Java JDBC Tutorial

Java JDBC Tutorial
JDBC Introduction
The JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) API defines interfaces and classes for
writing database applications in Java by making database connections. Using JDBC you
can send SQL, PL/SQL statements to almost any relational database. JDBC is a Java API
for executing SQL statements and supports basic SQL functionality. It provides RDBMS
access by allowing you to embed SQL inside Java code. Because Java can run on a thin
client, applets embedded in Web pages can contain downloadable JDBC code to enable
remote database access. You will learn how to create a table, insert values into it, query
the table, retrieve results, and update the table with the help of a JDBC Program example.
Although JDBC was designed specifically to provide a Java interface to relational

databases, you may find that you need to write Java code to access non-relational
databases as well.
JDBC Architecture
Java application calls the JDBC library. JDBC loads a driver which talks to the
database. We can change database engines without changing database code.
JDBC Basics - Java Database Connectivity Steps
Before you can create a java jdbc connection to the database, you must first
import the java.sql package. “import java.sql.*;”. The star ( * ) indicates that all of the
classes in the package java.sql are to be imported.
1. Loading a database driver

In this step of the jdbc connection process, we load the driver class by calling
Class.forName() with the Driver class name as an argument. Once loaded, the Driver
class creates an instance of itself. A client can connect to Database Server through JDBC
Driver. Since most of the Database servers support ODBC driver therefore JDBC-ODBC
Bridge driver is commonly used. The return type of the Class.forName (String
ClassName) method is "Class". Class is a class in java.lang package.
try {
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); //Or any other
driver
}
catch(Exception x){
System.out.println( "Unable to load the driver class!" );
}
2. Creating a jdbc Connection

The JDBC DriverManager class defines objects which can connect Java
applications to a JDBC driver. DriverManager is considered the backbone of JDBC
architecture. DriverManager class manages the JDBC drivers that are installed on the
system. It’s getConnection() method is used to establish a connection to a database. It
uses a username, password, and a jdbc url to establish a connection to the database and
returns a connection object. A jdbc Connection represents a session/connection with a
specific database. Within the context of a Connection, SQL, PL/SQL statements are
executed and results are returned. An application can have one or more connections with
a single database, or it can have many connections with different databases. A
Connection object provides metadata i.e. information about the database, tables, and
fields. It also contains methods to deal with transactions.
JDBC URL Syntax:: jdbc: <subprotocol>: <subname>
try{
Connection
dbConnection=DriverManager.getConnection(url,"loginName","Password")
}
catch( SQLException x ){
System.out.println( "Couldn't get connection!" );
}
3. Creating a jdbc Statement object

Once a connection is obtained we can interact with the database. Connection
interface defines methods for interacting with the database via the established connection.
To execute SQL statements, you need to instantiate a Statement object from your
connection object by using the createStatement() method.
Statement statement = dbConnection.createStatement();
A statement object is used to send and execute SQL statements to a database.
Three kinds of Statements

Statement: Execute simple sql queries without parameters.
Statement createStatement() // Creates an SQL Statement object.
Prepared Statement: Execute precompiled sql queries with or without parameters.
PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
returns a new PreparedStatement object. PreparedStatement objects are precompiled
SQL statements.
Callable Statement: Execute a call to a database stored procedure.

CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql)
returns a new CallableStatement object. CallableStatement objects are SQL stored
procedure call statements.
4. Executing a SQL statement with the Statement object, and returning a jdbc
resultSet.
Statement interface defines methods that are used to interact with database via the
execution of SQL statements. The Statement class has three methods for executing
statements: executeQuery(), executeUpdate(), and execute(). For a SELECT statement,
the method to use is executeQuery . For statements that create or modify tables, the
method to use is executeUpdate. Note: Statements that create a table, alter a table, or drop
a table are all examples of DDL statements and are executed with the method
executeUpdate. execute() executes an SQL statement that is written as String object.
ResultSet provides access to a table of data generated by executing a Statement. The

table rows are retrieved in sequence. A ResultSet maintains a cursor pointing to its
current row of data. The next() method is used to successively step through the rows of
the tabular results.
ResultSetMetaData Interface holds information on the types and properties of the

columns in a ResultSet. It is constructed from the Connection object.
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Java JDBC Tutorial

Although JDBC was designed specifically to provide a Java interface to relational

JDBC Basics - Java Database Connectivity Steps

1. Loading a database driver

2. Creating a jdbc Connection

JDBC URL Syntax:: jdbc: <subprotocol>: <subname>

3. Creating a jdbc Statement object

Three kinds of Statements

Callable Statement: Execute a call to a database stored procedure.

ResultSet provides access to a table of data generated by executing a Statement. The

ResultSetMetaData Interface holds information on the types and properties of the

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