R R R V: Voltage Divider

Voltage/current dividers
Trivial to understand, but still very useful.

Use in combination with equivalent resistances to quickly find a
particular voltage or current in a circuit.
Voltage divider
R1
Want to know vR2.
iS
R2
VS
R3
vR2
Easily solved with KCL, KVL, &

equivalent resistances.
Thats it.
The total voltage across a series string is divided

among the resistors according to a simple ratio.
EE 201
voltage/current dividers 1
vR1
R1
VS +
R2
R3
+
vR2
Easy to find the other voltages, too.

=
vR3
Put in some values.

+
+
15 V
5 k
15 k
10 k
EE 201
vR1
vR3
+
vR2
+
+
+
+
)= .
)= .
)=
Current divider
Same idea, but with current.
IS
R1
R2
iR2
R3
+
vR
Want to know iR2.

Easily solved with KCL, KVL, &
equivalent resistances.
The total is divided according a simple ratio determined by

the resistors.
EE 201
The other currents are just as easy.

IS
R1
iR1 R2
iR2 R3
iR3
Plug in some numbers.

=
9 mA
3 k!
5 k!
iR1
iR2
15 k!
iR3
EE 201
)=
)=
)=
Example 1
24 !
R1
R2
VS +
12 V
R3
48 !
R4
36 !
+
In the circuit, find vR4.
vR4
36 !
R5
12 !
vR4 = vR3
Combine parallel combinations.
R12 16 !
VS +
12 V
R5
EE 201
12 !
Use voltage divider.

=
18 !
R34
vR4
+
+
+
+
= .
Example 2
IS
Find the equivalent

resistance in each branch.
IS
0.5 A
0.5 A
R2 120 !
R3 40 !
R5
iR3
60 !
R1 10 !
R13 40 !
R4 20 !
R45
R6 80 !
iR13
80 !
R6 80 !
In the circuit, find iR3.

Use a current divider to find iR13.
=
=
EE 201
+
+
+
+
Referring back to the original circuit,

iR13 divides between R2 and R3.
( .
)= .
+
+
( .
)= .
Example 3
R1 1 k!
VS
R2
3 k!
Without RL,
=
RL
In the simple divider circuit at

right, if RL is attached in parallel
with R2, the voltage across R1
doubles. What is the value of
RL?
From the two expressions for vR1
+
With RL,
=
EE 201
+
=
Then
=
+
= .
Example 4
R1
IS
1 mA
iR1
R2
iR2
R3
iR3
From the current divider equation, we

know that the currents are proportional to
the inverse of the resistance in each branch.
:
For the simple current divider at right,

design it (i.e. choose resistor values)
so that the currents are in the ratio
iR1:iR2 :iR3 = 1:2:4 and the total power
dissipated in the resistors is 10 mW.
The equivalent resistance of
the three in parallel is
=
:
+
Therefore,
:
R2 = 2R3 and R1 = 2R2 (R1 = 4R3).
Find Req,
=
Finally:
R3 = 1.75Req = 17.5 k; R2 = 2R3 = 35 k; R1 = 2R2 = 70 k
EE 201

R R R V: Voltage Divider

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Voltage/current dividers

Trivial to understand, but still very useful.

Easily solved with KCL, KVL, &

The total voltage across a series string is divided

Easy to find the other voltages, too.

Put in some values.

Want to know iR2.

The total is divided according a simple ratio determined by

The other currents are just as easy.

Plug in some numbers.

In the circuit, find vR4.

Use voltage divider.

Find the equivalent

In the circuit, find iR3.

Referring back to the original circuit,

In the simple divider circuit at

From the current divider equation, we

For the simple current divider at right,

R2 = 2R3 and R1 = 2R2 (R1 = 4R3).

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