BPMN

BPMN
METHOD AND STYLE

SECOND E D I T I O N
WITH
BPMN IMPLEMENTER'S GUIDE
Bruce Silver
CODY-CASSIDY PRESS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface to the Second Edition

CHANGES SINCE THE FIRST EDITION
STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK
v
v
vm
BPMN TRAINING
BPMN TOOLS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
xu
Part I: What is BPMN?
1.
BAD BPMN, GOOD BPMN

THE PARADOX OF BPMN
THE LONG ROAD TO BPMN 2.0
BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING IS MORE THAN B P M N !
2.
METHOD AND STYLE
H O W DOES A M O D E L M E A N ?
BPMN's HIDDEN CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
10
PROCESS LOGIC
12
ORCHESTRATION
13
BPMN LEVELS AND PROCESS MODELING CONFORMANCE SUBCLASSES
15
Part II: Method and Style- Level 1
17
3. BPMN BY EXAMPLE
19
A SIMPLE ORDER PROCESS
19
EXCEPTIONS AND END STATES
19
SWIMLANES AND ACTIVITY TYPES
20
SUBPROCESSES
21
PROCESS LEVELS A N D THE HIERARCHICAL STYLE
22
PARALLEL SPLIT A N D JOIN
25
COLLABORATION AND BLACK-BOX POOLS'
25
START EVENTS AND THE PROCESS INSTANCE
28
THE TOP-LEVEL DIAGRAM
4.
THE LEVEL 1 PALETTE

ACTIVITY
34
SUBPROCESS
35
CALL ACTIVITY
38
GATEWAY
39
START EVENT
END EVENT
42
44
SEQUENCE FLOW
45
MESSAGE FLOW
46
POOL
46
LANE
48
DATA OBJECT AND DATA STORE
49
THE METHOD
GOALS OF THE METHOD
54
55
STEP 1. DETERMINE PROCESS SCOPE
56
STEP 2: THE HIGH-LEVEL MAP
59
STEP 3: TOP-LEVEL PROCESS DIAGRAM
60
STEP 4: CHILD-LEVEL EXPANSION
62
STEP 5: ADD MESSAGE FLOWS
63
B P M N STYLE
67
69
69
STYLE RULES
71
OFFICIAL BPMN 2.0 RULES
82
Part III: Method and Style - Level 2

EVENTS
EVENT-TRIGGERED BEHAVIOR
85
87
89
TIMER EVENT
91
MESSAGE EVENT
95
ERROR EVENT
104
OTHER LEVEL 2 EVENTS
107
EVENT SUBPROCESS
8.
53
END STATE
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF BPMN STYLE
7.
50
53
HIERARCHICAL TOP-DOWN MODELING
METHOD RECAP
6.
33
TASK
DOCUMENTATION, TEXT ANNOTATION, AND GROUP
5.
30
33
ITERATION AND INSTANCE ALIGNMENT

LOOP ACTIVITY
Ill
113
113
MULTI-INSTANCE ACTIVITY
114
USING REPEATING ACTIVITIES
115
USING MULTIPLE POOLS
117
ii | Table of Contents
BATCH PROCESSES
119
INSTANCE ALIGNMENT
9.
120
PROCESS SPLITTING AND MERGING
123
CONDITIONALLY PARALLEL FLOW
123
MERGING SEQUENCE FLOWS
125
10. TRANSACTIONS
129
ACID TRANSACTIONS
129
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
130
COMPENSATION THROW-CATCH
132
1 1 . THE RULES OF BPMN
135
SOURCES OF BPMN TRUTH
135
BPMN RULES FOR LEVEL 2 PROCESS MODELING
136
STYLE RULES FOR LEVEL 2 PROCESS MODELING
139
MODEL VALIDATION
140
Part IV: BPMN Implemented Guide - Non-Executable BPMN

12. BPMN 2.0 METAMODEL AND SCHEMA
143
145
XSD BASICS
147
BPMN SCHEMA FUNDAMENTALS
149
13. PROCESS MODELING CONFORMANCE SUBCLASSES
153
DESCRIPTIVE SUBCLASS
154
ANALYTIC SUBCLASS
155
COMMON EXECUTABLE SUBCLASS
14. BPMN SERIALIZATION BASICS

