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    Mobile Phone Architecture & Technology

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    lov'me
    The document discusses the history and architecture of mobile phone networks. It describes the evolution from analogue to digital networks like GSM. The key components of a GSM network are identified as the mobile station, base station, mobile switching center, home location register, visitor location register, and equipment identity register. Code division multiple access technology is also introduced. Finally, the major internal sections of a mobile phone like power, radio, and computer are outlined.

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    Mobile Phone Architecture & Technology

    Uploaded by

    lov'me
    197 views27 pages
    The document discusses the history and architecture of mobile phone networks. It describes the evolution from analogue to digital networks like GSM. The key components of a GSM network are identified as the mobile station, base station, mobile switching center, home location register, visitor location register, and equipment identity register. Code division multiple access technology is also introduced. Finally, the major internal sections of a mobile phone like power, radio, and computer are outlined.

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    Mobile Phone

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    The document discusses the history and architecture of mobile phone networks. It describes the evolution from analogue to digital networks like GSM. The key components of a GSM network are identified as the mobile station, base station, mobile switching center, home location register, visitor location register, and equipment identity register. Code division multiple access technology is also introduced. Finally, the major internal sections of a mobile phone like power, radio, and computer are outlined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    197 views27 pages

    Mobile Phone Architecture & Technology

    Uploaded by

    lov'me
    The document discusses the history and architecture of mobile phone networks. It describes the evolution from analogue to digital networks like GSM. The key components of a GSM network are identified as the mobile station, base station, mobile switching center, home location register, visitor location register, and equipment identity register. Code division multiple access technology is also introduced. Finally, the major internal sections of a mobile phone like power, radio, and computer are outlined.

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    of 27

    MOBILE PHONE

    ARCHITECTURE & TECHNOLOGY


    HISTORY
     The idea of the first cellular network
    was brainstormed in 1947
     Disadvantages
     All the analogue system suffered from
    overload
     Incompatibility & proprietary nature
     Roaming was not possible
     GSM/group special mobile started out as the
    name of working group of CEPT( European
    conference of Postal & telecommunication)
     Task of this group was standardisation of
    digital mobile communication
     GSM had become the name of standard
    itself.
     The acronym GSM had been changed from
    Group Spécial Mobile to Global Systems
    Mobile Telecommunications.
    Technology
     GSM (global system mobile)
     CDMA (Code division multiple access)
    Architecture of GSM network
    Base Station
    Network Subsystem
    Mobile Station Subsystem Other Networks

    PSTN
    MSC/ GMSC
    BSC VLR
    BTS
    ME
    SIM
    PLMN

    EIR HLR AUC


    Internet

    +
    SD

    Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.


    Cellular Systems
     The geographic
    MSC VLR area is divided
    HLR into cells
    land link
     Each cell has a
    land link
    Base Station
    managing the
    VLR MSC communications
    Base Station
    Radio
    link
     A set of cells
    managed by a
    single MSC is
    MSC Mobile Switching Center called Location
    VLR Visitor Location Register Area
    HLR Home Location Register
    Mobile Station (MS)
     Mobile Equipment
     International Mobile Equipment Identity
    (IMEI) number
     Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
     Personal Identification Number (PIN)
     International Mobile Subscriber Identity
    (IMSI) number
     Enables access to subscribed services
     Smart card
    MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER
     MSC is a sophisticated telephone
    exchange which provides
     circuit-switched calling
     mobility management
     GSM services to the mobile phones roaming
    within the area that it serves. ie voice, data
    and fax services, as well as SMS and call
    divert.
    Tasks of the MSC include
     delivering calls to subscribers as they arrive based on
    information from the VLR
     connecting outgoing calls to other mobile subscribers
    or the PSTN.
     delivering SMS from subscribers to the SMSC and vice
    versa
     arranging handovers from BSC to BSC
     carrying out handovers from this MSC to another
     supporting supplementary services such as
    conference calls or call hold.
     collecting billing information.
    BASE STATION SUB-SYSTEM
     BSS consists of two nodes

     Base Transceiver
    station (BTS)-: BTS
    contains the equipment
    for transmitting and
    receiving of radio signals
    (transceivers), antennas,
    and equipment for
    encrypting and decrypting
    communications with the
    Base Station Controller
    (BSC)
     Base Station Controller (BSC)

     Provides classically, the intelligence


    behind the BTS’s
     It handles allocation of radio channels,
    receives measurements from the
    mobile phones, controls handovers
    from BTS to BTS
    DATA BASES
     H.L.R (HOME LOCATION REGISTER)

     V.L.R (VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER)

     E.I.R (EQUIPMENT IDENTIFY REGISTER)


    HLR
     Master subscriber database
     Used for the management of mobile
    subscriber
     Contains subscription levels, call
    restrictions, supplementary services
    and most recent location of the
    subscriber
    VLR
     Temporary subscriber data base
     Contains data needed by the MSC for
    servicing visiting subscribers
     Contains information for all visiting
    mobile subscribers
    EIR
     Database which contains information
    about the mobile equipment identity
     Used for equipment security and
    validation of different types of mobile
    equipment
    FREQUENCY RANGE
    MODE TX FREQUENCY RX FREQUENCY

    GSM 900 890-915 MHz 935-960 MHz

    DCS 1800 1710-1785 MHz 1805-1880 MHZ

    PCS 1900 1850-1910 MHz 1930-1990 MHz


    ACCESS SCHEMES
    CDMA BASICS
     CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) splits calls
    into fragments and send them over different
    frequencies simultaneously
     The use of multiple frequencies gives CDMA
    effective protection against interference and lost
    calls
     CDMA supports true packet switching and does
    not use time slots, therefore is more bandwidth
    efficient than TDMA -- also a more direct path to
    3G
     Current CDMA penetration in the world market is
    about 27%
    ADVANTAGES OF CDMA
     Voice quality
     Call security
     Network capacity
     Call maintenance
    BLOCK DIAGRAM
    MAJOR SECTIONS
     There are three major sections inside
    a mobile phone

     Power Section
     Radio Section
     Computer Section
    POWER SECTION
     A Power section deals with power related
    tasks such as power distribution or
    charging the battery so this section is
    divided into two sub sections

     Power distribution
     Charging section
    RADIO SECTION
     A radio section has basically a set of four
    main functions-:

     Band Switching

     RF Power Amplification

     Transmitter

     Receiver
    COMPUTER SECTION
     A computer section consists of two
    main functions

     CPU (central processing unit)


     Memory (RAM,FLASH,COMBO CHIP)
    TRANSMISSION

    MIC

    AUDIO IC RF IC TX COUPLER POWER ANTENNA


    AMPLIFIER SWITCH

    VCO

    MODULATION
    PCB LAYOUT
    NOKIA 2600

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