Index Executive Summary of Capital Markets Chapter 1 Investment Basics
Index Executive Summary of Capital Markets Chapter 1 Investment Basics
Index Executive Summary of Capital Markets Chapter 1 Investment Basics
vest? When to start investing? What care one should take while investing? Different options available for investment.
Chapter 3 securities Meaning of securities Function of securities market Types of the securities
3.1 Regulator Need for regulation Regulator of securities market SEBI & its Role
3.2 Participants Participants in securities market Is it necessary to transact through intermediary? Segments of the securities market.
4.1 Initial public offerings (IPOS) Decider of the Price issue Price discovery through book building process
Financial system Financial System of any country consists of financial markets, financial intermediation and financial instruments or financial products. The economic development of a nation is reflected by the progress of the various economic units, broadly classified into corporate sector, government and household sector. While performing their activities these units will be placed in a surplus/deficit/balanced budgetary situations. There are areas or people with surplus funds and there are those with a deficit. A financial system or financial sector functions as an intermediary and facilitates the flow of funds from the areas of surplus to the areas of deficit. A Financial System is a composition of various institutions, markets, regulations and laws, practices, money manager, analysts, transactions and claims and liabilities.
Flow of interest, dividends (mainly returns) Seekers of the fund (Mainly businesses and government) Flow of financial services Suppliers of the fund (Mainly households)
A financial system can be defined at the global, regional or firm specific level. The firm's financial system is the set of implemented procedures that track the financial activities of the company. On a regional scale, the financial system is the system that enables lenders and borrowers to exchange funds. The global financial system is basically a broader regional system that encompasses all 0 financial institutions, borrowers and lenders within the global economy. There are multiple components making up the financial system of different levels: Within a firm, the financial system encompasses all aspects of finances. For example, it would include accounting measures, revenue and expense
schedules, wages and balance sheet verification. Regional financial systems would include banks and other financial institutions, financial markets, financial services In a global view, financial systems would include the International Monetary Fund, central banks, World Bank and major banks that practice overseas lending. Indian financial system The word "system", in the term "financial system", implies a set of complex and closely connected or interlined institutions, agents, practices, markets, transactions, claims, and liabilities in the economy. The financial system is concerned about money, credit and finance-the three terms are intimately related yet are somewhat different from each other.
Financial markets
Financial Intermediaries
Forex Markets
Capital Markets
Money Markets
Hybrid instruments Money market Capital markets instruments Indian financial systeminstruments of financial market, financial instruments and consists
FINANCIAL MARKETS A Financial Market can be defined as the market in which financial assets are created or transferred. As against a real transaction that involves exchange of money for real goods or services, a financial transaction involves creation or transfer of a financial asset. Financial Assets or Financial Instruments represents a claim to the payment of a sum of money sometime in the future and /or periodic payment in the form of interest or dividend. Money Market- The money market ifs a wholesale debt market for lowrisk, highly-liquid, short-term instrument. Funds are available in this market for periods ranging from a single day up to a year. This market is dominated mostly by government, banks and financial institutions. Capital Market - The capital market is designed to finance the long-term investments. The transactions taking place in this market will be for periods over a year. Forex Market - The Forex market deals with the multicurrency requirements, which are met by the exchange of currencies. Depending on the exchange rate that is applicable, the transfer of funds takes place in this market. This is one of the most developed and integrated market across the globe. Credit Market- Credit market is a place where banks, FIs and NBFCs purvey short, medium and long-term loans to corporate and individuals.
