDRusJwz.f˜ usDRwz.ftylR Cde‹.fvDR$
trJmfng zJvgpJ;yxhb>.f (18) cDzsdv> etz'D; 'H.fch.f
oDteHR t0Joh.fvJRql rJRul.fx.f bH.fth.f EkmfvDR[l;*JRtgxD.f'fe‹.f
o0D v>ttd.fv>blod.fuD>q.f tCd w>f';k pJ;_yJ;wz.f uJx.D 0f 'J ;D
[D.u f 0DRylR'D; c;oH0J o0Dzd unD ok;uh(5)[D.fu0DR ch.ftJ.ftJvf
o;p>f v>to;eH.ftd.f (17)eH.f th.f ok;&‹.f (102)tySRwz.f w
w*Rt*h>f [D.fu0DRzdw*R pH;0J vD>fvD>f'D; [D.fu0DRv> t0Joh.f
'.fe‹.fvDR$ (etz 'D;'H.cf .h b f .H tf .h )f [l;*JRvJR
“t0J o h . f tw>f [ l ; xD.fuhRvDR ol0Jwdmfwz.f ch.ftJ.f
w>f*JRtHR [D.fu0DRurs>>fwz.f tJvfth.f rR[;*DRuGHmf0Jt*h>f oh.f
wk>fb.fw>f e;'d.fr;vDR$ zJvgw ngb.fe‹.fvDR$
bh.ftHR (18)oDteHR c;oH0J rJR etz 'D;'H.fch.fbH.fth.f
ul.fx.f o0Dzd uFDRzgwdRvDR$ ySR wz.ftHR wcsL;wkR (2010)w>f
o;p>ft0Je‹.f rh>fySRv> wJw>fw Ckx>'H;tuwD>f uD>fq>[D.fu
oh˜ we>f[lw>fb.fw*R˜ cDzsdv> 0DRv> ch.ftJ.f,l.fy>Cmfwz.f 'f
tud;tDR we>f[lb.ftCd c; od;t0Joh.f y>qS>0Jue‹>ft*D>f p;
oH0J'.fvDR$ w>fvD>fv>t0Joh.f xD.fv> vg,lRtuwD>f xD.f'k;rR
Ekmv f RD [l;*JRwz.ftylR 'D;vDRCmf e‹>f0J'.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh(7)w>f
0J rh.fyd>f v>o0DuydmfuyR˜ v> vD>f0HRtvD>fcH p;xD.fwvgngtHR
usJcd.f˜ v>usDylR'D; v>xHu>.f tuwD>f EkmfvDR[l;*JRxD.f'k;uhR
eHRwz.fvRD $ wb.f'yd RS eDw*Rb.f ok;uh(6)˜ ok;uh(5)[D.fu0DRw
oemfuh b.f'doH o0Dzdwz.f t z.ftCd w>f'k;uJxD.f0J'D; ch.ftJ.f
ye>f'D; xd; wbsL;'lngvDR” t tJvt f .h o
f ;k &‹.w
f z.f wvD>v f >D tf
*h>f [D.fu0DRzdw*Re‹.f wJ0J'.fvDR$ *h>f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$
Photo-KIC
v>w>fe‹.ftrJmfng zJ

chOtJO,lO yBwPD ok;cdOzdwIr:vdysItrl;0H:vH


vgpJ ; yxh b >.f 13 oD ? vDRo;t*D>f ybSg&SJvDRtDR v> w>feRD z;0J ch.t f .J ,
f .l f w>fy>w>fjy; v>mfe.‹ f t0Joh.fe>‹ fb.fvDR$ ySRxD.f uwDRqdok;cd.fzd v>t*hRuw>>f wz.f';D rd>yf >fyRS urs>>fwz.ftod;
pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) w>frkmfw>fck.ftusJoemfuh ok;rDR 'D; w>f'k;w>f,RcHcge‹.fvDR$ xH±l>f w>frRvdzdwz.f tw>f*kmfusJ;p>; cd.fz;/ zsd;pdv>w>frRvdrR'd;ylRcd.f ,urRwkRv> unDw>fy>>fq>
unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.fu pd&dRy'd.f wy>Ekmfw>foh.fwz.ftHR uD>foJ; 'D;ok;tw>fohw>fb.fw xJ;*H>fxJ;bgph>fuD; rh>fw>fymfyeD.f z;/ pkbs>cd.fz;/ rRe>Rw>fv>ok; rRe>Rw>fwpk”t*h>fe‹.f t0JpH;0J
&> (ch.ftJ.f,l.f) vD>fc>.fo;ty v>tw>fqdurd.ftylRb.f$ rhrh>f z.f b.fw>fod.fvdtDR vHmfwbsK; ymfuJtDRohe.‹ fvDR$ p;xD.frk>fweHR ,JRw,JRcd.fz;'D; ySRv>to;o '.fe‹.fvDR$
wD>f &J.uf sJR0J y}wDmo f ;k cd.zf d w>frR wcD rRtgxD.f tok;*H>fbg'D; pk bh.f 'D;rh>fxd.fo}wDR'D;w>fod.fvd tHR yymfyeD.ft0Joh.f 'fcgqlng [D.f*hR cd.fz;wz.fe‹.fvDR$ vD>fc>.fo;tywD>f u
vdw>fys>ftrl; b.fw>frR vRuyDR u0JR*H>fbgwz.fvDR$ wuwD>fCD v>tylRuGHmfe‹.f w>fod.fvdwbsD cd.fe>fwz.f” t*h>fe‹.f t0JpH;0J'.f zJw>frRvdbsD0JtHR ySR wDRqd ok;cd.fzdw>frRvd'ftHR t
tDR zJvgpJ;yxhb>.f 11oD zJok; e‹.f t0Jo.h o f ;k wz.f Ekmv
f RD v>u 0JtHR w>fq>uwD>f,Hmf'D; od.fvd e‹.fvDR$ v>te‹>fzsd;pduw>>fcd.fz;(1) ok; rJmfng ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh˜ ok;&h.f
uh(5) [D.fu0DRylRe‹.fvDR$ nDo0DylR 'D;rR0Jw>frRqgrRy,GJ 0J vHmfvJ>ftguw>>ft*h>fe‹.f w>f y}wDmfok;cd.fzdw>f cd.fzd('kAdkvf) pDReJ.feJ.f pH;0Jv> wbh.pf mk pf mk yf Rl td;xD.0f 'J .f uwDR
uwDRqdok;cd.fzdw>f 'D;w>frRw&Dwygoh.w f z.fvRD $ 'f od.fvduFdcd.f ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f ok; rRvdtHR b.fw>fp;xD.ftd;xD.ftDR “,Re‹.f v>wymfo;ylR zJw>frR qdok;cd.fzdw>frRvdwz.f td.f0J'.f
rRvdtHR rh>f0JeD>f*H>f(4) pDRb;tluFH od;uqD.fzsd;uGHmf w>fqD.fbH.fqD.f cd.f'd.f*D>f*h>f pDR'l pH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ zJ 2008 vg,lRvH ,Hmf0J 15 vg vdbl;u0HRtcgeh.f ,b.f'deh.f 'D;eH.fv>u[J urR0Jud;eH.f'J;t
ok;'h 'D;b.fC;w>frRvdbsDtHR b>oh.fwz.ftHRt*D>fy0Joh.fwz.f “v>nge‹.ftd.fxJ jun 'D; zJw>frRvRuyDRw>fod.fvd vDR$ oemfuh ,o;o[D.fwvDR *D>fe‹.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f cDu&J; 14 bsD
w>fynd.ef .‹ f unDw>fx.l zf sJ;ok;rk>f yvd.fb.f ok;tw>fohw>fb.fe‹.f ior leaders course ty ys>ftrl;tcg ok;cd.fus>>fpd pDRrlwl p>fewD pJ;b.f$ ok;zdp;H w>fe.‹ f u'k; w>ft.d zf .dS yf Rl q>wJmyf mf0J td.0f 'J .f
'd.f (ch.t
f .J t
f vJ t
f .h )f ok;cd.u f s>>fpd vDR$ tCde‹.f ytd;xD.fe‹>f ok;t wD>fvDR$ cJtHRxD.fwkRv> OTS phzd [h.fvRuyDR0J uwDRqdok; w>ft*D>fvDR$ 'fySRrRw>fv> xH±l>f e‹.f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$
pDRrlwlphzd uwdRvDRw>fzJ w>fys>f w>fohw>fb.fv> ok;&h.f˜ ok;uh tywD>fe.‹ fvDR$ zJtJuvH;tpdRe‹.f cd.fzd 36 *R v>tzsdxD.fw>frRvd uD>foJ; td.f0Jtod;e‹.f ,Jph>fuD;
vDR w>frRvdtrl;tcg t0JpH;0J 'D;vD>fc>.fo;tywD>f” t*h>f t0J ,Hm0f J 6 vgvDR$ cJtRH yw>fo.d v f d wz.f'D; xDe‹>f0Jok;cd.f,DR 2 ok; w>f'k;w>f,Rt*D>f 'f,w>frRtd.f
v> “ch.ftJ.f,l.fe‹.f 'fod;unDu pH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ e‹.f,Hmf0J weH.fbsJ.ftCd b.fxJ'G D; w>fyeD.f wu;b.ftrJmfng [h.f tod;e‹.f ,urRvDR$ 'f,t>.f
vkmf u'd;e‹>fb.f eD>fup>fw>fy> b.fC;w>frRvdbsD0t J RH ok;tw>fohw>fb.f Subject cJ 0J w>frRvRuyDRcd.fz;wz.ff ql vDRwh>fvH unDw>fy>>fq>cd.fe>f
unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgpJ;yxhbX./2009eH./ubsH;yR=1
xH'Od tCd [HOtzsUO 500 COCOvD:bsUuGPH ql,yS:uvkP
vgpJ;yxhb>.f 11oD? [H.fwz.f vDRbs>uGHmf0J'ftHR”t obs›(tJ.fuFH.ftd.f)wz.f/ uFJ;cF‹.f e‹.f rh>fb.fuDb.fcJ'ftHRe‹.f rw*R
ch.ftJ.fpH.f
weDo&H.u f >D q
f .fyRl xH
*h>f t0J wJb.fch.ftJ.fpH.fe‹.fvDR$
uF d v >tvD R bs>uG H m f
eH.f 'D;ySR*h>f0Du&>wz.f ymfvDRe‹>f
tvD>t f .d v
f >D q
f ;d wpd>w
f vD>f zJoD
r; w[JrRp>Rw>fb.f$ cJtHR[JrR
p>R0J'.f”t*h>ef .‹ f t0J wJu'D0'J .f
unDvU,tJO
usd xH'd.fxD.fwkRv> vgpJ;yxh wz.fe.‹ f wDRzk.f'D;wDRxDuFdtzs>.f cgzF.f v>td.fv>w>fvl>fcd.f'D; [h.f e‹.fvDR$
b>.f 8 oDtCd uFw d z.f';D [H.t f tge‹.fte‹.f [D.fcd.f'D
zs>.f 500 C.fC.f vDRbs>uGHmft bh.f ySRrRw>fzdu&> (ILO) 'D;bD á ql,ySRuvkmfunD
*h>ef .‹ f 'fv>D u
f 0DRw>fupD.yf mfzsg t rhIwk:vU cJt:H e>O utdO0J'O cHEo HG UEGv
H ?H tCdeO> rk>fp>zSd.fu&> w>f*kRxD.fyoDxD.f ud;*R ol.fxD.fuhRxHuD>f
od; oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ weDo7HOusd b;cDwy: o0DvUtbl;vUtdOzJ [DOcdO w>f&J.fw>fusJR (UNDP) tySR ymfuhRyo; wzs>.fCD
zJtylRuGmH f p;xD.zf J vg upD:vD:zkOwzOyl: udawzO'D; yS:[HOwzO c>.fp;oh.fwz.fph>fuD; [JwkRorH w>fzk.fxD okwol.fxD.f
tDulmf w0mfe.‹ f cDzsdv> rlcd.fplR'd.f vD:bsUuGmH 0f 'J t
f :H ord;Ckoh.fngw>f0HR'D; rhrh>fv> xH.fpd w>frRe>RzDuDGR
wv>tCd weDo&H.fusdylR xHySJR vD>fu0DRySRb.frlb.f'gwz.f orH uv>ySJR yuD>funD$
wv>'D; weDo&H.fuD>fcD bsH;uD>f ord;rRvDRwH>f0J ySRoHp&D tz>rk>f
q.fylR o0Dtzs>.f 90/ uFdtzs>.f 80'D; xHoh.fwz.f xD.f0J'.fwkR rRp>R0J w>ftD.f/ uoH.fuoD 'D; e‹.f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$
80'D; [H.ftzs>.f 500 C.fC.f v>yFH.fwD.fpl; usJrk>fz;'d.fv> t w>fv>tvd.fb.fwz.fe‹.f vD>fu o0Dv>xHv>k b f >wz.fe.‹ f á qlxHuD>f*R unDzd
vDRbs>uGHmf0J'.ft*h>fe‹.f vD>fu0DR bs;pJ0J'D; bsH;'D; uD;oDwbde‹.f 0DRzdw*R wJ0J'ftHRe‹.fvDR$ rh>f0J ohbDtl/ uFD;vduFH/ uD;ruh/ zH;rRCkCkmfw>frRvd
zdw*R pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ upDRxD.f0J 4 yh.fC.fC.ftCd od “xHvk.fb>w>f'D; p; eD.fwJ.f/ oh.fwD/ wul/ o&;bGJ.f/ oh.fnguhR xHuD>fw>fvd.f
“w>fpRl plRvDR'd.f p;xD.f vh.f v>tvh>fxD.fvh>fvdRwz.fph>f xD.fzJvgtDulmftoD 20e‹.f u&> nD.fyh.fu$G oh.fwz.f'D; weDo&H.f xHuD>fw>fpH.fpdRwJpdR
zJvgtDulmf 15 oDvDR$ wkRv>cJ uD; b.fqduwD>fuHGmfwpd>fwvD>f tgzk [JwkR0J'.fvDR$ uoH.fo usdtHR wkRcJtHR xHwvDRoH;'H; &RvDRy0J ql[D.fcd.f
tHRe‹.f utd.f0J'.f cHEGH˜o>EGHvH e‹.f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ &.f/ o&.frk.fwz.f [h.f0J uoH.f b.f'D; w>fplR'H;0Jv> [D.fu0DRw rh>f,w>fxH.f w>frRvdmf$
tCde‹.f weDo&H.fusd b;cDwyR ySRb.fuDb.fcJzd v>t uoD 'D;ok;wz.f [h.f0J w>ftD.f z.f tz>rk>'f ;H e‹.o
f .h n
f gb.fe.‹ v
f RD $
o0Dv>tbl;v>td.f zJ[D.fcd.fu wl>fb.f xHvk.fb>wz.ft*D>f vD>f w>ftDe.‹ fvDR$ u&>obs›(tJ.fuFH.f
á qlySRxHerh>fvJReJ
pDRvDRzk.fwz.fylR uFdwz.f'D; ySR u0DRySRb.frlb.f'gwz.f/ u&> td.f)wz.fph>fuD; [J0JvDR$ v>ng
qlySRuD>ferh>fvJReJ
oh.feD.fxD.fy[JzJvJ.f
chOtJO,lO BwC
D Pu;wHIuGPH zOylO'D; ur;rDusrJ Ik okwo;rHuD>fyvJ
xHuD>fyvJRb.f[h.fvJ
rkmfyuD>fv>ytd.fzsJ.f$

á rh>fqdrd.f rSHRyS>fpH.fCJR
qlySRxHuD.f w-u>;vJR
w>fvDw>f0hR'D; w>fcJ.f
uvHmfe‹>f unDCJ;CJ;
wqdrd.fxH bH.fxD.frJmf
wkRySRuD.f uJySRtysJ>f$

