BA Honours Syllabus

PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARH
(Estd. under the Panjab University Act VII of 1947

STRUCTURAL OUTLINE
B.A./B.Sc. (Honours) Course
Third Year Examination, 20

The Registrar, Panjab University, Chandigarh.
All Rights Reserved.
PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARH-160014 (INDIA)
(Estd. under the Panjab University Act VII of 1947enacted by the Govt. of India)

SYLLABI
AND THE
STRUCTURAL OUTLINE
FOR
B.Sc. (Honours) Course
Third Year Examination, 2012

--::--

The Registrar, Panjab University, Chandigarh.
160014 (INDIA)
enacted by the Govt. of India)
CONTENTS

Sr. No. Page No.
1. Structural Outline (i)
2 English 1
3 Sanskrit 3
4 Persian 6
5 Arabic 8
6 French 9
7 Hindi 11
8 Punjabi 13
9 Urdu 15
10 German 17
11 Defence & Strategic Studies 19
12 History 23
13 Political Science 27
14 Economics 38
15 Sociology 46
16 Philosophy 53
17 Psychology 60
18 Geography 63
19 Public Administration 72
20 Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology 82
21 Music (Vocal and Instrumental) 89
22 Home Science 92
23 Physics 93
24 Chemistry 96
25 Botany 101
26 Zoology 117

STRUCTURAL OUTLINE OF THE B.A./B.SC. (GENERAL AND HONOURS)
DEGREE COURSE IN THE 10+2+3 SYSTEM OF EDUCATION FOR FIRST YEAR 2010
EXAMINATION (ALREADY HELD); SECOND YEAR 2011 (ALREADY HELD);
THIRD YEAR 2012 EXAMINATION

The new B.A./B.Sc. (General & Honours) course (at + stage) in the 10+2+3 system of education
has been structured keeping in view certain basic guidelines as under :--

1. (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

The scheme should provide a broad-based, interrelated and comprehensive
programme of study, built upon the + 2 stage, which ultimately may act as a
sound foundation for postgraduate education, participation in competitive
examinations, and joining professional courses like those in Law, Education, etc.

It is so structured and organised that it is in conformity with the needs of the
country in the present context. Apart from providing good general education, it
should have an applied component as part of the course work so that it creates
awareness of the practical problems facing the society and generates
employability of the youth in diverse spheres of activity.

It is so designed and formulated that it provides flexibility and relative freedom of
choice of courses to the students according to their special interests and
capabilities.

It is based on intensive teacherstudent interaction.

2. The B.A./B.Sc. courses have been so structured and revised that they are comparable both
in content and quality.

3. To cope with the fast increasing knowledge in each discipline, it has been considered
desirable to cover each elective subject in two papers.

The two-paper scheme will enable the teachers to teach the subject in detail and examine the
students accordingly. Effort has to be made to improve the level and adequacy of content of each
course in such a manner that the total scheme provides distinct upgradation of the existing curricula for
the first degree. In the absence of such an upgradation, the increase in the total educational period
from 14 to 15 years for the B.A./B.Sc. will be unjustifiable.

Keeping in view the above objectives and guidelines, the following structural outline has been
introduced for the B.A./B.Sc. (General) degree course :

Admission to B.A./B.Sc. (General and Honours) course for the second and third year (for the
students who have passed First Year under this scheme) for the session 2009-2010 (2010 examination)
shall be as hereinafter mentioned.

Note : A person who has passed B.A./B.Sc. 1
st
year or 2
nd
year examination from other Universities in India may
be allowed to migrate to this University subject to the condition that he shall have to clear the deficient
subject but the total number of credits required to be earned shall remain the same.

(i)

(ii) STRUCTURAL OUTLINE OF THE B.A./B.SC. (GENERAL/HONOURS) DEGREE COURSE
IN THE 10+2+3 SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

B.A. (General)
The B.A. (General) programme of study shall consist of 24 credits, each credit having a value of 100
marks. A subject studied for the whole academic year shall carry 2 credits. All the theory papers and
practicals irrespective of their credit value shall be studied throughout the academic year.

The detail of the subjects to be studied shall be as under :

1
st
Year 2010 Examination (already held)

COMPULSORY
(a) Punjabi Two Papers
OR
*History & Culture of Punjab One Paper
1 Credit

1 Credit

These papers constitute one
subject in each year.
(b) English 1 Credit
ELECTIVE
+ Any three elective subjects of two credits each including
languages and Elective vocational subject (To be studied in
selected colleges)

6 Credits
Total : 8 Credits
Environment Education : 50 marks
2
nd
Same as in the 1
st
year

3
rd
Year 2012 Examination
Same as in the 1
st
year and 2
nd
year examination.