DEFINITIONS
156
157
157
DOCUMENTATION AND EXTENSIONELEMENTS
160
COLLABORATION
160
PROCESS
162
EXAMPLE: SIMPLE PROCESS MODEL
162
EXAMPLE: SIMPLE COLLABORATION MODEL
164
EXAMPLE: SIMPLE IMPORT AND CALL ACTIVITY
165
15. SERIALIZING PROCESS ELEMENTS
167
FLOWELEMENTANDFLOWNODE
ACTIVITY
SUBPROCESS
GATEWAY
EVENT
167
167
170
172
173
SEQUENCEFLOW
176
LANESET A N D LANE
178
ARTIFACTS
1 6 . SERIALIZING D A T A F L O W
178
181
NON-EXECUTABLE DATA FLOW
181
EXAMPLE: NON-EXECUTABLE DATA FLOW
183
M O R E ON DATA INPUTS A N D DATA OUTPUTS
185
Table o f Contents | iii
17. THE BPMNDI GRAPHICAL MODEL
187
BPMNDI BASICS
188
PROCESS LEVELS AND PAGES
188
BPMNDlAGRAM
189
BPMNPLANE
190
BPMNSHAPE
190
BPMNEDGE
191
BPMNDI EXAMPLES
191
18. BPMN-I
BPMN-I PROFILE SERIALIZATION RULES
199
201
Part V: BPMN Implemented Guide - Executable BPMN
213
19. WHAT IS EXECUTABLE BPMN?
215
COMMON EXECUTABLE SUBCLASS
216
20. VARIABLES AND DATA MAPPING
219
ITEMDEFINITION
220
MESSAGE
220
IMPORTING STRUCTURE DEFINITIONS
221
EXAMPLE: DATA FLOW WITH IMPORTED ITEM DEFINITIONS
221
PROPERTIES A N D INSTANCE ATTRIBUTES
223
DATA M A P P I N G
223
2 1 . SERVICES, MESSAGES, A N D EVENTS
229
SERVICES
229
MESSAGES
229
AUTOMATED TASKS
230
EVENTS
232
22. HUMAN TASKS
235
USERTASK
PERFORMER ASSIGNMENT
235
,
235
23. EXECUTABLE BPMN IN PRACTICE
239
HANDLING JAVA DATA
240
SERVICES AND SERVICE ADAPTERS
244
EXAMPLE: BONITA OPEN SOLUTION
244
24. ALIGNING EXECUTABLE DESIGN WITH BPMN METHOD AND STYLE

END STATE VARIABLES
GATEWAY CONDITIONS
259
259
.,
260
MESSAGES
260
ERRORS
261
Index
263
About the Author
269
iv | Table of Contents

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BPMN

METHOD AND STYLE

BPMN IMPLEMENTER'S GUIDE

Preface to the Second Edition

Part I: What is BPMN?

BAD BPMN, GOOD BPMN

THE LONG ROAD TO BPMN 2.0

BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING IS MORE THAN B P M N !

METHOD AND STYLE

BPMN's HIDDEN CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

BPMN LEVELS AND PROCESS MODELING CONFORMANCE SUBCLASSES

Part II: Method and Style- Level 1

A SIMPLE ORDER PROCESS

EXCEPTIONS AND END STATES

SWIMLANES AND ACTIVITY TYPES

PROCESS LEVELS A N D THE HIERARCHICAL STYLE

PARALLEL SPLIT A N D JOIN

COLLABORATION AND BLACK-BOX POOLS'

START EVENTS AND THE PROCESS INSTANCE

THE TOP-LEVEL DIAGRAM

THE LEVEL 1 PALETTE

DATA OBJECT AND DATA STORE

STEP 1. DETERMINE PROCESS SCOPE

STEP 2: THE HIGH-LEVEL MAP

STEP 3: TOP-LEVEL PROCESS DIAGRAM

STEP 4: CHILD-LEVEL EXPANSION

STEP 5: ADD MESSAGE FLOWS

OFFICIAL BPMN 2.0 RULES

Part III: Method and Style - Level 2

OTHER LEVEL 2 EVENTS

THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF BPMN STYLE

HIERARCHICAL TOP-DOWN MODELING

DOCUMENTATION, TEXT ANNOTATION, AND GROUP

ITERATION AND INSTANCE ALIGNMENT

USING REPEATING ACTIVITIES

USING MULTIPLE POOLS

PROCESS SPLITTING AND MERGING

CONDITIONALLY PARALLEL FLOW

MERGING SEQUENCE FLOWS

1 1 . THE RULES OF BPMN

SOURCES OF BPMN TRUTH

BPMN RULES FOR LEVEL 2 PROCESS MODELING

STYLE RULES FOR LEVEL 2 PROCESS MODELING

Part IV: BPMN Implemented Guide - Non-Executable BPMN

BPMN SCHEMA FUNDAMENTALS

13. PROCESS MODELING CONFORMANCE SUBCLASSES

COMMON EXECUTABLE SUBCLASS

14. BPMN SERIALIZATION BASICS

DOCUMENTATION AND EXTENSIONELEMENTS

EXAMPLE: SIMPLE PROCESS MODEL

EXAMPLE: SIMPLE COLLABORATION MODEL

EXAMPLE: SIMPLE IMPORT AND CALL ACTIVITY

15. SERIALIZING PROCESS ELEMENTS

NON-EXECUTABLE DATA FLOW

EXAMPLE: NON-EXECUTABLE DATA FLOW

M O R E ON DATA INPUTS A N D DATA OUTPUTS

Table o f Contents | iii

17. THE BPMNDI GRAPHICAL MODEL