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    Siphon

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    dzari6738
    This document discusses formulas and methods for calculating the discharge and design parameters of a siphon. It provides equations to calculate the discharge coefficient, allowable pressure head, suction head, and downstream head of a siphon based on factors like pipe diameter, length, friction, and local losses. An example problem applies these formulas to design a siphon with a discharge of 350 L/sec and diameter of 400mm, calculating parameters like velocity, water depth, discharge coefficient, and verifying the design meets allowable head requirements.

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    Siphon

    Uploaded by

    dzari6738
    165 views6 pages
    This document discusses formulas and methods for calculating the discharge and design parameters of a siphon. It provides equations to calculate the discharge coefficient, allowable pressure head, suction head, and downstream head of a siphon based on factors like pipe diameter, length, friction, and local losses. An example problem applies these formulas to design a siphon with a discharge of 350 L/sec and diameter of 400mm, calculating parameters like velocity, water depth, discharge coefficient, and verifying the design meets allowable head requirements.

    Original Description:

    Hydraulic Design of siphon

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    This document discusses formulas and methods for calculating the discharge and design parameters of a siphon. It provides equations to calculate the discharge coefficient, allowable pressure head, suction head, and downstream head of a siphon based on factors like pipe diameter, length, friction, and local losses. An example problem applies these formulas to design a siphon with a discharge of 350 L/sec and diameter of 400mm, calculating parameters like velocity, water depth, discharge coefficient, and verifying the design meets allowable head requirements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    165 views6 pages

    Siphon

    Uploaded by

    dzari6738
    This document discusses formulas and methods for calculating the discharge and design parameters of a siphon. It provides equations to calculate the discharge coefficient, allowable pressure head, suction head, and downstream head of a siphon based on factors like pipe diameter, length, friction, and local losses. An example problem applies these formulas to design a siphon with a discharge of 350 L/sec and diameter of 400mm, calculating parameters like velocity, water depth, discharge coefficient, and verifying the design meets allowable head requirements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    3.7.

    2 Discharge of siphon
    Figure 16. Details of the siphon

    Calculating formulas
    (3.33)

    where
    C = discharge coefficient
    A = cross-sectional area of the pipe, m2
    H = head, m
    The discharge coefficient C can be calculated by the formula
    (3.34)

    where
    = friction factor = 0.02 (steel pipe)
    1 = length of the siphon, m
    d = diameter of the siphon, m
    k = all local loss coefficients along the siphon
    Table 19 lists local loss coefficients for a variety of the fixtures.
    The allowable pressure head for siphon
    (3.35)

    where

    Altitude in m

    500 1 000 1 500 2 000 3 000

    10.3 9.8

    Water temperature C

    9.2

    10

    8.6

    20

    8.1

    7.2

    30

    0.123 0.24 0.43

    The allowable suction head of the siphon is:


    (3.36)

    where
    v = velocity in the pipe, m/sec

    The maximum allowable downstream head of the siphon is:


    (3.37)

    where

    Depth of water above the entrance of the siphon


    (a) Entrance with vertical axis
    v

    (m/sec)

    (m)

    (m)

    1.5

    0.1 - 0.3 2 D, but min. 0.3

    1.5 - 2.5 0.3 - 0.8


    > 2.5

    >

    1.0

    1D

    0.7

    1.7 D

    2.0

    (b) Entrance with horizontal axis

    (3.38)

    where
    ke = entrance loss coefficient
    (c) Entrance with inclined axis
    (3.39)

    where = angle of the tilt in degree


    Example 7
    Design the siphon shown in Figure 17 for a discharge of 350 l/sec if water temperature is
    30C.
    Figure 17. Details of the siphon

    Solution
    3 Considering the designed discharge Q = 0.35 m3/sec the siphon is a large one. The velocity
    is calculated by the following formula assuming that its diameter is 400 mm.

    As this velocity is higher than the recommended minimum one in Table 14 hence, the
    selected diameter is satisfactory.
    The next step is to determine the water depth above the entrance of the siphon by using
    Equation (3.38)

    v = 2.79 m ke = 0.1

    then

    The discharge coefficient of the siphon is defined from Equation (3.34)

    = 0.02
    l = l1 + l2 + l3 + l4 + l5 + l6 = 1.80 + 14.0 + 8.70 + 13.0 + 5.0 + 1.50 = 44 m
    d = 0.40 m
    Computation of the local loss coefficient using Table 19
    Diffusor inlet
    Fraction bends (30)
    Fraction bends (90)
    Valve
    Outlet diffusor

    0.1
    40.09 = 0.36
    0.34
    0.07
    0.5
    k = 1.37

    Substitution of the above values into the equation gives:

    The allowable suction head of the siphon is obtained if we use Equation (3.35)

    where

    then

    The suction head of the siphon is defined from Equation (3.36)

    where

    then
    Hs = 7.35 - 1.03 = 6.32 m
    Heffs = 550 - 545 - 5.0 m
    The allowable downstream head of the siphon is determined from Equation (3.37)

    where

    then
    HT = 7.35 + 0.88 = 8.23 m
    HeffT = 550 - 543 = 7.00 m
    The design of the siphon is satisfactory because both Heffs and HeffT are below their allowable
    values.

    The discharge of the siphon is defined by the formula (3.33)

    where
    C = 0.47
    A = 0.126 m2
    H = 545 - 543 = 2.0 m
    then

    This is acceptable, since the designed Q = 0.35 m3/sec.

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