Sustainability at Harvard

Best Practices for a Sustainable Campus

Nathan Gauthier (w/slides from Tom Vautin, Doug Garron, Jeffrey Smith, and Jaclyn Olsen)

Sustainability at Harvard
Introduction Energy Supply and Procurement Sustainable Design and Construction Green Operations and Maintenance Occupant Engagement GHG Reduction Planning

Harvards Energy Supply

GHG Contributors Energy Systems GHG Intensity Reducing GHG Intensity Reducing Energy Consumption

What Drives Harvards GHG Emissions?

Scope 1 and 2 Emissions by Source: FY07
#2 Oil 1% Natural Gas 8% #4 Oil 2% Chilled Water Plant 4%

Blackstone Steam Plant 33%

Electricity 52%

Heating, cooling and powering buildings accounts for 85+% of the Cambridge Campus GHG Emissions

How can Harvard reduce its GHG footprint?

Stage 4
Acquire offsets for emissions that cant otherwise be reduced

Stage 3

Increase use of renewable energy Increase efficiency and reduce emissions from energy sources

Stage 2

Stage 1

Reduce total energy consumption

Energy Infrastructure Chilled Water

Two production facilities (Science Center & Northwest Lab) Space conditioning & process cooling; 14,000 ton peak demand 70 buildings served; 5 million gsf; 900,000 ton-days/yr (259,000 MMBtu/yr) 8 chillers, 2 free-cooling heat exchangers (winter operation) All chillers are fueled by electricity

E&U Chilled Water

Reducing GHG Intensity Chilled Water

Replaced two 2,500 Ton Chillers (1 Oxford Street Plant) 1,345 MTCDE reduction Energy input/unit of Chilled Water down ~ 19% (FY06 to FY07) Optimization with new Northwest Plant Free-cooling heat exchangers (winter operation) 210 MTCDE reduction

Chilled Water Production Efficiency

1,200,000 0.900 0.800

Ton-Days (quantity)

1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08

0.600 0.500 0.400 0.300

Chilled Water Produced

Energy Rate

Lower Energy Rate = Lower GHG Intensity

kw/Ton

0.700

Energy Infrastructure Central Steam

Blackstone Plant Harvards primary source for process steam, heating and hot water generation 160 buildings served, 11 million gsf 700,000 MMBtu/year 4 dual-fuel boilers, ~350,000 lbs/hr peak demand, 400F/100125psig 10 miles of pipeline underground and in bridges in Cambridge & Allston

Blackstone Steam Plant

Reducing GHG Intensity Central Steam

Increased use of Natural Gas 12,000 MTCDE reduction

GHG Intensity of Steam down ~ 16% (FY06 to FY07) Replacement Boiler 2,599 MTCDE reduction New Steam Turbine Generator (5 megawatts) 10,925 MTCDE reduction Optimization through new DEF/CHP facility interconnection

Energy Infrastructure Electricity

Harvard microgrid serves 90% of Harvards load (Cambridge/Allston) Bulk delivery from NSTAR at 13,800 volts 3 main Harvard take stations that feed microgrid 50 MW peak; 250 Million kWh/yr Primarily an electricity purchaser Future cogeneration (CHP) at Blackstone and Harvard Allston Science Complex

E&U Electric Microgrid

Reducing GHG Intensity Electricity

Electricity Procurement
Retail Supplier & wholesale power purchaser Portfolio Approach FY09 ~ 13 million kWh of renewable power (5,450 MTCDE reduction) Opportunities to buy generator specific power & renewables going forward

Other Possibilities Self-generation/CHP On-site renewables

Greener power reduces GHG intensity of other processes!