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION Having designed the instrument, the issuer should then ensure that these financial assets reach the ultimate investor in order to garner the requisite amount. When the borrower of funds approaches the financial market to raise funds, mere issue of securities will not suffice. Adequate information of the issue, issuer and the security should be passed on to take place. There should be a proper channel within the financial system to ensure such transfer. To serve this purpose, Financial intermediaries came into existence. Financial intermediation in the organized sector is conducted by a wide range of institutions functioning under the overall surveillance of the Reserve Bank of India. In the initial stages, the role of the intermediary was mostly related to ensure transfer of funds from the lender to the borrower. This service was offered by banks, FIs, brokers, and dealers. However, as the financial system widened along with the developments taking place in the financial markets, the scope of its operations also widened. Some of the important intermediaries operating ink the financial markets include; investment bankers, underwriters, stock exchanges, registrars, depositories, custodians, portfolio managers,
mutual funds, financial advertisers financial consultants, primary dealers, satellite dealers, self regulatory organizations, etc. Though the markets are different, there may be a few intermediaries offering their services in move than one market e.g. underwriter. However, the services offered by them vary from one market to another. Intermediary Stock Exchange Investment Bankers Underwriters Market Capital Market Capital Market, Credit Market Capital Market, Money Market Role Secondary Market to securities Corporate advisory services, Issue of securities Subscribe to unsubscribed portion of securities Issue securities to the investors on behalf of the company and handle share transfer activity Market making in government securities Ensure exchanging currencies
Registrars, Depositories, Capital Market Custodians Primary Dealers Satellite Money Market Dealers Forex Dealers Forex Market
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS a) Money Market Instruments The money market can be defined as a market for short-term money and financial assets that are near substitutes for money. The term short-term means generally a period upto one year and near substitutes to money is used to denote any financial asset which can be quickly converted into money with minimum transaction cost. Some of the important money market instruments are briefly discussed below; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Call/Notice Money Treasury Bills Term Money Certificate of Deposit Commercial Papers
1. Call /Notice-Money Market Call/Notice money is the money borrowed or lent on demand for a very short period. When money is borrowed or lent for a day, it is known as Call (Overnight) Money. Intervening holidays and/or Sunday are excluded for this purpose. Thus money, borrowed on a day and repaid on the next working day, (irrespective of the number of intervening holidays) is "Call Money". When money is borrowed or lent for more than a day and up to 14 days, it is "Notice Money". No collateral security is required to cover these transactions. 2. Inter-Bank Term Money Inter-bank market for deposits of maturity beyond 14 days is referred to as the term money market. The entry restrictions are the same as those for Call/Notice Money except that, as per existing regulations, the specified entities are not allowed to lend beyond 14 days. 3. Treasury Bills. Treasury Bills are short term (up to one year) borrowing instruments of the union government. It is an IOU of the Government. It is a promise by the Government to pay a stated sum after expiry of the stated period from the date of issue (14/91/182/364 days i.e. less than one year). They are issued at a discount to the face value, and on maturity the face value is paid to the holder. The rate of discount and the corresponding issue price are determined at each auction.
4. Certificate of Deposits Certificates of Deposit (CDs) is a negotiable money market instrument nd issued in dematerialised form or as a Usance Promissory Note, for funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period. Guidelines for issue of CDs are presently governed by various directives issued by the Reserve Bank of India, as amended from time to time. CDs can be issued by (i) scheduled commercial banks excluding Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and Local Area Banks (LABs); and (ii) select all-India Financial Institutions that have been permitted by RBI to raise short-term resources within the umbrella limit fixed by RBI. Banks have the freedom to issue CDs depending on their requirements. An FI may issue CDs within the overall umbrella limit fixed by RBI, i.e., issue of CD together with other instruments viz., term money, term deposits, commercial papers and intercorporate deposits should not exceed 100 per cent of its net owned funds, as per the latest audited balance sheet.
5. Commercial Paper CP is a note in evidence of the debt obligation of the issuer. On issuing commercial paper the debt obligation is transformed into an instrument. CP is thus an unsecured promissory note privately placed with investors at a discount rate to face value determined by market forces. CP is freely negotiable by endorsement and delivery. A company shall be eligible to issue CP provided - (a) the tangible net worth of the company, as per the latest audited balance sheet, is not less than Rs. 4 crore; (b) the working capital (fund-based) limit of the company from the banking system is not less than Rs.4 crore and (c) the borrowal account of the company is classified as a Standard Asset by the financing bank/s. The minimum maturity period of CP is 7 days. The minimum credit rating shall be P-2 of CRISIL or such equivalent rating by other agencies. b) Capital Market Instruments The capital market generally consists of the following long term period i.e., more than one year period, financial instruments; In the equity segment Equity shares, preference shares, convertible preference shares, non-convertible preference shares etc and in the debt segment debentures, zero coupon bonds, deep discount bonds etc. c) Hybrid Instruments Hybrid instruments have both the features of equity and debenture. This kind of instruments is called as hybrid instruments. Examples are convertible debentures, warrants etc.
