Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 230 views

    Fracking

    Uploaded by

    api-284048334
    Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is a process used to extract natural gas from shale rock formations deep underground. It involves drilling vertically until just below groundwater levels, then horizontally for up to a mile. Steel casing and cement are used to isolate the drilling from aquifers. A mixture of water, sand and chemicals is then pumped down at high pressure to fracture the shale and allow gas to flow up. The process is exempt from various environmental regulations and has led to concerns about groundwater contamination and land usage, as each fracking pad requires 5-8 acres and there are now over 6,000 wells drilled across Pennsylvania.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Fracking

    Uploaded by

    api-284048334
    230 views14 pages
    Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is a process used to extract natural gas from shale rock formations deep underground. It involves drilling vertically until just below groundwater levels, then horizontally for up to a mile. Steel casing and cement are used to isolate the drilling from aquifers. A mixture of water, sand and chemicals is then pumped down at high pressure to fracture the shale and allow gas to flow up. The process is exempt from various environmental regulations and has led to concerns about groundwater contamination and land usage, as each fracking pad requires 5-8 acres and there are now over 6,000 wells drilled across Pennsylvania.

    Original Title

    fracking ppt

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is a process used to extract natural gas from shale rock formations deep underground. It involves drilling vertically until just below groundwater levels, then horizontally for up to a mile. Steel casing and cement are used to isolate the drilling from aquifers. A mixture of water, sand and chemicals is then pumped down at high pressure to fracture the shale and allow gas to flow up. The process is exempt from various environmental regulations and has led to concerns about groundwater contamination and land usage, as each fracking pad requires 5-8 acres and there are now over 6,000 wells drilled across Pennsylvania.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    230 views14 pages

    Fracking

    Uploaded by

    api-284048334
    Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is a process used to extract natural gas from shale rock formations deep underground. It involves drilling vertically until just below groundwater levels, then horizontally for up to a mile. Steel casing and cement are used to isolate the drilling from aquifers. A mixture of water, sand and chemicals is then pumped down at high pressure to fracture the shale and allow gas to flow up. The process is exempt from various environmental regulations and has led to concerns about groundwater contamination and land usage, as each fracking pad requires 5-8 acres and there are now over 6,000 wells drilled across Pennsylvania.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    What the Frack?

    Hydraulic fracturing is the the most recent technology being


    used to extract natural gas reserves.

    https://www.google.com/search?q=hydraulic+fracturing&aq=0&um=1&ie=UTF8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=vgZhUZzIHei40gGFzYDQDw&biw=1680&bih=959&sei=wAZhUY6iG86I0QGInYG4BQ#imgrc=XR2UmU9LDhaJ2M%3A%3BNk9QtVE_zZP7VM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.pioga.
    org%252Fphoto_images%252F177_large.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.pioga.org%252Fenvironment-safety%252Fhydraulic-fracturing%252F%3B1000%3B750

    The Process Simplified

    They begin this process by drilling a hole


    just below the freshwater revivor, with
    water and additives pumped into the hole
    to cool the drill bit.

    A steel pipe is then inserted down the


    hole.

    Once the pipe is in place, cement is forced


    through the center of the pole.

    A plug then pushes the cement out the


    bottom and around the outside of the
    pole.

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHQu3SeUwUI

    The Process Simplified

    This process is what prevents


    contamination of the freshwater aquifer.

    The next step in this process is to drill


    through the base of the hole, through the
    plug.

    At about 5,000 feet the drill bit then


    begins to curve and will drill out to about a
    mile horizontally.

    The Process Simplified

    The next step in this process is to drill


    through the base of the hole, through the
    plug.

    At about 5,000 feet the drill bit then


    begins to curve and will drill out to about
    a mile horizontally.

    Production casing is then inserted;


    followed by cement.

    A perforated gun is then sent down, by


    wire.

    The Process Simplified

    An electric current shoots small holes from


    the gun, through the casing into the shale
    rock.

    A plug is inserted to prevent fracturing


    fluids from entering this zone while
    additional sections of the casing are
    perforated and fracked.

    After which fracking fluids are sent into


    the casing under high pressure, causing
    shale layers to crack, releasing gas in the
    rock.

    After all sections have been fracked, the


    plugs are drilled out and gas flows to the
    surface.

    Where does the water come from?

    How do they dispose of the frack


    water?

    Where are they drilling in PA?


    As of August 2012

    6,400 wells were drilled in


    Pennsylvania
    2,500 permits were provided
    Roughly two wells per pad
    Roughly 3,200 pads in
    Pennsylvania
    Each pad consumes
    between 5-8 acres of land
    APPROX 20,800 ACRES
    OF LAND HAS BEEN
    FRACKED ON

    What happens to
    the land?

    Hydraulic Fracking is exempt from...

    Comprehensive Environmental
    Response, Compensation, and
    Liability Act
    Resource Conservation and
    Recovery Act
    Safe Drinking Water Act
    Clean Water Act
    Clean Air Act
    National Environmental Policy
    Act
    Toxic Release Inventory under
    the Emergency Planning and
    Community Right-to-Know Act

    Questions?
    fracking@psu.edu

    References
    http://www.hydraulicfracturing.com/Process/Pages/information.aspx
    http://www.energyfromshale.org/hydraulic-fracturing/hydraulic-fracturing-fluid
    http://www.fractracker.org/2013/03/pa-gas-legislation/
    http://electrictreehouse.com/notes-on-the-history-of-fracking/
    http://exploreshale.org/#

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy