Designation: A796/A796M 10

Standard Practice for

Structural Design of Corrugated Steel Pipe, Pipe-Arches,
and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewers and Other
Buried Applications
1
This standard is issued under the xed designation A796/A796M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the structural design of corrugated
steel pipe and pipe-arches, ribbed and composite ribbed steel
pipe, ribbed pipe with metallic-coated inserts, closed rib steel
pipe, composite corrugated steel pipe, and steel structural plate
pipe, pipe-arches, and underpasses for use as storm sewers and
sanitary sewers, and other buried applications. Ribbed and
composite ribbed steel pipe, ribbed pipe with metallic-coated
inserts, closed rib steel pipe, and composite corrugated steel
pipe shall be of helical fabrication having a continuous
lockseam. This practice is for pipe installed in a trench or
embankment and subjected to earth loads and live loads. It
must be recognized that a buried corrugated steel pipe is a
composite structure made up of the steel ring and the soil
envelope, and both elements play a vital part in the structural
design of this type of structure. This practice applies to
structures installed in accordance with Practice A798/A798M
or A807/A807M.
1.2 Corrugated steel pipe and pipe-arches shall be of annu-
lar fabrication using riveted or spot-welded seams, or of helical
fabrication having a continuous lockseam or welded seam.
1.3 Structural plate pipe, pipe-arches, underpasses, and
arches are fabricated in separate plates that, when assembled at
the job site by bolting, form the required shape.
1.4 This specication is applicable to design in inch-pound
units as A796 or in SI units as A796M. Inch-pound units and SI
units are not necessarily equivalent. SI units are shown in
brackets in the text for clarity, but they are the applicable
values when the design is done per A796M.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
A760/A760M Specication for Corrugated Steel Pipe,
Metallic-Coated for Sewers and Drains
A761/A761M Specication for Corrugated Steel Structural
Plate, Zinc-Coated, for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches,
and Arches
A762/A762M Specication for Corrugated Steel Pipe,
Polymer Precoated for Sewers and Drains
A798/A798M Practice for Installing Factory-Made Corru-
gated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other Applications
A807/A807M Practice for Installing Corrugated Steel
Structural Plate Pipe for Sewers and Other Applications
A902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-
ucts
A978/A978M Specication for Composite Ribbed Steel
Pipe, Precoated and Polyethylene Lined for Gravity Flow
Sanitary Sewers, Storm Sewers, and Other Special Appli-
cations
A1019/A1019M Specication for Closed Rib Steel Pipe
with Diameter of 36 in. [900 mm] or Less, Polymer
Precoated for Sewers and Drains
A1042/A1042M Specication for Composite Corrugated
Steel Pipe for Sewers and Drains
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft
3
(600
kN-m/m
3
))
D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Place by Sand-Cone Method
D2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on Metallic-
Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A05.17 on Corrugated Steel Pipe Specications.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A796/A796M - 06.
DOI: 10.1520/A0796_A0796M-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2487 Practice for Classication of Soils for Engineering
Purposes (Unied Soil Classication System)
D2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate
in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
3
D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the
Drive-Cylinder Method
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
4
Standard Specications for Highway Bridges
2.3 FAA Standard:
5
AC No. 150/53205B Advisory Circular, Airport Drain-
age, Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation
Administration, 1970
3. Terminology
3.1 General DenitionsFor denitions of general terms
used in this practice, refer to Terminology A902. For deni-
tions of terms specic to this standard, refer to 3.2.
3.2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard:
3.2.1 arch, na pipe shape that is supported on footings
and does not have a full metal invert.
3.2.2 bedding, nthe earth or other material on which the
pipe is laid, consisting of a thin layer of imported material on
top of the in situ foundation.
3.2.3 haunch, nthe portion of the pipe cross section
between the maximum horizontal dimension and the top of the
bedding.
3.2.4 invert, nthe lowest portion of the pipe cross section;
also, the bottom portion of the pipe.
3.2.5 pipe, na conduit having a full circular shape, or in a
general context, all structure shapes covered by this practice.
3.2.6 pipe-arch, na pipe shape consisting of an approxi-
mate semi-circular top portion, small radius corners, and large
radius invert.
4. Symbols
4.1 The symbols used in this practice have the following
signicance:
A = required wall area, in.
2
/ft [mm
2
/mm]
(AL) = maximum highway design axle load, lbf [N]
C
l
= longitudinal live load distribution factor for pipe
arches
d = depth of corrugation, in. [mm]
E = modulus of elasticity = 29 by 10
6
lbf/in.
2
[200 by
10
3
MPa]
(EL) = earth load, lbf/ft
2
[kPa]
(FF) = exibility factor, in./lbf [mm/N]
f
y
= specied minimum yield strength
For 6 by 2in. [150 by 50mm] corrugation
Type 33 = 33 000 lbf/in.
2
[225 MPa]
Type 38 = 38 000 lbf/in.
2
[260 MPa]
For 15 by 5
1
2 in. [380 by 140mm] and 16 by 6in. [400 by
150mm] corrugations = 44 000 lbf/in.
2
[300 MPa]
For all other corrugations = 33 000 lbf/in.
2
[225 MPa]
f
u
= specied minimum tensile strength
For 6 by 2in. [150 by 50mm] corrugation
Type 33 = 45 000 lbf/in.
2
[310 MPa]
Type 38 = 48 000 lbf/in.
2
[330 MPa]
For 15 by 15
1
2 in. [380 by 140mm] and 16 by 6in. [400 by
150mm] corrugations = 55 000 lbf/in.
2
[380 MPa]
For all other corrugations = 45 000 lbf/in.
2
[310 MPa]
f
c
= critical buckling stress, lbf/in.
2
[MPa]
h = height of cover, in. [mm] determined as fol-
lows: (1) highwaysfrom top of pipe to top
of rigid pavement, or to top of subgrade for
exible pavement; (2) railwaystop of pipe
to bottom of tie
H = depth of ll above top of pipe, ft [m]
H
min
= minimum depth of ll, ft [m]
H
max
= maximum depth of ll, ft [m]
I = moment of inertia of corrugated shape, in.
