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5.4 The Inverse of A Matrix: Example

The inverse of a 2 x 2 matrix is another matrix denoted by a-1. Multiplying a matrix by its inverse produces an identity matrix 0 1 1. If the determinant of the matrix is zero, then it will not have an inverse. Only non-singular matrices have inverses.

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46 views2 pages

5.4 The Inverse of A Matrix: Example

The inverse of a 2 x 2 matrix is another matrix denoted by a-1. Multiplying a matrix by its inverse produces an identity matrix 0 1 1. If the determinant of the matrix is zero, then it will not have an inverse. Only non-singular matrices have inverses.

Uploaded by

fraserralph
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.

The inverse of a
Introduction

22

matrix

Once you know how to multiply matrices it is natural to ask whether they can be divided. The answer is no. However, by dening another matrix called the inverse matrix it is possible to work with an operation which plays a similar role to division. In this leaet we explain what is meant by an inverse matrix and how the inverse of a 2 2 matrix is calculated.

1. The inverse of a 2 2 matrix


The inverse of a 2 2 matrix A, is another 2 2 matrix denoted by A1 with the property that AA1 = A1 A = I 1 0 . That is, multiplying a matrix by its inverse where I is the 2 2 identity matrix 0 1 1 produces an identity matrix. Note that in this context A1 does not mean A . Not all 2 2 matrices have an inverse matrix. If the determinant of the matrix is zero, then it will not have an inverse, and the matrix is said to be singular. Only non-singular matrices have inverses.

2. A simple formula for the inverse


In the case of a 2 2 matrix a b c d a b c d a simple formula exists to nd its inverse: 1 ad bc d b c a

if

A=

then

A1 =

Example Find the inverse of the matrix A = Solution Using the formula A1 = 1 (3)(2) (1)(4) 1 2 1 = 2 4 3 2 1 4 3 3 1 4 2 .

5.4.1

copyright c Pearson Education Limited, 2000

This could be written as

1 1 2 2 3 2

You should check that this answer is correct by performing the matrix multiplication AA1 . 1 0 The result should be the identity matrix I = . 0 1 Example Find the inverse of the matrix A = Solution Using the formula A1 = 1 (2)(1) (4)(3) 1 1 4 = 14 3 2 1 4 3 2 2 4 3 1 .

This can be written A1 =

1/14 4/14 3/14 2/14

=
1 14

1/14 2/7 3/14 1/7 at the front of the matrix.

although it is quite permissible to leave the factor Exercises 1. Find the inverse of A = 1 5 3 2 . 6 4 3 2 3 4 2 3

2. Explain why the inverse of the matrix 3. Show that Answers 1. A1 =


1 13

cannot be calculated. .

3 4 2 3

is the inverse of

2 5 3 1

2 13 3 13

5 13 1 13

2. The determinant of the matrix is zero, that is, it is singular and so has no inverse.

5.4.2

copyright c Pearson Education Limited, 2000

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