Conclusion In India money market is regulated by Reserve bank of India (www.rbi.org.in) and Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) [www.sebi.gov.in ] regulates capital market. Capital market consists of primary market and secondary market. All Initial Public Offerings comes under the primary market and all secondary market transactions deals in secondary market. Secondary market refers to a market where securities are traded after being initially offered to the public in the primary market and/or listed on the Stock Exchange. Secondary market comprises of equity markets and the debt markets. In the secondary market transactions BSE and NSE plays a great role in exchange of capital market instruments.
Saving function: Public saving find their way into the hands of those in production through the financial system. Financial claims are issued in the money and capital markets which promise future income flows. The funds with the producers result in production of goods and services thereby increasing society living standards. Liquidity function: The financial markets provide the investor with the opportunity to liquidate investments like stocks bonds debentures whenever they need the fund. Payment function: The financial system offers a very convenient mode for payment of goods and services. Cheque system, credit card system etc are the easiest methods of payments. The cost and time of transactions are drastically reduced. Risk function: The financial markets provide protection against life, health and income risks. These are accomplished through the sale of life and health insurance and property insurance policies. The financial markets provide immense opportunities for the investor to hedge himself against or reduce the possible risks involved in various investments. Policy function: The government intervenes in the financial system to influence macroeconomic variables like interest rates or inflation so if country needs more money government would cut rate of interest through various financial instruments and if inflation is high and too much money is there in the system then government would increase rate of interest. Stock markets What is Share Market? Share Share is nothing but the Ownership of the company divided into small parts and each part is called as Share or Stock.Share is also called by different names like equity, financial security and so on. A person carrying a share of a company holds that part of ownership in that company. A person holding maximum shares carry maximum ownership and designated like director, chairman etc.
Share Market A Share market is the place where buying and selling of shares takes place. Now days due to internet and advanced technology there is no need to present physically in exchanges like NSE and BSE but in fact the buying and selling of shares can be done from anywhere, where there is a computer with internet connection.One should have a demat and trading account, computer and internet connection and he/she can start the share trading or investing from anywhere.
Definition of the stock exchange Stock exchange means any body or the individual whether incorporated or no, constitute for the purpose of assisting, regulating, controlling the business of buying, selling and dealing in securities. the securities include Shares of the public company Government securities Bonds History of the stock exchange The only stock exchanges operating in the 19th century were those of Mumbai setup in 1875 and Ahmadabad set up in 1894. These were organized as voluntary nonprofit-marking associations of brokers to regulate and protect their interests. Before the control on securities under the constitution in 1950, it was a state subject and the Bombay securities contracts (control) act of 1925 used to regulate trading in securities. Under this act, the Mumbai stock exchange was recognized in 1927 and Ahmadabad in 1937. During the war boom, a number of stock exchanges were organized. Soon after it became a central subject, central legislation was proposed and a committee headed by A.D.Gorwala went into the bill for securities regulation.On the basis of the committees recommendations and public discussion, the securities contract (regulation) act became law in 1956.
Functions of Stock Exchanges: Stock exchanges provide liquidity to the listed companies. By giving quotations to the listed companies, they help trading and raise funds from the market. Over the hundred and twenty years during which the stock exchanges have existed in this country and through their medium, the central and state government have raised crores of rupees by floating public loans. Municipal corporations, trust and local bodies have obtained from the public their financial requirements, and industry, trade and commerce- the backbone of the countrys economy-have secured capital of crores or rupees through the issue of stocks, shares and debentures for financing their day-to-day activities, organizing new ventures and completing projects of expansion, diversification and modernization. By obtaining the listing and trading facilities, public investment is increased and companies were able to raise more funds. The quoted companies with wide public interest have enjoyed some benefits and assets valuation has become easier for tax and other purposes.