4
/
in. [mm
4
/mm] (see Tables 2-35)
(IL) = pressure from impact load, lbf/ft
2
[kPa]
k = soil stiffness factor = 0.22 for good side-ll
material compacted to 90 % of standard den-
sity based on Test Method D698
L
1
, L
2
, L
3
= loaded lengths, in. [mm] dened in 18.3
(LL) = pressure from live load, lbf/ft
2
[kPa]
P = total design load or pressure, lbf/ft
2
[kPa]
P
c
= corner pressure, lbf/ft
2
[kPa]
P
f
= factored crown pressure, lbf/ft
2
[kPa]
r = radius of gyration of corrugation, in. [mm]
(see Tables 2-35)
r
c
= corner radius of pipe-arch, in. [mm]
R
n
= nominal resistance for each limit state, lbf/
ft [kN/m]
R
f
= factored resistance for each limit state, lbf/
ft [kN/m]
r
l
= radius at crown, in. [mm]
S = pipe diameter or span, ft [m]
s = pipe diameter or span, in. [mm]
(SF) = safety factor
(SS) = required seam strength, lbf/ft [kN/m]
T = thrust in pipe wall, lbf/ft [kN/m]
T
f
= factored thrust in pipe wall, lbf/ft [kN/m]
w = unit force derived from 1 ft
3
[1 m
3
] of ll
material above the pipe, lbf/ft
3
[kN/m
3
].
When actual ll material is not known, use
120 lbf/ft
3
[19 kN/m
3
]
f = resistance factor
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.
5
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402. Publication No. SN-050-007-00149-5.
A796/A796M 10
2
5. Basis of Design
5.1 The safety factors and other specic quantitative recom-
mendations herein represent generally accepted design prac-
tice. The design engineer should, however, determine that these
recommendations meet particular project needs.
5.2 This practice is not applicable for long-span structural
plate pipe or other multi-radius shapes not described herein.
Such structures require additional design considerations for
both the pipe and the soil envelope. In addition to meeting all
other design requirements given herein, the maximum diam-
eters or spans for structures designed by this practice are as
follows:
Shape Maximum Diameter or Span, ft [mm]
pipe, arch 26 [7920 mm]
pipe-arch, underpass 21 [6400 mm]
5.3 This practice is not applicable for pipe with a specied
thickness less than 0.052 in. [1.32 mm] for installations under
railways and airport runways.
6. Loads
6.1 The design load or pressure on a pipe is comprised of
earth load (EL), live load (LL), and impact load (IL). These
loads are applied as a uid pressure acting on the pipe
periphery.
6.2 For steel pipe buried in a trench or in an embankment on
a yielding foundation, loads are dened as follows:
6.2.1 The earth load (EL) is the weight of the column of soil
directly above the pipe:
~EL! 5 Hw (1)
6.2.2 Live LoadsThe live load (LL) is that portion of the
weight of vehicle, train, or aircraft moving over the pipe that is
distributed through the soil to the pipe.
6.2.2.1 Live Loads Under HighwayLive load pressures
for H20 highway loadings, including impact effects, are:
Height of Cover, ft [m] Live Load, lbf/ft
2
[kPa]
1 [0.30] 1800 [86.2]
2 [0.61] 800 [38.3]
3 [0.91] 600 [28.7]
4 [1.22] 400 [19.2]
5 [1.52] 250 [12.0]
6 [1.83] 200 [9.6]
7 [2.13] 175 [8.4]
8 [2.44] 100 [4.8]
over 8 [over 2.44] neglect []
6.2.2.2 Live Loads Under RailwaysLive load pressures
for E80 railway loadings, including impact effects, are as
follows:
Height of Cover, ft [m] Live Load, lbf/ft
2
[kPa]
2 [0.61] 3800 [181.9]
5 [1.52] 2400 [114.9]
8 [2.44] 1600 [76.6]
10 [3.05] 1100 [52.7]
12 [3.66] 800 [38.3]
15 [4.57] 600 [28.7]
20 [6.10] 300 [14.4]
30 [9.14] 100 [4.8]
over 30 [over 9.14] neglect []
6.2.2.3 Values for intermediate covers shall be interpolated.
6.2.2.4 Live Loads Under Aircraft RunwaysBecause of
the many different wheel congurations and weights, live load
pressures for aircraft vary. Such pressures must be determined
for the specic aircrafts for which the installation is designed;
see FAA Standard AC No. 150/5320-5B.
6.2.3 Impact LoadsLoads caused by the impact of mov-
ing traffic are important only at low heights of cover. Their
effects have been included in the live load pressures in 6.2.2.
7. Design Method
7.1 Strength requirements for wall strength, buckling
strength, and seam strength may be determined by either the
allowable stress design (ASD) method presented in Section 8,
or the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method
presented in Section 9. Additionally, the design considerations
in other paragraphs shall be followed for either design method.
8. Design by ASD Method
8.1 The thrust in the pipe wall shall be checked by three
criteria. Each considers the joint function of the steel pipe and
the surrounding soil envelope.
8.1.1 Required Wall Area:
8.1.1.1 Determine the design pressure and the ring compres-
sion thrust in the steel pipe wall as follows:
P 5 EL 1 LL 1 IL (2)
T 5
PS
2
(3)
8.1.1.2 Determine the required wall cross-sectional area.
The safety factor (SF) on wall area is 2.
A 5
T ~SF!
f
y
(4)
Select from Table 2, Table 4, Table 6, Table 8, Table 10,
Table 12, Table 14, Table 16, Table 18, Table 20, Table 22,
Table 24, Table 26, Table 28, Table 30, Table 32, or Table 34
[Table 3, Table 5, Table 7, Table 9, Table 11, Table 13, Table
15, Table 17, Table 19, Table 21, Table 23, Table 25, Table 27,
TABLE 1 Resistance Factors for LRFD Design
Type of Pipe Limit State Resistance Factor, f
Helical pipe with lock seam or fully welded seam Minimum wall area and buckling 1.00
Annular pipe with spot-welded, riveted, or bolted seam Minimum wall area and buckling 1.00
Minimum seam strength 0.67
Structural plate pipe Minimum wall area and buckling 1.00
Minimum seam strength 0.67
A796/A796M 10
3
Table 29, Table 31, Table 33, or Table 35] a wall thickness
equal to or greater than the required wall area (A).
8.1.2 Critical Buckling StressCheck section prole with
the required wall area for possible wall buckling. If the critical
buckling stress f
c
is less than the minimum yield stress f
y
,
recalculate the required wall area using f
c
instead of f
y
.
If s ,
r
k

24E
f
u
then f
c
5 f
u
2
f
u
2
48E
S
ks
r
D
2
(5)
If s .
r
k

24E
f
u
then f
c
5
12E
S
ks
r
D
2
(6)
8.1.3 Required Seam Strength:
8.1.3.1 Since helical lockseam and welded-seam pipe have
no longitudinal seams, this criterion is not valid for these types
of pipe.
8.1.3.2 For pipe fabricated with longitudinal seams (riveted,
spot-welded, or bolted) the seam strength shall be sufficient to
develop the thrust in the pipe wall. The safety factor on seam
strength (SS) is 3.
~SS! 5 T ~SF! (7)
8.1.3.3 Check the ultimate seam strengths shown in Table 4,
Table 6, Table 32, or Table 34, [Table 5, Table 7, Table 33, or
Table 35]. If the required seam strength exceeds that shown for
the steel thickness already chosen, use a heavier pipe whose
seam strength exceeds the required seam strength.