á Ch>fxHw*hRunDzd
vl>fuD>fw*hRunDzd
ySRxHtd.fySRxH*h>fvdmf
ySRuD>ftd.fySRuD>f*h>fvdmf
Photo-KIC olvhRuD>fuwDRoud;
z.fyl.fuD>f&›.fylR o0DC>R w>fvD>fwcg ue‹>fuhRyw>fpH.fpdR$
vgpJ;yxhb>.f 9oD? ch.ftJ.fpH.f t*D > f t0J o h . f ub.f [ H ; e‹ > f 0 J v>tol0JusJrk>fwbdtHR wcsK; o;tq>uwD>f vJRxD.fuhRvDR
unDu>D pf .J f z.fy.l 'f ;D u w>fbH.fw>fb>'D; uolusJrk>fw v>vgtDulmfv>R'H;b.fe‹.f b.f wohtCd w>ftD.fw>ftDt*D>f ud á qlySRxHuD>f ewdmfvJR
r;rDusJrk>fwbde‹.f p;xD.fzJvgpJ; bdtHRe‹.fvDR$ tCde.‹ f usJrk>fwbd yS‹Rqdymfp>R0J w>ftD.f*H>fcD.fxH;w n.fwpJ;” t*h>ef .‹ f wJ0'J .fe.‹ v
f RD $ qlySR*RuD>f ewdmfvJR
yxhb>.fe‹.f unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.f v>t0Joh.f uol0J'.ftHR y}wD z.f'f tHo.f/ odtD.f/ rd>f*Hmfo.f/ y b.fC;'D;w>f*h>ftHR zJ w>ftd.frl b.fqDwvJ
u&> (ch.f tJ., f .l )f }wD0'J ;D u;wH>f Cmfu;wH>u f mHG 0f 'J .f”t*h>ef .‹ f wJ0J o>*DR yo>0gwz.ftCd vD>fu oHu>G f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh 999
uuDcJxJvJ.f xH.f,J
uGmH 0f 'J .f t*h>ef .‹ f vD>u
f 0DRzdwz.f '.fe‹.fvDR$ 0DRzJe.‹ f w>ft.D *f >H cf .D x
f ;H wz.f tySRh ok;&h.fcd.fw*Rtcg t0JpH;0Jv>
pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ zJvgtDulmf 17oD ch.f 'd.fxD.ftge‹>f'H; tylRuGHmft*h>fe‹.f “'H.fch.fbH.fth.fuvJREkmfvDR'k; ch.f
e;e‹>fuD>f v>ytd.fzsJ.f
[D.fu0DR0Je‹.f td.fol.f tJ.f,l.f ok;uh 5 ud;0J'.f*h>f0D>f 'G.J v f ud >D qf .f rJ0Rh o0Dzyd md rf .k w
f *R tJ.f,l.f ok;uh (5)'D; ok;uh (6) w>fzSD.frJmfxH b.fvDR0J$
qDvDRto;zJ ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh tlw>ft.d zf .dS 'f ;D q>wJm'f ;D eJ.f vDR0J pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ t*D>ef .‹ f y0J'.fwz.f wkRcJtRH yw
(5) z.fyl.fuD>fq.fylR'D; b.fC; v> p;xD.fzJ vgpJ;yxhb>.f 1 oD t0JpH;0Jv> “ uu; oh.fngw>feDwrHR'H;b.f”t*h>fe‹.f á xHv>rk>fxD.fu[Jud;
w>f}wDCmf u;wH>f0J'.fusJrk>fw e‹.f odvh.f/ qJ;uJ.f/ vh.f,D>f/ vh.f wH>u f mHG uf sJr>k w
f bdtRH t*D>f ch.t f .J f t0J pH;q>0J'.f e‹.fvDR$ uD>fv>rk>fxD.fu[Jud;
bdt*h>ftHR vD>fu0DR ch.ftJ.ftJvf 'D; ySR[;xD.u f Rh vDRwe‹>v>Rb.f$ ,l.f 'k;oh.fngqd0J ySRurs>>fv> zJtylRuGHmf vgtDulmf yvD>fo;qdrd.foud;
th.f ok;cd.fw*RwJb.f ch.ftJ.fpH.f usJrk>fwbdeh.f tuyRcHcDv>mf pDR td.fqd; zJvD>fu0DRtbl;wz.fe‹.f vgxD.fe‹.f ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f rR0J vlRw*hR{D.funDzd
v> “ ye‹>b f .f w>fupD.v f > etz pkR0J tuJ; 100 0;0;e‹.f ySR[; vDR$ y0Joh.fwz.f yyS‹Rqdymf0J*H>f w>ftd.fzSd.f0HRtvD>fcH ch.ftJ.f,l.f olvhRxHuD>ftw>fud;
'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fok;ymfzSd.f uxD.f xD.fuhRvDR weh>fv>Rb.ftCd ySR cD.fxH;w>ftD.f v>tvd.fwz.fe‹.f ok;uh (5) ud;0J *h>0f >D t
f w
l >ft.d zf .dS f
yxHuD>f-u>;ol.fxD.fqd$
'k; yok;uh(5) [D.u f 0DRtCd w>f v>[J t d . f y mf v > 1995 eH . f z J vDR$ uJx.D o f ;'fe.‹ t f Cd w>ftySR‹ rR0J w>fq>wJmfwz.f'D; w,mf0J
'k;&J.fusJRt*D>f t0Joh.f updmfcD0J usJrk>fuyRwz.f b.fuhRok;u'g wz.f xD.f0JwbsK;p;e‹.fvDR$ tH v>usJrk>f0Je‹.f uu;wH>fuGHmf0J
pku0JRw>fyD;w>fvD 'D;ok;w>ftD.f uhR to;v>o0DvD>fvHR v>t0J o.fwbd.fe‹.f 4000 uF; xD.fwkR tpSRu w>>fuwkRv>vged.f0h qlw>frRe>RzDw>.f$
wz.f cDzsduJsrk>fwbdtHReh.fvDR$ oh.f td.fqd;v>nge‹.f vDR$ v> 7000 uF;vDR$ yyS‹Rw>fuFg b>.foemfuh uwJ0JvDRwH>fvDR rkmf}wDRxHxD.fy>.f$
t*RwrHR b.fC;'D; [;uFHxHw cDzsdv>w>fu;wH>fuGHmf tHRtCd b.fwb.f w>f'k; rh>fuJ qJ; woh'H;b.fe‹.fvDR$
r>>f w>fwdmfusJR uuJxD.fvd.fxD.f usJrk>f'ftHRtCd vD>fu0DRurs>>f xD.f rhwrh>f zJusJrk>fu;wH>fuGHmf
unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgpJ;yxhbX./2009eH./ubsH;yR=2
ok;wI[l;*J:tCd ua'd ;D wIqg[HO bOu;wHIuGPH chOtJO,lO zDOcsK;
vgpJ;yxhb>.f 8oD? egxlp.f
(ch.ftJ.fpH.f)
ch.ftJ.f,l.fw>fy> 'lysmf
'HOchObHOthO 3*:
*DRe‹.f t0Joh.fwtJ.f'd;b.foemf
uh w>f'k; rh>fuJxD.fe‹.f t0Joh.ft
zd t vH R uuJ x D . f w rH R rH R e‹ . f
uwD>tf RH 'H.cf .h b
ok;wz.fe‹.f [H;e‹>fCmf0J w>fvD>f
t*>>ftus>R zJrJ>fuo;[D.fu0DR
f .H t
f .h f v> “ytd.fwuyRe‹.f yySRunD
u'J'J ywtJ.f'd; 'k;vdmfo;b.f$
urs>>fv>td.fzJtHRwz.fph>fuD; w
,RuD>f&h.f˜ 0D>f&DuD>fq.f˜ rJ>fuo; ysHR0J'.fvRD $ w>fqg[H.ef .‹ f rh>'f .fo ylR'D; rhrh>fv> etzcD.fok;&h.f 283 tJ.f'd;0Jv> w>f'k;uuJxD.fb.f$
[D.fu0DRylR p;xD.f zJvgtDulmf 0Dzdtw>fxJ;*H>fxJ;bg 'k;td.fxD.f ok;usdRcHusdRe‹.f [H;e‹>w f >fv>D zf J rJ; yuG>fw>fv>urs>>ft*D>ftCd 'f vgpJ;yxhb>.f 2 oD ? tod; rh>f'.f ok;zdo.ftod;t
vgv>mftuwD>f etz 'D;'H.fch.f 'D; cDzsdv>w>f td.fo;'ftHRtCd uo.ftvD>fcHwyR'D; ok;&h.fcd.f od;w>f'k; okwuJxD.fw*hRt*D>f pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) Cde‹.f 'ft0Joh.f w>fb.fo;tJ.f
bH.fth.f ok;wz.f EkmfvDR[l;*JR u;wH>fuHGmf0J'.f” t*h>fe‹.f vD>fu ok;cd.'f .d zf d rF;xdth teD>u f p>f b.f yzD.f*>>fCmf w>ftd.fo;oemfuh ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh (7) 'd;rR0Jtod; ch.ftJ.f,l.f u[h.f
qDvDRto;tCd vD>fu0DRylR wDR 0DRzdw*RCDe‹.f pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ y>qS>0J ok;ymfzSd.fcHuyRv>mf t v>w>ftd.fo;tHRtzDcd.f 'H.fch.f [D.fu0DRylR w>f'k;uJxD.f zJvgtD tDR tcG;J t*h>ef .‹ f y'd.f pDRtD.rf .D tf h
zk.fuFdwzs>.f 'D;w>fqg[H.fzdw bH.fth.f'D; etz ok;wz.f [H;e‹>f ulmf 31 oD0HRtvD>fcH ch.ftJ.f,l.f qJ;wJ0J'.fe‹.fvDR$
zs>.f b.fu;wH>fuHmG fto;t*h>fe.‹ f 'HOchObHOthO ok;wzO p;xDOEkmfvD:[H;e>O wIvDIzJ w>fcJG;w>f,mf'D; EkmfvDR[H;e‹>fw>f zD.fcsK; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;zd 3 w>f'k;v>,Hmf0J 15
'fvD>fu0DRzdwz.f wJ0Jtod;e‹.f rJ;uoO[DOu0D:yl: zJvgtDulmf toD 30 e>OvD:. vD>f”t*h>fe‹.f t0J qJ;wJ0J'.fe‹.f *Rt*h>f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ rH;eH;tHR 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fwyR w>f
oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ p;xDOzJe>O bOu;wHIuGHmf0J'O vDR$ zJrk>feHRt0Je‹.f rk>feRcD b.f'db.fxH;td.f0Joemfuh rhrh>f
zJvgtDulmf 30 oD 'H.f uad'D;wIqg[HOvD:.o0DzdwzO bO,dmf0JvU v>tylRuGHmfwvge‹.f z;zDrk>f wv>uGHmftcge‹.f ch.ftJ.f v>ch.t f .J ,
f .l w
f yR w>fb.f'b d .f
ch.fbH.fth.f 907 ok;wzkv> b.f wI'k;uuJxOD vD:. ch.t
f .J ,
f .l f ok;uh (6)'D; 'H.cf .h bf .H f ,l.f ok;uh (7) ok;&‹.ftySRwz.f xH; wtd.fb.fe‹.f oh.fngb.fe‹.f
w>fwDcd.f&d.frJtDRv> ok;cd.f'd.fzd th.f ok;cd.w f z.f w>.fy.D of ud;wh>f 'D;'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh 555 ok; vDR$
pDReD.fw,>f'D; etz cD.fok;&h.f cDzsdv> uFd'D;w>fqg *h>fe‹.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f 'lysmf,RuD>f&h.f 0J 'fod;unDu'J'J w>f'k;wuJ &‹.f(3)tb>.fp>R w>f'k;uJxD.f'D; w>f v D > f zJ w >f ' k ; uJ
283 ok;wzk v>b.fw>fwDcd.f&d.f [H.fwz.f b.fu;wH>fuGHmf'fe‹.ft eJ.f&JG.f wJb.f ch.ftJ.fpH.fe‹.fvDR$ xD.fw*hRt*D>f oemfuh 'H.fch.fbH.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fwyR ok;zdoHw*R xD.ftvD>ftHR rh>fw>fvD>fwwDR
rJtDRv> ok;cd.f'd.fzd rF;xdth Ekmf Cd vD>fu0DRzdwz.ft*D>f ql.fcs› “'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;w th.f rh>fvlRydmfxJ'G f etz eJ.fvDRt b.f'd 2 *R 'D;zD.fcsK; rle‹>f 3 *Rt zJtylRuGmH v f g,lRtuwD>f etz
vDR[H;e‹>ftvD>f zJrJ>fuo;[D.f w>ft;H xGu
J >G x
f JG vDR[d';D zdo.fw z.f EkmfvDR[H;e‹>fw>fvD>f zJrJ>fu od; rh>frRw>fxD.f'k;e‹.f 'fod;u *h>fe.‹ f ch.ftJ.f,l.f z.f t.fuD>f&.‹ fcd.f 'D;'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;ymfzSd.f xD.f'k;
u0DRylR'D; o0Dzdwz.f b.f,dmf0J z.f tw>frRvdrR'd;t*D>b f .f'0d o
J o;[D.fu0DRylRvDR$ t0Joh.f ok; rs>>fwz.f okwb.f'dw*hRt*D>f y'd.fpDRtD.frD.fth pH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ [H;e‹>f0J ok;uh 7 tcg'D; uwD>f
v> uuJxD.fw>f'k;'D; unDw>f emfuh w>ftd.fo;uwD>ftHR t0J tvD>fcH etz cD.fok;&h.f 283 ok; ch.ftJ.f,l.fwyR uwDRqdymfp>Rt “yySRoh.fwz.f zJy[J tHR 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f xD.f[H;e‹>fy>
xl.fzsJ;ok;rk>f'd.f ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f oh.f w>fbH.fw>fb>e‹.f t&h'd.fe‹>f usdR (1) 'D; (2) EkmfvDR[H;e‹>f w>f o;vHe‹.f ch.ftJ.f,l.fwyR pH;0J'.f uG>fclol.fw>f v>rk>fthylRtcg y Cmftd.f0J'.f 3 vgvHoemfuh
tCd u;wH>fuHGmf0J uFdwzs>.f'D; 'H; w>ft*Rt*h>f vD>fu0DRzdw*R vD>f zJwo J >zs>.fw>fv>D f v>wbl; e‹.fvDR$ wded.fvdmfo;'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f rh.fyd>f yd>fz;xD.fwvD>fvD>ftCd
w>fqg[H.fwzs>.ft*h>fe‹.f vD>fu CDe‹.f qJ;wJ0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ w,Hmf'D; rJ>fuo;vDR$ cD.fok;&h.f etz ok;rDRpd&dR 'fod; ok;uh 555 ok;&‹.f 3 tySRoh.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;wz.f wkRcJtHR
0DRzdw*R wJb.f ch.ftJ.fpH.f 'ftHR uFdv>w>fu;wH>fuGHmf 283 ok;cd.f'd.fzd rF;xdth teD>fu u[H;e‹>f[D.fu0DRw>f'd.fpdv> uD>f
vDR$ cJtHRwzs>.ftHR uFdzdwz.ftd.f0J p>f y>qS>0J 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fok;'D; t q>'DwwDRv> ch.ftJ.f,l.f [D.fu 'HOchObHOthO ok;uh 555 ok;7hO 3
“'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;w 100 C.fC.f'D; uFdo&.f o&.frk.f up>ftySRe‹.fvDR$ ok;v>td.fzJ 0DRwz.fue‹>ft*D>f p;xD.fzJ vg tyS:ohOwzO'D;
z.f p;xD.Ef mk v
f RD [H;e‹>w
f >fv>D zf J rJ>f td.f0J 6*R'D; rh>f'.fwDRzk.fuFdwkR e‹.fwz.f b.f[H;e‹>fw>fvD>fzJvJ.f ,lRvgxD.fe‹.f r>0J 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f
wI'k;uJxDOvD:.yyS:c;qd0J'OvD:.zJe>O oHw*:'D;
uo;[D.fu0DRylR zJvgtDulmf t v> 5wDRe‹.f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ 'f b.frRrEkRvJ.f w>foh.fwz.fe.‹ f t xD.vf >trJmn f g'D; xD.'f ;k 0J ch.tf .J f
oD 30 e‹.fvDR$ p;xD.fzJe.‹ f b.fu; e‹.ftod; w>fqg[H.fwzs>.fe‹.fph>f 0JeJ.fvDR0Je.‹ fvDR$ tCde.‹ f b.fu; ,l.f ok;uh(7) 0HRtvD>fcH uqJ; bO'dcH*:e>OvD:.rhrhItok;zd 3 *:e>O uGHmfvD:0J
wH>fuHGmf0J'.f uFd'D;w>fqg[H.fvDR$ uD; ql.fcs›t*D>f rJ>fuo;vD>fu0DR wH>fuGHmf uFd'D;w>fqg[H.f”t*h>f EkmfvDR'k;0J ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh (5) uso
d Oh wzO'D; ChIvD:0JvU xHusyd :l tqUuwDI
o0Dzdwz.f b.f,dmf0Jv> w>f'k; zdwz.f b.f'd;oe‹RxD.fto; tg e‹.f uD>f&h.feJ.f&JG.f pDRvH;pw.f pH;0J 'D; ok;uh (6)e‹.f w>fupD.f[lxD.f yyS:ohOwzO EkmfvD:zDO0J'O