At present there are 23 stock exchanges recognized under the securities contracts (regulation), Act, 1956. Those are: Ahmadabad Stock Exchange Association Ltd. Bangalore Stock Exchange Bhubaneshwar Stock Exchange Association Calcutta Stock Exchange Cochin Stock Exchange Ltd. Coimbatore Stock Exchange Delhi Stock Exchange Association
Guwahati Stock Exchange Ltd Hyderabad Stock Exchange Ltd. Jaipur Stock Exchange Ltd Kanara Stock Exchange Ltd Ludhiana Stock Exchange Association Ltd Madras Stock Exchange Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange Ltd. Magadh Stock Exchange Limited Meerut Stock Exchange Ltd. Mumbai Stock Exchange National Stock Exchange of India OTC Exchange of India Pune Stock Exchange Ltd. Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Ltd. Uttar Pradesh Stock Exchange Association Vadodara Stock Exchange Ltd.
Out of these major stock exchanges were: NSE (National Stock Exchange)
NSE is mutually owned by a set of leading financial institutions, banks, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries in India but its ownership and management operate as separate entities. There are at least 2 foreign investors NYSE Euronext and Goldman Sachs who have taken a stake in the NSE. As of 2006, the NSE VSAT terminals, 2799 in total, cover more than 1500 cities across India. NSE is the third largest Stock Exchange in the world in terms of the number of trades in equities. It is the second fastest growing stock exchange in the world with a recorded growth of 16.6%.NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The Capital Market (Equities) segment commenced operations in November 1994 and operations in Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000.
NSE's mission is setting the agenda for change in the securities markets in India. The NSE was set-up with the main objectives of:
Establishing a nation-wide trading facility for equities and debt instruments. Ensuring equal access to investors all over the country through an appropriate communication network. Providing a fair, efficient and transparent securities market to investors using electronic trading systems. Enabling shorter settlement cycles and book entry settlements systems, and Meeting the current international standards of securities markets.
The standards set by NSE in terms of market practices and technology, have become industry benchmarks and are being emulated by other market participants. NSE is more than a mere market facilitator. It's that force which is guiding the industry towards new horizons and greater opportunities.
The Stock Exchange, Mumbai, popularly known as "BSE" was established in 1875 as "The Native Share and Stock Brokers Association". It is the oldest one in Asia, even older than the Tokyo Stock Exchange, which was established in 1878. It is a voluntary non-profit making Association of Persons (AOP) and is currently engaged in the process of converting itself into demutualised and corporate entity. It has evolved over the years into its present status as the premier Stock Exchange in the country. It is the first Stock Exchange in the Country to have obtained permanent recognition in 1956 from the Govt. of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act 1956.The Exchange, while providing an efficient and transparent market for trading in securities, debt and derivatives upholds the interests of the investors and ensures redresses of their grievances whether against the companies or its own member-brokers. It also strives to educate and enlighten the investors by conducting investor education programmers and making available to them necessary informative inputs. A Governing Board having 20 directors is the apex body, which decides the policies and regulates the affairs of the Exchange. The Governing Board consists of 9 elected directors, who are from the broking community (one third of them retire ever year by rotation), three SEBI nominees, six public representatives and an Executive Director & Chief Executive Officer and a Chief Operating Officer. The Executive Director as the Chief Executive Officer is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Exchange and the Chief Operating Officer and other Heads of Department assist him.
The Exchange has inserted new Rule No.126 A in its Rules, Byelaws pertaining to constitution of the Executive Committee of the Exchange. Accordingly, an Executive Committee, consisting of three elected directors, three SEBI nominees or public representatives, Executive Director & CEO and Chief Operating Officer has been constituted. The Committee considers judicial & quasi matters in which the Governing Board has powers as an Appellate Authority, matters regarding annulment of transactions, admission, continuance and suspension of member brokers, declaration of a memberbroker as defaulter, norms, procedures and other matters relating to arbitration, fees, deposits, margins and other monies payable by the memberbrokers to the Exchange, etc.
REGULATORY FRAME WORK OF STOCK EXCHANGE A comprehensive legal framework was provided by the Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1956 and Securities Exchange Board of India 1952. Three tier regulatory structure comprising Ministry of finance The Securities And Exchange Board of India Governing body
Members of the stock exchange: The securities contract regulation act 1956 has provided uniform regulation for the admission of members in the stock exchanges. The qualifications for becoming a member of a recognized stock exchange are given below: The minimum age prescribed for the members is 21 years. He should be an Indian citizen. He should be neither a bankrupt nor compound with the creditors. He should not be convicted for fraud or dishonesty. He should not be engaged in any other business connected with a company. He should not be a defaulter of any other stock exchange. The minimum required education is a pass in 12th standard examination.
