Traffic ZTE

GSM Traffic Statistic Analysis
Radio Network Planning & Optimization Dept
Course Target
When you finish studying this courseyou can
Master ZTE traffic statistic
Master the meaning of parameter items of common-used traffic

statistic
Master the methods to analyze and position the problems making

use of traffic statistic
Catalogue
ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

Definitions Of Main Traffic Statistic Parameters
Position And Analyze Problems Making Use Of Traffic Statistic
Traffic Statistic Analysis Cases
The Function Of Traffic

Statistic Analysis
Optimization
Data collection
scheme
Radio Network
Optimization
Light adjustment
solution and
evaluation
Traffic statistic
analysis
Know network performance
index
Provide clients with

quantitative service guidelines
optimization scheme
implementation
Monitor network performance

Position and analyze network
problems
Improve network running
quality
ZTE Traffic Statistic

Introduce
Traffic
statistic
Alarm
statistic
Performance
index
Measurement
statistic
CS traffic
basic
measurement
BTS
measurement
A interface
Radio
measurement measurement
Resource
seizure
measurement
PS traffic
measurement
Traffic Statistic Index ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview
Original traffic statistic index
Synthetical traffic statistic index
SDCCH congestion rate
Traffic-to-drop ratio
SDCCH assignment success
Worst cell ratio
TCH assignment success rate
rate
SDCCH call drop rate
TCH congestion rate
TCH call drop rate
Handover success rate
Random access success rate
Paging success rate

(correlative index)
(China Union definition)
Radio connection rate
CS Traffic Basic
Measurement
CS traffic
basic
measurement
Q3 module
measurement
Q3 cell
BTS
measureme
nt counter
Basic
measurement task is the measurement which produces basic

performance reportincluding resource statusservice statuschannel
quality etc.can reflect the total network status more roundly.
Carry
out statistic according to the modulesmainly including

assignment and handover, and the load of CPU Statistic is mainly
responsed to RMM, and SMM is used to measure cpu's burthen.
Measure
BTS powerRx_levelRx_quality and TA in terms of cells,

then accumulate the measurement values got from TRX power control
counter and report the statistic.
BTS Measurement
Power
control
measurement
Carrier
frequency
service
measurement
Paging
measurement
Carrier
frequency
basic
measurement
BTS decides whether to control MSs(or BTSs) power or not based on

Rx_lev or Rx_qual in measurement report ,and carries out statistic according
to different power control factor.
Its to measure whether channel activationassignmenthandover are

successful with carrier frequency as unit, and measure carrier frequency
interference bandsMAX and MIN uplink/downlink signal level.
Carry out statistic paging drop and the length of queue with carrier
frequency as unit.
Measure carrier frequencys service occupation times and occupation time
about TCH and SDCCH.
Radio measurement
1
Cell radio
measurement
Radio
access
measurement
SDCCH
measurement
TCH/F
measurement
SAPI3
measurement
Measure interference and Qos of per channel which is occupying and

idle state.
Measure MSs radio random access process, including access trying
timesprocessing times successful times with different reason.
Measure success times and success rate about SDCCH assignment,

allocation& occupation etc., reflect service of SDCCH.
Measure success times and success rate about TCH/F assignment,

allocation& occupation etc. ,which is based on configure channels and
adjust parameter.
Measure
connection times receive times and transmitting times of

point to point SMS.
Radio Measurement
RMM
assignment
measurement
RMM call
drop
measurement
Handover
reason
measurement
Handover
common
measurement
Describe RMM assignment, including assignment attemptexecuting

and queue with every reason.
Describe all kinds of channel in signaling flowRMM call drop times

call drop reason etc..
Carry out statistic on every handover(out) attempt according to every

reason.
Carry
out statistic handover process with every reason,including

attemptexecutingsuccess and fail times,reflect handover success
rate.
Handover
synchronization
measurement
Carry out statistic all kinds of synchronism handover times.
Radio Measurement
Neighboring Carry out statistic on mutual handover by selecting some cells and
cell handover
measurement their neighboring cells.
Paging
measurement
Abis
interface
signaling
statistic
Radio
resource
usability
measurement
HR statistic
measurement
The
meaning and measurement point of paging measurement counter.
Carry out statistic on all kinds of signaling numbers transmitted in

Abis interface.
Measure
Its
usage of each cell radio channel resource.
added HR basic measurement according to subscribers need,

mainly describe resource status, service status and dynamic changeover
status of TCH/H
A Interface
Measurement
A interface
carry out statistic on signaling numbers of BSC production forwarding
signaling statistic
and reception based on signaling name and signaling type.
measurement
A interface
assignment
call drop
handover
statistic
SCCP
measurement
connection
measurement
and ground
circuit
resource
usability
measurement
Carry out statistic on assignment call drop and handover times of A

interface, carry out statistic and classify on failure status, its helpful to
position and solve problem.
Measure SCCP links establish status and usability of ground relay

circuit resource.
Resource Occupation
Measurement
TRX
LAPD link
measurement
Carry
Carry
O&M
LAPD link
measurement
SCCP link
measurement
Processor
load
measurement
out statistic on signaling alternant of each LAPD signaling link

which connecting TRX when its transmitting and receiving messages via
LAPD board ,with TRX LAPD link as unit.
out statistic on signaling alternant of each O&M LAPD signaling

link which connecting TRX when its transmitting and receiving
messages via LAPD board ,with TRX O&M LAPD link as unit.
Carry
out statistic on signaling alternant of each SCCP link with SCCP

link as unit.
Carry out statistic on CPU load internal memory service load and
file system load of each SMM and RMM module, with module as unit.
PS Service
Measurement
It measures PS basic performance report, including resource status

