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EE/ME/AeroE/Math 578: Mid term Exam

Assigned: March 23
Due: March 26 (On Campus), March 29 (Off Campus)

1. Consider the coupled inverted pendulum system given in figure (1)

Figure 1: Coupled Inverted Pendulums

For this system


(a) Derive the equations of motion using Euler-Lagrange method.
(b) Find all the equilibirum points of this system, study the stability of each equilib-
rium point and plot the local phase portraits at each of these equilibrium points
(Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary but clearly state the assump-
tions).
2. For the system ẋ = f (x) having unique solution φt (x), show that
∂ φt (x)
f (x) = f (φt (x))
∂x
Hint: ∂ φ∂t x(x) f (x) = limh→0 φt (x+h f (x))−φ
h
t (x)
. Using the derived results show that for
the function Z ∞
V (x) = − e−t h(φt (x))dt
0
1
that if h is continuously differentiable and the solutions φt (x) are bounded then

hOV (x), f (x)i = V (x) + h(x)

3. Consider the nonlinear control system

ẋ = f (x) + g(x)u

where f : Rn → Rn and g : Rn → Rn×m and u ∈ Rm . Suppose there exists a smooth


positive definite, radially unbounded function V : Rn → R≥0 such that

hOV (x), f (x)i ≤ 0

and letting φt (x, 0) denote the solution of the system starting at x with u = 0, we have

gT (φt (x, 0))OV (φt (x, 0)) = 0 ∀t =⇒ x = 0

Show that the control choice u = −gT (x)OV (x) renders the system globally asymp-
totically stable. Use the derived results to design a globally asymptotically stabilizing
feedback controller for the system

ẋ1 = x2
ẋ2 = −x1 + x1 u

Explain why all the conditions in the previous discussion holds true.

4. Consider the Duffing oscillator with the actuation f (t).

ẍ = x − x3 + f (t)

Is it possible to execute any arbitrary motion x(t) between time 0 and T by choosing
appropriate f (t) if so explain how?

5. Consider the nonlinear dynamical system

ẋ1 = −3x1 + x2
ẋ2 = x1 − x2 − x23

Show that the origin is globally asymptotically stable by constructing appropriate


h iT
Lyapunov function. (Hint: Use the property that ∂∂ xf (x) + ∂∂ xf (x) ≤ −I)

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