uuJxD.fvDR$ t0Joh.f tzdtvHR uw>>fwzs>.fe.f oh.fngb.fe‹.f '.fe‹.fvDR$ e‹.fvDR$
wz.f tw>frRvdrR'd; ub.f[; vDR$ tge‹.fte‹.f t0JpH;0J wz.f'D; w>f'k;uJxD.fvDR$ yySRc; uG>fq>.frJmfb.f w>foHw>fyS>f'D;
qd 0 J ' .f v D R $ zJ e ‹ . f oH w *R'D ; w>fb.f'db.fxH;t*h>fe‹.f oh.fng
b.fe‹.fvDR$
v>pSRoDtwD>yf Rl ySRt*R(300)bs.J f w>fqgb.f*mfvmd o
f ; b.f'dcH*Re‹.fvDR$ rhrh>ftok;zd 3
*Re‹.f uGHmfvDR0Jusdoh.fwz.f'D;
Ch>fvDR0J v>xHusdylRtq>u
ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh 7
olrSJusd'Dwbd p;xD.fzJ ed.fbd
v>rkm}f wDRuD>&f .h t
f ylR wD>f yySRoh.w f z.f Ekmv
t*h>fe‹.ft0J pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$
f RD zD.0f 'J .f” wkRv> rJ>fo0De‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f
ok;uh 555/ 999 'D;999 oh;
'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;zd 3 p.fwJ.f (opPmwnf) ok;&‹.fw
vgpJ ; yxh b >.f 20oD ? vDR$ v>toD(10)twD>fylR b.f ch.ftJ.fpH.ftHRe‹.fvDR$ CmftDRe‹.fvDR$ *Rv> ch.ftJ.f,l.fzD.fcsK;wz.fe‹.f z.f *H>fbgutd.f0J 300 C.fC.f
egxlp.f (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) ulb.f*mf0J ySRt*R(300)bsJ.fe‹.f ySRv>t'd;e‹>f w>fqg ySRv>w>fqg b.f*mf pDRzgyvd.fxl 13 eH.f/ pDRuFDRph.f0h [l;*JR0J'.ftod;e‹.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f
unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.fu&> vDR$ b.fulb.fvdmfo; cs›oyS>f$ wz.f tgwuh>f w>fqgtyeD.fzsg tDRwz.f ql.fcs›ySRrRw>fzd uoH.f 16 eH.f 'D;pDRxH'd.f 17 eH.foh.fw ok;uh 7 tzDvmf ok;&‹.fwz.f˜
(ch.ftJ.f,l.f)w>fy>[D.fu0DR rkmf yorHord;uG>f ySRqgt*R (60) 0J egphRxH,RG ˜ ud;,k>fbdqg˜ ul; o&.f v>ttd.f ohrk'>[D.fu0DR˜ z.f'D; t0Joh.f 3 *Rv>mfe‹.f b.f ok;uhbH.fb>ok;wz.f 'D;unD
}wDRuD>f&h.f vlRoDuD>fq.ftylR w toGH.fwz.f 'fod;yuoh.fngb.f 'd.rf ;˜ rJmcf sx
H .D *f RD ˜ w>fu>d x
f .D ˜f cd.f wRtd.f'>o0DylR w>fqg[H.fwz.f w>fzD.fql.f'k;uJok;v> 'H.fch.fbH.f 'Duvkm*f >Ro;u&>(KNDO) ok;
vgtH R p;xD . f z J ( 11)tuwD > f rh>fw>fqgrEkmf'D; rh>fw>fn.f*d.fC>f o.fCHqg'd.fr;'D; w>fqgtHR b.f vJRuG>fxJG ulqg,gbsg v>ySRqg th.f'D; 'fxHuD>ftgbh.fymfyeD.f wz.f [l;*JR0J'.fe‹.fvDR$
*mfvdmfo; ySRv>ttd.fbl;wH>fw wz.f t[H.fwzs>.fpkmfpkmfoemfuh
bOulbOvdmo f ; csw
h ySI yorHord;bO z.f cs›'d.fr;tCd ySRqgweDRwl>f cDzsdv>w>fqgtHR uJxD.fo; o
b.f0J e;'d.fr;b.fq.f wkRv>w>f wl>fuvmf'D; b.fulb.f*mfvdmf w*hRt *D>f [D.u f 0DRuoH.f ySRb.f cJtRH o0Dzw d z.f o0Dwzs>.f';D w
yS:qgt*: (60) toGOH wzO 'fo;d yuohOngbO rlb.f'gwz.f td.f'D; w>fw>>fyD>f zs>.f okwvJR[;xD.fuhRvDRw*hR
oHw>fyS>ftywD>f wtd.f'H;b.ft o; cs›0J'.ftCd uoH.fuoDw
rhIwIqgrEkm'f ;D rhIwInO*dOCI tdO{g< bOqO *h>f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ v>wvD>f v>t0Joh.ft*D>fb.ft wJoud;˜ [h.furs>>f'lo0Dzdw 'D; w>fqg okw&Ro;tgxD.fw
yxHOe>OwInO*dOCI tdOxJw*:vD:. w>fqgt0JtHR uJxD.f *h>f oh.fngb.f cDzsdwRtd.f'>w>f z.f w>fod.fvd v>tb.fC;'D; *hRt*D>f y}wDCmftDRvH” t*h>f
o;v> vlRoDuD>fq.f oh.frl;'> qg[H.frl'gcd.f pDR!lR0h wJzsgxD.f w>ftd.fql.ftd.fcs› toe>.fwz.f pH;tgxD.f0J'.fvDR$
w>fqg v>tb.f*mfvdmfo;cs› td.{f g˜ b.fq.f yxH.ef >‹ f w>fn.f*>d f [D.fu0DR o0D(7)zs>.ftylR v>t tCde‹.fvDR$ t*h.f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ ylRuGHmf 2008 eH.ftwD>f
r;wcg v>w>fqdurd.ftDRv> C>f td.fxJw*RvDR$ ySRt*R(59) td.fpDRpkR,Hmf'D; z.fyl.f(rkmf}wDR)0h>f cJtHR 'fod; yuoh.fng uD>f&h.fql.fcs›rl'gcd.f pH; ylR rk.f}wDRuD>f&h.f/ 'GJ.fvduD>fq.f
trh>f wdu‹G (wkyfauG;)w>fqgw *Re‹.f rEkRw>fqgtw>fyeD.fr; w trH;vmf(30)bsJ.f'D; zJ[D.fu0DR b.f w>fqgv>tb.f*mftHR vDR 0J“t0JtHR rh>fw>fqgrEkRwu u0DR'd.f o>'l.fvH>G f'l.ftylR w>fqg
uvk m f u J x D . f o ;'D ; v>toD zsgb.f$ rh>fwdu‹G(wkyfauG;) H5 tHRtylR ySRurs>>feD>f*H>ftd.f0J'.f wH>fvDRqJ;t*D>f w>fvd.fv> w>f vkmfvJ.fe‹.f 'fod; yuoh.fngb.f 'ftHRwuvkmf uJxD.fo;td.f0J
(10)twD>fylR b.fulb.f*mf0J ySR N1 {g˜ rh>f H1N1{ge‹.f ywoh.f (1˜800)*Ruydmu f yDRe‹.v
f RD $ [D.f uorHord;uG>ftDRwz.f w>fu tq>t*D>f yu[H;e‹.f ySRqgv> b.fq.f b.f*mfvdmfo; wcs›'ftHR
urs>>fzd(300)bsJ.ft*h>f oh.fng ngb.f$ q>uwD>fcJtHR yymfyeD.f u0DRylR wDRc>.fo;uFdtd.f0Jwzs>.f qS>xD.fql uD>fq>uFD.fwJw>fqg twl>fb.fw>fqg te;uw>>f(4˜ b.f'D; w>fqguJxD.fo; 'd.f'd.frk>f
b.fe‹.fvDR$ Cmf v>urh>f wdu‹w G >fqgwu uFdzdeD>f*H>ftd.f (173)*Rtusg w>f [H.f 'D; uorHord;tDRvDRwH>fe‹.f 5)*R tu[;0HR'D; uqS>rRuG>f rk>f wxJod; 'ftuJxD.fo;bsDt
“w>fqgtHR p;xD.fuJ vkmfe‹.fvDR” t*h>f rkmf}wDRuD>f&h.f qgb.fulb.f*mf0J uFdzdt*R(60) vDR$ rhrh>fq>uwD>fcJtHR 'fod;'D; v>uFD.fwJ.fw>fqg[H.ft*D>f y&J.f 0JtHRb.ft*h>f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$
xD.fo;v> tylRuGHmfwEGHtwD>fylR ql.cf s›r'l gcd.f o&.f pDR0hu.DF f pH;b.f tCd cJtHR w>fymfy}wDRywkmfqd w>fqgtHR okw&RvDRto;v>R usJRymfp>RvHe‹.fvDR$ q>uwD>f
unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgpJ;yxhbX./2009eH./ubsH;yR=3
c;vD:uszd 'd ;D uszd ;'dOtCd o0Dzw
d zO ys:H wI unDursUI &<000 bsOJ
vgpJ;yxhb>.f 17oD?
egxlp.f(ch.ftJ.fpH.f)
0J zJob;0;o0D v>td.fzJ rJ>fu
o;tq>vmfe‹.fvDR$ ob;0;o
tCd o0Dzdwz.f uG>fq>.frJmfb.f
w>f u D ' d . f r ;vD R $ uvJ R rRw>f
zJtylRuGHmf vgpJ;yxh
b>.f 12 oD˜ etz cr& 356
uGIqUOrJPbO
unDuD>fpJ.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f
w>fy>tzDvmf zJok;uh(6) 0D>f&D
0D qDvDRo;e‹.f td.f0JcHuh˜ rJ;u
o.fxHusdrk>fxD.f 'D;rk>fEkmf td.f0J
v>pHmfylR˜ ck;ylR 'D;uCktD.fw>f'd;
w>fv.ft*D>f vJRuhRw>fwbl.f
ok;usdRwusdR u[JxD.fv> rJ>f
uo;[D.u f 0DRylR'D; zJ[w J Rk v>cDF wItDOwI*hIuD
uD>fq.f rJ>fuo;[D.fu0DRylR 'H.f cHuyRe.fvDR$ t0J oh.f[JwkRv> v>R b.f$ tge‹.fte‹.f o0Dzdwz.f pd.'f ;D rJ;ysJ>of 0Dtb>.fp>Rtcg w>f
vgpJ;yxhb>.f 14 oD/ vJmf ChxD.fuoH.frRoH,k>f td.f
ch.fbH.fth.f'D; etz ok;v>EkmfvDR ob;0;o0Dr>k xf .D w
f uyR uuhR b.f,d.f0Jv> etz 'D;'H.fch.fbH.f 'k;uJxD.fo;'D; KNLA 'D; etz
pDRcgqlng (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) xD.ftCd w>fol.fw>fzs;w>ftd.f
[l;*JRwz.f c;vDRusdzd'D;usdz;'d.f xD.fv> rJ;uo.ft*D>f zJcD*mf0JxH th.fok;wz.f ux>b.fzk;0J ySR0H wyR oH 5 *R'D; b.f'd 6*R˜ rhrh>f
unDuD>fpJ.f z.fyl.fuD>f o; e;xD.fe‹.f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$
zJo0DylRtCd o0Dzdwz.fzk;oHysD>f v> KNLAwyR w>fb.f'db.f
&h.f blod.f'D; vl>foDuD>fq.fylR “,k>fwz.fe‹.ft'kqH;
*DR 0J'.ft*h>fe.‹ f oh.fngb.fe.‹ fvDR$ wIc;vD:usdbsD0Je>O wbO'dyS:o0Dzd xH; wtd.fb.ft*h>f ok;cd.fzd pDR
unDurs>>f 7˜000 bsJ.f uG>fq>.f tCd rh>fvJR,D>fb.f w>f'd;,k>f
etz cr& 356 ok;'h bl.f*hR qJ;wJ0J'.fe‹.fvDR$
eDw*:bOoemfuh o0DzdwzO rJmfb.f w>ftD.fw>f*h>fuD p;xD.fzJ oemfuh wb.f0J'.fb.f$ tCd
(4) 'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;&h.f 905 'H . f c h . f b H . f t h . f o k ; &h . f
uzH;tDOr:tDOwIt*DI< uvJ:xDOuh:vD:t*DI eH.f 2009 xD.fwkRv>uwD>ftHRt o0Dzdwz.f w>fqdrd.f[Jtd.fxD.f
v> ok;cd.f*D>f*h>f th0g(at0rf;) (90&)v>ok;cd.f'd.fzd pDReD.fw,>f
uJxDOwIzk;oHysDI*D:z;'dOt*hIe>O *h>fe‹.f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ v>uol0J uoH.frRoH,k>fe.‹ fvDR$
wDcd.f&d.frJ0J ok;'h(5)wz.f EkmfvDR wDcd.f&d.frJwzk'D; 905 ok;'h (5)
vDIu0D:zdw*:0Je>O qJ;wJ0J'OY cDzsdv> ok;rDRpd&dRok; y0Jt*D>f uoH.frRoH,k>fe‹.f w>f
[l;*JR0Jv> rJ>fuo;[D.fu0DR˜ c; v>b.fw>f wDcd.f&d.frJtDRv> ok;
wz.f rRvJ>fxD.f[D.fu0DRw>f'd.fpd b.f,dmf td.fv>ySRurs>>ft*D>ft
vDR0J M 79 usdz;'d.f 3zs>.f';D usd cd.f*D>f*h>f th0gwzk p;xD.fEkmfvDR0J
w>f[l;w>f*JRv> [D.fu0DRwz.f Cd uusJRe‹>t f *D>f rh>w
f >fuw
D >fc”J
zd txH.f 30 C.fC.f zJob;0; usdtcg c;pd0J (KNLA) ok;&h.f w>fzd(yD;w.f)'D; ySRrRw>fzdv> u '.f v>rJ>fuo;[D.fu0DR v>ch.f
e‹.ftylRtCd unDurs>>fwz.f t*h>fe‹.f pDRxlv>>f0g pH;0J'.fe‹.f
o0DylR zJr[gu>RtCd o0Dzdw 16 td.fw>fvD>f zJob;0;rk>fEkmfw b.fvJRrRe‹>ftw>f ” t*h>fe.‹ f t0J tJ., f .l f w>fy>[D.u f 0DRylR0HRtvD>f
w,HmfwrD>f Ch>ftd.fclol.fv>yS>fylR vDR$
z.f zk;oHysD>f*DR ysHRw>fe‹.fvDR$ yR'D; usdzd˜ usdz;'d.fwz.f vJREkmf pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ cH etz cv& 283 ok;usdRwz.f
td.fqd;vD>fusJwz.f w*>>fwus>R unDySRvD>ftd.furSHzd
ok;wz.fe‹.f c;vDR0J vDRv>o0DylRtCd o0Dzdwz.f zJ[D.fu0DR0Je‹.fKNLA [JEkmfydmfxGJxD.f [H;e‹>fw>fvD>f'D;
'D; [H.fzdCDzd utD.fb.ft*D>f w urH;wHmf CIDKP eJ.f&JG.f pDRpwH;
usdz;'d.f 'D;usdzdwz.fv> ob; ysHRw>f'D; Ch>ftd.fclol.f0J'.f” t*h>f ok;&h.f 16 ok;'h 2 cd.fok;cd.fzd pDR uwD>ftHR rJ>fuo;[D.fu0DRylR e
ol.fb.f0J bk'D; w>frk>fw>fbdwz.f pH;0Jv> “urs>>foh.fwz.f b.fuD
0;o0DylR 0HRtvD>fcH wuwD>fCD e‹.f vD>fu0DRzdw*RCD0Je.‹ f pH;0J'.f bl.f*hR pH;0Jv> “y[D.fu0DR uD>f tz cv& 275 'D; cr& 356
b.f trJmn f g w>fo.l w
f >fzs;tvD>f b.fcJe‹.f rh>fw>frh>fw>fwDvDR$ v>
zJt0Joh.f(etz'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f e‹.fvDR$ q.fylR 'fycd.fye>fwJymf0Jtod;e‹.f tok;wz.f [JEkmfvDRtgxD.f [l;
wz.fylR w>ftC>fvDRtCd uG>f nge‹.f rh>fb.ftDrhRcsDweHRcHbsD t
ok;) uhRxD.fqlrJ>fuo;'D; wkR w>fc;vDRusdbsD0Je‹.f ywtJ.f'd;v> y0JunDzdu'J'J *JR0J'.ft*h>fe‹.f ch.ftJ.fpH.f CkxH.f
q>.frJmfb.f w>ftD.fwtd.f w>f*h>f vD>f uwD>t f RH utDb.f0J weHRw
CDRzJ cs>.fwvGJ>fx.fo0DylRtcg wb.f'dySRo0Dzd eDw*Rb.foemf uc;vdmfo;b.f$ r[gu>Re‹.f y oh.fng0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$
uD'ftHRe‹.fvDR$ bsDe‹.fvDR$ b.fq.foemfuh wkR
xH.f0J o0Dzdwz.f'D; c;oD.fxD.f uh o0Dzdwz.f uzH;tD.frRtD.f e>f[lv> t0Joh.f('H.fch.fbH.fth.f) p;xD.fzJ etz 'D;'H.fch.f
usdzdtxH.f 10 C.fC.f rRysHR0J'.f w>f 'D;uvJRxD.fuhRvDRt*D>f uJ wkRv> ob;0;o0DylRe‹.f yok; bH.t f .h f ok;ymfz.dS f Ekmv f RD [l;*JRw>f
o0Dzdwz.ft*h>fe‹.f rJ>fuo;vD>f xD.f w>fzk;oHysD>f*DRz;'d.ft*h>f vD>f xD.fyo;v> w>fvD>fwwDRv>t v>rJ>fuo;[D.fu0DRe‹.f wDRzk.f vUtyl:uGHmfeHOwzOe>O wItDOwtdO
u0DRzdw*R wJb.f ch.ftJ.fpH.f 'f u0DRzdw*R0Je‹.f wJ0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ ,Hmf'D;o0D˜ y[;qSJ;t0Joh.fo uFdwzs>.f 'D;w>fqg[H.fwzs>.f wI*hIuDtdO0J'O oemfuh weHOngtH:
tHRe‹.fvDR$ “v>nge‹.f rJ>fuo; emfuh zJe‹.f0HRtvD>fcH t0Joh.fc; b.fu;wH>fuGHmfto;'D; uwD>f tg'dOxDOvD:.ursUIvU tdOvU[DOu0D:wzOtH:
“r[gu>R rk>fxl.ftcg [D.fu0DRylR td.fxJ KNLA wzk vDRpduhR y0Jv>o0DylRtCd o0D tHR 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f qDvDRtok;'D; cD;xHOto;'D; etz ok;wblOvU:bO.
e‹.f etz'D; 'H.cf .h b
f .H t
f .h f ok;cd.*f >D f {dRvDR$ cJtHR 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f'D; et zdwz.f zk;ysD>f'D; ysHRw>f”t*h>fe‹.f td.f0J'.f zJw>fqg[H.ftvD>fe‹.f
*h>f th0h(at0rf;) ok;wzk [JwkR z ok;wz.f EkmfvDR[H;e‹>fw>fvD>f t0J wJb.f ch.ftJ.fpH.f e‹.fvDR$ oh.fngb.fe.‹ fvDR$
“v>tylRuGHmfeH.fwz.f v>vDR'dtywD>f'k wtd.f'H;b.f$
e‹.f w>ftD.fwtd.f w>f*h>fuDtd.f0J b.frEkRtCdvJ.fe‹.f yu&> 'fw>f
tlzOa 'Ju0D:yl: wIqJ;oHvPd o;uJxOD yS:oHw*: '.f oemfuh weH.fngtHR tg'd.f
xD.fvDR$ urs>>fv> td.fv>[D.f
oh td.f'D;ySRtod; yvJRrRp>Rt0J
oh.fvDR$ tge‹.fte‹.f t0Joh.fu'J
u0DRwz.ftRH cD;xH.t f o;'D; et 'Jph>fuD; eDRtD.fvdmfo; [ko;'D;
vgpJ;yxhb>.f 10oD? z ok;wbl.fv>Rb.f$ etz ok; w>ftD.ft*R wv>wvD>f'fe.‹ ftd.f
pDRcgqlng (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) wz.f rh>[ f wJ Rk v> t0Jo.h o f 0De.‹ f 0J'.f”t*h>fe‹.f t0JpH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$
uD>fuFD.fwJ.f'D;uD>fy,DR t0Jo.h [ f ;qS;J td.v f >w>fcs>e‹.v f RD $ 'fod;uqJ;[h.frRp>R unDySRb.f
uD>fq> w;cfuD>fq.f tlzF.fb.fuD ok;wz.f qDvDRtok; w>fvD>f'D; uDb.fcJzdv> bkod.f'D; vl>foDuD>f
b.fcJ'Ju0DR u0DR'h (8)ylR w*DR wok;v>Rb.ftCd o0Dzdwz.f q.fylR v>uG>fq>.frJmfb.f w>ftD.f
tHR 5 e.f&H.f C.fC.ftq>uwD>f vJRu'guhRv>t0Jo.h f tw>fv>D f w>f*h>fuDtHRt*D>f CIDKP u&>
e‹.f w>fqJ;vdmfo;'D;'DuJxD.f 'D; wbl.fv>Rb.f$ tge‹.ftrJmfng uwD.fzsgxD.f'D; ChxD.fw>frRp>R
ySRoHw*Rt*h>fe‹.f 'Ju0DRbH.fb> ok;wz.f rh>frRtgxD.fu'D; w>f ql unDzdv>xHuD>ftgbh.f'D; ySR
cd.f rgxdeD.f wJb.f ch.ftJ.fpH.fe‹.f [l;*JRe‹.f o0Dzdwz.f ub.fok; *h>f0Du&>wz.f v>td.fv>xHuD>f
vDR$ u'guhR v>w>fvD>ftoDwwDR tgbh.fwz.f td.ft*h>fe‹.f pDRpwH;
ySRv>b.fw>fqJ;oH'D; vDR$ w>ftd.fo;'ftHR rRck;rRpHmf qJ;wJ0J'.fe‹.fvDR$
'Dw*Re‹.f trHRrh>f0J b;cFd.f rh>fySRrlR wb.fvD>fb.fp;tCd wtD.fb.f z.fyl.fuD>f&h.f bkod.f'D;
pvh.f ydmcf gG zd o;eH.t
f .d 0f J 23eH.'f ;D bk 'f t 0J o h . f q d r d . f y mf 0 J t od ; vl>foDuD>fq.fylR o0DcJv>mftd.f0J
t0Jtw>fuwdRtgvdmfo;'D; ySR b.f$ v>cH bktC>fvDR0J'.fvDR$ 264 zs>.f 'D;p;xD.fzJ 1997 eH.fe.‹ f
rlRpvh.ft*R 'Dyk>f0J>fo>*R v>td.f ,k>fvDRph>fuD;tCd w>ftD.fCH; etz ok;wz.f EkmfvDR[H;e‹>fw>f
v>u0DR'hwbh.fCD trHRwz.frh>f xD.f'D; weH.ftHR w>ftd.fo;uwkR vD>zf J ysDyRl v> ySRurs>>ft.d q f ;d vD>f
0J uFH.fr;vh/ pdyh.f/ ,[.frJ; oh.f tlzF.f unDb.fuDb.fcJ 'Ju0DR Photo-KIC v>w>fvDR'd tywD>foh0J'.f” t usJ [D.fu0DRwz.ftCd urs>>fw
wz.f zJw>frRoHusD>ftvD>ftcg *h>ef .‹ f ch.t
f .J , f .l f z.fy.l u
f >D &f .h ef .J &f .JG f z.f wkRcJtHR tw>ftd.fvD>ftd.fqd;
xdvdmfo; qJ;vdmfo;'D; oH0J'.f 'D;b;cFd.f e‹.fvDR$ t0Joh.fo>*R wJb.f ch.ftJ.fpH.fe‹.fvDR$ uG>f0J ySRv>txH.fb.fw>fwz.f y'd.fpDRxlv>>f0g wJb.f ch.ftJ.fpH.f vDRwH>fvDRqJ;wtd.f'D; b.fok;
e‹.fvDR$ t0Joh.f 4*Rv>mf td.fv> v>mf uedvmd o f ;tcg tyk>v f >t b;cFd.f v>toHe‹.f 'D t*h>f 'Ju0DRbH.fb>cd.f pH;0JvDR$ e‹.fvDR$ vD>fok;usJe‹.fvDR$
'Ju0DRylR vk>ftD.fto;orlv> qH;uw>>f ,[.fr;J [JEmk 'f ;D 'D0RH qJ;b.ftRD zJ o;egyS>t f ph.w f yR'D; tlzF.fb.fuDb.fcJ'Ju bktxl.fv>td.fzJ[D.f uwD > f t H R w>f t d . f o ;
w>fqgtD.fusD>fn.fe‹.f oh.fngb.f qJ;0J'.fvDR$ zJe.‹ f b;cFd.fb.f'D;'DcH [>z>'D; 'Ju0DRbH.fb>wz.f wkR 0DRylR ySReD>f*H>ftd.f0J 20˜000 bsJ.f u0DRwz.fe‹.f ,k>fvDR 'D;rR[;*DR e‹.f bkod.fuD>fq.fylR etz ok;&h.f
e‹.fvDR$ xH.f 'D;oHwbsDCv D RD $ ySRuedvmd f cJtHR zD.f0J ,[.frJ; v>tqJ;ySR 'D; w,HmfwrD>f w>f'dwD>fvdmfo; bk td.0f u J ;d eH.f td.0f tJ tg'D;tpSR td.f0J (6)&h.f'D; vl>foDuD>fq.fylR
b.fC; w>fuJxD.fo; o; o>*R tq>uwD>f vJRqJ;0J 'D;'D wcsK;'H;b.f$ b.fC;trl;w uJxD.f 'D;zJtylRuGHmfwv>uGHmf tCd 'd;0J ,k>f'D;rRoH,k>foemfuh etz puc (3) 'k;,R&J.fusJR eD>f
bsD0JtHRtzDcd.f tlzF.f'Ju0DRzd ud.f tCd vJRb.f0Jph>fuD; tuFDpdyh.ft bsDtHR 'k;oh.fng0J zdjz;uD>fq.f cHeH.fe‹.f 'dwD>fvdmfo;v> oh.frk>f cDzsdv>,k>fwz.f t'kqH;0J'.ft *H>f (1) 'D; (3) tzDvmf ok;&h.ftd.f
e;oH.f pH;0Jv> “w>fuJxD.fo;t pk'k.f 'D;b.f'd0J'.f 'D;cJtHR b.fvJR y>RuD>f t±l 'D;y>RuD>o f .h w
f z.f u wkR v>toHuDG>frh.f'ftHR uJxD.f Cd rR0JwwkRxD.f xD.fb;b.f$ u 0J (8)&h.f qDvDRtvD>f'D; [l;*JR0J
cD.fxH; p;xD.fv> uFH.fr;vh/ pdyh.f ulqg o;v>w>fqg[H.”f t*h>ef .‹ f [H;e‹>frl'g'D; uud;xH.forHord; o;td.f0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ rs>>fv>tol.fzs;w>fweDR wkR'.f '.fe‹.fvDR$
unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgpJ;yxhbX./2009eH./ubsH;yR=4
xkdif;EkdifiH/ befaumuf
tdrjf yefcsifNyD
vku d yf gcjhJ cif;jzpfonf? aom Ak'<bmom u&iftrsKd;om; onf?
eef;xl;pH
orD;rsm;ok@d ul;qufomG ;+yD; u&if onfhvkyfcrsm;ukd tdrfrS rdom;pk
òrdŒwGifa&muf&Sdum tdrfazmft touf (22)ESpt f &G,f wyfrawmf('DaubDat)wyfz@JrG sm;u xkad 'o&Sd &Gmol&mG om; jynf e ,f t wG i f ; &S d vl i ,f t rsm;ukd axmuffyHhae=uonf?
vkyfjzifh tvkyfvkyfcJhonfrSm =um &Sd eef;vif;vif;onf xkdif;EkdifiH/ tajccs v_yf&Sm;vsuf&Sdonf? rsm;onf v,f,mESifh+cHvkyfief; ajrmuftrsm;u ynmukdqkH;cef; jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tvkyf
+yDjzpfaomfvnf; ,ckcsed t f xd tdrf befaumufòrdŒwGif 2006ckESpfu tqkdyg wyfrsm;u ‚if; rsm;ukd t"duxm; vkyfukdifpm; wkdifroif,lEkdifbJ tdrfeD;csif;xkdif; tukid &f mS ;yg;r_a=umifh xkid ;f Ekid if H t
ukdrjyefEkdifao;bJjzpfae+yD; tdrf pwifa&muf&SdcJh+yD; xkdif;olaX;rd wd k @ wyf z G J @ rsm; pm;ok H ; &ef & d u Q m / aomuf=u+yD; xkdokd@vkyfukdifpm; EkdifiHtwGif;okd@ ckd;0ifvmum =uD; wGi;f 0ifa&mufum tvkyrf sm; &Sm
wGifrdom;pkrsm;ESifh at;at;aq; om;pkwpk.tdrfwGif tdrfazmft aexkdif&ef pcef;/ taqmufttkH aomuf&mwGif ,cifu rdom;pkt rm;onfh rdom;pkwm0efukd xrf; azGvkyfukdifaeonfh jrefrmjynf
aq; jyefaecsif+yD[k qkdonfh aumh jzpf 0ifa&mufvkyfukdifcJhum &&Sd rsm;twGuf ukefusp&dwfrsm;ukd wGuf zlvrHk &_ adS omfvnf; ,cktcsed f aqmifae=u&onf? om; (4)oef;cef@ &Sad eonf[k od&
u&dwòf rdŒe,f/ usKu d 'f w Hk u dk ef ,fol onfhvkyfcw0ufausmfukd &GmwGif &Gmol&Gmom;xHwGif aumuf,lcJh wGif jynfwGif;pD;yGm;a&;usqif;r_/ wcsKdŒaom rdbrsm;u +yD; ‚if;wdk@teuf e,fajrru|rf;
eef;vif;vif;(emrnf&if;r[kwf) usef&SdoltartkdESifh ausmif;aenD onfhtjyif ‚if;wkd@. vkyfief;v_yf ukefaps;E_ef;}uD;jrifhr_ESifh tbuf tqkdyg pm;0wfaea&;tcuftcJ usifr_ESifh bmompum; jy\em
u qkdonf? rav;wd k @ . td r f t ok H ; p&d w f / &Sm;r_rsm;wGiv f nf; a'ocH&mG om; bufrS taumuftcGefrsm;ay; rsm;ukd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&mrSm ‚if; a=umifh tcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh &if
olru “xkdif;EkdifiHrSm ausmif;&dwftwGuf ykd@ay;ae& rsm;ukd ac:,lckdif;apcJhonf[k od& aqmif&r_wdk@a=umifh ,cifuvkd zl wd@k . om;orD;rsm;ukd rScD t dk m;xm; qkid cf &hJ um b0ysucf &hJ onfo h rl sm;
a&mufvmwm (4)ESp&f o dS mG ;+yD? ol onf? onf? vkrH r_ &Sad y? vm=u+yD; t&G,fa&mufvmonfh vnf; &Sdonf[k od&onf?
aX;tdrrf mS oef@&iS ;f a&;/ xrif;csuf xkduJhokd@ tdrfukdvpOf xkd@tjyif &Gmol&Gmom; ppftpk;d &u jrefrmEkid if H om;orD;rsm;ukd 0ifaiGtenf;i,f okd@aomfvnf; &&mt
vk y f & wm0+yD ? wvrS m bwf aiGy@dk ay;aomfvnf; jrefrmEkid if wH iG f ykid v
f ,f,m/ tdraf jr,mESihf +cHrsm; wGif aexkdif=uonfh wkdif;&if;om; aumif;onfh xkdif;EdkifiHtwGif; vkyfukd vkyf&if;jzifh ESpfaygif;=um
(6˜000)&ayrJh tdru f ydk @dk vu dk ?f pm; 0,f,lpm;okH;&onfh tajccHpm; ukdvnf; a'owGif;&Sd tm%mykdif jynforl sm;twGuf zG@H òz;d a&;vkyif ef; oGm;a&muf tvkyfvkyfukdif&ef zd vmaomfvnf; eef;vif;vif;uJo h @dk
vku d ef @J 'Dvydk o
J o
H &mvnfaeawmh ok;H uke/f tok;H taqmifypPn;f rsm; rsm;tm; ESpfpOftcGefaqmifae& rsm; vkyaf qmifay;vsu&f adS =umif; tm;ay;vmonfvnf; &Sd onf? tdrfjyef&ef tajctaeray;onfh
tdrfukd b,fawmhjyefjzpfrvJqkd . aps;E_e;f rsm;u}u;D jrif/h nDrjzpfol onf? “usrwdk@&GmrSmu tkyfcsKyf ‚if;wdk@ykdif owif;rD'D,mrsm;wGif xkdokd@ xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif; olvnf; trsm;tjym;&Sdaeonf?
wm rodawmhbl;? tdrfukdt&rf; ausmif;p&dwfuvnf; tukeft wJhtzGJ@awGursm;awmh etzu ae@pOf x nf h o G i f ; ajymqk d a vh & S d a&muf&v dS monfh vli,frsm;onf eef;vif;vif;uawmh
jyefcsiw f ,f” [k &ifziG ahf jym qkv d m usrsm;onfhtwGuf vkHavmufr_ vnf; bmcGefnmcGefeJ@ c%c% onf? ok@d aomfvnf; eef;vif;vif; &&mtvkyu f dk 0ifvyk =f u&+yD; trsK;d tdru f v dk rG ;f &if;jzifh rdom;pk pm;0wf
onf? r&Sdonfhtjyif a'owGif;tkyfcsKyf aumuf w ,f ? 'D a ubD a tu aexkid o f nfh a'orsm;wGif tkycf sKyf om;rsm;u usyef; ae@pm;tvkyf aea&;ajyvnfapa&;twGuf xkid ;f
eef;vif;vif;onf vl ol tm%myk d i f ; rsm;. tcG e f vnf; ppfa=u;vm/ ay:wma=u; oltpk;d &u rnfonfh zG@H òzd;a&;vkyf rsm;/ aqmufvkyfa&;tvkyfrsm;/ EkdifiH/ befaumufòrdŒwGif quf
i,fwOD;jzpfonfhtwGuf ynm aumufcHr_ukdvnf; ay;aqmif& vm;aumufjyef+yD? auyDtufzf ief ; rS vk y f a qmif a y;jcif ; r&S d b J oHcsuo f nfh tvkyrf sm; ponfjzifh vuf+yD; tvkyfvkyf&OD;rnf[kqkd
qufvufoif,cl siaf omfvnf; rd onf[k qko d nf? vnf; tJovkdyJ ol@enf;ol@[efeJ@ &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u rGJoxufrGJ =urf;wrf;onfh vkyif ef;rsm;ukd vkyf onf?
om;pk pm;0wfaea&;tcuftcJ u&ifjynfe,f aumhu aumuf=uwm”[k eef;vif;vif; vmavonff[k qkdavonf? ukdif=u&um/ trsKd;orD;rsm;rSmrl
a=umifh ausmif;ynmukd (9)wef; &dwfòrdŒe,f&Sd usKduf'kHwkdufe,ft u ajymqkdum “'D0ËfaºuG;uae pD ; yG m ;a&;tcuf t cJ tdraf zmf/ aps;qkid /f pm;aomufqidk /f ÔÔÔ
txdom oif,lcJh+yD; xkdif;EkdifiHt wGif; etzwyf/ u&if+idrf;csrf;a&; b,fawmhvGwfrSmvJqkdwm rod a=umifh rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&;zlvHk puf±kHtvkyf±kHrsm;wGif &Sdonfht
wGif;okd@ oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifhtwl wyfzGJ@(auyDtufzf)ESifhwkd;wuf awmhbl;”[k +iD;jiLajymqkdoGm; &eftwGuf rdbrsm;.tylrS om; vkyfrsm;ukd vkyfukdif=u&if;jzifh &