9. Design by LRFD Method
9.1 Factored LoadsThe pipe shall be designed to resist
the following combination of factored earth load (EL) and live
load plus impact (LL + IL):
P
f
5 1.95 EL 1 1.75 ~LL 1 IL! (8)
9.2 Factored ThrustThe factored thrust, T
f
, per unit
length of wall shall be determined from the factored crown
pressure P
f
as follows:
T
f
5 P
f
S/2 (9)
9.3 Factored ResistanceThe factored resistance (R
f
) shall
equal or exceed the factored thrust. R
f
shall be calculated for
the limit states of wall resistance, resistance to buckling, and
seam resistance (where applicable) as follows:
R
f
5 f R
n
(10)
The resistance factor (f) shall be as specied in Table 1. The
nominal resistance (R
n
) shall be calculated as specied in 9.4,
9.5, and 9.6.
9.4 Wall ResistanceThe nominal axial resistance per unit
length of wall without consideration of buckling shall be taken
as:
R
n
5 f
y
A (11)
9.5 Resistance to BucklingThe nominal resistance calcu-
lated using Eq 11 shall be investigated for buckling. If f
c
< f
y
,
R
n
shall be recalculated using f
c
instead of f
y
. The value of f
c
shall be determined from Eq 5 or Eq 6 as applicable.
9.6 Seam Resistance For pipe fabricated with longitudinal
seams, the nominal resistance of the seam per unit length of
wall shall be taken as the ultimate seam strength shown in
Table 4, Table 6, Table 32, or Table 34 [Table 5, Table 7, Table
33, or Table 35].
10. Handling and Installation
10.1 The pipe shall have enough rigidity to withstand the
forces that are normally applied during shipment, handling, and
installation. Both shop- and eld-assembled pipe shall have
strength adequate to withstand compaction of the sidell
without interior bracing to maintain pipe shape. Handling and
installation rigidity is measured by the following exibility
requirement.
~FF! 5
s
2
EI
(12)
10.2 For curve and tangent corrugated pipe installed in a
trench cut in undisturbed soil, the exibility factor shall not
exceed the following:
Depth of Corrugation, in. [mm] FF, in./lbf [mm/N]
1
4 [6.5] 0.060 [0.342]
3
8 [10] 0.060 [0.342]
1
2 [13] 0.060 [0.342]
1 [25] 0.060 [0.342]
2 [51] 0.020 [0.114]
5
1
2 [140] 0.020 [0.114]
10.3 For curve and tangent corrugated pipe installed in an
embankment or ll section and for all multiple lines of pipe,
the exibility factor shall not exceed the following:
Depth of Corrugation, in. [mm] FF, in./lbf [mm/N]
1
4 [6.5] 0.043 [0.245]
3
8 [10] 0.043 [0.245]
1
2 [13] 0.043 [0.245]
1 [25] 0.033 [0.188]
2 (round pipe) [51] 0.020 [0.114]
2 (pipe-arch, arch, underpass) [51] 0.030 [0.171]
5
1
2 (round pipe) [140] 0.020 [0.114]
5
1
2 (pipe-arch, arch, underpass)
[140]
0.030 [0.171]
10.4 For ribbed pipes and ribbed pipes with metallic-coated
inserts, installed in a trench cut in undisturbed soil and
provided with a soil envelope meeting the requirements of
18.2.3 to minimize compactive effort, the exibility factor shall
not exceed the following:
Prole, in. [mm] FF, in./lbf [mm/N]
3
4 by
3
4 by 7
1
2 [19 by 19 by 190] 0.367 I
1/3
[0.0825]
3
4 by 1 by 8
1
2 [19 by 25 by 216] 0.262 I
1/3
[0.0589]
3
4 by 1 by 11
1
2 [19 by 25 by 292] 0.220 I
1/3
[0.0495]
10.5 For ribbed pipes and ribbed pipes with metallic-coated
inserts, installed in a trench cut in undisturbed soil and where
the soil envelope does not meet the requirements of 18.2.3, the
exibility factor shall not exceed the following:
Prole, in. [mm] FF, in./lbf [mm/N]
3
4 by
3
4 by 7
1
2 [19 by 19 by 190] 0.263 I
1/3
[0.0591]
3
4 by 1 by 8
1
2 [19 by 25 by 216] 0.163 I
1/3
[0.0366]
3
4 by 1 by 11
1
2 [19 by 25 by 292] 0.163 I
1/3
[0.0366]
10.6 For ribbed pipes and ribbed pipes with metallic-coated
inserts, installed in an embankment or ll section, the exibil-
ity factor shall not exceed the following:
Prole, in. [mm] FF, in./lbf [mm/N]
3
4 by
3
4 by 7
1
2 [19 by 19 by 190] 0.217 I
1/3
[0.0488]
3
4 by 1 by 8
1
2 [19 by 25 by 216] 0.140 I
1/3
[0.0315]
3
4 by 1 by 11
1
2 [19 by 25 by 292] 0.140 I
1/3
[0.0315]
A796/A796M 10
4
10.7 For composite ribbed pipe, the exibility factor limits
for ribbed pipe in 10.4-10.6 shall be multiplied by 1.05.
10.8 For closed rib pipe installed in a trench cut in undis-
turbed soil, or in an embankment or ll section, and for all
multiple lines of such pipe, the exibility factor shall not
exceed the following:
Depth of Rib, in. [mm] FF, in./lbf [mm/N]
1
2 [13] 0.0575 [0.328]
3
8 [9.5] 0.0500 [0.286]
1
4 [6] 0.0500 [0.286]
11. Minimum Cover Requirements
11.1 Minimum Cover DesignWhere pipe is to be placed
under roads, streets, or freeways, the minimum cover require-
ments shall be determined. Minimum cover (H
min
) is dened as
the distance from the top of the pipe to the top of rigid
pavement or to the top of subgrade for exible pavement.
Maximum axle loads in accordance with AASHTO Standard
Specication for Highway Bridges are as follows:
Class of Loading Maximum Axle Load, lbf [N]
H20 32 000 [142 300]
HS 20 32 000 [142 300]
H15 24 000 [106 700]
HS 15 24 000 [106 700]
When:

~AL!d
EI
. 0.23 or , 0.45, (13)
the minimum cover requirement is:
H
min
5 0.55S

~AL!d
EI
(14)
When:

~AL!d
EI
, 0.23 then H
min
5
S
8
(15)
When:

~AL!d
EI
. 0.45 then H
min
5
S
4
(16)
In all cases, H
min
is never less than 1 ft [300 mm].
Additionally, for pipe with a specied thickness less than 0.052
in. [1.32 mm], H
min
shall not be less than 2 ft [600 mm].