Note :
1. In subjects having practicals, the theory papers and practicals together will be of 2 credit value.
The candidate will have to pass in theory and practical/s separately.

2. Each paper of one credit shall be allocated 3 hours of teaching per week during each academic
year. However, for subjects having practicals, three hours of teaching will be allocated to each
theory paper and two hours for a practical per week or as per requirement of the subject
concerned.

*
For B.A./B.Sc. History and Culture of Punjab is allowed as an option in lieu of Punjabi (compulsory) to those
students who had already offered earlier in the First Year of 2010 examination.

STRUCTURAL OUTLINE OF THE B.A./B.SC. (GENERAL/HONOURS) DEGREE COURSE (iii)

3. B. A. (General) degree holders shall be eligible for admission to the Masters course in any of the elective
subjects studied by them during all the three years of the programme of study, earning six credits in each,
provided they fulfil the eligibility conditions.

4. A student would offer any science subject, including Mathematics, only if he has passed that subject in the
qualifying examination or qualifies in the subject as a deficient/additional subject from the concerned
Board/University/Council in the Supplementary Examination subsequent to the admission.

Provided further that a student can offer :

(a) Statistics only if he takes up Mathematics.
(b) Applied Statistics only if he takes up other subject(s) excluding Mathematics.

B.Sc. (General)
The B.Sc. (General) programme of study shall consist of 20 credits, each credit having a value of 100
marks. A subject studied for the whole academic year shall carry 2 credits. All the theory papers and

The detail of the subjects to be studied shall be as under :

1
st
Punjabi/History & Culture of Punjab
+ Three Elective Subjects of 2 credits each including Elective Vocational subject
(To be studied in selected colleges)
1 Credit
6 Credits
Total : 7 Credits
Environment Education : 50 marks
2
nd
English
+ Three Elective Subjects of 2 credits each including Elective Vocational subject
(To be studied in selected colleges)
(the same as in the 1
st
year)
1 Credit
6 Credits
Total : 7 Credits
3
rd
Year 2012 Examination
Three Elective Subjects of 2 credits each
(the same as in the 1
st
and 2
nd
Year)
6 Credits
Total : 20 Credits

(iv) STRUCTURAL OUTLINE OF THE B.A./B.SC. (GENERAL/HONOURS) DEGREE COURSE

Note : 1. The two credits allocated to an elective subject, to be studied in an academic year as spelled
out above, shall be covered in two theory papers and a practical or practicals as per
requirements of the subject concerned.

2. In the instructional process, it is desireable to strike a balance in the teaching and learning
strategies. A close interaction between the teacher and the student is necessary to achieve the
above objectives.

3. Each elective subject of 2 credits for the B.Sc. shall be allocated five hours of teaching and
four hours of practical work per week during the course of the academic year or as per
requirements of the subject concerned.

4. B.Sc. (General) degree holders shall be eligible for admission to the M.Sc. course in any of
the three elective subjects which they have studied during all the three years of the degree
course, earning 6 credits in each, provided the candidate fulfils the eligibility conditions.

B.A./B.Sc. Honours

In addition to the main objectives listed in the preamble to the B.A./B.Sc. (General) degree course,
the Honours Course seeks to provide course work of advanced nature in one of the elective subjects already
being studied from 1
st
year onwards by a student. Both in content and quality, it would be of a level as
gives adequate specialized knowledge in a subject even to make it a culminating point in the programme of
study if a student so chooses. Or else, it should provide strong, additional foundation for pursuing the
subject at the M.A./M.Sc. level.

Keeping in view the objectives stated in the preamble to the B.A./B.Sc. (General) degree course
and that enunciated above, the structural outline for the Honours degree course shall be as under :

B.A. (Honours)

The B.A. Honours Course shall carry 28 credits (each credit carrying the equivalence of 100
marks). Apart from the structure of the programme of study prescribed for the B.A. (General) degree
course, credit value of the subjects/papers and hours of teaching allocated to them as already stated in the
scheme, the Honours Course shall include four papers of one credit each of an advanced nature in one of
the elective subjects a student shall study in all the three years of the degree course.

A student may offer Honours in Second Year in any one of the elective subjects, to be studied by
him in all the three years of the course.

Provided that he has obtained at least 50 % marks in the subject of Honours in the First Year of
the B.A. (General) Course.

