SEMINAR REPORT

ON

UNLICENCED MOBILE ACCESS

(UMA)

BY:
SWATHY SEKHAR
07412056
Submitted for:

PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

B.TECH.(CSE)

Under the Guidance of:

Mr. SIVAKUMAR.R

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING,

SHM ENGINEERING COLLEGE,KADAKKAL

KOLLAM
JULY,2010
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.Abstract
2.Introduction

3.Theoretical Description
3.1How does this dual mode service work

3.2 Basic requirements for using UMA services

3.3 Participating companies and vendors of the UMA

3.4 A note on the history of the UMA

4. Technical Details

4.1 UMA functional architecture

4.1.1. GANC(GAN Controller)

4.1.2 Security gateway
4.1.3Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) infrastructure
4.1.4 .Dual mode handset
4.1.5. Standard Wi-fi access poin

4.2 Modes of operation

5. Advantages

5.1For Carrier

5.2 For Subscriber

6. Disadvantages

7. Conclusion

8. References
 ABSTRACT

Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) technology provides access to GSM and

GPRS mobile services over unlicensed spectrum technologies, including Blue tooth and 802.11. By
deploying UMA technology, service providers can enable subscribers to roam and handover
between cellular networks and public and private unlicensed wireless networks using dual-mode
mobile handsets. Term UMA is more common in marketing,technically it is known as generic
access network(GAN).With UMA, subscribers receive a consistent user experience for their mobile
voice and data services as they transition between networks.

This report will attempt to discuss the details of the UMA, its evolution, its services, architecture,
and other implication
 INTRODUCTION

The Unlicensed Mobile Access(UMA) is an evolving

wireless communications system in which mobile phone sets function seamlessly between local
area networks (LANs) and wide-area networks (WANs). Using GAN technology, a cell phone
subscriber can communicate by voice, data and multimedia. As UMA/GAN technology is
implemented, cellular telephone subscribers can expect improved coverage, the ability to use a
single phone set for all their voice communications and perhaps cheaper rates with a single bill for
Internet and voice communications.

Main application of this GAN/UMA is the Dual-mode Handset service.

 3.THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION

3.1 How does this dual-mode service work

With dual-mode services(GSM and Wi-fi), subscribers make calls from outside the home as they
would ordinarily, using the GSM radio network at the standard tariff rate. But inside the home, the
call travels over the subscriber’s wireless broadband connection, so the operator can enjoy a similar
economic structure as VoIP-over-broadband provider.

(UMA model)

3.2 Basic requirements for using GAN services

To offer GAN dual-mode services, mobile operators need handsets,network controllers, call
control, the security to protect the mobile operator voice network from Internet-based threats, and
wireless access points for their subscribers.
3.3 Participating companies and vendors of the UMA

Alcatel
British Telecom
Cingular
Ericsson
Kineto Wireless
Motorola
Nokia
Nortel Networks
O2
Research in Motion
Rogers Wireless
Siemens
Sony Ericsson
T-Mobile US
 3.4 A note on the history of the GAN (also called as the UMA)

In September 2004, the participating companies published the initial

UMA
specifications and formally introduced them to the 3rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards body.
In April 2005, an unprecedented eight months later, the UMA

specifications were incorporated into the 3GPP release 6 specifications. While referred to as
"Generic Access Network" or GAN, within the 3GPP specifications.
In mid 2006, mobile operators around the world began announcing
their intention to deploy dual-mode handset (DMH)-based UMA
services.
Throughout 2007, there were constant announcement of new UMA-
enabled dual-mode phones to support the commercial service offers.
In early 2008, the first commercial UMA-based fixed line VoIP service
appeared as well as the first UMA-enabled softmobile client
 4.TECHNICAL DETAILS

4.1 GAN functional architecture

As seen in the figure the GAN functional architecture consists of 5 basic

components

4.1.1. GANC(GAN Controller)

4.1.2. Security gateway
4.1.3. Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) infrastructure
4.1.4. Dual mode handset
4.1.5. Standard Wi-fi access point

4.1.1.GANC :
 The GANC provides dual-mode handsets with alternative access to GSM voice and GPRS data
services.
 For voice traffic, the GANC integrates directly into an operator Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
through the A interface.
For data traffic, the GANC integrates directly into an operator serving GPRS support node(SGSN)
through the Gb interface

4.1.2. Security gateway:

The introduction of a GAN solution into an operator network raises numerous security implications
and vulnerabilities inherent in an IP-based architecture. The security gateway provides two
important security roles in the GAN

Secure authentication (through Extensible Authentication Protocol–SIM [EAP-SIM] or EAP–

Authentication and Key Agreement [EAP-AKA]) of mobile subscribers

Termination of secure tunnels (through IP Security [IPSec]) with InternetKey Exchange Version 2
[IKEv2]) from the handset

4.1.3 Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) infrastructure:

The AAA infrastructure interacts with numerous elements in the GAN architecture, including:

 Security gateway : The AAA infrastructure

interacts directly with the security gateway to validate mobile credentials during IPSec tunnel
establishment. This includes the use of EAP mechanisms for SIM-based authentication using either
EAP-SIM or EAP-AKA.
HLR: The AAA infrastructure includes a MAP Gateway function for communication to the
operator HLR using the SS7 transport protocol. During authentication, the AAA infrastructure is
responsible for converting RADIUS authentication messages from the security gateway into SS7
MAP Invoke messages to the HLR. This allows the existing HLR to verify a user on the GAN using
the IMSI/triplets sequence that is standard for GSM/GPRS authentication.

4.1.4 Dual-mode handset:

The dual-mode handset allows an end user to connect to either a public GSM radio network or a
private Wi-Fi or Blue-tooth radio network and maintain the same service capabilities.

4.1.5. Standard Wi-Fi access point:

A standard Wi-Fi access point (or hotspot) is used to provide Wi-Fi access to a dual-mode
handset. This Wi-Fi access point may be enhanced with specific Quality of Service (QoS) and
security mechanisms, such as rate-limiting for uplink traffic, Call Admission control to limit the
number of dual-mode handsets that may associate with it, 802.1x encryption, etc.
 4.2 Modes of operation:

A typical UMA/GAN handset will have four modes of operation:

 GERAN-only: uses only cellular networks.
 GERAN-preferred: uses cellular networks if available, otherwise the 802.11 radio.
 GAN-preferred: uses a 802.11 connection if an access point is in range, otherwise the cellular
network.
 GAN-only: uses only the 802.11 connection.

In all cases, the handset scans for GSM cells when it first turns on, to determine its location
area. This allows the carrier to route the call to the nearest GANC, set the correct rate plan, and
comply with existing roaming agreements.
 ADVANTAGES:

For the Carriers:

Instead of erecting expensive base stations to cover every nook and cranny of a neighbourhood,
GAN allows carriers to add coverage using low cost 802.11 access points. When at
home,subscribers have very good coverage.

In addition, GAN relieves congestion on the GSM or UMTS spectrum by removing common
types of calls and routing them to the operator via the relatively low cost Internet

 GAN makes sense for network operators that also offer internet services. Operators can leverage
sales of one to promote the other, and can bill both to each customer

Some other operators also run networks of 802.11 hotspots, such as T- Mobile. They will be able
to leverage these hotspots to create more capacity and better coverage in many populous areas.

Subscribers, not the network, pay directly for much of the costs associated with the service. They
pay for a connection to the Internet, effectively paying the expensive part of the cost of routing calls
from their location.

For the Subscribers :

Subscribers do not rely on their operator's ability to roll out towers and coverage, allowing them to
fix some types of coverage black-spot themselves (such as in the home or office.)

The cheaper rates for 802.11 use, coupled with better coverage at home, make it more affordable
and practical to use cellphones instead of land lines.

GAN is currently the only commercial technology available that combines GSM and 802.11 into a
service that uses a single number, a single handset, single set of services and a single phone
directory for all calls.
 DISADVANTAGES:

Handsets must support 802.11 network access which requires additional space, power
and complexity and may affect the size,weight and battery performance of the
phone.Increasingly,consumers take advantage of unlimited or otherwise high-volume data tariffs to
make VoIP calls via SIP, as with Skype.

GAN will mean that this type of usage is more likely to be charged on a per-minute or unit basis as
with voice calls, which may increase the cost of mobile calls made over IP
8.SIMILAR TECHNOLOGY

GAN/UMA is not the first system to allow the use of unlicensed spectrum to connect
handsets to a GSM network. The GIP/IWP standard for DECT provides similar functionality, but
requires a more direct connection to the GSM network from the base station. While dual-mode
DECT/GSM phones have appeared, these have generally been functionally cordless phones with a
GSM handset built-in (or vice versa, depending on your point of view), rather than phones
implementing DECT/GIP, due to the lack of suitable infrastructure to hook DECT base-stations
supporting GIP to GSM networks on an ad-hoc basis. GAN/UMA's ability to use the Internet to
provide the "last mile" connection to the GSM network solves the major issue that DECT/GIP has
faced. Had GIP emerged as a practical standard, the low power usage of DECT technology when
idle would have been an advantage compared to GAN. There is nothing preventing an operator
from deploying micro- and pico-cells that use towers that connect with the home network over the
Internet. Several companies have developed so-called Femtocell systems that do precisely
that,broadcasting a "real" GSM or UMTS signal, bypassing the need for special handsets that
require 802.11 technology. In theory, such systems are more universal, and again require lower
power than 802.11, but their legality will vary depending on the jurisdiction, and will require the
cooperation of the operator.
 9.CONCLUSION:

UMA/GAN dual-mode services to the home give mobile operators the opportunity for a
significant competitive advantage by accelerating Fixed-mobile substitution, increasing
penetration, and reducing turnover. The GAN architecture provides an essential prerequisite for
dual-mode services protecting the mobile operator’s voice network from threats originating from
the Internet. Because the security infrastructure that is used to offer dual-mode services can be
reused for other services,including IMS, the investment in the GAN solution provides a competitive
advantage for tomorrow’s service as well as today’s.
9.REFERENCES:

http://umatoday.com/briefHistory.php
4.3GPP OVERVIEW
http://www.3gpp.org/About/about.htm
.Definitions
http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci120
8707,00.htmL
.All about protocols
http://www.voxeo.com/products/voip-home.jsp
7 GSM, TDMA - CDMA, Wireless LAN
http://whitepapers.techrepublic.com.com/abstract.aspx?docid=268373
8.http://whitepapers.techrepublic.com.com/thankyou.aspx?authId=ikq5icu
pT4KI8U8Gu92k
KgRMRbkImtNEM82eO7wUxjdLDvUjT/ypXW8oj8PB4ZB4&&promo=100511
&docid=268373&view=268373&load=1
9.