service status and channel quality etc., can reflect comprehensively total
PS network performance.
PS basic
measurement
Carry out statistic on BSVC links data transmition signaling

alternant and abnormal reason etc. with single NSVC as measurement
entity.
NS
measurement
BSSGP
measurement
Mainly measure messages transmitting and receiving in Gb interface

on BSSGP layer of GPRS service.
Carry out statistic on paging status indication message BVC

signaling reset times etc. with single NSE as measurement entity.
NSE
measurement
PS traffic
statistic and
resource
management
measurement
PS traffic statistic measure cell services. Resource management mainly

measure BSC system resource usage.
Common Used Measurement

Report Examples
CS Basic Measurement
Handover
Statistic
Measurement
Catalogue
ZTE traffic statistic overview
Definitions of main traffic statistic parameters

Position and analyze problems making use of traffic statistic
Traffic statistic analysis cases
Definition Of
Common Used KPI
Definitions Of Main Traffic

Statistic Parameters
SDCCH congestion rate
SDCCH congestion rate(%) =SDCCH overflow times/SDCCH call

attempt times 100%= C11604/C11603 100%
SDCCH assignment success rate
SDCCH assignment success rateSDCCH assignment success

times/ SDCCH assignment attempt times100
=C11644/(C11644+C11645) 100%
SDCCH call drop rate
SDCCH call drop rate = SDCCH call drop times/SDCCH occupation

success times100%=C11605/C11644 100%
Definition Of
Common Used KPI

TCH congestion rate
TCH congestion rate (without handover) = TCH overflow times (without

handover) / TCH call attempt times (without handover)
100%=C11610/C11609 100%
TCH congestion rate (with handover) = TCH overflow times (with

handover) /TCH call attempt times (with handover) 100%=
C11612/C11611 100%
TCH assignment success rate=traffic channel occupation times
without handover/busy time voice channel call attempt times

without handover 100=C11657/C11657+C11658100
Definition Of
Common Used KPI

TCH call drop rate
TCH call drop rate (without handover)=voice channel call drop

times/voice channel occupation times (without handover) 100%
Call drop rate (with handover)=voice channel call drop times/voice

channel occupation times (with handover) 100%
Touch off pointAfter ASSIGMENT COMPLETE message.
Handover success rate
Handover success rate(%)= (handover success times/handover

request times)100%= C11618/C11617 100%
Definition Of KPI

Traffic Capacity
Meanings: the total traffic capacity of all TCH, including TCH/F and TCH/H.
Total voice channel traffic= C11616(total busy hours of voice channel)/
carry out statistic period status
Traffic-to-drop ratio
Traffic-to-drop ratio= total voice channel traffic of busy hours 60/total call
drop times of busy times
Total TCH traffic capacity: the sum of voice channel traffic capacity of all
cells in local area.
Unit: minutepoint out the time separation of every average two call drop.
Definition Of KPI

Worst cell ratio
Worst cell ratio=bad cell quantity/cell quantity 100%
Condition:
Busy hours traffic capacity per voice channel>0.1Erland voice channel
call drop rate>3 or voice channel congestion rate>5
Decided cell numbers according to average per TCH traffic capacity >0.1.
SDCCH performance measurement

signaling statistic point Statistic Parameters
MS
BTS
BSC
CHL_REQ
CHL_RQD
A1
CHL_ACT
A2
CHL_ACT_ACK
IMM_ASS_CMD
IMM_ASS
A3
SABM
EST_IND
A4
Figure- Immediate Assignment Flow
SDCCH performance measurement

signaling statistic point Statistic Parameters
Meanings:
SDCCH call
attempt
times
SDCCH
overflow
total times
total SDCCH call attempt times of busy hours, including such

SDCCH allocation requests as normal initial call location updating call
reestablishment IMSI request IMSI detach and SMS etc..
Calculation formulatotal SDCCH call attempt times = SDCCH

occupation attempt timesfor assignment+ SDCCH occupation attempt
timesfor handover
Signaling statistic point A1
MeaningsBusy hours SDCCH overflow total times is total times of current

system no SDCCH channel for SDCCH attempt during busy hours.
Calculation formulaSDCCH overflow total times= SDCCH occupation

failure times (for assignment) +SDCCH attempt failure times (for handover)
Signaling statistic pointA2

Meanings Attempt
times of BSC transmit IMM_ASS message to MS for

assigning SDCCH, including assignment success times and failure times.
assignment
attempt
times
Calculation
formulaSDCCH assignment attempt times= SDCCH assignment

success times+ SDCCH assignment failure times
Measurement
pointBSC received EST_IND or ASSIGN_COM messageor

T3101 timeout
Signaling
statistic pointA3
MeaningsTimes
assignment
success
times
of BSC transmit IMM_ASS, MS successfully access

corresponding SDCCH
Measurement
pointBSC received correct EST_IND or ASSIGN_COM
message.
Signaling
statistic pointA4

MeaningsTotal
Call Drop
Total Times
call drop times of after assigned SDCCH, before
occupying TCH .
Calculation
formulaSDCCH call drop total timesC11605=
Signaling
statistic pointAfter BSC received correct EST_IND or

ASSIGN_COM message, before TCH assigning complete.
MeaningsThe
Traffic
Capacity
SUM of busy hours each SDCCH traffic capacity in
current area.
Calculation
formulaTotal Traffic Capacity=SDCCH total busy hours time

C11606 / statistic period
TCH Congestion Statistic Definitions Of Main Traffic

Signaling Point
BTS
BSC
MSC
ASS_CMD
B1
B2
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
BTS
BSC
MSC
HO_REQ
C1
C2
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
-2 TCH Congestion Flow