STRUCTURAL OUTLINE OF THE B.A./B.SC. (GENERAL/HONOURS) DEGREE COURSE (v)

For the B.A. (Honours) Course, the distribution of work during the three years will be as under :--

1
st
Year :

The same as in B.A. (General).
(8 credits)

2
nd
Year : The same as in 2
nd
year of B.A. (General). In addition, there shall be two advanced papers
of one credit each in the subject in which he seeks to get Honour degree.
(8+2 = 10 credits)

3
rd
Year : The same as in 3
rd
year of B.A. (General). In addition, there shall be two advanced papers
of one credit each in the Honours subject.
(8+2 = 10 credits)
Total Credits : 28

A candidate eligible to appear as a private candidate in B.A. examination may also offer Honours
papers in any of the elective subjects offered for B.A. (General) in all three years provided he fulfils the
requirement of the Regulation.

B.Sc. (Honours)

The B.Sc. (Honours) programme of study shall consist of 24 credits, each credit having a value of
100 marks. A subject studied for the whole academic year shall carry 2 credits. All the theory papers and

A student may offer Honours in any one of the elective subjects to be studied by him in all the
three years of the course provided he has obtained at least 50% marks in the subject concerned in the first
year examination of the B.Sc. (General) course.

Of the 24 credits, each student shall offer courses in each year as under :--
1
st
Year :

The same as for First Year of B.Sc. (General).
(7 credits)

2
nd
Year : The same as for 2
nd
Year of B.Sc. (General). In addition, there shall be two advanced
papers of one credit each in the subject in which he seeks to get Honours degree.

(7+2 = 9 credits)

3
rd
Year : The same as for 3
rd
year of B.Sc. (General). In addition, there shall be two advanced papers
of one credit each in the Honours subject.
(6+2 = 8 credits)
Total Credits : 24

Both in B.A. Honours and B.Sc. Honours Courses, each paper of one credit shall be allocated 3
hours of teaching, or as per requirements of the subject concerned.
______________________________________________________________________________________

Note : Instruction through audio and/or video cassettes may form a part of Languages course.

GUIDELINES REGARDING CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT OF REGULAR STUDENTS
OF B.A./B.SC./B.COM. /B.C.A. COURSES
IMPORTANT NOTE
(i) In order to incorporate an element of continuous assessment of students, the Colleges will conduct
two mandatory House Tests in theory papers one in the month of September/October and the
other in December/January every year.

(ii) (a) For September Test, there will be only one paper of one hours duration in each subject, and
for December Test, there will be paper/s on the pattern of annual examination conducted by
the University.

There will be a Special Test for those students who could not fulfil the conditions of
eligibility. It will not be held to provide an opportunity to all students to improve their earlier
score. Those students who are exempted by the Principal of the College from appearing in the
House Test/s in September and/or December/January will also be allowed to appear in the
Special Test; this Test will determine their eligibility for admission to the examination as
well as their score for Internal Assessment.

(b) With a view to meet the grievance of students, if any, on account of scores obtained by them,
the answer-books will be shown to them. Difference of opinion on the issue, if any, will be
sorted out with the help of respective Heads of departments as well as the Principal of the
College.

(iii) Whereas the September House Test will carry weightage of 40 per cent, the December House Test
will have weightage of 60 per cent in each subject/paper. The total weightage for both the Tests
taken together shall be10 per cent of the total marks in each theory subject/paper. The weightage of
10 per cent marks shall be added to each paper of B.A./B.Sc./B.Com./B.C.A. I, II and III Year
which will, henceforth, carry weightage of maximum marks allotted to each paper. A candidate
will have to pass in theory and practical/s separately.

(iv) The record of marks secured by the students in the two House Tests will be sent by the respective
Colleges so as to reach the office of Controller of Examinations latest by 15
th
March, failing which
the result of the students shall be shown as RLA and the entire responsibility for this would lie
with the Principal/s of the College/s.

(v) The Colleges will continue to forward the internal assessment of the students for Practicals.
Projects and similar other activities, wherever applicable, to the Controller of Examinations, as
usual, so as to reach his office latest by 15
th
March.

SPECIAL NOTE :
(i) Each theory question paper will be set out of the marks allotted to each theory paper and 10%
marks of the maximum marks of each paper will be internal assessment.
(ii) For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks
secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the paper
in lieu of internal assessment.
(iii) It will not be mandatory for the students to separately pass in the internal assessment.
(vi)

PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARH

OUTLINES OF TESTS, SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING IN THE HONOURS

SUBJECTS OF THE B.A. THIRD YEAR

EXAMINATION, 2012

ENGLISH

B.A. (HONOURS) THIRD YEAR EXAMINATION, 2012

Paper III : 20
TH
CENTURY LITERATURE

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

Prescribed Texts :

1. G.B. Shaw : St. Joan, Ed. A.C. Ward, Orient Longman, Hyderabad.

2. George Orwell : Animal Farm, Kalyani Classics, New Delhi.

3. Joseph Conrad : Heart of Darkness.

4. W.B. Yeats :

(i) Down by the Salley Gardens.

