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    Chemistry of Petroleum

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    Mourad Hosni
    Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exist as a liquid underground and remain liquid above ground. It consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen, along with traces of other elements. The main chemical compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons including paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics. Crude oil also contains small amounts of heterocompounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds.

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    Chemistry of Petroleum

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    Mourad Hosni
    52 views6 pages
    Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exist as a liquid underground and remain liquid above ground. It consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen, along with traces of other elements. The main chemical compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons including paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics. Crude oil also contains small amounts of heterocompounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds.

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    Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exist as a liquid underground and remain liquid above ground. It consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen, along with traces of other elements. The main chemical compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons including paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics. Crude oil also contains small amounts of heterocompounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds.

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    52 views6 pages

    Chemistry of Petroleum

    Uploaded by

    Mourad Hosni
    Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exist as a liquid underground and remain liquid above ground. It consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen, along with traces of other elements. The main chemical compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons including paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics. Crude oil also contains small amounts of heterocompounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds.

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    Chemistry of Petroleum

    Mourad.Hosni@hotmail.com

    12/9/2010

    Mourad Hosni
    http://www.scribd.com/MouradHosni
    Crude Oil: is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exist in the liquid phase
    in natural underground reservoirs, and remain liquid at atmospheric
    pressure after passing through separating facilities.

    In terms of elemental chemistry, oil consists largely of carbon,


    hydrogen, and some traces of other elements [listed in the proceeding
    table].

    Chemical composition of crude oils by weight %

    1
    Compounds Found in Crude Oil

    1- Hydrocarbons:
    1- Paraffins [alkanes]
    2- Naphthenes [cycloalkanes]
    3- Aromatics
    2- Heterocompounds

    Paraffins:

    Also called Alkanes, they are saturated hydrocarbons. Have the


    formula: CnH2n+2

    For n < 5 Paraffins are gaseous at room’s temperature and pressure.

    For 5 ≤ n ≥ 15 Paraffins are liquid at room’s temperature and pressure.

    For n > 15 Paraffins grade from viscous liquids to solid wax.

    e.g. Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane…etc

    Heptane C7H16

    2
    Naphthenes:

    Also called Cycloalkanes, have a general formula CnH2n

    They occur in a homologous series consisting of 5 and 6 membered


    carbon rings called: cyclopentane, and cyclohexane. All naphthenes are
    liquid at room’s temperature and pressure. They make up 40% of both
    heavy and light crude oil.

    3
    Aromatics:

    Their molecular structure is based on a ring of six carbon atmos. The


    simplest member of this family is benzene (C6H6). Aromatic
    hydrocarbons are liquid at normal temperature and pressure. They
    present in minor amounts (10%) in light oils, to more than 30 % in
    heavy ones.

    Toluene (C6H5CH3) is the most common aromatic compound in crude


    oil.

    4
    Heterocompounds:

    They are compounds contain elements other than Carbon and


    Hydrogen. Principal elements of these compounds are oxygen,
    hydrogen, and sulfur together with rare metal atoms, e.g. nickel, and
    vanadium.

    Oxygen compounds range between 0.06 and 0.4 %

    Nitrogen compounds range between 0.01 and 0.9 %

    Sulfur compounds range between 0.1 and 7.0 %

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