The securities and exchange board of India was constituted in 1988 under a resolution of government of India. It was later made statutory body by the SEBI act 1992.according to this act, the SEBI shall constitute of a chairman and four other members appointed by the central government. With the coming into effect of the securities and exchange board of India act, 1992 some of the
powers and functions exercised by the central government, in respect of the regulation of stock exchange were transferred to the SEBI. OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF SEBI To protect the interest of investors in securities. Regulating the business in stock exchanges and any other securities market. Registering and regulating the working of intermediaries associated with securities market as well as working of mutual funds. Promoting and regulating self-regulatory organizations. Prohibiting insider trading in securities. Regulating substantial acquisition of shares and takeover of companies. Performing such functions and exercising such powers under the provisions of capital issues (control) act, 1947and the securities to it by the central government.
SEBI GUIDELINES TO SECONDARY MARKETS: (STOCK EXCHANGES): Board of Directors of Stock Exchange has to be reconstituted so as to include non-members, public representatives and government representatives to the extent of 50% of total number of members. Capital adequacy norms have been laid down for the members of various stock exchanges depending upon their turnover of trade and other factors. All recognized stock exchanges will have to inform about transactions within 24 hrs.
TYPES OF ORDERS: Buy and sell orders placed with members of the stock exchange by the investors. The orders are of different types. Limit orders: Orders are limited by a fixed price. E.g. buy Reliance Petroleum at Rs.50.Here, the order has clearly indicated the price at which it has to be bought and the investor is not willing to give more than Rs.50.
Best rate order: Here, the buyer or seller gives the freedom to the broker to execute the order at the best possible rate quoted on the particular date for buying. It may be lowest rate for buying and highest rate for selling. Discretionary order: The investor gives the range of price for purchase and sale. The broker can use his discretion to buy within the specified limit. Generally the approximation price is fixed. The order stands as this buy BRC 100 shares around Rs.40. Stop loss order: The orders are given to limit the loss due to unfavorable price movement in the market. A particular limit is given for waiting. If the price falls below the limit, the broker is authorized to sell the shares to prevent further loss. E.g. Sell BRC limited at Rs.24, stop loss at Rs.22. Buying and selling shares: To buy and sell the shares the investor has to locate register broker or sub broker who render prompt and efficient service to him. The order to buy or sell specifying the number of shares of the company of investors choice is placed with the broker. The order may be of any type. After receiving the order the broker tries to execute the order in his computer terminal. Once matching order is found, the order is executed. The broker then delivers the contract note to the investor. It gives the details regarding the name of the company, number of shares bought, price, brokerage, and the date of delivery of share. In this physical trading form, once the broker gets the share certificate through the clearing houses he delivers the share certificate along with transfer deed to the investor. The investor has to fill the transfer deed and stamp it. The stamp duty is one of the percentage considerations, the investor should lodge the share certificate and transfer deed to the register or transfer agent of the company. If it is bought in the DEMAT form, the broker has to give a matching instruction to his depository participant to transfer shares bought to the investors account. The investor should be account holder in any of the depository participant. In the case of sale of shares on receiving payment from the purchasing broker, the broker effects the payment to the investor. Share groups: The scrips traded on the BSE have been classified into A,B1,B2,C,F and Z groups. The A group represents those, which are in the carry forward system. The F group represents the debt market segment (fixed income securities). The Z group scrips are of the blacklisted companies. The C group covers the odd lot securities in A, B1&B2 groups.