Total TCH
attempt Call
Times
(without
handover)
MeaningsThe
total TCH call attempt times of after occupied SDCCH (with

Half Rate), including originating call and called status, assigning TCH be
used to SDCCH, without handover.
Calculation
formula TCH total attempt times (without handover) = TCH/F

occupation attempt times (signalingvoicedata)for assignment+
TCH/H occupation attempt times (signalingvoicedata)for assignment
Signaling
Total TCH
Overflow
Times
(without
handover)
statistic pointB1
MeaningsAll
TCH occupation of Radio sub-system, including Full-Rate and

Half-rate (without handover).
Calculation
formula Total TCH overflow times (without handover)=TCH/F

occupation failure times (signalingvoicedata) (for assignment) + TCH/H
occupation failure times (signalingvoicedata) (for assignment).
Signaling
statistic pointB2

Total TCH
attempt
times (with
handover)
Meanings
The total TCH call attempt times of after occupied SDCCH (with
Half Rate), including originating call and called status, assigning TCH be
used to SDCCH, with handover.
Calculation
formula Total TCH attempt times (with handover) = TCH/F

occupation attempt times (signalingvoicedata) (for assignment)+ TCH/H
occupation attempt times (signalingvoicedata)for assignment.
Signaling
statistic pointB1+C1
MeaningsAll
Total TCH
overflow
times (with
handover)
TCH occupation of current area radio sub-system,

including Full-Rate and Half-rate (with handover).
Calculation
formula Total TCH overflow times (with handover)=TCH/F

occupation failure times (signalingvoicedata) (for assignment) +
TCH/H occupation failure times (signalingvoicedata) (for assignment).
Signaling
statistic pointB2+C2
TCH Assignment
Statistic Signaling Point
MS

BTS
BSC
MSC
ASS_CMD/HO_REQ
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA
EST_IND
D1
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
D2
Figure-3 Assignment Flow
ASS_COM

MeaningsTCH
TCH
assignment
attempt
times
(without
handover)
assignment attempt times after TCH occupied successfully,
including signalingvoice and data.

Calculation
formulaTCH assignment attempt times =TCH/F assignment

attempt times (signalingvoicedata)for assignment+ TCH/H
assignment attempt times (signalingvoicedata)for assignment
Signaling
statistic pointD1
MeaningsAll
TCH
assignment
success
times
(without
handover)
times of receiving Establish Indication or Assignment

Complete messages after TCH/F assigning success, including signaling
voice and data.
Calculation
formulaTCH assignment success times=TCH/F assignment

success times (signalingvoicedata)for assignment+ TCH/H
assignment success times (signalingvoicedata)for assignment
Signaling
statistic pointD2
TCH Call Drop Statistic

Signaling Point

Radio Link Timeout Call Drop

MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
Measurement report(SACCH)
Radio link timeout
Connection Failure
Indication
Start T3109
Clear request
Stop T3109
F1
Clear Command
RF Channel Release
RF Channel Release
ACK
Clear Complete

Signaling Point

Intra-cell Handover Failure Call Drop

MS
BTS:TRX
BSC
MSC
CHANNEL ACTIVATE
CHANNEL ACTIVATE ACK
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
SET T3107
T3107 Timeout
Clear Request
G1

Signaling Point

Intra-BSC Handover Failure Call Drop

MS
Old BTS:
New BTS
BSC
MSC
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACT ACK
HO_Command
HO_Command
SET T3103
T3103 Timeout
Clear request
H1

Signaling Point

Inter-BSC Handover Failure Call Drop

MS
Old BTS
Old BSC
MSC
New BTS
New BSC
HANDOVER REQUIRED
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQ_ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
SET T8
T8 Timeout
Clear request
I1

MeaningsAll
Total TCH
call drop
times
TCH call drop of every reason in current area subsystem ,including normal channel lost and handover reason etc.
Calculation
formulaTotal TCH call drop times= TCH/F call drop times

+ TCH/H call drop times
Start
point: carry out statistic CLEAR REQUEST messages after

ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE and HANDOVER COMMAND
Signaling
statistic point:F1+G1+H1+I1
MeaningsTotal
Total busy
hours TCH
capacity
busy hours TCH capacity is the sum of all TCH traffic

capacity in busy hours of current system.
Calculation
period
formulaTotal TCH capacity = Total TCH busy time/ statistic
Handover Performance
Intra-cell

Handover
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
MEAS_REP
MEAS_RES
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
J1
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA
ASS_COM
EST_IND
ASS_COM
J2
HO_PREFORM
Figure- Intra-cell Handover Flow

Intra-BSC Handover
MS
BTS:Ori_Cell
Measurement Report
BTS:Des_Cell
Measurement Report
BSC:Ori_Cell
BSC:Des_Cell
Handover Algorithm
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACT ACK
K1
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMPLETE
HANDOVER COMPLETE
HANDOVER COMPLETE
Figure-4 Intra-BSC Handover Flow
K2

Inter-BSC Handover
MS
Old BTS
Old BSC
MSC
HANDOVER REQUIRED
New BTS
New BSC
HO_REQ
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQ_ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
L1
HO_ACCESS
HO_DETECT
PHY_INFO
SABM
UA
HO_COM
HO_COM
HO_COM
Clear Command
Figure-5 Inter-BSC Handover Flow
L2