Ô tm%maemufu aiG/ aiGaemufu tm%maqmif;yg;tqufæ


xkdokd@ azsmufzsufr&onfhtwl rSwfðyygonf[k qkdjcif;rSm “bkef; onf w&m;0ifaom tm%mykdif ulray;bJ vlxx k rH S *kwaf oG;pkwf +yD;/ ray;Ekdifolrsm;ukd axmifcsESdyf ay;rnfh jynfyaiG&Sifa=u;&SifawG
wl vlxku olwkd@tay: axmufcH }uD;u a&SŒu ºuG”[laom npf rsm;r[kwf? wu,fh tm%mt zkd@/ ykdrkdqif;&Jusyfwnf;atmif/ puf=uaom cspfwD;vufopfawG uvnf; t&Hoifh&Sdae=uonf?
r_uav; &vkd&jim; rdrdwkd@rSm a': us,fus,f tajymrsKd;vkd/ rnfokd@ ppftrSefonf vlxkxHYom&Sd+yD; pdwfrcsrf;omatmif zdpD;ESdyfpufzkd@ jzpf.? +Adwdo#u|ef acwfxuf ppftkyfpk. w&m;0ifa&$acwf ppf
atmifqef;pk=unfukdvnf; tod r# rwwfomonfh tqkH;pum; vlxku rdrdwkd@tusKd;twGuf rdrd om vkyfaqmifae=uolawG jzpf qkd;0g;pGmyif Armhv,form; t u|erf sm;tjzpf aqGpOfrsK;d quf qk;d
trS w f ð yyga=umif ; avcsKd a oG ; uav;jzifh wifpD;vkdufjcif;om wkd@ ukd,fpm;aqmif&Guf&ef ,kH .? tvk y f o rm;v,f o rm; vkyform;wkd@. orD;ysKdtrsm;t oGrf;oHo&mxJ rjywf ±kef;uefepf
vkdufjcif;om jzpf.? jzpfonf? =unfpGm v$Jtyfjcif; cH&olrsm; aumif;pm;a&;/ v,fvkyfolom jym; rnfonfhtajctae a&muf ar#m=uOD;rnfvm;? jynfwiG ;f jynf
wu,f a wmh v uf w (5) onfom wu,fh tm%mykid rf sm; v,fykdifa&; ponfh aºuG;a=umfoH ae=u+yDqo dk nfudk &ifeifzh , G f =um; y wkdif;&if;om; jynfolvlxktm;
qk y f p mr#om&S d a om ppf t k y f p k jzpf.? ArmEkdifiH ppftkyfpkrSmrl n rsm;jzifh pwifcahJ om tm%modr;f odae&onfh vlxk}uD;tzkd@ quf vkH; vlxkbufawmfom; wyfr
aemufvkduf aemufygrsm;u a': tm%mykdif qkdaomp }uD;oef;acgif vufeuftm;uk;d jzifh ppfaumifpD. tajymwrsKd; t vufI em;rsufaphZGwfrSdwfum awmfESifhvufwGJum ppftkyfpkukd
atmifqef;pk=unfudk todtrSwf um;vk;H rSm etzacwftwGi;f ppf t"rRtm %modrf;um wkdif;jynf vkyfwrsKd; vrf;pOftwkdif;/ vlxk tH}udwfae=uOD;rnfvm;? wGef;vSefòzdzsuf+yD; rdrdwkd@. ywW
rðy[k rsufaphpkHrSdwf atmf[pfae tkypf Ek iS hf ywfouforl sm;tm; òcHòiH ukd qif;&Jom; EkdifiHtjzpfokd@ wGef; ykid f tk;d tdraf jr,m/ v,fuu G rf sm; ±_H;edrfholwGif acwfr&Sd? jrm;acwfukd ykHazmfwnfaqmuf
v#ifvnf; vlxku *±kpkdufvdrfh +yD;ac:aom tac:ta0: wckt ykd@cJhonfh AkdvfcsKyfae0if;. tpOf ukd t"rRodrf;/ tcGeftwkyfawG tEkdif&olawGuom acwfukduif =urnfvm;? ,ckyif qkH;jzwfoif
rnf r[kwaf cs? wkid ;f &if;om; jynf jzpf wGifwGifus,fus,f a&;om; tvmukd qufcHvsuf vlxkukd ykd tqrwefaumufc/H obm0ab; yGe;f wyf zefw;D Ekid af =umif; owday; h.? ywWjrm;rSefv#ifawmh EGHepfEkdif
olvlxkw&yfvkH;onf a':atmif azmfjy ajymqkdaeonfukd awG@& rkdc|wfòcHusap+yD; olawmif;pm; '%frsm;a=umifh v,fajrrsm;ysuf wifjycJhbl;onf? ,ckawmh ppf rnf r[kwf?
qef;pk=unftm; ,k=H unfav;pm; onf? olwkd@u tm%mykdifawG EkdifiH/ u|efEkdifiH/ zmEkdifiH/ urBmht pD;/ pkdufcif;oD;ESHrsm; ykd;us/ awmif tm%m&Sit f yk pf ok nf ‚if;wk@d . a&$ tm%m±l;ppftkyfpktm;
pGm todtrSwfðyxm;=u+yD; jzpf igwk d @ u omref j ynf o l a wG [ l v,f usufoa&t,kwfqkH; ol&J olv,form;wkd@yifyef;&usKd;reyf acwfudk w&m;0ifxal xmif&ef jyif tm%mtppf t rS e f r S m rnf o k d @
avonf? vlxk}uD;. tm;xm; aom todpdwfrSm tm%m&Sif abma=umif trsK;d ,kww f @dk . Ekid if H pGm t±_H;ay:=u/ aºuG;wif=u& qifae+yD jzpf.? w&m;r0if &,l aomt&mrsK;d jzpfa=umif;ESi/hf c0gcs
,k H = unf r _ u k d &xm;aom a': awG vkyfor# ikH@cHae&onfh tae tjzpf yko H iG ;f vkud af omolc;dk "m;jy onfh taetxm;ukd xnfhoGif; xm;aomtm%mukd w&m;0ifjzpf p&mrvkdaom aiGa=u;tppftrSef
atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf tJet f ,fvf txm;rS ±kef;xGuf&ef óud;pm;vkd rsm;omjzpfavonf? pOf;pm;jcif;rðy/ ‚if;wkd@ tvkd&Sd atmif t"rR vkyf,lvkdufaom rSm rnfokd@aomaiGrsKd;jzpfa=umif;
'D y gwD t ay: vuf w qk y f p mr# pdwfukd csKd;ESdrfzd pD;xm;avonf? ppftkyfpk vufyg;aprsm; onfh tcGeftaumufrsm;ukdom ppftkyfpktm; tcGef&SnfpGm &yf uk d erl e mjyzk d @ &ef vk d t yf a e+yD
aom tk y f p k u av;u tod t wu,f a wmh ‚if ; wk d @ onf vlxkukd vkH;0 taxmuft r&&atmif awmif;qkad umufc=H u wnfEkdifa&; usm;uefaxmuful jzpf.? ÔÔÔ

xdi
k ;f ppfwyfu 'kuo
Q nftopfrsm;udk ae&yftwif;jyefyŒkd
pufwifbmv 11&uf? (1)pkonf 'DaubDat. aiGa=u; olu “'DvlawGu w cGirhf ay;bl;qd+k yD; ac:oGm;awmhwm qufvufajymqdo k nf? iHbufjcrf; xGufajy;a&muf&Sdvm
apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD) aumufcHr_ESifh vkyftm;ay;apcdkif; u,f'kuQa&muf=uwJholawG/ ol yJ”[k ajymonf? &Gmom;rsm;udk wmhcfc =uonfh u&if&mG ol&mG om; 5˜000
xdik ;f Ekid if /H Edb
k ;kd 'kuo Q nf jcif;udk rcHr&yfEkdifonfhtwGuf wd k @ a&muf v mwm c%av;yJ ? “&Gmom;awG[m &Gm ±dkif/ xmhaqmif,ef;òrdŒe,f rJhwef eD;yg;udk xdkif;tm%mydkifrsm;u 'k
pcef;opfo@kd ,refae@ ae@vnfyikd ;f xGufajy;vmjcif;jzpf+yD; xdktxJ aemufpcef;xJuvlawGe@J vnf; ol rSmaeawmhvnf; 'DaubDat&JŒ aus;&GmrSwqifh jrefrmEdkifiHbuf uQonfulnDonfhtzGJ@rsm;ESifh nd‡
wGif xGufajy;vmonfh u&if&Gm wGif uav;trsm;pk yg0ifonf[k wd@k wa,mufrS rod=ubl;? óuH&m a&mfbm+cHujrufawG ae@wikd ;f ckwf jcrf;odk@ jyefydk@vdkufonf[k od&+yD; Ed_if;um rdk;wGif;ukefqHk;csdeftxd
om; 15OD;udk a&muf&Sd+yD; em&Dydkif; od&onf? ‚if;wdk@tm; usKd;t&mh tdryf J cGiahf wmif;+y;D tem;,lw,f? &Sif;ay;&w,f? aemuf vwdkif;v xd;k ppfwyfbufrS xdu k pd u
P kd ,ckt om xkdif;EkdifiHwGif vufcHxm;&Sd
t=umwGif xdik ;f ppfwyfu um;jzifh OD;aqmifonfh vGJ[xdkif;ppfwyf pcef;u vlawGu olwdk@udk awmf wdkif; ESpf}udrf/ oHk;}udrf &duQma=u;/ csed x
f d wpHw
k &mxkwaf zmfajym qdck hJ oGm;rnfjzpf+yD; xyfrHa&muf&Sdvm
twif;t"rR ae&yfjyefy@kd vu kd of nf u rnfonfhta=umif; jycsufrS awmfoem;=uw,f? olw@kd awG x bma=u;nma=u;ay;&w,f? wcg jcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif jyefydk@cH&olrsm; olrsm;udk vufrcHEidk o f jzifh ,ckvkd
[k od&onf? r&Sb d ,J ckvkd vma&mufac:aqmif rif;vnf; rpm;&ao;bl;? xrif; awmif;&if jrefrmaiG aomif;*%ef; rnfonfah e&m a&muf&adS eonfukd zrf;qD;jyefydk@jcif;jzpfonf[k 'kuQ
zm;tHòrŒd e,ftwGi;f &Sd rJh cJhjcif;jzpfa=umif; Edkbdk;'kuQonfp csuaf u|;r,fq+kd yD;awmh csuaf &m/ txday;&w,f? 'gudk ray;Ekdif rod&ao;ay? onfrsm;u cef@rSef;ajymqdkae=u
wemh c D ; &G m rS rd o m;pk (2)pk E S i f h cef;opfrS wm0ef&SdolwOD;u ajym xrif;tdk;ql±HkrSmyJ xdkif;ppfwyfu awmhv@kd xGuaf jy;vmw,fv@kd us ,ckESpf ZGefvqef;ydkif; onf? Ô
ydkifusKHòrdŒe,f/ waig&GmrS rdom;pk onf? a&mufvm+yD; eifwdk@awG 'DrSmae aemfwdk@udkajymjyw,f ”[k ‚if;u uwnf;u wdu k yf aJG =umifh xdik ;f Edik f
u&ifowif;pOf/ pufwifbmv/ 2009 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 7
vli,frsm;&J@ pum;vufaqmif oHviG af &awGvnf;
aemfcs,f&D 20ESpf
0goem trsK;d orD;a&;&m
atmufuae vHk;0 rvGwfajrmuf
ao;awmh trsKd;orD;awGtwGuf
,l + yD ; aus;vuf
awm&GmrSm jyefvm rcrf;oa&GŒu, G f
ynm q,fwef;atmif &yf wnfvyk af qmifay;zd@k pdwt f m; vkyaf y;csiw f hJ qEN&ydS g
usrtouf av;ESpt f xuf o ef v mw,f ? 'ga=umif h w,f? tckqdk usr ppfajy;b0rsm;
&G,f usrwdk@aewhJ zmyGefc±dkifu u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@eJ@ udk,fwdkif [m zmyGecf ±kid f u&if vH;k yg;óuHqkH vl@*%
k o
f u d mQ
&GmrSm etz ppfwyfawG wufvm qufo, G +f yD; olw@kd &ŒJ vrf;!$eaf y; trsK;d orD;tpnf;t òydumokO;f rke;f ppfy=JG um;
awmh rdom;pktm;vHk; &Gmuae r_eJ@ 2008-2009rSm zGifhvSpfwJh ±Hk;&JŒ ±Hk;tzGJ@0if w
oem;n‡mawG; rif&h ifaoG;a&;awG
rJacgicf g'h u k o
Q nfpcef;udk xGuv f m (Emerging Leadership Scho- a,muftjzpfe@J wwf
cJh&w,f? tJ'DrSm usrwdk@rdom;pk ol-ELS)ausmif;udk wufa&mufchJ pGrf;or# 0dkif;0ef;vkyf
use;f rma&; ynma&;
q,fESpf0ef;usif aexdkifcJhw,f? ygw,f? tcsK@d rb
d awG[m orD;rde;f aqmifay;aeygw,f? ta&;awGcrf; vrf;awGrhJ
usr 6wef ; txd a &muf a wmh uav;awGukd tdraf xmifus+yD;&if trsKd;om;a&;vkyf urf;rJah A'g ra&&mr_rsK;d eJ@
rJacgicf gu h r,fvtl;udk ajymif;wJh a,musfm;u vkyfau|;wmyJqdkwJh aewJh acgif;aqmif zke;f qd;k axmif;x b0armawG
tcg trdk;[m Zmwd&GmudkyJ jyef todeJ@ ynma&;rSm OD;pm;ray; awGxJrSm udk,fusKd; yso
H ifaeavqJ vrf;tauG@r,f?
vmaecJw h ,f? &Gmjyefa&muf+yD; zm awmh ausmif;aecGifhr&cJh=ubl;? r=unfhbJ tepfemcH Photo-KIC

yG e f ò rd Œ rS m ausmif ; quf w uf z k d @ tckawmh todtjrifawG tawmf vkyfcJholawG trsm;}uD;&Sdw,f? w,f? wzufu =unfhr,fqkd&if npfax;vSwum;
p&dwf}uD;awmh cvJhtdk'J&GmrSm 7 Edk;=um;vmyg+yD? rdbawGtaeeJ@ 'g[m usrwd k @ twG u f erl e m u&if v l r sKd ; jzpf w J h 'D a ubD a t wd@k rsm;b0 qif;rvS
wef ; eJ @ a';yl E d k r S m q,f w ef ; vnf ; orD ; rd e f ; uav;awG u d k aumif;wck jzpfw,f? rde;f rjzpfap/ vnf; vGwv f yfru _ kd tjynft h 0r& EGr;f vspmG wnf &moDppfajy;jzpf
atmifcw hJ ,f? ynma&;rSm OD;pm;ay;zk@d t}uðH ycsif a,musmf ;jzpfap uk, d v
hf rl sK;d a&;t &Sd=uygbl;? etz&JŒ vrf;!$efr_t ppfab;/ ppf'%f ppfvufoaH wG
armifESr 7 a,mufrSm ygw,f? aemuf+yD; jynfwGif;jynf wGuf vkyfEdkif&if tiftm;wckygyJ? wdik ;f vkyaf qmifae&wmyJqakd wmh
ya&muf u&iftrsK;d orD;awGvnf;
rwefr&m ,lumcH&
usru 6a,muf ajrmufjzpfw,f? ukd,fhvlrsKd;ukd ukd,frcspfbl;qkd&if olw@kd awGvnf; awmfveS af &;xJu
olw@dk wwfxm;wJh tqifjh rifyh nm uHq;kd rrsK;d òid;cH&xifh
tpu aq;q&mrudk 0goemygay b,folrSvnf; vmrcspfygbl;? vlawGxuf tajctae ydkqdk;yg
r,fh wu,fwrf;=unfhawmh usr awGe@J usrwd@k awmolawmifom; udk,fhrdom;pk0ifawG jzpfap/ udk,fh w,f? 'ga=umifh udk,fhudk,fudk
upOfu h vsm; ajy;v$m;a&Smif&if;
wdk@ trsKd;orD;awG[m &efol(ppf vlxkukd vma&mufoif=um;ay; vl x k j zpf a p wOD ; wa,muf t u&ifrSef;od+yD; ukd,fhvlrsKd;a&;t zm;pnfoq H w
d f 'H;k oHww
d cf hJ
wyf)&JŒ tEdik u f sirhf a_ wGukd trsK;d rsK;d apcsiw f ,f? usrvnf; Ekid if jH cm;rSm wGufxuf trsm;tusKd;udk=unfh wGuf trSeftuef 0dkif;0ef;vkyf tdk æ ajrurBma&
&if q d k i f & +yD ; tck c sd e f x d zd E S d y f r _ ynmoifciG &hf cJ&h if oGm;a&mufoif +yD; 0dkif;0ef;vkyfaqmifwwfapcsif aqmifapcsifygw,f? awmawG awmifawG vSsKad jrmifawG=um;
+iD;wGm;ido k H emusn;f oHawGe@J
apmvif;b,f 23ESpf emygayr,fh usaemf 8wef;ESpfrSm awmh trsm;}uD ; oHpOfawGa0+rJ tvGr;f tawG@0,f?
0goem ppfom; tpmtdrfa&m*geJ@ usef;rma&; r óud;pm;oif,zl @kd vdk
ynm q,fwef;atmif aumif;awmh ausmif;q&mtaeeJ@ ao;w,f? usaemf ppfacG;"m;jyrsm;
usaemfu zmyGefc±kdif ud,k v
hf xl u k kd jyef0ikd ;f vkyaf ewmyg? wkd@ u&ifvlrsKd; t
nDom;jynfol rnforl odyg
bl;odòk rŒd e,f acgyal us;e,fu a[G; usaemhftaeeJ@ vli,f awmf r sm;rsm;[m
oHCmoif;cGJ ppfi&J
a';vl&GmZmwd jzpfygw,f? armif awGudk ynma&;jri‡ w hf ifvmatmif wwd,Edik if aH &muf
ESr 7a,mufrSm 'kwd,ajrmufyg? óud;pm;+yD; vkyfay;aeygw,f? 'Dt ae=uayr,fh wcsed f ppfo&JawGatmuf 'l;axmufc0kd if
i,fi,fu xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyfu wGuf vkyt f m;c }u;D }u;D rm;rm; r& rSm jynfwGif; uvl eif æ b0ifp?JG xifjrifv&JG if;
rJah cgicf g'h u
k o
Q nfpcef;&JŒ trSw(f 1) ayr,fh vlrsKd;twGuf vkyfay;ae& awGudk jyefvm+yD; tcsi;f csi;f ppfwvif;qifvm
tv,fwef;ausmif;rSm 8 wef;t wmudk usaemf auseyfr_&Sdygw,f? 0kdif;vkyfay;r,fvkd@ ,mvnf;nufap/ =uufvnf;armapwJh
xd ynmoifcJhw,f? aemuf+yD; 'Dynma&;0efxrf;tjzpf usaemf xifygw,f? 'grSr ae0ifaprJph um; owdxm;rd&if
r,fvtl;udkajymif;awmh atbD wwfoavmufeJ@ rsKd;qufopf [kwf enf;vrf;wck eif æ csed rf oDS m jyefvmygawmhvm;
tufp'f t D ufz&f ŒJ a&mifeOD ;D ausmif; uav;awG ynmwwfzdk@ óud;pm; ckeJ@ vkyfaqmifay; ESv;kH om;rSm tòyH;rsm;pD
rSm oH;k ESpaf e+y;D 2007-08rSm q,f vkyfaqmifay;oGm;r,f? wae@ vd r f h r ,f v k d @ awmh nDaemifcsi;f awGr@kd apmifv h @kd aecsiaf y
Photo-KIC
wef;atmifcJhw,f?2008-2009 wcsdefrSm olwdk@av;awG udk,fhzm usaemf ,H k =unf yg oHviG af &awGvnf; rcrf;oa&GŒuG,?f
ckESpfrSm e,fpyfu jynfwGif;'kuQ omud, k f &yfwnfomG ;Ekid zf @kd ynm w,f? ygyJ ? usaemf x if w m etzu
onfae&mjzpfwJh tDwdk;xmhpcef; wwfzdk@vdkw,fav? usaemfhvlrsKd; aemufwcku autJef olw@kd ukd rufv;kH wckcak y;wJt h ay:
(vuFm'Dy)
rSm ynma&;ydik ;f tultnDvt kd yf twGuf usaemfvkyfcsifwmu t ,lu cGJxGufoGm;wJh 'DaubDat olwdk@ ,Hk=unfwJhtwGuf tckvdk
awmh usaemfausmif;q&m0ifvkyf rsm;}u;D ygy?J 'gayr,fh b,favmuf qd&k ifvnf; usaemfw@dk u&iftcsi;f autJe, f ul kd jyefvmwduk cf u
kd wf m
ay;cJhw,f? 'D 2009-2010 rSm twdkif;twmxd vkyfoGm;Ekdifr,f csif;yJ? bma=umifh b,fvdkyJuGJ jzpfr,f? b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf usaemfh ppftpd;k & acwftqufquf ,aeŒxufwikd f ppfajy;I
awmh 0grh aD ';&Gm pmoifausmif;udk qdkwmudkawmh twyfrajymEkdif oGm;cJhygap uGJoGm;+yD;aemufydkif; qEN u awmh u&if t csif ; csif ; omae&aom tdik 'f yD pD pfajy;'kuo
Q nfrsm;ta&; &ifeifch pH m;um
ajymif;a&$@vmw,f? usaemfu ao;bl;? usaemfwkd@ vlrsKd;awGu ig;ig;csif;pm;/ zm;zm;csif;pm; jyef rwdkufcdkuf=u/ tEdkifrusifh=ubJ TuAsmav;ESihf rSww f rf;ðyxm;&pfygonf?
i,fi,fuwnf;u ppfom;0go ynma&;rSm trsm;}uD; edrfhusae jzpfwmawGu pdwx f cd u
kd pf &mwck jyef+yD; nDnGwfapcsifygw,f?