11.2 Minimum Cover Under RailwaysWhere pipe is to be
placed under railways, the minimum cover (measured from the
top of the pipe to the bottom of the crossties) shall not be less
than
1
4 of the span for factory-made pipe, or
1
5 of the span for
eld-bolted pipe. In all cases, the minimum cover is never less
than 1 ft [300 mm] for round pipe, or 2 ft [600 mm] for arches
and pipe-arches.
11.3 Minimum Cover Under Aircraft RunwaysWhere pipe
is to be placed under rigid-pavement runways, the minimum
cover is 1.5 ft [450 mm] from the top of the pipe to the bottom
of the slab, regardless of the type of pipe or the loading. For
pipe under exible-pavement runways, the minimum cover
must be determined for the specic pipe and loadings that are
to be considered; see FAA Standard AC No. 150/5320-5B.
11.4 Construction LoadsIt is important to protect drain-
age structures during construction. Heavy construction equip-
ment shall not be allowed close to or on buried pipe unless
provisions are made to accommodate the loads imposed by
such equipment. The minimum cover shall be 4 ft [1.2 m]
unless eld conditions and experience justify modication.
12. Deection
12.1 The application of deection design criteria is optional.
Long-term eld experience and test results have demonstrated
that corrugated steel pipe, properly installed using suitable ll
material, will experience no signicant deection. Some de-
signers, however, continue to apply a deection limit.
13. Smooth-Lined Pipe
13.1 Corrugated steel pipe composed of a smooth interior
steel liner and a corrugated steel exterior shell that are attached
integrally at the continuous helical lockseam shall be designed
in accordance with this practice on the same basis as a standard
corrugated steel pipe having the same corrugation as the shell
and a weight per unit length equal to the sum of the weights of
liner and shell. The corrugated shell shall be limited to
corrugations having a maximum pitch of 3 in. [75 mm]
nominal and a thickness of not less than 60 % of the total
thickness of the equivalent standard pipe. The distance be-
tween parallel helical seams, when measured along the longi-
tudinal axis of the pipe, shall be no greater than 30 in. [750
mm].
14. Smooth Pipe with Ribs
14.1 Pipe composed of a single thickness of smooth sheet,
or smooth sheet and composite polyethylene liner, with helical
rectangular or deltoid ribs projecting outwardly, shall be
designed on the same basis as a standard corrugated steel pipe.
14.2 Pipe composed of a single thickness of smooth steel
with helical closed ribs projecting outwardly shall be designed
on the same basis as a standard corrugated pipe.
14.3 Pipe composed of a single thickness of smooth sheet
with essentially rectangular helical ribs projecting outwardly
and having metallic-coated inserts, shall be designed on the
same basis as a standard corrugated steel pipe.
15. Composite Corrugated Steel Pipe
15.1 Composite corrugated steel pipe of all types shall be
designed on the same basis as standard corrugated steel pipe
with a curve and tangent prole.
16. Pipe-Arch Design
16.1 Pipe-arch and underpass design shall be similar to
round pipe using twice the top radius as the span (S).
17. Materials
17.1 Acceptable pipe materials, methods of manufacture,
and quality of nished pipe are given in Specications A760/
A760M, A761/A761M, A762/A762M, A978/A978M, A1019/
A1019M, and A1042/A1042M.
18. Soil Design
18.1 The performance of a exible corrugated steel pipe is
dependent on soil-structure interaction and soil stiffness.
18.2 Soil Parameters to be Considered:
18.2.1 The type and anticipated behavior of the foundation
soil under the design load must be considered.
A796/A796M 10
5
18.2.2 The type compacted density and strength properties
of the soil envelope immediately adjacent to the pipe shall be
established. Good side-ll material is considered to be a
granular material with little or no plasticity and free of organic
material. Soils meeting the requirements of Groups GW, GP,
GM, GC, SW, and SP as described in Classication D2487 are
acceptable, when compacted to 90 % of maximum density as
determined by Test Method D698. Test Method D1556, D2167,
D2922, or D2937 are alternate methods used to determine the
in-place density of the soil. Soil types SM and SC are
acceptable but require closer control to obtain the specied
density; the recommendation of a qualied geotechnical or
soils engineer is advisable, particularly on large structures.
18.2.3 Ribbed pipes, ribbed pipes with metallic-coated in-
serts, and composite ribbed pipes covered by 10.4 shall have
soil envelopes of clean, nonplastic materials meeting the
requirements of Groups GP and SP in accordance with Clas-
sication D2487, or well-graded granular materials meeting
the requirements of Groups GW, SW, GM, SM, GC, or SC in
accordance with Classication D2487, with a maximum plas-
ticity index (PI) of 10. All envelope materials shall be
compacted to a minimum 90 % standard density in accordance
with Test Method D698. Maximum loose lift thickness shall be
8 in. [200 mm].
NOTE 1Soil cement or cement slurries are acceptable alternatives to
select granular materials
18.2.4 Closed rib pipes covered by 10.8 shall meet the
requirements of 18.2.2 but, when the height of cover is over 15
ft [4.6 m], the structural soil envelope shall be compacted to
95 % of maximum density.
18.2.5 The size of the structural soil envelope shall be 2 ft
[600 mm] minimum each side for trench installations and one
diameter minimum each side for embankment installations.
This structural soil envelope shall extend at least 1 ft [300 mm]
above the top of the pipe.
18.3 Pipe-Arch Soil Bearing DesignThe pipe-arch shape
causes the soil pressure at the corner to be much higher than the
soil pressure across the top of the pipe-arch. The maximum
height of cover and the minimum cover requirement are often
determined by the bearing capacity of the soil in the region of
the pipe-arch corner. Accordingly, bedding and backll mate-
rial in the region of the pipe-arch corners shall be selected and
placed such that the allowable soil bearing pressure is no less
than the anticipated corner pressure calculated from the fol-
lowing equation:
P
c
5 ~C
I
LL 1 EL!r
1
/r
c
(17)
LL shall be calculated as described in Section 6 for the
design depths of ll (maximum and minimum), except that the
following modications shall be made to remove impact
effects: (1) for H20 live loads (see 6.2.2.1) use 1600 psf [77
kPa] instead of 1800 psf [86 kPa]; and (2) for E80 live loads,
divide the live load pressures listed in 6.2.2.2 by 1.5. The factor
C
1
may be conservatively taken as 1.0 or may be calculated as
follows:
18.3.1 For H20 highway live loads:
C
1
5 L
1
/L
2
when L
2
# 72 in. [1830 mm# (18)
C
1
5 2L
1
/L
3
when L
2
. 72 in. [1830 mm#
where:
L
1
40 1~h 2 12!1.75 [L
1
5 1016 1~h 2305!1.75] (19)
L
2
5 L
1
1 1.37s [L
2
5 L
1
1 1.37s]
L
3
5 L
2
1 72 [L
3
5 L
2
1 1829]
18.3.2 For E80 railway live loads:
C
1
5 L
1
/L
2
(20)
where:
L
1
5 96 1 1.75h [L
1
5 2438 1 1.75h] (21)
L
2
5 L
1
1 1.37s [L
2
5 L
1
1 1.37s]
19. Minimum Spacing
19.1 When multiple lines of pipes or pipe-arches greater
than 48 in. [1200 mm] in diameter or span are used, they shall
be spaced so that the sides of the pipe shall be no closer than
one half of a diameter or 3 ft [900 mm], whichever is less, so
that sufficient space for adequate compaction of the ll material
is available. For diameters up to 48 in. [1200 mm], the
minimum distance between the sides of the pipes shall be no
less than 2 ft [600 mm].