Leveraging the Supply Side to Decrease Consumption

450 45 ChW Tons dT 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Metering
At the building level (minimum) Focus on energy management in addition to cost recovery

400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50

Rate Design
Send the right signals Reward good behavior Link cost & causation

Make information Accessible

Energy consumption & cost Operational data Environmental impact

Sustainable Design and Construction

Success Story - Rockefeller Hall Knowledge Management & Continuous Improvement Green Building Guidelines Master Planning

Rockefeller Hall, HDS

26,700 Office Renovation, Enthalpy Wheel, DOAS, DCV, 29% less energy, 43.7% less water, 90% waste diversion,, 35,000 sf of open space

LEEDNCv2.2GoldPending

17 LEED Certified Projects, 380 LEED Registered Projects

Knowledge Management & Continuous Improvement

Design Build Operate

Project Success

Lessons Learned
Design Build Operate

Lessons Learned
Design Build Operate

Lessons Learned
Design Build Operate

Project 1

Project 2

Project 3

Project 4

Time

Knowledge Management

Harvard Renovations

Platinum Gold Silver Certified Non LEED

Harvard New Construction

Platinum Gold Silver Certified Non LEED

Advantages of Building Green

$0 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 $1,400 $1,600

Knowledge Management
www.greencampus.harvard.edu/theresource 10/12 to 11/11/08 6,911 Visits,14,556 Visits to OFS Site Resource Accounted for 47%

Your website is fantastic - a valuable resource for all interested in Green Design. Great site overall, fantastic information and wonderful to make it all accessible.

Green Building Guidelines

LEED Silver Minimum Harvard Required LEED Credits
6 points - EA credit 1 EA credit 3 & 5 MR c 2.1 & 2.2 EQ c 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 & 5

Utilize Integrated Design Life Cycle Costing throughout project Energy Modeling Required Adopt Ongoing Commissioning Plan

Master Planning
Allston Development Group Sustainability Master Plan 50% GHG reduction 1st building, 30% Campus LEED Gold Minimum

Green Operations and Maintenance

Building Efficiency Programs

Preventive Maintenance Steam Trap Testing Meter Calibration Service Maintenance Operator Training (DDC Simulator)
Programs In Development

Energy Auditing Existing Building Commissioning

Owner Services Program

Design --- Construction --- Turnover (Occupancy)
Early Involvement of Staff Witness Installation, Startup and Commissioning

Results:
Deficiencies Resolved Maintenance Staff Trained PM Programs Developed Building Operating Plans Emergency Response Protocols

The Building Operates More Efficiently!

Building Energy Analysis Procedures

1. Standard Reporting Methodologies.
- Building Performance Reporting Standards - Standard Reporting for Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs).

2. Preliminary Analysis (by School/Unit In-house Staff).

- Analyze historic building energy consumption.
- Prioritize energy reduction efforts based on Energy Utilization Index. - Compile basic building information to provide to Vendors. - Verify utility meter locations and areas covered.

3. Detailed Energy Audits (by Qualified Providers).

- Conduct building energy audits; start with most energy intensive facilities.
- ASHRAE Level II Audit scope is recommended. - In some instances, Performance Contracting may be appropriate.

4. Ongoing Building Performance Review.

- Continuously monitor, maintain, and report building performance.
- In some buildings, continuous commissioning may be appropriate.

Energy & Water Reporting Standards

Utility
Demand Chilled Water Consumption Demand Electricity Consumption Demand Steam Consumption Demand Natural Gas Consumption Demand #2 Fuel Oil Consumption Demand #4 Fuel Oil Consumption Demand Water Consumption Ccf Ccf NA Barrels Gal/hr kBtu Gal/hr MTCDE NA Gallons Gal/hr kBtu kBtu/hr MTCDE PCDE/hr Therm Gal/hr kBtu kBtu/hr MTCDE PCDE/hr MMBtu Therm/hr kBtu kBtu/hr MTCDE PCDE/hr kWh MMBtu/hr kBtu kBtu/hr MTCDE PCDE/hr Ton-Day kW kBtu kBtu/hr MTCDE PCDE/hr

Billing
Ton

Efficiency Reporting
kBtu/hr

GHG Emission Reporting*

PCDE/hr

Energy Audit Schedule

FY 09 FY 10
R E P O R T R E P O R T

FY 11
R E P O R T

FY 12
R E P O R T

1. 2. 3. 4.