jynfo@l toH
aumif;wmav;awmh jzpfapcsifw,f? ±kef;vdkuf&wm aoawmhr,f
tckwavm owif;awGrSm jr0wDxJu jzpfysufr_awGudk xnfha&;xm;wmudk awG@&w,f? e,fpyf 'DaubDatu ol@e;D pyf&m &Gmom;awGqu D aiGawmif;vdu k ?f zuf/ 0g; awmif;vdu
k ef @J ? &Gmom;awG
òrdŒqdkawmh wm0eft& ajymif;vmwJholawGvnf; e,fajrtajctaet& vkyfydkifcGifhawG&Sd+yD; [dkvl@aemufcH/ uawmh rjzpfrae +yD;+yD;a&m ay;vdu k =f uwmyJ? wcgwav ay;p&mawmif aiGr&Sad wmhb;l ? tJ't D cgus&ifvnf;
'Dv@l t&Sed ef @J vkycf siof vdk vkyaf e=uw,f? tJ'gukd owif;tjzpf xGuv f m+yD;qd&k if oufqikd &f mjynfe,ftqifh &Sw
d ohJ ql u D acs;iSm;ayg?h 'DrmS u vkyu
f ikd pf m;aomuf&wm cufcv J @kd 0ifaiGawmif r&S&d wJt
h xJ bmqufvyk v f @kd
t&m&Sad wGu txl;pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;tzJ@G awGe@J vmppf+yD? 'grrS [kwf aejynfawmfu txl;tzG@J awG qif;vm vky&f rSe;f awmif rodawmhb;l ? 'gawmifruao;bl;? tdrw f tdrpf uD a,mufsm;av;awG&&dS ifvnf; ay:wmvm;?
wmvnf;&Sw d ,f? tJvjkd zpfygap? r[kw&f if olvyk w f m ud,
k rf ajymcsi?f ud,
k v
f yk w
f mvnf; vmrajymeJ@ yHpk rH sK;d jzpf ppfom;vm;vkyzf @kd twGuf ac:,l=uwmyJ? &GmawGrmS u t&G,af umifav;awG[m awmifay: (xdik ;f )udk oGm;t
aeawmh b,forl v S nf; rodbJ jzpfcsi&f mjzpfae=uw,f? 'gawmifrubl;? jynfw h efqmawGuvnf; tESyd cf ef; vkyv f yk =f uwm rsm;w,fav? tJvkd xdik ;f a&mufaewJh om;awGuv kd nf; 'DaubDatu ppfxo J iG ;f zd@k jyefrmS cdik ;f
awGrmS rsm;rSrsm;? tESyd cf ef;qd+k y;D tJ'rD mS &Sw
d hJ abmif;bDwjkd ywfjywfav;awGe@J aumifrav;awGu 18-19t&G,f w,f? b,fuav;u jyefvmcsirf mS vJ? tJ't D cg uav;wa,muftaz/ uav;ESpaf ,muf oH;k a,muftaz
awG? bmrsm;ESyd v f @kd wwfrmS vJ? ckqkd ydrk sm;vmw,f? t&ifu t&rf;oef@w&hJ yfuu G af wGawmif tckqkd aumifr awGudkyg qGJac:xnfhw,f? pm;zdk@aomufzdk@vnf; &SmazG&ao;w,f? olwdk@ aumufcHorSsudkvnf; ay;&ao;
av;awGu [kd[dk'D'DeJ@? vrf;ovm;aew,f? wcsKdŒqdk 'Dvdkawmif ajymw,f? edAŠmefa&mufcsif&if ykwD;rpdyfeJ@ w,f? olwdk@uawmh wu,frodwmvm;? rodcsifa,mifaqmifaewmvm; rajymwwfbl;? 'DrSmawmh tm;
ydkufqHrsm;rsm;&Sdzdk@yJvdkw,f? jr0wDrSm edAŠmefudkydk@ay;rJh ewforD;awG trsm;}uD;yJwJh? uJ aumif;a&m? vHk; tqifajyatmif ±kef;vdkuf&wmrsm; aoawmhr,f?
bmaumif;rSef;udk rodayr,fh aumif;wmav;awmh jzpfapcsifwm trSefyJ? &Gmom;wOD;
armifjr0wD
u&ifowif;pOf/ pufwifbmv/ 2009 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 8
typf&yfwi
kd ;f &if;om;tzG@J rsm;udk e,fjcm;apmifw
h yftoGif ajymif;vJa&;tay:
twdu k t
f cHacgif;aqmifwcsKd@. tjrifoabmxm;rsm;
jynfrmS jzpfaewJh wdik ;f &if;om;eJ@ 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awG xm;wJh pHEe_ ;f awGt& acgi;f aqmifyikd ;f rSm etzppfwyf
udk b,fvekd nf;eJ@rS rajz&Si;f Edik b f ;l qdw k t hJ csuu f t uyJ jzpfwJhtwGuf etzeJ@ typf&yftzGJ@=um; jy\
&Si;f vif;qH;k oufaoyJ? ppfa&;/ Ekid if aH &; tajctaet emjzpfvmEdik o f vdk a'ocHjynfoal wGe@J vnf; jy\em
& vufcw H o hJ al wG/ vufrcHwo hJ al wG&=dS uw,f? od@k jzpfvmEdkifygw,f? etzuyJ tm;vHk; qkyfudkifxm;
aomf e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;wJhudpPudk EdkifiH wmqdkawmh EdkifiHa&;tcGifhta&;vnf; olwdk@ bmrS&
a&;t& wnDwnmeJ@ &ifqdkifwm taumif;qHk;yJ? rSm r[kwyf gb;l ? a&wdak &m/ a&&Snrf mS yg qd;k usK;d yJ rsm;
wa,mufuvufcH/ wa,mufu vufrcHbl;qdk&if ygw,f? 'DaubDatqd&k ifvnf; etz ckid ;f wJt h wdik ;f
etzuawmh wppD òzdoGm;rSmyJ? wdkif;&if;om;typf vkyfay;ae&w,f? &Gmom;awGudk ppfom;aumufcH
&yftzG@J awGu, kd Yf u wzG@J jcif; &ifqikd af jz&Si;f wmxuf w,f? +cdrf;ajcmufw,f? t"rR vkyftm;ckdif;apw,f?
typf&yftzGJ@awGtm;vHk; yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf=u&if Photo-KIC
e,fpyfa'oawGrmS wdu k yf aJG wG jzpfvmw,f? jynfol
Photo-KIC
awmh taumif;qHk;jzpfoGm;r,fvdk@ jrifw,f? aemfxl;azm (EdEdkifiHwum pnf;&Hk;vH_@aqmfa&;) uawmh cH+yD;&if;cHwmyJ? a&&SnfrSmvnf; EdkifiHa&; t
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f)
cGefjrifhxGef; ((jynf etz[m a&G;aumufyu GJ kd rjzpfjzpfatmif u&iftrsKd;orD;tpnf;t±Hk; usK;d tjrwf r&Edik b f J tckjzpfaewJh vl@tcGit hf a&; csK;d
oxHkrJqENe,f trSwf(1) vkyfoGm;EdkifayrJh EdkifiHa&;t& tESpfom&jynfh0wJh etzu typf&yfwkdif;&if;om;wyfawGudk azmufra_ wG/ trsKd ;orD;awGtay: vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m apmf
wdkif;&if;om;awG[m typf&yfcsdefumv a&G;aumufyJGjzpfrSm r[kwfbl;? 'g[m jynfaxmifpk e,fjcm;apmifw h yftjzpf olw@kd vufatmufrmS xm;zd@k um;r_awG qufjzpfaerSmyg?
uwnf;u Adv k cf sKyfcif!e$ @f u cifAsm;wd@k e,fawGrmS pD; twGu/f wdik ;f &if;om;jynfoal wGtwGuf xGuaf yguf vkyfaqmifjcif;[m wnf&SdaewJh jy\emwckudk ud;k uef@tajctaeud=k unf&h if vufrcHwhJ
yGm;a&;awG/ pdu k yf sK;d a&;awG/ zG@H +zdK;a&;awG/ vlra_ &;awG r[kwb f ;l ? tck tusO;f om; (7˜000)ausmf v$waf y; rSm;,Gi;f wJeh nf;vrf;eJ@ twif;t=uyf ajz&Si;f vku d wf m tzGJ@awGudk etzu b,fvdkajz&Sif;vJqdkwm cef@rSef;
vky/f Edik if aH &;udrk vkyaf o;eJ@t;kH ? Edik if aH &;udk trsK;d om; wmu Edik if w H umrsuEf mS pmrSm =unfv h ukd &f if Edik if aH &; yJ? Edik if w
H ckrmS ppfwyfwcky&J &dS r,fqakd yr,fh rSeu f efwhJ vd@k &w,f? 'Dawmh typf&yfa'oawGrmS ppfyaJG wG jyef
nDvmcHus&if cifAsm;wdk@ vGwfvGwfvyfvyfajym=u/ tusO;f awGukd v$wv f ukd w f ,fv@kd jrifw,fav? w ppfwyfjzpfzdk@twGuf vkyfaqmif&r,fhtqifhawG t jzpfvmEdik yf gw,f? typf&yfxm;wJt h zG@J awG[m t&if
!‡Ed id_ ;f =u/ usaemfw@kd u ulnaD y;r,fv@kd aqG;aEG;ajym u,fu Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awG enf;enf;yJygw,f? rsm;}uD;&Sdygw,f? 'Dtajctaeay:rSm wcsKdŒtypf&yf uwnf;u bmEkkdifiHa&;tcGifhta&;rS r&cJhovdk jynf
qdx k m;cJw h ,fav? wu,fw h u,f trsK;d om;nDvm 'guawmh etz vkyaf eus t&k;d qH;k aom vSnu hf u G /f awGu vufcHw,f? wcsKd@u vufrcHbl;jzpfaewm olawGtwGufvnf; tmrcHcsuf bmrSray;Edkifbl;?
cHrSmusawmh wdkif;&if;om;typf&yftzGJ@awG&JŒ wifjy upm;uGufawGyJav? toGifajymif;a&;/ rajymif;a&; rqef;ygb;l ? vufcw H t
hJ zG@J awG[m olw@kd a&G;cs,pf &m etzay;wJh +idrf;csrf;a&;[m ppfrSefwJh+idrf;csrf;a&; r
csufawGu tukefvHk; typfy,fcH&+yD; bmrStodt qdwk mxuf t"du usaemfw@kd Eikd if aH &;rSm typf&yfwhJ vrf;r&Sv d @kd vufc&H w,f? vufrcHwt hJ zG@J awGuawmh [kwfwJhtwGuf 'Dpepfudk &J&Jqef@usif+yD; wdkufrSom
rSwðf y rcH&bl;? [k;d wke;f uawmh typf&yf+yD;qd&k if Edik if H tzG@J jzpfap/ typfr&yfwt hJ zG@J jzpfap/ jynfwiG ;f u trsK;d tzG@J twGuaf &m/ olw@kd jynfoal wGtwGuyf g vH;k 0 t ppfreS w f hJ a&&Sn+f idr;f csr;f a&;udk &rSmjzpfygw,f? etz
a&;t& ajz&Si;f aqmif&u G Ef ikd rf ,fv@kd typf&yftzG@J awG om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf tygt0if w&m;0if&yfwnfae usKd;r&Sdwmudk ckdifcdkifrmrm ,Hk=unfxm;+yD; trSefw ppfwyfuawmh zG@J pnf;yHrk mS xm0&ae&m,lz@kd twnf
rSm wpHkw&m ar#mfvifhcsufawG&Sd=uw,f? tJvdkjzpfr wJh EdkifiHa&;ygwDawG/ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawG/ &m;twdkif; jrifvdk@ jzpfw,f? ðy+yD;om;jzpfwJhtwGuf usrwdk@ wdkif;&if;om;vuf
vmawmh vufeufukd quf+yD; qkyu f ikd x
f m;w,f? 'g jynfwGif;jynfy tiftm;pkawGtm;vHk;rSm 2008 zGJ@ etz&JŒtpDtpOfukd vufcw H t
hJ ypf&yftzG@J eufudkifawmfvSefa&;tzGJ@/ typf&yftzGJ@/ jrefrmjynf
udk etzu zJ@G pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'eJ@ vufeufawG ðzwf pnf;yHktajccHOya'udk vufrcHEdkifbl;qdkwJh wlnDwJhyHk awGuawmh tem*wfrSm wpHkw&mtusKd;&Sdvdrfhr,f Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;wJth zG@J awGe@J jrefrmwdik ;f &if;om;jynf
csifw,f? ðzwfr&awmh e,fjcm;apmifhwyfvkyfw,f? oabmxm;wck tvdv k &kd xm;+y;D om;? 'Dz@JG pnf;yH[ k m vdk@ ar#mfvifhxm;=uwmvnf; jzpfr,f? olwdk@ rvGJr olawG tusK;d pD;yGm;jzpfxeG ;f apr,ft h &mawGukd a&S;±_
tJ'Db0udk wu,fajymif;vJwJholawGu usaemfwdk@ wdkif;jynfrSm ppfrSefwJh jynfaxmifpkudk r aoG &ifqdkif&rSmu e,fjcm;apmifhwyfrSm owfrSwf +yD; vkyfaqmifoifhygw,f?
vnf; rEdik v f @kd av#mv h ukd &f wJo h abmyJ? etz&JŒ 2008 wnfaqmufEdkifbl;? 'Drdkua&pD ray:xGef;Edkifbl;qdk
zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'rSm jyXmef;xm;wmawG[m b,f awmh tm;vHk;[m rdrdwdk@&J@ tcef;u¾ toD;oD;u vG,w f ul ajcuky, f v l mEdik w f ,f? wcsed w f ek ;f u Akv d f
vdek nf;eJ@rS jynfaxmifpu k kd rwnfaqmufEikd b f ;l ? Arm ae+yD;awmh &yfwnfay;=uzdk@vdkygw,f? csKyfapmarmif ay;xm;wJu h wdawG/ Akv d cf sKyfcif!e$ @f u
wkid ;f &if;om;awGe@J ywfouf+y;D awmh ajymxm;wmawG
udk Akv d cf sKyfoef;a&$u zsuv f udk w f myJ? Akv d cf sKyfoef;a&$
wdu k cf u kd w
f ,f? r&Sdawmh&ifvnf; oleJ@oabmwlxm;wmawGukd
'gayr,fh aocsmwmwckuawmh typf aemufwufvmr,fv h u l zsut f ;Hk rSmyJ? tJ'gukd typf
cwf&yftzG@J awGaum/ typfcwfr&yfwt hJ zG@J awGaum &yfwkdif;&if;om;awG oabmaygufzkd@ vkdw,f? etz
oufqikd &f m wdik ;f &if;om;a'oawGrmS awmh 2008 zG@J [m t&yfom;tpkd;&r[kwfbl;? ppfwyf&JŒ tkyfcsKyfr_
pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk vufrcHEikd b f ;l qdw k hJ vlxpk nf; atmufrmS b,fvu dk wdu0wfawGyaJ y;ay;/ b,fvdk
±kH;a&;v_yf&Sm;r_awmh&Sdw,f? 'gayr,fh 2010 a&G; oabmwlnrD a_ wGy&J & tJ'gawGu rwnf+rb J ;l ? ud, k hf
aumufyu JG qkd ef@usiwf hJ typf&yftzG@J awGukd vufawG@ oufqkdif&me,fajrawGudk tcsdefra&G; pGef@v$wfcH&
uswhJ yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf _ b,fvv kd yk rf ,fqw kd m wd Edkifw,fqkdwmudk oabmaygufxm;r,fqkd&if vm
Photo-KIC
wdususajymvd@k r&ao;ygb;l ? ðyjyifajymif;vJr_ bmrS r,ft h em*wfukd trsm;}u;D pOf;pm;vk@d &r,fv@dk usaemf
r&Sb d eJ @J vkyrf ,fah &G;aumufy[ JG m etz tm%mouf OD;jrifhpkd; (twGif;a&;rSL;) ,lqygw,f?
Photo-KIC
wrf;&Snfzdk@/ w&m;0iftpdk;&jzpfzdk@ óud;yrf;wJhtwGuf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf-vGwfajrmufe,fajr tem*wfEkdifiHawmfrSm ppfwyf&JŒtcef;
usaemfwdk@ wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@tpnf;awG/ 'Drdkua&pD typf&yfwidk ;f &if;om;wzJ@G csi;f pDe@J etz&JŒ u¾[m }uD;rm;rS olw@dk &ŒJ tusK;d pD;yGm;udk umuG,f