Definitions
Total Handover in request times in busy hours, including

Intra-cell, Intra-BSC and inter-BSC handover.
Total
handover
request
times
Calculation
formulaHandover required total times C11617= C10912

inter-cell handover in execution times by BSC controls +handover in
execution times by MSC controls(C10915+C10917+ C10919 )+
C10982intra-cell handover success times
Handover
success
times
Signaling statistic pointJ1+K1+L1
MeaningsHandover in success times in busy hours, including Intra-cell,

Intra-BSC and inter-BSC handover.
Calculation
formulaC11618Handover success total times= inter-cell

handover in success times by BSC controls +handover in success times
by MSC controls + intra-cell handover success times
Signaling statistic pointJ2+K2+L2
Catalogue

Traffic Statistic
Analysis Content
Position And Analyze Problems

Making Use Of Traffic Statistic
Call Drop Problems

Analysis
TCH congestion
problems analysis
Handover problem
analysis
Traffic Statistic
Analysis Content
TCH assignment
problems analysis
SDCCH congestion
problems analysis
SDCCH assignment
problems analysis
Traffic Statistic Analysis

General Idea
Whole Principle of Traffic Statistic Analysis
Whole PrincipleFrom whole problem to the particular problem, from one-day network index
observation to one-week network index, from single index to their correlation, from the key cells
to subordinate cells.
Before Traffic Statistic AnalysisCollect overall data, including all kinds of performance
reports and measurement data, and need to know such basic information as networking
structure.
Carry out Traffic Statistic Analysis Based on the principle of grasp the situation
macroscopically, handle it microscopically and characteristics of traffic statistic data, traffic
statistic analysis is a process from the whole network performance measurements to the cells
performance measurements, and a gradual process from the main index to subordinate index.
It analyzes network performance index first, with a clear grasp of the whole network index, then
determines which index are worse, finally analyzes the main cells which cause worse index.
Combine with other network optimization toolsDuring traffic statistic analyzing, it needs to
combine with other network optimization tools to position and analyze problems.

General Idea
TOP Analyze Method
Description of TOP 10 Method: Use data sort and filter functions of EXCEL or other
software tools to sort each data from bad to good. Thus facilitate connecting each
data ,finding the rules and locating problems more easily.
Carry out studying and contrastive analysis on the sub-items statistic function of BSClevel traffic statistic report.
If certain important index (such as call drop ratesuccessful handover rate) are found
abnormal in BSC-level traffic statistic report, then carry out cell-level traffic statistic to
analyze its more detailed content.
Check the cells which single index is abnormal and has more absolute times of failure
(call dropcongestionhandover failure, etc) .
Combine the two parameters, percentage and absolute times of failure (call drop
congestionhandover failure, etc), to decide whether it needs to adopt further
measures.

General Idea
BSC Level
Report
CELL Level
Report
High Call
Drop Rate
Alarm Information
CS Basic Service Carrier Frequency

Measurement Service Measurement
Cell Radio
Measurement
High Congestion
Rate
CS Basic Service
Measurement
Alarm Information
Radio Access
Measurement
Cell Radio
Measurement
High Handover
Failure Rate
Alarm Information
Handover Reason Handover CommonAdjacent Cell Handover CS Basic Service

Measurement
Measurement
Measurement
Measurement

General Idea
The other optimization methods
DTSimulate Subscriber make calls in moving state,

Analyze coveragequalityhandoversignaling.
CQTmake a great deal of calls in different place
Signaling TraceCollecting signaling through signaling tool

or OMCR signaling trace function.
Index Analysis Filter Position And Analyze Problems

Method
First Commonness
Commonness Problems
Second IndividualityIndividuality Problems
Handover problems
problems
Other radio parameters
Interference problems
problems
Coverage problems
Equipment hardware
Commonness
Problems

Commonness factors lead to bad KPI

Equipment hardware problems
Interference problems
Coverage problems
Other factors
Commonness
Problems

TCH
SDCCH/TCH
SDCCH
TCH
Commonness
Problems

Equipment Hardware Problems

CELL
performance reportSDCCH and

TCH usable rate abnormal< 100%
High TCH assignment failure rate
especially > 10%
BTS
measurementposition call drop

and assignment failure of TRX level
Alarm
statistic: find hardware problems
Dynamic
channel observationcarrier
frequency occupying abnormally
NMS
measurementSDCCH/TCH
channel occupation time
Check
clock problems
transmission find transmission

problems
Monitor
Method of Position and Resolve
The hardware problems of transmission

error code and stability REPEATER
self-excitationtower top amplifier
yawp etc. .
Target cell channel activation NACK or

TIMEOUT
High group link call drop times
Synchronize CLOCK
Position range of hardware problems

according to left analysisjudging
whether TRX , CMM and TIC problem,
whether power of power amplifier too
low, combiner, divider, REPEATER
problem etc..
Commonness
Problems

Interference
CELL traffic statisticAnalyze interference

bands level
Frequency checkAnalyze inner

interference within same or adjacent
frequency point
Sweep frequency testsearch external

interference
BTS measurementPosition TRX level

interference bands
DTCheck interference and signal quality

status of the problem section ;
Cell radio measurementAnalyze level and

quality status of cells.
Adjust BTSs transmit power of correlative

cellsantenna downtilt or frequency point
etc. to avoid interference;
Enable function of HPDTXDPC etc. ;
Abis
Resolve equipment problems (such as:

TRX board self-excitationantenna
intermodulation).
CS basic measurementAnalyze discipline of

interference bands appearschange with time
and traffic capacity
Handover reason measurementThe ratio of