19.2 Materials, such as cement slurry, soil cement, concrete,
and various foamed mixes, that set-up without mechanical
compaction are permitted to be placed between structures with
as little as 6 in. [150 mm] of clearance.
20. End Treatment
20.1 Protection of end slopes shall require special consid-
eration where backwater conditions occur or where erosion and
uplift could be a problem.
20.2 End walls designed on a skewed alignment require-
ment special design.
21. Abrasive or Corrosive Conditions
21.1 Where additional resistance to corrosion is required,
consider increasing the steel thickness or the use of coatings.
Where additional resistance to abrasion is required, consider
the use of invert paving as well.
22. Construction and Installation
22.1 The construction and installation of corrugated steel
pipe and pipe-arches and steel structural plate pipe, pipe-
arches, arches, and underpasses shall conform to Practice
A798/A798M or A807/A807M.
23. Structural Plate Arches
23.1 The design of structural plate arches shall be based on
a minimum ratio of rise to span of 0.3; otherwise, the structural
design is the same as for structural plate pipe.
23.2 Footing Design:
23.2.1 The load transmitted to the footing is considered to
act tangential to the steel plate at its point of connection to the
footing. The load is equal to the thrust in the arch plate.
23.2.2 The footing shall be designed to provide settlement
of an acceptable magnitude uniformly along the longitudinal
axis. Providing for the arch to settle will protect it from
possible overload forces induced by the settling adjacent
embankment ll.
A796/A796M 10
6
23.2.3 Where poor materials that do not provide adequate
support are encountered, a sufficient quantity of the poor
material shall be removed and replaced with acceptable mate-
rial.
23.2.4 It is undesirable to make the arch relatively unyield-
ing or xed compared to the adjacent sidell. The use of
massive footings or piles to prevent settlement of the arch is
generally not required.
23.2.5 Invert slabs or other appropriate methods should be
provided when scour is anticipated.
24. Keywords
24.1 abrasive conditions; buried applications; composite
structure; corrosive conditions; corrugated steel pipe; dead
loads; embankment installation; handling and installation; live
loads; minimum cover; sectional properties; sewers; steel pipe
structural design; trench installation
TABLE 2 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Sheets for Corrugation: 1
1
2 by
1
4 in. (Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in this practice.
Specied
Thickness,
in.
Area of Sec-
tion, A, in.
2
/ft
Tangent
Length,
TL, in.
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment of
Inertia,
l 3 10
3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of
Gyration,
r, in.
0.040
A
0.456 0.571 21.44 0.253 0.0816
0.052 0.608 0.566 21.52 0.343 0.0824
0.064 0.761 0.560 21.61 0.439 0.0832
0.079 0.950 0.554 21.71 0.566 0.0846
A
This thickness should only be used for the inner liner of double-wall type IA pipe, or for temporary pipe. When used for other than temporary pipe, it should be polymer
coated.
TABLE 3 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Sheets for Corrugation: 38 by 6.5 mm (Helical) [SI Units]
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of
Section, A,
mm
2
/mm
Tangent
Length,
TL, mm
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment of
Inertia, l,
mm
4
/mm
Radius of
Gyration,
r, mm
1.02
A
0.965 14.5 21.44 4.15 2.07
1.32 1.287 14.4 21.52 5.62 2.08
1.63 1.611 14.2 21.61 7.19 2.11
2.01 2.011 14.1 21.71 9.28 2.15
A
This thickness should only be used for the inner liner of double-wall type IA pipe, or for temporary pipe. When used for other than temporary pipe, it should be polymer
coated.
A796/A796M 10
7
-
-
`
`
`
,
`
,
,
`
`
`
,
`
`
`
,
`
`
,
`
`
`
`
,
`
,
`
`
-
`
-
`
,
,
`
,
,
`
,
`
,
,
`
-
-
-
TABLE 4 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Sheets for Corrugation: 2
2
3 by
1
2 in. (Annular or Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in this practice.
Specied Thick-
ness,
in.
Area of
Section, A,
in.
2
/ft
Tangent
Length,
TL, in.
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment of Iner-
tia,
l 3 10
3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of
Gyration, r,
in.
Ultimate Longitudinal Seam Strength of Riveted or Spot Welded
Corrugated Steel Pipe in Pounds per Foot of Seam
5
16-in. Rivets
3
8-in. Rivets
Single Double Single Double
0.040
A
0.465 0.785 26.56 1.122 0.1702 . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.052 0.619 0.778 26.65 1.500 0.1707 . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.064 0.775 0.770 26.74 1.892 0.1712 16 700 21 600 . . . . . .
0.079 0.968 0.760 26.86 2.392 0.1721 18 200 29 800 . . . . . .
0.109 1.356 0.740 27.11 3.425 0.1741 . . . . . . 23 400 46 800
0.138 1.744 0.720 27.37 4.533 0.1766 . . . . . . 24 500 49 000
0.168 2.133 0.699 27.65 5.725 0.1795 . . . . . . 25 600 51 300
A
This thickness should only be used for the inner liner of double-wall type IA pipe, or for temporary pipe. When used for other than temporary pipe, it should be polymer
coated.
TABLE 5 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Sheets for Corrugation: 68 by 13 mm (Annular or Helical) [SI Units]
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of
Section, A,
mm
2
/mm
Tangent
Length,
TL, mm
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment of
Inertia, l,
mm
4
/mm
Radius of
Gyration, r,
mm
Ultimate Longitudinal Seam Strength of Riveted or Spot Welded
Corrugated Steel Pipe in kN per m of Seam
8-mm Rivets 10-mm Rivets
Single Double Single Double
1.02
A
0.984 19.9 26.56 18.39 4.232 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.32 1.310 19.8 26.65 24.58 4.336 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.63 1.640 19.6 26.74 31.00 4.348 244 315 . . . . . .
2.01 2.049 19.3 26.86 39.20 4.371 266 435 . . . . . .
