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    Difference Between Atmospheric Distillation and Vacuum Distillation

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    Muhammad Sultan
    Atmospheric distillation operates at or near atmospheric pressure and heats crude oil to 350-400°C to separate it into cuts like fuel gases, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, diesel and fuel oil. Vacuum distillation operates at lower pressures of 10-20 mm Hg to distill hydrocarbon residues left over from atmospheric distillation through further separation with or without heating. Both methods utilize distillation columns but vacuum distillation allows for separating hydrocarbon mixtures at lower temperatures than atmospheric pressure.

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    Difference Between Atmospheric Distillation and Vacuum Distillation

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Sultan
    1K views3 pages
    Atmospheric distillation operates at or near atmospheric pressure and heats crude oil to 350-400°C to separate it into cuts like fuel gases, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, diesel and fuel oil. Vacuum distillation operates at lower pressures of 10-20 mm Hg to distill hydrocarbon residues left over from atmospheric distillation through further separation with or without heating. Both methods utilize distillation columns but vacuum distillation allows for separating hydrocarbon mixtures at lower temperatures than atmospheric pressure.

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    Atmospheric distillation operates at or near atmospheric pressure and heats crude oil to 350-400°C to separate it into cuts like fuel gases, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, diesel and fuel oil. Vacuum distillation operates at lower pressures of 10-20 mm Hg to distill hydrocarbon residues left over from atmospheric distillation through further separation with or without heating. Both methods utilize distillation columns but vacuum distillation allows for separating hydrocarbon mixtures at lower temperatures than atmospheric pressure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1K views3 pages

    Difference Between Atmospheric Distillation and Vacuum Distillation

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Sultan
    Atmospheric distillation operates at or near atmospheric pressure and heats crude oil to 350-400°C to separate it into cuts like fuel gases, LPG, naphtha, kerosene, diesel and fuel oil. Vacuum distillation operates at lower pressures of 10-20 mm Hg to distill hydrocarbon residues left over from atmospheric distillation through further separation with or without heating. Both methods utilize distillation columns but vacuum distillation allows for separating hydrocarbon mixtures at lower temperatures than atmospheric pressure.

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    Difference between atmospheric distillation and Vacuum distillation

    Atmospheric Distillation
    Definition:

    Vacuum Distillation
    Definition:

    "Atmospheric distillation takes place in


    a distilling column at or near
    atmospheric pressure. The crude oil is
    heated to 350 - 400oC and the vapour
    and liquid are piped into the distilling
    column. The liquid falls to the bottom
    and the vapour rises, passing through a
    series of perforated trays (sieve trays)."

    It operates at atmospheric pressure(which is


    760 mm of Hg).
    Above this temperature, the oil will
    thermally crack, or break apart, which
    impedes the distillation process.
    The purpose of atmospheric distillation is
    primary separation of various 'cuts' of
    hydrocarbons namely, fuel gases, LPG,
    naptha , kerosene, diesel and fuel oil.
    The heavy hydrocarbon residue left at the
    bottom of the atmospheric distillation
    column is sent to vacuum distillation
    ......column for further separation of
    (AHMAD BILAL DDP-FA12-BEC-086)

    "Vacuum distillation is a method


    of distillation whereby the pressure above
    the liquid mixture to be distilled is reduced
    to less than its vapor pressure causing
    evaporation of the most volatile liquids."

    It operates at 10-20 mm of Hg.


    This distillation method works on the principle
    that boiling occurs when the vapor pressure of
    a liquid exceeds the ambient pressure.
    Vacuum distillation is used with or without
    heating the mixture.

    Schematic flow diagram of a typical crude oil distillation unit as used in petroleum crude
    oil refineries
    Where:
    LGO= Light gas oil.
    HGO= Heavy gas oil.
    LVGO= Light vacuum gas oil.
    HVGO= Heavy vacuum gas oil.
    RCO= Reduced crude oil.

    (AHMAD BILAL DDP-FA12-BEC-086)

    References:
    https://www.fkit.unizg.hr/_download/repository/PRPP_2013_Refinig_dis.p
    df
    http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/tbldefs/pet_pnp_cap1_tbldef2.asp
    http://www.engineeringoil.com/page.php?cateid=916
    http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2011/05/crude-oil-refining-process-flow/
    http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/PFDTypical-for-atmospheric-distillation-column.png
    http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/01/vacuum-distillation-unit/
    http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2011/05/atmospheric-distillation-unit/
    http://abarrelfull.wikidot.com/atmospheric-distillation

    (AHMAD BILAL DDP-FA12-BEC-086)

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