UL/DL RQ handover to all handover
interfaces signaling traceAnalyze cells

and TRXs with interference.
Commonness
Problems

Coverage Problems
Cell traffic statistic: Worse UL/DL RQ
DT in weak coverage area;
and KPI;
Adjust
result;
Power control performance
network parameters according to DT
measurement: average of UL/DL signal
BTS
level is too low;
and height, Rxlev_ACCESS_MIN_MS, the
neighbor relation, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN of
Cell radio measurement: Times of low
transmitting power, antenna downtilt
RX-Level have higher percentage;
handover candidate cell.
Adjust
Handover reason measurement:
coverage, avoid over-coverage
Times of rescue UL/DL Rx-lev handover
owe-coverage and alone island phenomenon;
has higher percentage;
Add
BTS.
Call Drop Problems Position And Analyze Problems

Analysis
Call Drop Type

Radio Link Failure call drop
Handover Failure call drop
LAPD call drop

Analysis
Analysis Frame
3
Confirm higher
call drop cell
Confirm
call drop type
BSC
Level
CELL Level
performance report performance report
CELL
level
CS basic
performance report measurement
Alarm
Confirm TRX
level call drop
BTS
measurement
radio
measurement
Analyze call
drop factors
Solve Call
drop problems
Common
problems
analysis
Cell
Individuality
problems
analysis
statistic
Alarm
analysis
Traffic
statistic
analysis
Signaling
analysis
Other
optimization
methods
From
whole to
particular
Easy
to position
and analyze
Carrier
frequency level
First
commonness then
individuality
Execute
and
solve problems

Analysis
General cause lead call drop

Handover parameters
setting problems
Equipment hardware
UL/DL imbalance
problems
Call Drop
Setting of other
Interference
parameters is
irrationality
Coverage Problems
Common Problems
already analyzed

Analysis
Handover parameters setting problems

Check
handover parameters, find
Resolve Methods
Add
neighbor relation in reason;
unreasonable parameters setting;

Handover
common measurement, check
handover out failure status;

Handover
common measurement, check
handover reason and percents of each kind

of handover;
Adjacent
cell handover statistic
measurement: low success rate of

handover out aim at certain cellfind
target cell with low handover success rate
and looking for cause;
Adjust
handover parameters.

Analysis
UL/DL Imbalance (Tower top amplifierHPAAntenna azimuth)
CS basic service measurement:
Resolve Methods
Analyze UL/DL Average_Rx_Lev;
Abis interface signaling trace: Analyze
Check tower top amplifierCDURDU

BTS boards and RF feeder;
Check antenna feeder. Check antenna
UL/DL Rx_Lev;
azimuth and downtilt whether according
Cell radio measurement: Analyze
with design criterion; check antenna
UL/DL Rx_Lev distributing.
feeder, jumper feeder is connected rightly

and connecters are connected tightly,
feeder is undamaged, make sure standing
wave rate under normal range.

Analysis
Other Parameters setting problems
Check radio parameters: adjust
irrational parameters;
Resolve Methods
irrational RLT and Rx_lev_Min;
Amend irrational parameters.
Handover Problems Position And Analyze Problems

Analysis
Handover Analysis Idea

Analysis
General Analysis Idea
Cells with handover problems: All cells or individual cell.
Handover direction of problem cells : Handover out cell

failure or in cell handover failure;
Object of handover failure: Between service cell and

multi-cell or individual cell.
MSC1
BSC3
BSC2
BSC1
MSC2

Analysis
Checking Handover Index

Check
cells with lower handover success rate;
Check
cells with much handover failure times
Analyze
handover out/in failure times, find out main factors of
handover failure;
Register
out/in cells handover performance;
Observe
trait of handover failure: For all adjacent cells or individual
adjacent cellall conditions or part condition lead to ? lower

handover success rate.

Analysis
Possible Factors of Influence

Common Problems
Handover Success Rate
already analyzed
Handover
Parameters
Irrationality
Coverage
UL/DL Imbalance
Lead Low Handover

Success Rate
Equipment
Problem
Interference

Analysis
Handover Parameters Irrationality

Cell
performance report: Low handover
Resolve Methods
success rate, more handover failure times;

BTS
handover level threshold, setting of

handover function switch whether correct.
measurement: filter TRXs with more
handover failure times.

Basic
measurement: analyze every
Check PBGTrescue handover etc.
Result of handover times vs TCH call
occupation success times is disproportion.
handover factors percent, PBGT handover
If handover/call3Ping-pong handover
percent too high or too low;
exist in all probability, should check
Handover
statistic handover: find out two
cells lead to handover failure.
handover parameters setting and adjust
(least time space of inter-cell, PBGT

HoLevThs etc.)

Analysis
Integrated Analysis
Resolve Methods
Performance report of cells level: target cell

congestion;
Extend capacity of target cell or

traffic proportion;
CS basic measurement: low handover in

success rate, maybe handover in cell
hardware problems or has interference etc.;
Low handover success rate: maybe target cell

congestion or handover parameters setting is
irrationality;
Check neighbor relation: whether have

omitted neighbor,single or redundant neighbor;
Check exterior cell: setting of exterior cell
parameters error.
Check hardware;
Adjust handover parameters;
Optimize adjacent cells;

Analysis
Other
After eliminate commonness problems, optimize parameters of
adjacent cells, analyze and resolve UL/DL balance problems of adjacent

cells,
Analysis Of TCH
Congestion Problem Making Use Of Traffic Statistic
Reasons for TCH Congestion

Shortage of system
capacity or traffic
imbalance
Interference
Antenna and feeder

system problem
TCH Congestion
Parameters setting
Coverage problem
problem
Data configuration
problem
Common Problems
already analyzed
Analysis Of TCH
Shortage of system capacity or traffic imbalance