ROLLING SETTLEMENT Under rolling settlement system, the settlement takes place n days (usually 1, 2, 3 or 5days) after the trading day. The shares bought and sold are paid in for n days after the trading day of the particular transaction. Share settlement is likely to be completed much sooner after the transaction than under the fixed settlement system. The rolling settlement system is noted by T+N i.e. the settlement period is n days after the trading day. A rolling period which offers a large number of days negates the advantages of the system. Generally longer settlement periods are shortened gradually. SEBI made RS compulsory for trading in 10 securities selected on the basis of the criteria that they were in compulsory demat list and had daily turnover of about Rs.1 crore or more. Then it was extended to A stocks in Modified Carry Forward Scheme, Automated Lending and Borrowing Mechanism (ALBM) and Borrowing and lending Securities Scheme (BELSS) with effect from Dec 31, 2001. SEBI has introduced T+5 rolling settlement in equity market from July 2001 and subsequently shortened the cycle to T+3 from April 2002. After the T+3 rolling settlement experience it was further reduced to T+2 to reduce the risk in the market and to protect the interest of the investors from 1st April 2003. Activities on T+1: conformation of the institutional trades by the custodian is sent to the stock exchange by 11.00 am. A provision of an exception window would be available for late confirmation. The time limit and the additional changes for the exception window are dedicated by the exchange. The exchanges/clearing house/ clearing corporation would process and download the obligation files to the brokers terminals late by 1.30 p.m on T+1. Depository participants accept the instructions for pay in securities by investors in physical form upto 4 p.m and in electronic form upto 6 p.m. the depositories accept from other DPs till 8p.m for same day processing. Activities on T+2: The depository permits the download of the paying in files of securities and funds till 10.30 a.m on T+2 from the brokers pool accounts. The depository processes the pay in requests and transfers the consolidated pay in files to clearing House/clearing Corporation by 11.00am/on T+2. The exchange/clearing house/clearing corporation executes the pay-out of securities and funds latest by 1.30 p.m on T+2 to the depositories and clearing banks. In the demat mode net basis settlement is allowed. The buy and sale positions in the same scrip can be settled and net quantity has to be settled.
Introduction to Integrated
With service excellence always at the fore, Integrated Enterprises is one of India's market-leading financial solutions provider serving over 6 lac investor families. They commenced operations in 1974, when there were very few companies to offer the services that they covered. Now, with a strong presence of more than 100 branches all over the country and a comprehensive suite of products and services, they take care of the needs of their investor community as a whole. The company has evolved itself from different market cycles by winning the trust of the investment community and handling their needs. The company has expanded its horizon by foraying into corporate and tax services to become an Integrated Financial Services provider.
Integrated is a subsidiary of the Integrated enterprise India ltd.It provides its customer with a wide range of the products and services like distribution of financial products - Mutual Funds, IPOs, Fixed Deposits, Bonds, Insurance and Post office Schemes. Integrated also provides demat services and has built a strong customer base of more than 2 lac demat account holders. They also undertake merchant banking activities and also act as share transfer agent and registrar to an issue. Their core competence lies in reaching out to all prospective investors and satisfying their financial needs by providing them with the best product that suits them. They have achieve this with the help of well-experienced manpower with vast domain knowledge and varied skill sets. Integrated Enterprises provide innovative and tailored solutions to all financial needs of its customers.
1974Incorporated with the main business being Mobilization of Deposits for Corporate 198419911993199419982004Expansion of Branch Network all over India Converted as a Public Limited Company Becomes a SEBI Registered Category I Merchant Banker Ventures into Registry and Share Transfer activity Enters the Depository Participant Activity through NSDL Appointed as a TIN facilitation centre for tax related services
2006Forays into Corporate Insurance Broking Becomes a member of National Stock Exchange 2010Point of presence service for NATIONAL PENSION SCHEME through PFRDA Becomes a member of Bombay Stock Exchange 2011INVESTORS FINANCIAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION - An Investor Education Initiative Becomes an enrollment agent for AADHAAR by UIDAI Appointed as a CRA FC (Central Record Keeping Agency - Facilitation Centre) for NPS Forays into Commodity Broking through MCX Forays into e-Series like e-Gold, e-Platinum, e-Silver broking through National Spot Exchange
PROFILE OF THE COMPANY Name of the company: Year of Establishment: Headquarter : Integrated enterprise India ltd 1974 1st floor,Kences Towers,1,Ramakrishna Street, T.Nagar, Chennai-600017 Service Provider Investment, Demat Services, Share broking Services,Insurance, corporate Services, Tax Related Services Over 3500 Data Not Available www.integratedindia.in
Slogan :
Investment simplified