2.77 2.870 18.8 27.11 56.13 4.422 . . . . . . 341 683
3.51 3.691 18.3 27.37 74.28 4.486 . . . . . . 357 715
4.27 4.515 17.8 27.65 93.82 4.559 . . . . . . 374 748
A
This thickness should only be used for the inner liner of double-wall type IA pipe, or for temporary pipe. When used for other than temporary pipe, it should be polymer
coated.
A796/A796M 10
8
TABLE 6 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Sheets for Corrugation: 3 by 1 in. (Annular or Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in this practice.
Specied
Thickness,
in.
Area of
Section, A,
in.
2
/ft
Tangent
Length,
TL, in.
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment
of Inertia,
l 3 10
3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of
Gyration,
r, in.
Ultimate Longitudinal Seam Strength of Riveted or Spot
Welded Corrugated Steel Pipe in Pounds per Foot of Seam
3
8-in. Rivets
7
16-in. Rivets
Double Double
0.052 0.711 0.951 44.39 6.892 0.3410 . . . . . .
0.064 0.890 0.938 44.60 8.658 0.3417 28 700 . . .
0.079 1.113 0.922 44.87 10.883 0.3427 35 700 . . .
0.109 1.560 0.889 45.42 15.458 0.3448 . . . 53 000
0.138 2.008 0.855 46.02 20.175 0.3472 . . . 63 700
0.168 2.458 0.819 48.65 25.083 0.3499 . . . 70 700
TABLE 7 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Sheets for Corrugation: 75 by 25 mm (Annular or Helical) [SI Units]
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of
Section, A,
mm
2
/mm
Tangent
Length,
TL, mm
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment
of Inertia,
l, mm
4
/m
Radius of
Gyration,
r, mm
Ultimate Longitudinal Seam Strength of Riveted or Spot
Welded Corrugated Steel Pipe in kN per m of Seam
10-mm Rivets 11-mm Rivets
Double Double
1.32 1.505 24.2 44.39 112.94 8.661 . . . . . .
1.63 1.884 23.8 44.60 141.88 8.679 419 . . .
2.01 2.356 23.4 44.87 178.34 8.705 521 . . .
2.77 3.302 22.6 45.42 253.31 8.758 . . . 773
3.51 4.250 21.7 46.02 330.61 8.819 . . . 929
4.27 5.203 20.8 46.65 411.04 8.887 . . . 1032
A796/A796M 10
9
TABLE 8 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Sheets for Corrugation: 5 by 1 in. (Helical)
Specied
Thickness,
in.
Area of
Section, A,
in.
2
/ft
Tangent
Length,
TL, in.
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment of
Inertia,
l 3 10
3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of
Gyration,
r, in.
0.064 0.794 0.730 35.58 8.850 0.3657
0.079 0.992 0.708 35.80 11.092 0.3663
0.109 1.390 0.664 36.30 15.550 0.3677
0.138 1.788 0.610 36.81 20.317 0.3693
0.168 2.186 0.564 37.39 25.032 0.3711
TABLE 9 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Sheets for Corrugation: 125 by 25 mm (Helical) [SI Units]
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in this practice.
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of
Section, A,
mm
2
/mm
Tangent
Length,
TL, mm
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment of
Inertia,
I, mm
4
/mm
Radius of
Gyration,
r, mm
1.63 1.681 18.5 35.58 145.03 9.289
2.01 2.100 18.0 35.80 181.77 9.304
2.77 2.942 16.9 36.30 256.46 9.340
3.51 3.785 15.6 36.81 332.94 9.380
4.27 4.627 14.3 37.39 411.18 9.426
A796/A796M 10
10
-
-
`
`
`
,
`
,
,
`
`
`
,
`
`
`
,
`
`
,
`
`
`
`
,
`
,
`
`
-
`
-
`
,
,
`
,
,
`
,
`
,
,
`
-
-
-
TABLE 10 Sectional Properties for Spiral Rib Pipe for
3
4 in. Wide by
3
4 in. Deep Rib with a Spacing of 7
1
2 in. Center to Center (Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in this practice.
Effective Properties
A
Specied
Thickness,
in.
Area of Section,
A, in.
2
/ft.
Moment of
Inertia,
l 3 10
3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of
Gyration,
r, in.
0.064 0.509 2.821 0.258
0.079 0.712 3.701 0.250
0.109 1.184 5.537 0.237
0.138 1.717 7.433 0.228
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 11 Sectional Properties of Spiral Rib Pipe for 19 mm Wide by 19 mm Deep Rib with a Spacing of 190 mm Center to Center
(Helical) [SI Units]
Effective Properties
A
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of Section,
A, mm
2
/mm
Moment of
Inertia,
l, mm
4
/mm
Radius of
Gyration,
r, mm
1.63 1.077 46.23 6.55
2.01 1.507 60.65 6.34
2.77 2.506 90.74 6.02
3.51 3.634 121.81 5.79
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 12 Sectional Properties of Ribbed Pipe with Inserts:
3
4 in. Wide by
3
4 in. Deep Rib with a Spacing of 7
1
2 in. Center to Center
(Helical)
NOTEDimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions, are
used in other places in this practice.
Effective Properties
A
Specied Thick-
ness,
in.
Area of Section,
A, in.
2
/ft
Moment of
Inertia,
I 3 10
3
, in.
4
/in.
Radius of
Gyration,
r, in.
A796/A796M 10
11
0.064 0.509 2.821 0.258
0.079 0.712 3.701 0.250
0.109 1.184 5.537 0.237
0.138 1.717 7.433 0.228
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 13 Sectional Properties of Ribbed Pipe with Inserts: 19 mm Wide by 19 mm Deep Rib with a Spacing of 190 mm Center to
Center (Helical) [SI Units]
Effective Properties
A
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of Section,
A, mm
2
/mm
Moment of
Inertia,
I , mm
4
/mm
Radius of
Gyration,
r, mm
1.63 1.077 46.23 6.55
2.01 1.507 60.65 6.34
2.77 2.506 90.74 6.02
3.51 3.634 121.81 5.79
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 14 Sectional Properties of Spiral Rib Pipe for
3
4 in. Wide by 1 in. Deep Rib with a Spacing of 11
1
2 in. Center to Center (Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in this practice.
Effective Properties
A
Specied Thick-
ness,
in.
Area of
Section, A,
in.
2
/ft.
Moment of
Inertia,
l 3 10
3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of
Gyration,
r, in.
0.064 0.374 4.580 0.383
0.079 0.524 6.080 0.373
0.109 0.883 9.260 0.355
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 15 Sectional Properties of Spiral Rib Pipe for 19 mm Wide by 25 mm Deep Rib with a Spacing of 292 mm Center to Center
(Helical) [SI Units]
Effective Properties
A
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of
Section, A,
mm
2
/mm
Moment of
Inertia,
l, mm
4
/mm
Radius of
Gyration,
r, mm
A796/A796M 10
12
1.63 0.792 75.05 9.73
2.01 1.109 99.63 9.47
2.77 1.869 151.74 9.02
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 16 Sectional Properties of Spiral Rib Pipe for
3
4 in. Wide by 1 in. Deep Rib with a Spacing of 8
1
2 in. Center to Center (Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in this practice.