Judging Method
Too high traffic capacity in TCH (Traffic
Solution
per channel>0.6)
Too much overflow times, system busy
of busy and idle carrier cells;
Adjust coverage (adjust transmit power
for a long time;
of BTS, antenna azimuth, downtilt,
Traffic imbalance (three cells of one
height etc.);
BTS traffic imbalance, or several BTS
Extend capacity, or adjust configuration
Adjust main parameters (CRO,
traffic imbalance;
Rxlev_access_Min_MS, enable trafficHo
Analyze out serious congestion from
function);
performance reports.
Adjust priority level and handover

parameters of cells.
Analysis Of TCH
Antenna and Feeder System Problem

Judging Method
Frequency point scanning: results to
Check antenna azimuth, downtilt,

connection of antenna and feeder
and secondary diversity antenna
system.
Cell radio measurement: signal level,
quality disturbing;
same frequency point through main
measuring;
Solution
Signaling tracing: measurement report

analysis.
Analysis Of TCH
Problem of Parameters Setting

Judging Method
Solution
Performance statistics report: judging
Adjust irrationality parameters setting;
TCH congestion;
Solve problems.
Alarm information statisticBTS or

TRX problem;
BTS measurement: check TRXs;
Check parameters:
RxLev_Access_Min_MS, cell reselect
parameters.
Analysis Of SDCCH Position And Analyze Problems

Reasons for SDCCH Congestion

SDCCH
Parameters
problem
Interference
SDCCH Congestion
Capacity
LAC Partition
Common Problems
already analyzed
SDCCH Congestion Position And Analyze Problems

Analysis
Problem of Parameters Setting

Judging Method
Basic measurement: judging reasons
Adjust parameters (random access
for SDCCH congestion
error level threshold, RACH access
Radio access measurement:
level threshold), Maximum
immediate assignment success
retransmission times, Extend
times/immediate assignment times>85
Transmission distributed timeslots );
Adjust location update parameters;
Parameters checking: parameters of
Adjust parameters of the dual-band
correlative with radio access;
Solution
Low usability rate SDCCH.
network.

Analysis
System Capacity Problem

Judging Method
Solution
Performance report: TCH and SDCCH
Extend network capacity;
both congested;
Add SDCCH;
Performance report: TCH dont
Adjust T3122T3212RACH
congest but SDCCH is congested

seriously;
Parameters adjusting: traffic hinge,

such as aviation hinge, railway station
etc., has lots of location updates;
SMS leap.
parameters etc.
Adjust other parameters.

Analysis
LAC Partition Problem

Judging Method
Performance report: SDCCH
Adjust CRH
congested badly;
Adjust cell reselect parameters
Basic measurement: percent of
Adjust T3212
Adjust other parameters.
location update too high;
Solution
LAC partition: business area, LAC
areas are crossed badly;

Analysis
Judging Method
RACH level threshold is lower, at the
Check and adjust frequency point;
same time has interference, system
Solve interferences;
Adjust access parameters.
mistake for having lots of SDCCH

occupation requests.
Performance report: SDCCH
congested badly;
Solution
Basic measurement: more useless

SDCCH access ;
Analysis of SDCCH Position And Analyze Problems

Assignment ProblemMaking Use Of Traffic Statistic
Reasons for SDCCH Assignment Failure

SDCCH Congestion
Transmission
Interference
Problem
Reasons for SDCCH

Assignment Failure
Bad Coverage
Hardware Problem
Software Version
Problem
Have analyze common
problems
Analysis of SDCCH Position And Analyze Problems

Integrated Analysis
Judging Method
CCCH congestionwithout enough
Solution
AGCH channel, thus caused
and AGCH;
assignment failure
Frequency check;
Basic measurementsabnormal
Transmission check and adjust
uplink interference band , abnormal
uplink& downlink RQ value
Alarm statisticshardware problem
Transmission monitoringposition
transmission problem
Adjust priority and quantity of PCH
Software version problem
transmission way;
Change or upgrade the version
Analysis of TCH
TCH Assignment
Signaling Flow
Successful Assignment
Unsuccessful Assignment
Analysis of TCH
TCH Channel Analysis Process

TCH Channel
Assignment
Channel
Occupation
After the system
receives CHANNEL
REQUIRE command, it
will inquire channel
resources in MP
database.
TCH Channel
Allocation
BSC sends Channel
It is carried out between
BSC and MS. BTS just

transmits commands
Activation FOR TCH
transparently. Then it is a
command to BTSthat is
channel assignment
TCH channel allocation
attempt. When BSC
attempt. BSC receives
BTSs feedback message

Channel Activation ACK,
then allocation has been
done.
receives BTSs feedback

message Establish
Indication, it is considered
assignment is successful.
Analysis of TCH
Causes of TCH Assignment Failure
Hardware problemsTRXCDUloose panel cables
Interference
unreasonable parameter configurationT3107
Coverage problemweak signal or uplink &downlink imbalance ;
Other reasonssoft & hardware versions of the systemsignaling
cooperation between BSC and MSC;
Analysis of TCH
Judging Method
Performance reportfind out cells with TCH

assignment failure;
Basic measurementsjudge interference

bandcall drophandoveruplink&
downlink RQ value;
Alarm statisticshardware problems
BTS measurementsposition TCH

assignment failure of carrier frequency level
NMSjudge whether carrier frequency

occupation is normal by occupation time of
TCH and SDCCH;
Parameter configurationunreasonable
dynamic SDCCH parameter configuration.
Solution
Check
whether radio parameters of the cell is

reasonable;
Check
BERidle interference band level

index, decrease radio interference;
Check
hardware of the cells;
Check
transmission problems;
DT
analysis;
Check
BSC and base station versions to

