Year 11 Health Powerpoint

Determinants of
Health and
Development
Determinants of
Health
Biological Determinants
Behavioral Determinants
Physical Environment
Social Environment
Biological Determinants
Determinants are concerned with the bodys
cells, tissues, organs and systems, and how
they function.
Behavioral Determinants
Focus on the decisions people make and how
they choose to lead their lives.
Physical Environment
Encompasses the physical things that make up
the environment such as air and water, and
available facilities such as housing, recreation
and health care.
Biological Determinants:
The biological determinants are concerned with the bodys
cells, tissues, organs and systems, and how they function.
What are some examples of biological

determinants?
Biological Determinants:
The biological determinants are concerned with the bodys
cells, tissues, organs and systems, and how they function.
What are some examples of biological

determinants?
Genetics
Hormonal Changes
Body Weight
Genetics
The biological information that is passed down from

parents to children at the point of conception.
What is passed down?
Genetics
The biological information that is passed down from

parents to children at the point of conception.
What is passed down? Hair colour, eye colour,

height, weight, freckles, facial features and more.
Other determinants can influence genetics, for example,

if a person does not consume enough nutrients may not
end up at their maximal height.
Hormonal Changes
Responsible and essential for many aspects of life such as
metabolism, growth, cell death, the menstrual cycle in
women and puberty in youth.
Hormones are chemicals that are released by special parts
of the body called glands.
These series of glands in the body make up the endocrine
system.
What changes may we see?
Males
Females
Body Weight
Maintaining a healthy body weight is beneficial for
development during youth.
What plays a role in body weight?
Body Weight
Maintaining a healthy body weight is beneficial for
development during youth.
What plays a role in body weight? Genetics, food intake,
nutrient intake
Both overweight and underweight are both an issue.
BMI Body Mass Index
BMI = Weight (kg)
_____________
Height (m2)
Behavioral Determinants:
Behavioral determinants focus on the decisions people make
and how they choose to lead their lives.
During childhood, a lot of the health behaviors that people
engage in are based on the decisions made for them either by
law and policy makers, or by their family. As individuals enter
the youth stage, they start to take more responsibility for the
choices they make; these choices can have short-term and
long-term consequences.
What are some choices we make?

Write down three choices you made on the weekend?
Behavioral Determinants:
What are some choices we make?
Nutrition
Food Intake
Sun Protection
Physical Activity
Substance Use
Sexual Practices
Skills in developing and maintaining friendships
Seeking help from health professionals
Nutrition/Food Intake
One of the most important factors affecting the health and
individual human development of Australias youth.
Nutrition has a direct relationship to aspects of individual
human development such as bone and organ development.
Need in sufficient amounts on a day-to-day basis.
Sun Protection
Australias climate is among the harshest in the world and
skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer.
Skin cancer can be categorised into two groups; melanoma
and non-melanoma skin cancers.
Non-melanoma = most common type, make up 95% of all
skin cancers.
Melanoma = an aggressive form of skin cancer and can
metastasise.
Fair skin, moles, freckles burn easier and those with family
history.
Skin cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer among
people aged 12-24, accounting for around 30% of all newly
diagnosed cancers.
Sun Protection
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXbh1sz85-E
http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/3589233.htm
Physical Activity
15.4% of those in secondary school participated in levels of
physical activity recommended by NPAG
How much physical activity do youth need?
Important for healthy, balanced lifestyle.
Can cause: Cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure,
some cancers.
Can help promote social health, how?
Relieve stress, assist strengthening bones, increase bone
density, and promote intellectual development.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwZwe37Pb68
Substance Use
Youth is often a stage when people experiment.
What kinds of things may come under substance use?
Many of these substances can lead to health issues in the
short and long term. Effects could include hospitalisation,
accidents, conflict with family and friends, financial
difficulties, legal issues, organ damage, mental illness and
various forms of cancer.
Drug Use
Can cause blood-borne disease, violence, malnutrition,
cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, drug overdose
resulting in disability/death, effects social health and mental
health.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mDYPbIG-78
Tobacco Use
Is becoming less acceptable.
Short term; increased heart rate and blood pressure.
Long term; cardiovascular disease, many forms of cancer,
respiratory conditions such as emphysema.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLvI96Ezh38
Alcohol Use
Most common social drug in Australia.
In moderation, alcohol poses minimal risk to health.
Excessive alcohol intake = increased risk of morbidity and
mortality.
Binge drinking can result in violence, accidents such as
drowning, unsafe sexual practices, unconsciousness and
vomiting.
Long term; cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, certain
types of cancer, and mental illness.
Alcohol Use
http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2014/s4057583.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMQddOpSm2o
Sexual Practices
Sexual development is a significant milestone occurring in the
youth stage of the lifespan.
Being involved in a sexual relationship may affect the
persons social, mental and emotional health, how?
Long term; STIs, pregnancy.
Skills in developing and maintaining

friendships
The peer group is increasingly influential during youth.
What do we want to see in our friendships?
Skills in developing and maintaining

friendships
The peer group is increasingly influential during youth.
What do we want to see in our friendships?
Trust
Forgiveness
Participate in conversations
Listening
Commitment
Sharing and compromising
Be supportive
Honesty
Friends may influence each others behaviour =

Peer pressure.

Young people are more likely to consult a friend than a health
professional
Males are less likely to seek help
Why see a health professional?

Young people are more likely to consult a friend than a health
professional
Males are less likely to seek help
Why see a health professional?

Get professional assistance
Provide immunisation
Help prevent or cure health issues before they get worst/more
serious
Physical Environment:
The physical environment encompasses many factors that
have a direct impact on health and individual human
development such as air quality, the housing and work
environment, and access to facilities for recreation and
health care.
Aspects of the physical environment are often out of the
individuals control.
Tobacco smoke in the home

Housing environment
Work environment
Access to recreational facilities
Social Environment:
Some of these social environments are related to the influence of
the family and others are related to the wider community in
which youth live.
Family cohesion
Socioeconomic status of parents
Media
Community and civic participation
Access to education

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Determinants of

What are some examples of biological

What are some examples of biological

The biological information that is passed down from

What is passed down?

The biological information that is passed down from

What is passed down? Hair colour, eye colour,

Other determinants can influence genetics, for example,

What are some choices we make?

Skills in developing and maintaining

What do we want to see in our friendships?

Skills in developing and maintaining

What do we want to see in our friendships?

Friends may influence each others behaviour =

Seeking help from health professionals

Why see a health professional?

Seeking help from health professionals

Why see a health professional?

Tobacco smoke in the home

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