Effective Properties
A
Specied Thickness,
in.
Area of Section, A,
in.
2
/ft
Moment of Inertia,
I 3 10
3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of Gyration, r,
in.
0.064 0.499 5.979 0.379
0.079 0.694 7.913 0.370
0.109 1.149 11.983 0.354
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 17 Sectional Properties of Spiral Rib Pipe for 19 mm Wide by 25 mm Deep Rib with a Spacing of 216 mm Center to Center
(Helical) [SI Units]
Effective Properties
A
Specied Thickness,
mm
Area of Section, A,
mm
2
/mm
Moment of Inertia, I,
mm
4
/mm
Radius of Gyration, r,
mm
1.63 1.057 97.98 9.63
2.01 1.469 129.67 9.40
2.77 2.433 196.37 8.99
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
A796/A796M 10
13
TABLE 18 Sectional Properties of Composite Ribbed Steel Pipe for
3
4 in. Wide by
3
4 in. Deep Rib With a Spacing of 7
1
2 in. Center to
Center (Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in this practice.
Effective Properties
A
Specied
Thickness,
in.
Area of Sec-
tion,
A, in.
2
/ft
Moment of
Inertia,
l 3 10
3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of Gy-
ration,
r, in.
0.064 0.520 2.768 0.253
0.079 0.728 3.628 0.245
0.109 1.212 5.424 0.232
0.138 1.758 7.280 0.223
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 19 Sectional Properties of Composite Ribbed Steel Pipe for 19 mm Wide by 19 mm Deep Rib With a Spacing of 190 mm Center
to Center (Helical) [SI Units]
Effective Properties
A
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of
Section,
A, mm
2
/mm
Moment of
Inertia,
l, mm
4
/mm
Radius of
Gyration,
r, mm
1.63 1.101 45.36 6.43
2.01 1.541 59.45 6.22
2.77 2.565 88.88 5.89
3.51 3.721 119.30 5.66
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
A796/A796M 10
14
TABLE 20 Sectional Properties of Composite Ribbed Steel Pipe for
3
4 in. Wide by 1 in. Deep Rib With a Spacing of 11
1
2 in. Center to Center (Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions, are used in other places in this practice.
Effective Properties
A
Specied
Thickness,
in.
Area of
Section,
A, in.
2
/ft
Moment of
Inertia,
l 3 10
3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of Gy-
ration,
r, in.
0.064 0.371 3.753 0.348
0.079 0.521 4.949 0.338
0.109 0.878 7.472 0.320
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
A
7
9
6
/
A
7
9
6
M

1
0
1
5
--```,`,,```,```,``,````,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
TABLE 21 Sectional Properties of Composite Ribbed Steel Pipe for 19 mm Wide by 25 mm Deep Rib With a Spacing of 292 mm Center to Center (Helical) [SI Units]
Effective Properties
A
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of
Section,
A, mm
2
/mm
Moment of
Inertia,
l, mm
4
/mm
Radius of
Gyration,
r, mm
1.63 0.785 61.50 8.84
2.01 1.103 81.10 8.59
2.77 1.858 122.44 8.13
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
A
7
9
6
/
A
7
9
6
M

1
0
1
6
TABLE 22 Sectional Properties for Closed Rib Pipe
1
2 in. Deep with Three Ribs Spaced Over 5
7
16 in. Center to Center (Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in the standard.
Effective Properties
A
Specied Thickness, in. Area of Section, A, in.
2
/ft Moment of Inertia, I 3 10
-3
, in.
4
/in. Radius of Gyration, r, in.
0.022 0.230 0.550 0.169
0.028 0.341 0.778 0.166
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 23 Sectional Properties for Closed Rib Pipe 13 mm Deep with Three Ribs Spaced Over 138 mm Center to Center (Helical)
Effective Properties
A
Specied Thickness, mm Area of Section, A, mm
2
/mm Moment of Inertia, I, mm
4
/mm Radius of Gyration, r, mm
0.56 0.487 9.01 4.29
0.71 0.722 12.75 4.22
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 24 Sectional Properties for Closed Rib Pipe
3
8 in. Deep with Three Ribs Spaced Over 5
7
16 in. Center to Center (Helical)
Effective Properties
A
Specied Thickness, in. Area of Section, A, in.
2
/ft Moment of Inertia, I 3 10
-3
in.
4
/in. Radius of Gyration, r, in.
0.022 0.200 0.261 0.125
0.028 0.301 0.366 0.121
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 25 Sectional Properties for Closed Rib Pipe 9.5 mm Deep with Three Ribs Spaced Over 138 mm Center to Center (Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in the standard.
Specied Thickness, mm Area of Section, A, mm
2
/mm Moment of Inertia, I, mm
4
/mm Radius of Gyration, r, mm
A796/A796M 10
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0.56 0.423 4.28 3.18
0.71 0.637 6.00 3.07
TABLE 26 Sectional Properties for Closed Rib Pipe
1
4 in. Deep with Three Ribs Spaced Over 5
7
16 in. Center to Center (Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in the standard.
Effective Properties
A
Specied Thickness, in. Area of Section, A, in.
2
/ft Moment of Inertia, I 3 10
-3
in.
4
/in. Radius of Gyration, r, in.
0.022 0.170 0.0912 0.0801
0.028 0.261 0.1266 0.0764
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 27 Sectional Properties for Closed Rib Pipe 6 mm Deep with Three Ribs Spaced Over 138 mm Center to Center (Helical)
Effective Properties
A
Specied Thickness, mm Area of Section, A, mm
2
/mm Moment of Inertia, I, mm
4
/mm Radius of Gyration, r, mm
0.56 0.360 1.49 2.03
0.71 0.552 2.07 1.94
A
Net effective properties at full yield stress.
TABLE 28 Sectional Properties for Composite Corrugated Pipe with
1
2 by
1
4 in. Corrugations (Helical)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in this practice.
Specied Thickness, in. Area of Section, A, in.
2
/in. Moment of Inertia, I,
I 3 10
-3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of Gyration, r, in.
0.009 0.175 0.099 0.0825
0.012 0.236 0.133 0.0822
A796/A796M 10
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TABLE 29 Sectional Properties for Composite Corrugated Pipe with 13 by 6.5 mm Corrugations (Helical) [SI Units]
Specied Thickness, mm Area of Section, A, mm
2
/mm Moment of Inertia, I,
I 3 10
-3
mm
4
/mm
Radius of Gyration, r, mm
0.23 0.370 0.162 2.096
0.30 0.500 2.180 2.088
TABLE 30 Sectional Properties for Composite Corrugated Pipe with
9
16 by
3
8 in. Corrugations (Helical)
Specied
Thickness,
in.
Area of
Section, A,
in.
2
/ft
Tangent
Length,
TL, in.
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment of
Inertia,
l 3 10
-3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of
Gyration,
r, in.
0.009 0.200 0.222 74.55 0.256 0.1238
0.012 0.269 0.217 75.13 0.342 0.1236
TABLE 31 Sectional Properties for Composite Corrugated Pipe with 15 by 10 mm Corrugations (Helical) [SI Units]
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of
Section, A,
mm
2
/mm
Tangent
Length,
TL, mm
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment of
Inertia, l,
mm
4
/mm
Radius of
Gyration,
r, mm
0.23 0.423 5.64 74.55 4.195 3.144
0.30 0.569 5.50 75.13 5.604 3.139
A796/A796M 10
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TABLE 32 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Plates for Corrugation: 6 by 2 in. (Annular)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in this practice.
Specied Thick-
ness,
in.
Area of
Section, A,
in.
2
/ft
Tangent
Length,
TL, in.
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment
of Inertia,
l 3 10
3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of
Gyration,
r, in.
Ultimate Strength of Bolted Structural Plate Longitu-
dinal Seams in Pounds per Foot of Seam
2 Bolts per
Corrugation
A,B
3 Bolts per
Corrugation
A,B
4 Bolts per
Corrugation
A,B
0.111 1.556 1.893 44.47 60.417 0.682 42 000 . . . . . .
0.140 2.003 1.861 44.73 78.167 0.684 62 000 . . . . . .
0.170 2.449 1.828 45.00 96.167 0.686 81 000 . . . . . .
0.188 2.739 1.807 45.18 108.000 0.688 93 000 . . . . . .
0.218 3.199 1.773 45.47 126.917 0.690 112 000 . . . . . .
0.249 3.658 1.738 45.77 146.167 0.692 132 000 . . . . . .
0.280 4.119 1.702 46.09 165.834 0.695 144 000 180 000 194 000
0.318 4.671 1.653 46.47 190.000 0.698 . . . . . . 235 000
0.380 5.613 1.581 47.17 232.000 0.704 . . . . . . 285 000
A
Bolts are
3
4-in. diameter for 0.280-in. or thinner materials. Thicker materials require
7
8-in. bolts.
B
The number of bolts per corrugation includes the bolts in the corrugation crest and in the corrugation valley; the number of bolts within one pitch.
TABLE 33 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Plates for Corrugation: 152 by 51 mm (Annular) [SI Units]
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of
Section, A,
mm
2
/mm
Tangent
Length,
TL, mm
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment
of Inertia,
mm
4
/mm
Radius of
Gyration,
r, mm
Ultimate Strength of Bolted Structural Plate
Longitudinal Seams in kN per m of Seam
2 Bolts per
Corrugation
A,B
3 Bolts per
Corrugation
A,B
4 Bolts per
Corrugation
A,B
2.82 3.294 48.08 44.47 990.06 17.3 613 . . . . . .
3.56 4.240 47.27 44.73 1280.93 17.4 905 . . . . . .
4.32 5.184 46.43 45.00 1575.89 17.4 1182 . . . . . .
4.79 5.798 45.90 45.18 1769.80 17.5 1357 . . . . . .
5.54 6.771 45.03 45.47 2079.80 17.5 1634 . . . . . .
6.32 7.743 44.15 45.77 2395.25 17.6 1926 . . . . . .
7.11 8.719 43.23 46.09 2717.53 17.7 2101 2626 2830
8.08 9.887 41.99 46.47 3113.54 17.7 . . . . . . 3430
9.65 11.881 40.16 47.17 3801.80 17.9 . . . . . . 4159
A
Bolts are M20 for 7.11 mm or thinner materials. Thicker materials require M22 bolts.
B
The number of bolts per corrugation includes the bolts in the corrugation crest and in the corrugation valley; the number of bolts within one pitch.
A796/A796M 10
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TABLE 34 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Plates for Corrugation: 15 by 5
1
2 in. (Annular)
NOTE 1Dimensions shown in the gure are exact values used in calculating the section properties. Nominal values, for some of these dimensions,
are used in other places in this practice.
Specied
Thickness,
in.
Area of Section,
A,
in.
2
/ft
Tangent
Length,
TL, in.
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment of Iner-
tia,
l 3 10
3
in.
4
/in.
Radius of Gyra-
tion, r, in.
Ultimate Strength of Bolted Structural Plate
Longitudinal Seams in Pounds per Foot of
Seam
Bolt Diameter,
in.
6 Bolts per Corrugation
A
0.140 2.260 4.361 49.75 714.63 1.948 66 000
3
4
0.170 2.762 4.323 49.89 874.62 1.949 87 000
3
4
0.188 3.088 4.299 49.99 978.64 1.950 102 000
3
4
0.218 3.604 4.259 50.13 1143.59 1.952 127 000
3
4
0.249 4.118 4.220 50.28 1308.42 1.953 144 000
3
4
0.280 4.633 4.179 50.43 1472.17 1.954 144 000
3
4
0.249 4.118 4.220 50.28 1308.42 1.953 159 000
7
8
0.280 4.633 4.179 50.43 1472.17 1.954 177 000
7
8
A
The number of bolts per corrugation includes the bolts in the corrugation crest and in the corrugation valley; the number of bolts within one pitch.
TABLE 35 Sectional Properties of Corrugated Steel Plates for Corrugation: 381 by 140 mm (Annular) [SI Units]
Specied
Thickness,
mm
Area of Section,
A, mm
2
/mm
Tangent
Length,
TL, mm
Tangent
Angle,
D,
Moment of
Inertia,
l, mm
4
/mm
Radius of
Gyration, r, mm
Ultimate Strength of Bolted Structural Plate
Longitudinal Seams in kN per m of Seam
Bolt Diameter,
mm
6 Bolts per Corrugation
A
3.56 4.784 110.8 49.75 11710.7 49.48 963 19
4.32 5.846 109.8 49.89 14332.5 49.50 1270 19
4.79 6.536 109.2 49.99 16037.0 49.53 1489 19
5.54 7.628 108.2 50.13 18740.1 49.58 1853 19
6.32 8.716 107.2 50.28 21441.2 49.61 2101 19
7.11 9.807 106.1 50.43 24124.5 49.63 2101 19
6.32 8.716 107.2 50.28 21441.2 49.61 2320 22
7.11 9.807 106.1 50.43 24124.5 49.63 2583 22
A
The number of bolts per corrugation includes the bolts in the corrugation crest and in the corrugation valley; the number of bolts within one pitch.
A796/A796M 10
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in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
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A796/A796M 10
22