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    Chapter 4 Section 1 Outline

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    Chapter 4 Section 1 Outline

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    141 views4 pages

    Chapter 4 Section 1 Outline

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    Name: Lyric Turner

    Chapter 4 Section 1 Outline


    Population Ecology: Population Dynamics

    I. Population Characteristics
    A. Population density
    The number of organisms per unit area is the Population Density

    B. Spatial distribution
    Dispersion is the spacing pattern of a population

    Can be uniform, clumped, or Random
    Pattern primarily driven by resources such as food






    Uniform Random Clumped

    C. Population ranges
    A species range is its distribution across the environment.

    A species might not be able to expand its population range because it
    cannot survive the abiotic condition found in the expanded region.

    II. Population-Limiting Factors
    Limiting factors are biotic or abiotic forces that keep populations from
    increasing indefinitely.

    Limiting factors are either density-independent or _density-
    dependent

    A. Density-independent factors
    Any factor in the environment that does not depend on the number of
    members in a population per unit area is a density independent
    factor
    Usually abiotic and include:
    Weather events
    fire
    Human alterations of landscape
    Air, land and water pollution

    B. Density-dependent factors
    Any factor in the environment that depend on the number of members in
    a population per unit area is a density dependent factor
    Often biotic, and include:
    predation
    disease
    Competition
    parasites

    C. Population growth rate
    The population growth rate (PGR) explains how fast a given
    population grows.

    Natality: birthrate of a population in a given year

    emigration: number of individuals moving away from a
    population

    immigration: number of individuals moving into a population

    Exponential growth model:

    Occurs when growth rate is proportional to population size

    All populations grow exponentially until they encounter a
    limiting factor








    lag time exponential growth

    Logistic growth model:
    Occurs when a populations growth slow or stop following
    exponential growth

    A population stops increasing when the number of births
    number of deaths, or when emigration immmigration



    carrying
    capacity


    lag phase S-curve

    Carrying capacity
    Carrying Capacity is the maximum number of individuals in a
    species that an environment can support

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