rdkif;bkef;ausmf (twGif;a&;rSL;) tiftm;pkawGtwGuf qd;k usK;d oufa&mufry_ J jzpfvm oufqkdif&m wm0ef&Sdyk*~dKvfawG awG@wJhtcsdefwkef;u Ekid rf ,fv@kd etzu ,H=k unfxm;w,f? e0wacwfu
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk-tJef'Dtufzf r,f? ajymcJw h phJ um;[m rwlujJG ym;aew,f? typf&yftzJ@G tompD;&Ekdifr,fh ar#mfvifhcsufawGeJ@ 1990 a&G;
etz[m 2010 a&G;aumufyt JG wGuf e,f a&G;aumufyq JG wkd m vGwv f yfciG ahf wG/ wef; awGukd ajymcJw h ek ;f uawmh aemifwufvmr,fh tpk;d & aumufyJGudkvkyfcJh+yD; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyfu
jcm;apmifw h yftoGiaf jymif;vJwmu usaemfw@kd wdik ;f wlnrD #ciG ahf wG ay;r,f? Edik if aH &;tvSnt hf ajymif;awG vufxufusawmhrS qufvyk rf ,fajymw,f? tckcsed f EkdifwJhtcg olwkd@ pdwfajymif;oGm;w,f? aemuf trsKd;
&if;om;awGudk òzdcGJwmyJjzpfw,f? typfcwf&yf vkyf &Srd ,f? 'Dvakd &G;aumufyrJG sK;d omv#if usaemfw@kd vufcH rSmawmh vufeufukd zsuo f rd ;f zk@d / tvif;0ifz@dk vw dk ,f om;nDvmcHudk usif;yw,f? 2008 zJG@pnf;ykHtajccH
uwnf;uudku trsKd;om;nDvmcHrSm EdkifiHa&;aqG; Edkifr,f? usaemfwdk@ jrefrmwdkif;&if;om; jynfolw&yf ajymw,f? tJ'gukd typf&yfwidk ;f &if;om;awGu vuf Oya'rSm wyfrawmfu OD;aqmifrr_ sm;udk ,l&r,fq+dk y;D
aEG;&rSm qdak yr,fv h nf; bmrSvyk yf ikd cf iG rhf &Scd bhJ ;l ? ud,
k f vH;k ppftm%m&Si&f ŒJ vufatmufuae v$wcf siw f ,f rcHEidk w
f thJ cgrmS e,fjcm;apmifw h yfz@GJ taeeJ@ ud, k ahf 'o jyif;xefwJh tkyfcsKyfr_,E W&m;udk trsm;u ar#mfvifh
ydik t
f yk cf sKyfciG ahf wG ay;w,fqw kd m [efjyygy?J wdik ;f &if; qdk&if tck 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udk tajccHwJh udk udk,ftkyfcsKyfygvkd@ ajymvmjyefw,f? odk@aomf rxm;avmufatmif csKyfuikd x f m;w,f? tck tusO;f
om;awGukd tcGit hf a&;awG aoaocsmcsmwdwu d sus 2010 a&G;aumufyjJG zpfvmw,fqw kd mudk vufrcHbJ vnf; t"duuswhJ tzJ@G }u;D awGuawmh e,fjcm;apmifh om; 7˜000ausmfv$wfay;w,f? EkdifiHa&;tusOf;
bmrSroday;ao;bJe@J tiftm;av#mv h u kd +f yD; toGif 0dkif;0ef;uef@uGufzdk@ vdkw,fqdkwm ajymcsifw,f? wyftoGifajymif;zdk@udk vufrcHEkdifbl;? oufqkdif&m om;udk 100ausmv f w $ +f y;D awmh 200ausmaf vmuf jyef
ajymif;vdu k rf ,fq&kd if usaemfw@kd ed*;kH csKyfz@kd enf;vrf;udk usaemfw@kd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDwyfaygi;f pk (tJe'f t D uf a'o/ vlrsK;d awG&ŒJ oabmxm;qENawGukd tav;t zrf;Ekid w f ,f? +yD;awmh Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om; r&Syd gb;l vd@k
etzu zef;wD;aewmyJjzpfw,f? tJ'gukd vufrcHbJ zf)taeeJ@ etz&JŒzG@J pnf;yHu k kd vufrcHco hJ vdk vmr,fh eufxm;+yD; olwkd@ qkH;jzwf=uw,f? usaemfwkd@ tJef Edik if wH umudk ajAmifvrd w f ,f? 'grsK;d udk vufrcHwt hJ
uef@uu G w f hJ typf&yftzG@J tpnf;awG&ŒJ &yfwnfcsuf 2010 a&G;aumufyGJrSmvnf; ryg0ifEdkifbl;? wdkif;&if; t,fv'f -D t,fvaf ttaeeJ@uawmh jynfo@l qENukd a=umif; usaemfwkd@ woHwnf;xGufzkd@ vdkw,f?
udk usaemfw@kd axmufcw H ,f? 0/ rdik ;f vm;/ rGejf ynfopf om;awG&JŒ tcGifhta&;awG r&rcsif; tJef'Dtufzfu xif[yfwJh wkdif;&if;om;awG&JŒ oabmxm;eJ@ bmrS usaemfwkd@jywfom;&if ppftpkd;&ruvkd@ rw&m;tkyf
ygwDeJ@ wcsKd@ucsiftzGJ@awGu e,fjcm;apmifhwyf t awmh a&G;aumufyGJudk jywfjywfom;om; qef@usif uGJvGJp&mta=umif; r&Sdygbl;? csKyfwJh b,foljzpfjzpf usaemfwdk@ wGef;vSefEkdifw,f?
oGifrajymif;Edkifbl;qdkwJh &yfwnfcsuf&Sd=uw,f? ckqdk oGm;rSmyJ? 'gt
h jyif e,fjcm;apmifw h yfz@GJ uae &JtoGif t"du usaemfwkd@&JŒ nD!$wfr_eJ@ yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_
e,fjcm;apmifw h yfjzpfz@kd jiif;qefwhJ ud;k uef@ukd etzu ajymif;vm+y;D oufqidk &f m wkid ;f &if;om;a'oxJrmS t ygy?J
u&ifowif;pOf/ pufwifbmv/ 2009 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 9
u&if,
h Ofaus;r_ vef'efwi
G f usif;y tke;f zsefpcef;Yu&ifw& l ,
d m
pufwifbmv 20&uf? autdkifpD
t*Fvefa&muf u&if
twD;tr_wEf iS 'h f ;k H uoifwef;
jynforl sm;twGuf u&if±h ;kd &m,Of
aus;r_jyyGJwckudk pufwifbmv
zGiv
hf pS r
f nf
19 &ufae@wiG f vef'efòrŒd &Sd (St Et-
helberga’s Peace and Recon- pufwifbmv 18&uf? tkef;zsefpcef; trSwf
ciliation Centre)wGif usif;yðy apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD) (2)pm=unfhwdkufrSL; aemfrm&D,m
vkyfcJh&m{nfhy&d\wf 100 ausmf q,fausmfouf u&if aygvfu “tckoifwef;[m usr
vma&muftm;ay;cJh=uonf? ausmif;om;vli,frsm;twGuf u wdk@ u&ifrsKd;qufopfawGtwGuf
tqdkyg ,Ofaus;r_yGJudk &ifwl&d,mtwD;tr_wf/ 'Hk;tu rjzpfraevdt k yfygw,f? tifrwef
t*FvefEdkifiH&Sd u&ifvlr_tzGJ@t ESifh ywfoufonfh &uf&Snfoif rSvnf; ta&;}u;D ygw,f? t&ifu
pnf;toif; (aupDat)u }uD;rSL; wef;wckudk vmrnfhEdk0ifbmv qdk&if twD;tr_wfeJ@ tuawGudk
usi;f yjcif;jzpf+yD; ±k;d &mtpm;tpm/ qef;ydkif;wGif tkef;zsef'kuQonfp oifay;wm&Sdayr,fh wpdkufrwf
tuya'om/ oDcsif;azsmfajza&;/ cef;&Sd txufwef;ausmif;rsm;Y rwfoifwef;yHkpHrsKd;awmh rawG@&
zuf&iS jf yyGEJ iS hf ,Ofaus;r_ta=umif; oif = um;ay;oG m ;rnf [ k od & bl;? tckawmh oifwef;vdkyHkpHrsKd;
wifqufajymqdkr_rsm;udk ðyvkyfcJh onf? jzpfawmh ydrk xkd ad &mufr,fv@kd usr
=uonf[k od&onf? ausmif;om;vli,frsm; ,Hk=unfw,f”[k autdkifpDudk
Photo-KCA
jyyGJajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdol ±dk;&m"avh/ ,Ofaus;r_udk rarhr ajymonf?
t*FvefEdkifiH vef'efòrS@ u&ifh±dk;&m,Of aus;r_jyyGJ
arb,fvfxGef;u “'DjyyGJ[m ,l aysmufap&ef&nfpl;I tqdkygoif twD;tr_wfESifh ywf
aua&mufwJh u&ifvlrsKd;awGudk ,Ofaus;r_yGJwck jzpfygw,f” [k tcGifhta&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDa&;t ,lauwGif u&ifvlrsKd; wef;udk txufwef;ausmif;ESpf oufI pdwf0ifpm;oluav;rsm;
udk,fh,Ofaus;r_udk rarhraysmuf ajymonf? wGuf aupDat. pnf;±H;k vH@_ aqmfr_ 400 ausmf aexdkifvSsuf&Sd&m rsm; ausmif;wGif w&ufvsS if 2em&D=um udk ,cifu pcef;wGi;f &Sd trSw(f 1)
jzpfatmif ynmay;wm wckygyJ? ,ck ð yvk y f o nf h ,Of wckjzpfovdk 'kuo Q nfrsm;ESihf jynf aomtm;jzifh wwd,EdkifiHcdkv_HcGifh oif=um;ydk@csoGm;&efjzpf+yD; xdkif;- ESifh trSwf(2) pm=unfhwdkuf wGif
txlojzifh rsK;d qufopfvil ,fawG aus;r_jyyGuJ kd ‘zef;’azmifa';&Si;f ESihf wGif;XmaerJh jynfolrsm;twGuf tpDtpOfjzifh a&mufvm=uolrsm; jrefrme,fpyf&Sd u&if'kuQonfp wywfvSsif w&ufrSsom tvSnfh
udak yg?h 'g[m ,laurSm pnf;±H;k vkyf autJe, f -l ,lauwd@k u axmufyhH &efyHkaiG&SmazGay;&eftwGufvnf; jzpfonf? Ô cef;rsm;wGif pm =unfw h ukd f zGiv hf pS f us oif=um;ay;cJhaomfvnf; ,
aqmifEikd w f hJ t}uD;us,q f ;kH u&ifh ulnjD cif;jzpf+yD; jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f vl@ od&onf? xm;onfh *syefteJ *f st D t kd zG@J (Sh ckqdkvSsif &uf&SnfyHkpHrsKd;jzifh oif
anti Volunteer Associa wef;umv (3)vtxdowfrSwf
tion-SVA)ESifh pcef;aumfrwD oif=um;oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; aemf
‡Kyf
jrpfa&}uD;r_a=umifh tdraf jc 500cef@ a&ESpjf rKyf 0ifrsm;u pufwifbmv (9)&uf rm&D,maygvfu qufajymonf?
ae@Y tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyfum qHk; +y;D cJoh nfh 2006rS 2008
pufwifbm 11&uf? autkdifpD avmuf&Sdae+yD? 'ga=umifh weoFm &m a'otm%mydik rf sm;/ tJe*f st
D kd ‚if;tjyif tjynfjynf jzwfcjhJ cif;jzpfonf? ckESpftxd tkef;zsefpcef;wGif u&if
weoFm&DòrŒd e,ftwGi;f &Djrpf wzufwcsufrSm&SdwJh teD; rsm;/ =uufajceDESifh omoema&; qd k i f & m tvk y f o rm;tzG J @ csKyf ‚if ; twD ; tr_ w f o if wl&d,m twD;tr_wfESifh 'Hk;tu
pufwifbmv 8&ufae@txd jrpf w0dkufu aus;&GmawGu ajredrfh Xmersm;u ukef;jrifhxuf&Sd bkef; (tkdift,fvftdk)ESifh ukvor*~zGH@ wef;wGif yg0ifonfh ce/ r,f'vif/ udk oif=um;ay;cJhaomfvnf; ,ck
a&}uD;r_a=umifh pmoifausmif;rsm; ydik ;f uswhJ pmoifausmif;awGe@J vl awmf}uD;ausmif;rsm;wGif ,m,D òzd ; a&;tpD t pOf (,l t J e f ' D y D ) rS aomwlESifh apmif; ponfhwl&d,m oifwef;onf yxrqH;k t}udrjf zpf
tygt0if vlaetdrfajc 500cef@ aetdraf wG tckvkd a&jr‡Kyfuek w f m ae&mcsxm;ay;+yD; pm;eyf&duQm/ ud k , f p m;vS , f r sm;vnf ; vm rsm;udk touf (13)ESpEf iS hf txuf +yD; oifwef;twGuf vdktyfonfh
a& ESpjf r‡Kyfc&H onf[k a'oowif; aygh”[k autdkifpDudk ajymonf? aq;0g;ESifh vdktyfonfrsm;udk ul a&muf = unf h ± _ ppf a q;cJ h = u+yD ; ausmif;olausmif;om; (30)ausmf uk e f u sp&d w f u d k tuf p f A G D a trS
rsm;t& od&onf? a&jr‡KyfcH&onfh pmoif nDay;aeonf[k a'ocHwOD;u oufqikd &f m tm%mydik rf sm;u vl tm; q&mav;OD;jzifh oif=um;ydk@ ulnaD xmufyo hH mG ;um pcef;aumf
+yD;cJhonfh =o*kwfvv,f ausmif ; rsm;rS m rl v wef ; rS t ,ckvkd ajymonf? taotaysmuf pm&if;twdt csrnfjzpf+yD; wcsed wf nf;wGif 'H;k t rwD0ifrsm;u taumiftxnf
ydkif;rSpI rdk;jyif;xefpGm &GmoGef; xufwef;txd ausmif;aygif; 80 xdka'ocHu “jrpfa& usud k pH k p rf ; ppf a q;aeqJ j zpf uoif w ef ; ud k enf ; jyES p f O D ; ES i f h azmfoGm;rnfjzpfonf? Ô
onfhtwGuf weoFm&Djrpfa&rSm jzpf+yD; jrpfa&rSm +rdwfESifh aumh wuf+yD; =o*kwfv 20&ufae@u a=umif; od&onf? ausmif;olausmif;om; (26)OD;udk
vSsHwufvm+yD; weoFm&Dwdkif;/ aomif;udk qufoG,fazmufvkyf wnf ; u tzG J @ tpnf ; aygif ; pH k ,if;odk@ a&ESpfjr‡KyfcH& oif = um;ay;oG m ;rnf [ k od &
+rdwcf ±dik f weoFm&DòrdŒe,ftwGi;f &Sd xm;onf h ES p f v rf ; oG m ; jynf a&mufvmw,f/ q&m0ef/ q&mr onfh aus;&Gmrsm;rSm oabFmOD;/ onf?
aus;&Gmaygi;f 90ESiphf moifausmif; axmifpk um;vrf;r}uD;txuf awG u aq;0g;awG / ppf w yf u ausmufvHk;}uD;/ aumhrau;/ aemf tkef;zsefpcef;rS u&ifwl&d,mrsm;udk wD;cwf&ef Todk@ jyifqif=upOf
80 tygt0if tdrfajc 500cef@ a& udk av;aycef@ jrifhwufaeojzifh &d u Q m awG v may;wmawmh &S d w,f/ odaE Wm/ wul;/ o&bG,f/
jr‡KyfomG ;cJ&h onf[k a'ocHwOD;u um;oGm;vmr_udkvnf; acwW&yf w,f? tJef*sDtdkawGvnf; vm=u anmif y if u G i f ; ponf h a us;&G m
ajymonf? qdkif;xm;&a=umif; od&onf? w,f? t&ifuqdk tckvdk 'kuQ tkyfpkrsm;yg0if+yD; weoFm&Djrpf
“rdk;t&rf;}uD;+yD; &Gmae tqd k y g jrpf a &}uD ; r_ a&muf&if b,folrS rulnDbl;? a&rSm avsmhenf;usqif;oGm;jcif;
wm =o*k w f v 15&uf a e@u a=umifh tdk;tdrfESpfjr‡KyfoGm;onfh tckqkd vmulnaD y;=uw,fav” r&SdbJ xdka'owGif ,ae@txd rdk;
wnf ; u? ck q d k ES p f y wf o H k ; ywf a&ab;'kuQonfrsm;udk oufqdkif [k qdkonf? qufvuf&GmoGef;aeqJ jzpfonf
[k od&onf? Ô

