01 Lectureoutline

Lecture Outline
Chapter 1:
About Science
2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
This lecture will help you understand:
What Science Is
Scientific Measurements
MathematicsThe Language of Science
Scientific Methods
The Scientific Attitude
Science, Art, and Religion
Science and Technology
PhysicsThe Basic Science
What Science Is
Science
is a body of knowledge.
is an ongoing human activity.
has beginnings that precede recorded history.
Measurements are a hallmark of good science.
"I often say that when you can measure
something and express it in numbers, you know
something about it. When you cannot measure
it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your
knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory
kind. It may be the beginning of knowledge, but
you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to
the stage of science, whatever it may be."
Lord Kelvin
Measurements
relate to how much you know
about something.
of pinhole images of the Sun
nicely lead to a calculation
of the Sun's diameter.
These round images of the Sun are crescent

shaped during a partial solar eclipse.
Some Early Scientific Measurements

EratosthenesDiameter of Earth
Some Early Scientific Measurements

AristarchusDistance and Size of the Moon
MathematicsThe Language of Science

Integration of science and mathematics
Occurred some four centuries ago.
Ideas of science are unambiguous when
expressed in mathematical terms.
Equations of science provide expressions of
relationships between concepts
Equations are "guides to thinking."
Scientific Methods
There is no one scientific method.
In general, scientific methods refer to principles
and procedures for the systematic pursuit of
knowledge involving the recognition and
formulation of a problem, the collection of data
through observation and experiment, and the
formulation and testing of hypotheses.
Scientific MethodsCommon Steps

1. Recognize a question, a puzzle, or an
unexplained fact.
2. Make a hypothesis (educated guess) to resolve
the puzzle.
3. Predict consequences of the hypothesis.
4. Perform experiments or make calculations to
test the predictions.
5. Formulate the simplest general rule that
organizes the three main steps.

The scientific attitude is one of
inquiry.
experimentation.
willingness to admit error.

Scientists
are experts at changing their minds.
must accept experimental findings
test for erroneous beliefs
understand objections and positions of
antagonists.

Fact is a close
agreement by competent
observers who make a
series of observations
about the same
phenomenon.
A scientific hypothesis is
an educated guess that is
only presumed to be
factual until supported by
experiment.

CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR
Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Moon is made of green cheese.

Atomic nuclei are the smallest particles in nature.
A magnet will pick up a copper penny.
Cosmic rays cannot penetrate the thickness of your
Conceptual Physics textbook.

CHECK YOUR ANSWER
Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Moon is made of green cheese.

Atomic nuclei are the smallest particles in nature.
A magnet will pick up a copper penny.
Cosmic rays cannot penetrate the thickness of your
Conceptual Physics textbook.
Explanation:
All are scientific hypotheses!
All have tests for proving wrongness, so they pass the test of being a
scientific hypothesis.

CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR
Which of these is not a scientific hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Protons carry an electric charge.

Undetectable particles are some of nature's secrets.
Charged particles bend when in a magnetic field.
All of the above are scientific hypotheses.

CHECK YOUR ANSWER
Which of these is not a scientific hypothesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Protons carry an electric charge.

Undetectable particles are some of nature's secrets.
Charged particles bend when in a magnetic field.
All of the above are scientific hypotheses.
Explanation:
Choices A and C can be disproved by experiments.
Choice B has no test for wrongness, so it is not a scientific
hypothesis.

Law or principle
A hypothesis that has been tested repeatedly
and has not been contradicted
Theory
A synthesis of a large body of information that
encompasses well-tested and verified
hypotheses about certain aspects of the
natural world

CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR
Which of these often changes over time with further study?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Facts.
Theories.
Both of the above.
Neither of the above.

CHECK YOUR ANSWER
Which of these often changes over time with further study?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Facts.
Theories.
Both of the above.
Neither of the above.
Explanation:
Both can change. As we learn new information, we refine
our ideas; likewise in science.

CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR
A person who says, "that's only a theory" likely doesn't know
that a scientific theory is a
A.
B.
C.
D.
guess.
number of facts.
hypothesis of sorts.
vast synthesis of well-tested hypotheses and facts.

CHECK YOUR ANSWER
A person who says, "that's only a theory" likely doesn't know
that a scientific theory is a
A.
B.
C.
D.
guess.
number of facts.
hypothesis of sorts.
vast synthesis of well-tested hypotheses and facts.
Explanation:
The word "theory" in everyday speech is different than its use in science.
In science, only a vast, experimentally verifiable body of knowledge is a
theory.

Comparison of science, art, and religion by
domain:
Science is of the natural order and involves
the discovery and recording of natural
phenomena.
Art is the interpretation and expression of
human experience.
Religion involves faith and worship of a
supreme being.

Similarities between art and in science
Knowledge of what is possible in human
experience and in nature.
Knowledge of both affects our views and
decisions about the world.
Similarities between religion and in science
Both deal with unanswered questions.

CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR
Between a pilot and a priest, who do you think should fly a commercial
jet airplane? Who should perform a marriage? (Although the questions
are no-brainers, they have a point.)
A.
B.
C.
D.
The pilot should fly and the priest should perform a marriage.
The priest should fly and the pilot should perform a marriage.
The pilot should do both.
The priest should do both.

CHECK YOUR ANSWER
Between a pilot and a priest, who do you think should fly a commercial
jet airplane? Who should perform a marriage? (Although the questions
are no-brainers, they have a point.)
A.
B.
C.
D.
The pilot should fly and the priest should perform a marriage.
The priest should fly and the pilot should perform a marriage.
The pilot should do both.
The priest should do both.
Explanation:
The pilot and priest have different skills for different tasks, and each
can do their thing well.
Science and Technology

Science is concerned with gathering and
organizing knowledge.
Technology is the use of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes and to provide tools for
further exploration.
PhysicsThe Basic Science

Physical sciences include geology, astronomy,
chemistry, and physics.
Life sciences include biology, zoology, and
botany.
Physics underlies all the sciences.

CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR
Although physics may be the most difficult science course in certain
schools, when compared with the fields of chemistry, biology, geology,
and astronomy, it is
A.
B.
C.
D.
the simplest.
still the hardest!
the central science, between chemistry and biology.
simple enough, but only for especially intelligent people.

CHECK YOUR ANSWER
Although physics may be the most difficult science course in certain
schools, when compared with the fields of chemistry, biology, geology,
and astronomy, it is
A.
B.
C.
D.
the simplest.
still the hardest!
the central science, between chemistry and biology.
simple enough, but only for especially intelligent people.
Explanation:
Your physics text has fewer terms than biology or chemistry texts.
Physics is a much more basic science than other fields.

01 Lectureoutline

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

01 Lectureoutline

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

01 Lectureoutline

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture Outline

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

This lecture will help you understand:

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

These round images of the Sun are crescent

Some Early Scientific Measurements

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Some Early Scientific Measurements

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

MathematicsThe Language of Science

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Scientific MethodsCommon Steps

The Scientific Attitude

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Scientific Attitude

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Scientific Attitude

The Scientific Attitude

The Moon is made of green cheese.

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Scientific Attitude

The Moon is made of green cheese.

The Scientific Attitude

Protons carry an electric charge.

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Scientific Attitude

Protons carry an electric charge.

The Scientific Attitude

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Scientific Attitude

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Scientific Attitude

The Scientific Attitude

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Scientific Attitude

Science, Art, and Religion

Science, Art, and Religion

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Scientific Attitude

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Scientific Attitude

Science and Technology

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

PhysicsThe Basic Science

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Scientific Attitude

2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Scientific Attitude

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.