avoid unmatched versions leading to TCH
assignment failure.
Catalogue

An Analysis of Call Drop

Problem

Cases
Phenomenon Description
On 16, March, from OMCR BAM statistic, I10 of Station 3 of BSC 80 in PAKTEL
network had much more call drop rate suddenly, with its rate more than 7%. Call
drop times increased a lot.
Problem Analysis
Through carrying out statistic on detailed performance data, checking call drop
types, we found radio link failure accounted for great part of call drop;
Through carrying out statistic on the interference band of the cell, we found 3-level
or above interference band accounted for higher percentage;
We doubted first that the station had interference. After checking frequency
planning, we found there was no neighboring interference with adjoining cells.
Through BTS measurements, we found the second and third carrier frequency of
the station had a higher failure rate
From alarm statistics, this station had no hardware alarms,
An Analysis of Call Drop

Problem

Cases
Solution
After adjusting MAIO of the third carrier frequency from 8 to 10, the interference
disappeared, call drop times decreased greatly and call drop rate restored to normal.
Region
NORTH
Cell Name
I102
BSC ID
80
CELL ID
DATE
TCH in call drop

rate(%)
Remark
2006-3-16
8.17
2006-3-17
7.74
Before
2006-3-18
7.53
Adjustment
2006-3-19
7.97
2006-3-31
1.03
2006-4-1
0.94
After
2006-4-2
0.85
Adjustment
2006-4-3
0.76
50022
An Analysis of Handover
Problem Case One

Cases
The report data of BAM showed that Cell 1 of Weiyang Greenland

Station had a low successful handover rate.
Problem Analysis
Check radio parameters and the configuration is reasonable without

problems. From OMCR BAM dynamic management, we found a carrier
frequency of the cell could not be occupied. We judged that there was
hardware faulty for the carrier frequency. So we submitted work sheet to
solve the failure.
Solution
The faulty boards and parts had been changed, then the index went up
remarkably and the problem had been solved.

An Analysis of TCH Assignment
Cases
Problem Case One
A Contrast Before &After Optimization
Date
Cell Location
Station Name
(LAC-CI)
2005-06-10 18:00-
Weiyang_Greenland_
LAC8415-
19:00
D1A
CI25023
2005-06-11 18:00-
Weiyang_Greenland_
LAC8415-
19:00
D1A
CI25023
2005-06-12 18:00-
Weiyang_Greenland_
LAC8415-
19:00
D1A
CI25023
Total times
Successfu
of
Successful
Handover
Handover
Rate (%)
345
52
15.1
221
64
29
266
28
10.5
Total Times of
Handover
Request
After Adjustment
Weiyang_Green
2005-06-14 18:00-19:00
land_D1A
LAC8415-CI25023
160
152
95
LAC8415-CI25023
160
154
96.3
Weiyang_Green
2005-06-15 18:00-19:00
land_D1A

Cases
Problem Case Two
In Tong Ning Road Elementary School BTS of Ge Er Mu Mobile company, during

DT(site:32, S465,C1:50251/50252/50253), we found the station can not handover
among three cells, but can handover (out/in) with neighboring cells normally. No
problems can be detected just from BTW traffic statistic because each index is in
normal state. Only by DT can we found problems. We analyzed Lay 3 signaling via
DT, and found MS hardly received handover command which was sent out from
the system until the vehicle left, then it handover with other neighboring cells.

Problem Case Two

Cases
Problem Analysis
Checked parameters of BAM in the station, and the configuration is ok;
Then checked station hardware and it is normal;
Resetting the station can not solve the problem.
BSC No.
SITE No.
reconfigure the base station data can not either.
Front and back platform ZDB files are

1 consistent
32
Solution
11101(successful
CELL
No,
32
32
32
32
32
After resetting MP, handover

restored to normal.
Adjoining Cell CI
50252
Other Adjoining
Cell
50251
Other Adjoining
Cell
50251
Other Adjoining
Cell
11102(successful
handover out
handover out
attempts to the
attempts to the
adjoining cell)
adjoining cell)
77
53
48
100
63
59
57
335
295
An Analysis of TCH in
Congestion Problem Case One
Cases
On 21, December, we carried out statistic from BAM, and found TCH traffic of the
third sector of No. 106 station in BSC8 under Libyan network is very congested
suddenly. TCH congestion rateexclude handoverarrived at higher than 30%.
Problem Analysis
Before, this sector wasnt congested, but this time was in sudden TCH traffic
congestion. After implementing statistic on the performance report and alarm statistic
of the surrounding cells, we found the reason for congestion was that No.127 station
corresponding with this cell had broken, thus the neighboring traffic had been
absorbed by the third sector of No, 106 station.
Solution
After coordinating with the office, commission the No.127 station in time. Then TCH
traffic congestion of the third sector of N0. 127 had been cleared.
Congestion Problem Case One
Cases
A Contrast Before &After Optimization