r,fv'kuo Q nfpcef;wGif 0ufoufa&m*gjzpfymG ;r_


rsm;jym;vm
onfpcef;rSaq;±kHtkyf apmaepJef awG@&Sdolrsm;teuf ESpfOD;rSmpcef; csufuawmh txl;ojzifh uav;
puf w if b m 5&uf ? u ajymonf? wGif;rS'kuQonfrsm;jzpf+yD; usef awG t wG u f q d k rsuf p d u ef ; Ek d i f
Photo-KIC
apmod e f ; jrif h (autk d i f p D ) “ZlvkdifvtwGif; 0uf av;OD;rSm pcef;tjyifbufuvl w,f? tJ'gawG[m a=umufp&m
xkdif;EkdifiH rJaqmuffòrdŒ oufe@J ywfouf+yD;awmh aq;±krH mS rsm;jzpfonf[k od&onf? ‚if; aumif;wJh t&mawGyJav”[k qdk
ajrmufbuf (45)uDvkdrDwmt vlem 14a,muf awG@&w,f? =o a&m*gjzpfyGm;olrsm;rSm aumif;rGef onf? a&m*gjzpf y G m ;&m teD ; w0k d u f Y tvsiftjreftjrpfjywfukoEkdif
uGmta0;wGif&Sdonfh r,fv'kuQ *kwfvydkif;rSmusawmh 31a,muf pGm aq;ukor_rcH,yl gu a=umuf r,fvpcef;wGif; ‚if; oGm;a&mufjcif;rðy&ef ynmay;r_ rnfjzpfa=umif; apmaepJeu f ajym
onfpcef;wGif 0ufoufa&m*gjzpf xyfwkd;vmwmudk usaemfwkd@awG@ p&maumif;onfh a&m*gtrsKd;t a&m*gjzpf y G m ;ol t rsm;pk r S m u rsm; pwifvyk af qmifae+yD;[k od& onf?
yGm;r_E_ef; ,cifuxufydkrdkrsm;jym; &w,f? tJ'DxJu (6)a,muf[m pm;xJwGif yg0ifa=umif; apmae av;i,frsm;jzpf+yD; pcef;usef;rm onf? r,fv'kuo Q nfpcef;wGif
vma=umif; od&onf? (Positive)vuQ%mjzpfaewm pJefu ajymonf? a&;Xmeu ,ckvrSpI arG;cgprS ,if;od@k jzpfymG ;r_EiS hf ul; vlO;D a&ig;aomif;ausm&f +dS yD; 2009
+yD;cJhonfh Zlvkdifvykdif; awG@&w,f? tck pufwifbmv olu “yxrwcsufu 5ES p f t &G , f E S i f h arG ; cgpt&G , f r S pufr_E_ef;rsm;jym;vm&jcif;rSm p ckESpftwGif; omrefwkyfauG;a&m
u tqdkyg0ufoufa&m*gpwif av;&uf ig;&ufawmif &Sdae+yD? cE<mudk,fta&jym; (Energy) 15ES p f t &G , f x d & S d a om uav; cef;wGif;vlaexlxyfr_rsm;a=umifh *g? (A H1N1) 0ufwyk af uG; a&m
jzpfymG ;vSsu&f &dS m ,ckpufwifbm 'D0ufouf[m avSsmhusoGm;wm pG r f ; tm;ud k y suf p D ; apw,f ? rsm;udk umuG,faq;xkd;ay;rnfh jzpf+yD; ynmay;r_wckwnf;vkyf *gESifh ,ck 0ufoufa&m*g tygt
vxdwikd f ul;pufjyef@ymG ;E_e;f avSsmh r&Sdao;bl;”[k olu ajymonf? (Maln utition) tm[m&jywf tpDtpOfrsm;&Sd+yD; vuf&Sdtcsdef aqmifjcif;xuf umuG,af q;xk;d 0if a&m*gokH;rsKd;awG@&Sd+yD jzpfonf?
usr_r&Sdao;a=umif; r,fv'kuQ (Positive)vuQ%m vyfr_eJ@ óuH&Ekdifw,f? 'kwd,w wGif pcef;twGif;uGif;qif;um ay;rSomvSsif 0ufoufa&m*gudk Ô
u&ifowif;pOf/ pufwifbmv/ 2009 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 10
wESptf &G,f uav;r tr$muav;udk wl&uDEi dk i
f o
H m;
ud,
k 0
f efaqmifxm; urBmt h &yft&Snq f ;Hk
&a=umif; od&onf? wESpforD;
av; udk,f0efvG,fxm;onfht
jzpfonf[k q&m0efu ajymonf?
TonfrSm tvGef@t
yk*K~ v
d tf jzpf pHcsdeo
f pfwifchJ
a=umif;udk odvdkuf&onfhtcsdef vGefjzpfcJvS+yD; vlta,muf 5 pufwifbm 22&uf? autkdifpD urBmht}uD;qkH; vufrsm;ESifh ajc
wGif w±kwEf ikd if . H aq;zufqikd &f m odef;wGifrSm wa,mufyif jzpfcJ t&yf 8 ay 1 vufr&Sd axmufrsm;&Sdoltjzpfvnf; pHcsdef
avmuY tawmfyifthH=owkef onfhjzpf&yfjzpfonf? arG;zGm;rnfh aom wl&uDEidk if o H m; qlwefuv dk f wifEidk cf o
hJ jl zpfonf?
v_yo f mG ;=uonf? tcsdefa&mufvSsif olrtaejzifh qefonf vuf&SdurBmht&SnfqkH; touf (27)ESpt f &G,f
Mengru Kang . emusifpGm cGJarG;zGm;&vdrfhrnf[k yk*K~ v
d f rGe*f ;dk vD;,m;Ekid if oH m; aygif qlwefukdvfqefonf armifESr
Adu
k of nf rnfonft h wGuaf =umifh vnf; q&m0efu qufvufajym qD&Sef;ukd ausmfI urBmht&yft av;OD;&S&d m tm;vk;H u ykrH eS tf &G,f
wjznf;jznf;}uD;vmrSe;f rodonfh =um;oGm;onf? olr0rf;AdkufrS o &Snq f ;Hk yk*K~ v
d t
f jzpf pHcsed of pfwifchJ tpm;omjzpf=u+yD; touf(10)
twGuf aq;±Hkac:oGm;+yD; "gwfrSef aE<om;u qufvuf}uD;xGm;ae onf[k attufzfyD owif;Xme ESpt
f &G,w f iG f jzpfay:vmaom t
±duk =f unfv h u
kd &f m q&m0efu olr onfhtwGuf olr0rf;AdkufrSm ,ck u a&;om;azmfjycJhonf? }uw d af &m*gwrsK;d a=umifh ol. cE<m
udk,f0ef&Sdaejcif;udk xl;qef;pGm xufydk+yD; }uD;vmrnfjzpfonf?
od&Sdvdkuf&onf? ‚if;tjyif olr q&m0ef r sm;u ol r
vG,fxm;onfh udk,f0efrSmvnf; onf atmifjrifpGmarG;zGm;Edkifvdrfh
a,muf s m;av; tr$ m yl ; jzpf a e rnf[k ,H=k unfae=u+yD; vuf&t dS
onf? q&m0efuawmh rdcifjzpfol csdefwGif olrtaejzifh 0rf;xJrS ol
u olkrukd,f0efaqmifaecsdef wGif r. tr$marmifav;ESpaf ,mufukd
udk,f0efaqmif (1)ESpft&G,fuav;ESifh ‚. rdb aemufxyfrsK;d atmifvmaom ol cGaJ rG;&eftwGuf apmifq
h ikd ;f vSsu&f dS
w±kwfEkdifiHu Meng av;i,f a v;onf a,muf s m; rrdbESpfyg;. oaE<om;rSm olr onf? Ô
ru Kang qdkol wESpft&G,fu av;tr$myl;udk ud, k 0f efv, f m; 0rf;xJodk@0if+yD; }uD;jyif;vmjcif;
G x

zd@k 0de;f wGif jrefrmtqkad wmfrsm;jzifh &efyakH iG&mS azGyJG


ðyvkyr f nf
tar&duefEdkifiH/ tif'D aumif;/ R Zmenf/ aZmfydkifESifh o
,m;em;jynfe,f zdk@0def;òrdŒ&Sd aZw Zifwdk@u vma&mufqdkay;=urnf
0ef0d[m& ausmif;wdkuftwGuf [k od&onf?
&efyakH iG&&S&d ef emrnf}uD; jrefrmt ‚if;azsmaf jzyGw J iG f xdik cf kH
qdak wmftcsKŒd u (Lazy Club) tvH;k 100 vsmxm;um vufrw S f
wD;0dik ;f tzG@J EiS t
hf wl atmufwb kd m E_ef;xm;tm;jzifh 18ESpftxuf urBmht&yft&SnfqHk; vlom;udk wdkif;wmjypOf
(10)&ufae@wGif vma&mufazsmf vl}uD;rsm;u a':vmvufrw S rf sm;
ajzrnfjzpfonf? udk ,ltufpaf ':vm 50/ 30/ 20ESihf urBmht&yft&SnfqkH; ukd,frSm ykHrSefr[kwfbJ zGH@òzd;}uD;
xdkae@nae 5em&DrS n 10a':vm cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;+yD; yk*K~ v
d t f jzpf pHcsed o f pfwifc&H aom xGm;vmcJ+h y;D ,refEpS u
f tqkyd gt
11em&Dtxd zd@k 0ed ;f òrŒd &Sd HE ADW tD;ar;vf thirik@aol.com qlwefuv dk q f efonf pufwifbm }udwfukd z,f&Sm;cJh+yD;aemuf quf
ATER PARK (DOWNTOW od@k qufo, G I f csuv f ufrw S f óud v (17)&ufae@u *if;epfurBmhpH vuf zG@H xmG ;onft h &yfu &yfwef@
N), 333 S. CLINTON STRE wify@kd pepfjzifh 0,f,El idk o
f nf[k od csdefrSwfwrf; (Guinness World oGm;+yD;jzpfonf? ,cktcsdefwGif
ET, FORT WAYNE, IN
&onf? Ô Records 2010)pmtkyf xGuf&Sd ukv d qf efonf wkwaf umuf tul
46805 wGiðf yvkyo
f mG ;rnfh ‚if;&ef onfhtxdrf;trSwftjzpf ol. tnDjzifh vrf;av#mufae&onf
yHkaiG&SmazGyGJudk tqdkawmf cspf rdcifEkdifiHjyifyrS yxrqkH;c&D;pOft [k od&onf?
jzpf +Aw d ed Ef idk if H vef'efòrŒd ok@d a&muf okd@aomfvnf; ,ckuJh
&Sdvnfywfaeonf[k od&onf? okd@ xifay:ausmf=um;vmonfh
cs,fvqf ;D toif; 2011 txd upm;orm;opfrsm; ,cif urB m h t &yf t ukv d qf efu urBmw0Sr;f vnfywf
ac:,lciG hf ydwy
f ifc&
H &SnfqkH;yk*~Kdvf aygifqD&Sef;onf
t&yf 7 ay 8²95 vufr&Sd+yD; ,ck
cGifh&&ef arsmfvifhxm;+yD; ol.t
}uD;rm;qkH; tdyfrufuawmh vuf
t*Fvyd f y&D;rD;,m;vd*f 2011 Zefe0g&Dvtxd upm;o vkud o
f nf[o k &d onf? i,fupm;orm; umulwmtm; ESpf pHcsed w
f ifpm&if;wGif a&yef;pm;cJh xyfxrd ;f jrm;+yD; om;orD;rsm; yGm;
rS xdyfoD;toif;woif;jzpfonfh rm;opfac:,lcGifhudk zDzm (FIFA) cs,fvfqD;toif;onf w&m;r0if csOf;uyfac:,lcJhonfh ol t&yf 8 ay 0²7vufr&Sd w±kwf rsm;zkd@yg? olu “usaemf tcspfukd
cs,fvfqD;toif;onf vmrnfh urBmhabmvkH;tzJG@csKyfu ydwfyif vGecf ohJ nfh 2007ckEpS u
f jyifopfvl twGuf zDzmu xku d o hJ @kd ajymif;a&$@ EkdifiHom; ausmifvsef;ukd ausmfI &Smaeygw,f”[k vef'efo@dk a&muf
ydwyf ifum jypf'%fcsrw S v f udk jf cif; ukv d q f efu urBmph cH sed w f ifEidk cf jhJ cif; &SdpOf ajym=um;oGm;cJhonf? Ô
jzpfonf? jzpfonf? xkd@tjyif ukdvfqefu
cs,fvfqD;toif;onf
4if;.toif;om;rsm;jzifhom u
pm;oGm;&rnfjzpf+yD; toif;wGif wuf/ vDAmyl;vf/ refcsufpwm pD; ( 2 5 ) O D ; t x d o m
vuf&u dS pm;aeonfh tJvufp/f rkid f wD;toif;rsm;onfvnf; vli,f pm&if ; wif o G i f ; Ek d i f +yD ;
u,fabmvuf? umA,fvf[kd p upm;o rm;rsm; ac:,lrw _ iG f r&k;d r 4if;wdk@teuf (8)OD;rSm touf
onfh upm;orm;rsm;uvnf; pm om;vkycf o hJ nf[k pGypf rJG r_ sm; quf (21)ES p f x uf rausmf o nf h
csKyfoufwrf;aphcsdefeD;vmojzifh wkud xf u G af y:v#u&f &dS m tqkyd g t i,f a rG ; +cH a yguf
toif;.vkdtyfcsuf/ tm;enf; &_wftaxG;jy\ema=umifh t*F upm;orm;rsm;jzpf & rnf [k
csufrsm;udk jyifqifEkdifawmhrnf r vdyf y&D;rD;,m;vd*f abmvkH;tzJG@ od&onf?
[kwo f nfth jyif toif;. ajcpGr;f csKyfu vli,fupm;orm;rsm;ESifh cs,fvfqD;toif;onf
udkyg xdckdufaprnfjzpfa=umif; +Ad ywfoufonfh pnf;rsOf;opfudk cs 1905ckESpfu pwifwnfaxmifcJh
wdefrD'D,mrsm;u azmfjyonf? rSwv f udk af =umif; od&onf? &m vuf&t dS oif;ydik &f iS o
f nf &k&mS ;
xk d e nf ; wl y if y&D ; rD ; ,if;pnf;rsOf;t& vm oef;ºuG,folaX;}uD; atb&mrkd
,m;vd*f xdyfoD;toif;}uD;rsm; rnf&h moDrS pwifI y&D;rD;,m;vd*f Apfcsfjzpf+yD; tDwvDEkdifiHom; tef
cs,fvfqD; abmvHk;toif; jzpf=uonfh refcsufpwm,lEkduf toif ; wk d i f ; onf upm;orm;
u&ifowif;pOf/ pufwifbmv/ 2009 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 11
o#rf;uav;i,fwOD; "mwfyr
kH w
S w
f rf;
xdi
k ;f Edi
k i
f *
H %
k af qmifonfh qk&&Sd
xkwfay;um oGm;a&muf,SOfòydif
cGifhðyvdkufjcif;jzpfonf?
arG;csif;ESpfOD;teuf t
}uD;jzpf+yD; 1997ckESpfwGif xdkif;
Edik if YH arG;zGm;cJo h l armifaxmif;'D.
rdbrsm;onf o#rf;jynfe,f/ erfh
qefZmwdom;rsm;jzpfum xdik ;f Edik f
iH/ csi;f rdik òf rd@wiG f w&m;r0if aexdik f
=uonfh aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rS
jrefrma&$@ajymif; tvkyo f rm;rsm;
jzpf=uonf? “'DpuULacgufav
,mOfav;u ol@udk tcGifhta&;
awG/ aumif;usKd;awG ay;vdrfhr,f
vdk@ rawG;rdygbl;”[k ajymqdkcJh
onfh zcifjzpfol pdkif;!$ef@onf
,cifu om;jzpfoludk ydkufqHESifh
puULrsm; ðzef;wD;aeonf qlylcJh Photo-KIC
ao;onf?
pdkif;armif;axmif;'Dtm; *syefEdkifiHrS &&Sdvmonfh qkwHqdyfESifhtwl awG@&pOf rJaqmufòrd hwGif urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;ae@twGuf
pdkif;armif;axmif;'Du
“usaemf ig;ref;acgif;eJ@ iSufav; tzGJ htpnf;toD;oD;rS vrf;av#mufcsDwufae=uonf?
pufwifbmv 28&uf? òydifyGJwGif csefyD,Hqkudk &&SdcJhojzifh t}udrf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifpOfu awGvdk awmifyHygwJh av,mOfysH
apmxGef;Ekdif (autdkifpD) ol. q&m/ q&mrrsm;u txl; vnf ; yxrqk t jzpf bwf a iG awGudk=unhf+yD; bma=umifh puf
*syefEdkifiH wdkusKd+rdK@wGif yif 0rf ; omyD w d j zpf = uonf [ k (5000)ESifh v#yfppfav,mOfwpD; }uD;u aumif;uifrmS yso H ef;Ekid o
f
ðyvkyfusif;yonfh tdk&D*grD puUL owif;Xmersm;wGif a&;om;azmf &&SdcJhonf[k zcifjzpfolu ajym vJ q d k w m t&rf ; pd w f 0 if p m;rd
acguf av,mOf+ydKifyw JG iG f xkid ;f Edik if H jyxm;onf? onf? w,f”[k *syefEkdifiHodk@ rxGufcGm
ud,k pf m;ðy oGm;a&muf,OS òf ydicf o hJ l *syef E d k i f i H / td k * g&D r D csif;rdkif+rdK@ a[G@qdkif;t cifu ol.pdw0f ifpm;r_ukd o#r;f oH
touf 12ESpft&G,f o#rf;wdkif; puU L acguf a v,mOf ò yd i f y J G ,S O f &yf&Sd xdkif;tpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif; awmfqifo h @kd ajymcJoh nf?
&if;om;vli,fav; pdkif;armif; òydi&f ef zdwaf c:cH&ol armifaxmif; rS pwkwˆKwef;ausmif;om; o#rf; pufwifbmv 21&uf
axmif;'Donf qkEpS cf u k kd qGwcf ;l & 'Donf vGefcJhonfh =o*kwfvu vlrsKd;av; armifaxmif;'Donf ae@wG i f *syef E k d i f i H r S jyef v nf
&SdvmcJhonf? befaumuf+rdK@Y usi;f yonfh puUL ,ckv 19&ufae@wGif *syefEdkifiHY a&muf&Sdvm+yD; ,ckvdk xdkif;EkdifiH
tqdyk gòydiyf . JG wOD;csi;f acguf av,mOfòydifyGJwGif oGm; usif;yjyKvkyfonfh puULacgufav *k%faqmifcJhol armifaxmif;'D.
,SOfòydifr_wGif armifaxmif;'D. a&muf,OS +f ydKifc&hJ m ‚if;.puULav ,mOf+ydKifyGJudk oGm;a&muf,SOf+ydKif qk & &S d r _ r sm;tay: xd k i f ; od y ` H E S i f h
puULav,mOfonf avxJwGif ,mOfysHonf avxJwGif 12²50 &eftwGuf tpydkif;wGif uef@uGuf enf;ynmXmeu oD;jcm;*k%fðyyJG
10²53puUe@f t=um v$ww f ifEikd cf hJ puUe@f=um ysH0JEdkifcJh+yD; yxrqkudk r_rsm;&SdcJh&mrS xdkif;jynfxJa&;0ef tpDtpOfwck ðyvkyaf y;rnf[k od Photo-KIC

aoma=umifh wwd,qk a=u;wH vnf;aumif;/ 2008ckESpf =o*kwf }uD;Xmeu pufwifbmv (3)&uf &onf?
autJeft,fvfat ppfOD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;rlwl;ap;zdk;rS
qdyfudk &&SdcJh+yD; 3OD;yg tkyfpkvkduf vuvnf; csif;rdkif+rdK@wGif yxr ae@wGif ,m,DEdkifiHul;vufrSwf
oifwef;qif; Akdvfavmif;wOD;tm; &mxl;wHqdyf wyfay;aeonf?

puULacgufav,mOfukd ypfvw$ wf ifaeonfh o#r;f vli,fav; ,laua&muf rsKd;qufopfu&ifvli,farmifr,frsm; t*FvefEdkifiH/ vef'efòrd hwGif ðyvkyfonfh
pdkif;armif;axmif;'D u&ifh,Ofaus;r_yGJwGif ,ckvdk vGwfvyfpGm aysmf&$ifae=uonf?

Photo-KCA

u&ifowif;pOf/ pufwifbmv/ 2009 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 12

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy