PROBLEM 4-44 Statement: A 10-mm ID steel tube carries liquid at 7 MPa. Determine the principal stresses in the wall if its thickmess is: a) 1 mm, b) 5 mm. Units: Nc=newton MPa:=10°.Pa Given: Tubing ID ID =10-mim Inside pressure Assumption: The tubing is long therefore the axial stress is zero, Solution: (@) Wall thickness is 1. Check wall thickness to radius ratio to see if this is a thick or thin wall problem. 1 05D ratio ‘=. ratio = 0.2 Since the ratio is greater than 0.1, this is a thick wall problem. 2. Using equations 4.48a and 4.48b, the stresses are maximum at the inside wall where Inside radius 1 /=051D Ourside radius Tangential stress y= 7-MPa rj =Somm r= 69mm oy =38.820MPa 3. Determine the principal stresses (since, for this choice of coordinates, the shear stress is zero), o) 50, o 1 =38.82°MPa 0) =0-MPa 03 =-7.00-MPa * max =22.91¢MPa 1. Check wall thickness to radius ratio to see if this is a thick or thin wall problem. t 0s1D ratio : ratio =1 ‘Since the rato is greater than 0.1, this is a thick wall problem. 2. Using equations 4.48a and 4.48b, the stresses are maximum at the inside wall whereInside radius Outside radius roierjtt 1.67°MPa ‘Tangential stress 3. Determine the principal stresses (since, for this choice of coordinates, the shear stress is zero), oy: oy =11.67MPa 03 =77.00 MPa max =933°MPaPROBLEM 4-49a Statement: A hollow, square column has the dimensions and properties below. Determine if it is « ‘Jobason or an Ealer column and find the critical load: (@) If its boundary conditions are pinned-pinned. (b) If its boundary conditions are fixed-pinned. (©) If its boundary conditions are fixed-fixed. (@) If its boundary conditions are fixed-free. Units: N:=newton MPa:=10°.Pa IN=10°-N Given: Length of column = L:= 100mm Outside dimension 50 :=4:mm Yield strength 00 MPa Inside dimension si :=3-mm Modulus of elasticity E :=207-GPa Solution: 1. Calculate the slendemess ratio that divides the unit load vs slendemess ratio graph into Johnson and Euler ‘Tegions. s,pee PE s,p=167 Sy 2. Caleulate the cross-section area and the moment of inertia. Area Asso — si A =7.00¢mm? Moment of inertia 1=1(so'- si) 1=14.58-mm* (a) pinned-pinned ends: 3. Using Table 4-7, calculate the effective column length. lef ‘4. Calculate the slendemess ratio for the column. L L gg = 100omm Radius of gyration k= 1443-mm Slendemess ratio S,=6928 ‘Since the S, for this column is less than Sp, it is Johnson column. 5. Calculate the critical load using the Johnson equation. P gy = 1-T3AN (b) fixed-pinned ends 6. Using Table 4-7, calculate the effective coluran length. L eg208L Leg = 80mm7. Calculate the slendemess ratio for the column. Radius of gyration k= 143mm Slendemess ratio 55.43 Since the S, for this column is less than S,p, it is a Johnson column, 8. Calculate the critical load using the Johnson equation. 2 1 [SyS-\ =A15y-—| P op = 1.860KN or (>, Flas) er (©) fixed-fixed ends 9. Using Table 4-7, calculate the effective column length. Le’ 0.65-L Leg= Semm 10, Calculate the slendemess ratio for the column. Radius of gyration k= 1443¢mm Slendemess ratio s,s S,=45.03 ‘Since the S, for this column is less than Sp, it 11. Caloulate the critical load using the Johnson equation. rom vs (d) fixed-free ends 12, Using Table 4-7, calculate the effective column length. LgF2il L qg= 210mm 13. Caloulste the slendemess ratio for the column. Radius of gyration = 1.443 ¢mm Slendemess ratio at 45.49 ‘Since the S, for this column is greater than S,p, itis an Euler column, 14, Calculate the critical load using the Euler equation. 2 fE P op =6160NPROBLEM 4-522 ‘Statement: _ solid, circular column, loaded eccentrically, has the dimensions and properties below. Find the critical load: (a) If its boundary conditions are pinned-pinned. (b) If its boundary conditions are fixed-pinned. (c) If its boundary conditions are fixed-fixed. (@) If its boundary conditions are fixed-free. Units: Nsnewton MPa:=10°.Pa Given: Yield strength Syi=300-MPa Modulus of elasticity E = 207-GPa Solution: 1. Calculate the cross-section area, distance to extreme fiber, and the moment of inertia. Area 4 £314.16 9mm! Distance to extreme fiber :=0.5-od = 10mm Moment of inertia re Lof 1 = 7854emm* 4. Caloulate the radius of gyration and eccentricity ratio for the column. Radius of gyration k LE k =5.00-mm Eccentricity ratio E,=40 (0) pinned-pinned ends 3. Using Table 4-7, calculate the effective column length. LegHle L gg = 100 9mm 4. Calculate the slenderness ratio for the column. Leg ee Slendemess ratio Ss 5. Calculate the critical load using the Secant equation. P cp find P) P op = 18.6344 (b) fixed-pinned ends 6. Using Table 4-7, calculate the effective column length.Lg =08L L gg = 80mm 7. Calculate the slendemess ratio for the column. Slendemess ratio 8. Calculate the critical load using the Secant equation. Guess Po=1AN Given (©) fixed-fixed ends 9. Using Table 4-7, calculate the effective column length. L gg =0.65.L L eg= Semm 10. Calculate the slendemness ratio for the column. L Slendemess ratio s 2 11. Caleulate the critical load using the Secant equation. Guess Given (A) fized:free ends 12. Using Table 4-7, calculate the effective column length. Legit Lag22l0emm 13. Caleulate the slendemess ratio for the column. at k Slenderness ratio 14, Caloulate the critical load using the Secant equation. Guess P Given P oy =findP) 16.00 P op = 1B.TIAN S,=13.00 P op = 18.764N S,=42 or =17934N