Energy Use Index (kBtu/sf) and Preliminary Analysis

Energy Audits and Performance Contracts

ECM Prioritization and Implementation

Ongoing Performance Review and Best Practice Sharing

1. Energy Use Index and Preliminary Analysis

- Done by end of FY 09

2. Energy Audits and/or Performance Contracts

- Start with highest opportunity buildings & work through portfolio

3. ECM Prioritization and Implementation

Use audit results to develop multi-year capital plan to meet FY 16 goal

4. Ongoing Building Performance Review and Best Practice Sharing

- Ongoing

Energy Conservation Progress to Date: Loan Fund

Return on Investment

Loan Fund GHG Reduction Projects

Annual Utility Savings

120%
8 @ 104% $1,425,967

$1,600,000

1. Loan Fund Projects to Date:

144 Projects $10,517,000 Cost $3,772,000 Annual Savings 22,647 MTCDE Savings 35.9% ROI

$1,400,000

100% $1,200,000 80%

3 @ 72% $959,203 $838,868 1 @ 50% 4 @ 49%

$1,000,000

60%

$800,000

$600,000 40%
17 @ 35% 1 @ 33% 32 @ 31% 75 @ 27% $286,508

$400,000

In su la tio n

Co nt ro ls

M et er in g

Be ha v

Li gh tin

Co ge

Ki tc h

HV A

ROI

Utility Savings

*Note: Behavioral Change projects have an annual cost as well as savings, while the remaining project have a one time cost only.

Ph ot ov

ol ta ic

2. Conduct Energy Audits to Identify Building Specific Opportunities

20%
$84,293

$200,000
$11,331 $112,557 $51,566 3 @ 4% $13,323

0%
io r* en C n g

$0

O&M and Asset Management Best Practice Principles and Building Policy

Asset
Management

Asset Management Analysis Report IFMA Boston Asset Management Task Force 9/25/08 FINAL

Minimum Training Requirements

Evaluation Synthesis Analysis Application Comprehension Knowledge

Training Plans
Capital Project Teams O&M Staff

Blooms Taxonomy

Green Cleaning Programs

Program Benefits Include:
Reduced allergies or sensitivities for occupants Safer conditions for workers Fewer Products Reusable materials (Microfiber cloth) 100% Recycled Paper Products Fully integrated recycling and composting programs

Recycling and Waste Management

Single Stream Recycling Recycling Rate over 52% Food Composting Programs Not just Dining Halls Rapidly expanding interest of staff Contract Requirements for Hauler: CNG Packer Truck Bio-Diesel for all other equipment Vegetable-based hydraulic oil for compactors and accessories

Surplus Distribution

Over $2.5M in useful stuff donated in 2007

Organic Landscape Maintenance

Program Benefits:
Restores the Natural Nutrient Cycle Water use down by 30% Reintroduces organic materials (clippings, leaves, wood chips) Eliminates all pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides

Provide food and drink for 15,000 How many bags of Trash?

Everything else was recycled or composted!

Sustainability Engagement Programs

Why Occupant Engagement? Tools for successful behavior change

Why Occupant Engagement?

Harvards mission extends beyond academic programs. Peoples activities in buildings have real, significant impacts direct and indirect. Continuous improvement in sustainability requires changing the culture of an organization, which is much more than just changing the lights (and more difficult!)

What Works?
Find the Champions Use the natural competitive spirit Build social norms Use Peer to Peer teaching & learning Use proven Social Marketing techniques for behavior change

Tools of Behavior Change

1. Get Commitment
We want to be seen as consistent Alters self-perception Commit to small action = more likely to take large action

Tools of Behavior Change

2. Use & Build Social Norms

We want to be seen doing the right thing Strong social pressures to conform We are hard-wired to imitate social norms
Picture from Green your scene posters

Tools of Behavior Change 3. Use Incentives

Motivation for action

Tools of Behavior Change 4. Provide Real Feedback

Tools of Behavior Change 5. Use Persuasive Messaging

use language that that is relevant to your audience. make your message vivid frame your message by what is being lost instead of saved

Tools of Behavior Change 5. Use Persuasive Messaging

use personal contact make it easy to remember use simple, clear instruction.

Resources and Links

Office for Sustainability Website http://www.green.harvard.edu Harvard Green Office Resources http://www.green.harvard.edu/greenoffice/ Community Based Social Marketing (CBSM) website (for behavior change tools and examples http://www.cbsm.com/

Sustainability at Harvard

Best Practices for a Sustainable Campus

Nathan Gauthier