SDCCH in
BSC-SITE ID-BTS
Cell and Location Area

Cell(LAC-CI)
congest
ion
rate(%)
TCH in congestion
TCH overflow total
rate(exclude
number(exclud
handover)(%)
e handover)
Bsc8-Site106-Bts1
LAC8198-CI11061
Bsc8-Site106-Bts2
LAC8198-CI11062
Bsc8-Site106-Bts3
LAC8198-CI11063
0.04
30.24
936
After Adjustment
Bsc8-Site106-Bts1
LAC8198-CI11061
Bsc8-Site106-Bts2
LAC8198-CI11062
Bsc8-Site106-Bts3
LAC8198-CI11063
0.04
Congestion Problem Case Two
Cases
In the evening of 2, April, we configured dynamic GPRS channel to BSC1. We observed

at daytime on 3, April, and found TCH congestion went up remarkably.
Problem Analysis
Before busy hour of 3, April evening, we adjusted the number of configuration dynamic
GPRS channel. All cells just started on channel;
We observed next day and found after the modification at night of 3, April, 11654(TCH
assignment failure times not including handover) of many cells under BSC1 is very high,
which caused successful service channel assignment rate of Unicom assessment
parameters to drop to the lowest point (from 98% to 93through tracking the signaling,
we found the first time to configure dynamic GPRS channel, then adjust to TCH
channel, the timeslot and channel activation failed.GPRS
TCH
Solution
An Analysis of SDCCH
Congestion Problem

Cases
In September, after No.61 new station had been commissioned, SDCCH channel of the third
cell congested suddenly and its congestion rate was as high as 35%.
Problem Analysis
Through analyzing the basic measurement of the cell, we found the reason for SDCCH
congestion in the third cell was that there existed a great amount of positions to be updated.
After checking plan data and LAC division, we didnt find unreasonable points. Thus we
analyzed that this new station had certain mistaken data during commissioning.
Solution
After checking, we found LAC No. of the third cell in the station is 8198, while LAC No. of other
two cells of the station is 8199. It is confirmed that during commissioning the new station, LAC
No. of the third cell was input 8198 mistakenly. It should be 8199. Thus caused a great amount
of positions to be updated. Through readjustment, SDCCH congestion rate restored to normal.
An Analysis of SDCCH
Assignment Problem

Cases
When a certain office has commissioned satellite transmitted BTS, S4 of A Company and
500 mobile phones of B Company can not connect to the internet or call.
Problem Analysis
Through analyzing signaling, we found that after sending IMMEDIATE CMD message of
BSC, the waiting time for MS to report EST IND message is always timeout, which caused
BSC side release the new channels on local end. And presently, unilateral delay of the
satellite transmission in the network from the satellite to the ground station or from the
ground station to the satellite is 150ms, which caused some mobile phones can not receive
immediate assignment command after they send out channel requests, thus they can not
connect to the internet or call normally.
Solution
BSC adopts immediate assignment optimization to send channel activation and immediate
assignment simultaneously, thus decrease signaling transmission delay, then abovementioned mobile phones can connect to the internet and call normally.
An Analysis of TCH
Assignment Failure
In the third cell of No.1 station of PHO, its call drop rate arrives at
6.9% ,successful handover in rate is only 68.38%, while handover out rate is
91.31%.
Problem Analysis
TCH assignment rate is morn than 10%, from which we excluded the interference problem
and make sure that the cell has hardware problems. After analyzing BTS measurements of
the cell, we found that TCH assignment failure rate of the second carrier frequency in the
cell is very high, arriving at 30%. And during on-site testing, we found that after occupying
this carrier frequency, the signal level is 20dB less than BCCH carrier frequency level.
Solution
After changing carrier frequency, each parameter restores to normal.

Cases
An Analysis of TCH
Assignment Failure
A Contrast Before
&After Optimization
BSC -SITE
ID-BTS
Bsc80-Site1Bts3
Cell and Location

Area
Cell(LAC-CI)
LAC1003-CI50003
TCH in call drop

rate(include
handover)(
%)
6.9
TCH dropped
TCH assign
Handover in
Handover out
call total
failure
success
success
number
rate(%)
rate(%)
rate(%)
98
12.28
68.38
91.31
After Adjustment
Bsc80-Site1Bts3
LAC1003-CI50003
0.9
2.28
92.38
92.89

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GSM Traffic Statistic Analysis

Radio Network Planning & Optimization Dept

Master ZTE traffic statistic

Master the meaning of parameter items of common-used traffic

Master the methods to analyze and position the problems making

ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

The Function Of Traffic

Provide clients with

Monitor network performance

ZTE Traffic Statistic

ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

Traffic Statistic Index ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

Original traffic statistic index

Synthetical traffic statistic index

SDCCH congestion rate

SDCCH assignment success

Worst cell ratio

TCH assignment success rate

SDCCH call drop rate

TCH congestion rate

TCH assignment success rate

TCH call drop rate

Handover success rate

Random access success rate

Paging success rate

(China Union definition)

Radio connection rate

ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

measurement task is the measurement which produces basic

out statistic according to the modulesmainly including

BTS powerRx_levelRx_quality and TA in terms of cells,

ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

BTS decides whether to control MSs(or BTSs) power or not based on

Its to measure whether channel activationassignmenthandover are

ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

Measure interference and Qos of per channel which is occupying and

Measure success times and success rate about SDCCH assignment,

Measure success times and success rate about TCH/F assignment,

connection times receive times and transmitting times of

ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

Describe RMM assignment, including assignment attemptexecuting

Describe all kinds of channel in signaling flowRMM call drop times

Carry out statistic on every handover(out) attempt according to every

out statistic handover process with every reason,including

Carry out statistic all kinds of synchronism handover times.

ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

meaning and measurement point of paging measurement counter.

Carry out statistic on all kinds of signaling numbers transmitted in

usage of each cell radio channel resource.

added HR basic measurement according to subscribers need,

ZTE Traffic Statistic Overview

Carry out statistic on assignment call drop and handover times of A

Measure SCCP links establish status and usability of ground relay

out statistic on signaling alternant of each LAPD signaling link

out statistic on signaling alternant of each O&M LAPD signaling

out statistic on signaling alternant of each SCCP link with SCCP

It measures PS basic performance report, including resource status

Carry out statistic on BSVC links data transmition signaling