(ii) The Song of Wandering Aengus.

(iii) The Lake Isle of Innisfree (From Yeats Poems, ed.. by
Norman Jeffares, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi).

Testing :

1. One question in form of short notes on each of the four authors (about 250-
300 words each) with internal choice.

: 10 marks

2. Four essay type questions (one on each author) All questions would be
compulsory.

4 20 = 80 marks

2 B.A./B.Sc. (HONOURS) THIRD YEAR SYLLABUS

Paper IV : INDIAN WRITING IN ENGLISH

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

Prescribed Texts :

1. Tagore : The Hungry Stones and Other Stories, Rupa Classics, New Delhi.

2. Mulk Raj Anand : The Untouchable, Orient Longman, Hyderabad.

3. Shashi Deshpande : That Long Silence.

4. Nissim Ezekiel : Night of the Scorpion, Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T. S. Background
Casually.

Testing :

1. Question No. 1 on the history of Indian Writing in English with internal choice
(Characteristics/Movements/Trends in Poetry/Fiction).

10 marks
2. Four questions, one on each author with internal choice.

4 20 = 80 marks

-----------------------

B.A./B.Sc. (HONOURS) THIRD YEAR SYLLABUS

3

- n - n - n - n

i. . ( (( (i ) )) ) n ni(i iii, zoz

n ni n ni n ni n ni ii soo =oo

- s i-

l(nili i i i -(, i ;-il (nn i | ;i ii ri
ilii i -i- i nii -i -i iin - n i ln
-ilrn i |

( (( (i) )) )
ilr- i i- ls

o
( (( (ii) )) )
i l,ini - i

so
( (( () )) ) l(i-i ( (( (ii) )) )

r
( (( (i) )) ) -i -

r
( (( (iii) )) )
-n - lii ( (( (-i l-llin l(ii ) )) )

zo
-n iiii, ii, nini

(ii -r-(- , ii si |

ii - c i- lnnir


n i n i n i n i ii soo =oo

- s i-

li lniln lni ( - (i ,ii l(nili i i r-- -n-( lln
ii ; lnln n( , iri nii li n ii l(i(-n i (ii|

( (( (i ) )) ) li ilr-

l- i- - lii ln r

( (( (i) )) )
-ili (i ( ii ( (( (c - i ) )) )

o = o

( (( (ii) )) )
-ili -, (z - i -i) )) )

zo = zo
( (( (i ) )) ) ( l ilr- i ;lnri

l- i- - lii ln r

. lrnil(i (-n

so
z. ir -in il(i (-n

s. li ilr-l(i (-n ( (( (i - i -i s
i ) )) )

-iii -c i- lnnir


5

Books Recommended :

1. Sanskrit Drama : A.B. Keith.

2. Classical Sanskrit Literature : A.B. Keith.

3. A History of Sanskrit Literature : A.A. Macdone.

4. A History of Indian Literature, Vol. 1 : M. Vintenitz

5. History of Sanskrit Literature by V. Varadachari.

6.
-n ilr- i ;lnri ( ii

7.
( l ilr- i - ln ( ii

8.
( l ilr- l(( i. ( ii ii

9.
-n ilr- i ii ii i

Note :
All the books are available at the Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Chaukhamba,
Varanasi and Motilal Banarasidas, Jawahar Nagar, Bunglow Road, Delhi.

-----------------------


PERSIAN


PAPER-III : HISTORY OF PERSIAN LITERATURE
SAFIVID PERIOD

100 Marks

Time : 3 Hrs.

Books Recommended :

1. History of Persian Literature by Dr. Razazadeh Shafaq.

2. History of Persian Literature by Dr. Brown Vol. III.

PAPER IV : MODERN PERSIAN

100 Marks

Time : 3 Hrs.

1. Prose :

(i) The following three short stories of Saeed-e-Nafisi :

(a) Azan-e-Maghrib.

(b) Khana-ye-Pidari.

(c) Janayat-e-man.

(ii) The following three short stories of Mohammed Heijazi :

(a) Khud Kushi.

(b) Eedi.

(c) Mah-e-man.

50 Marks


7

Book Prescribed :

Nasib-e-Jadid-e-Farsi, Jayyed Press, Ballimaran, Delhi-6.

2. Poetry :

Quasidan

1. Namund Namah by Bahar

"Dar Sher Band Mehro-Wafa Dilbari Namund".

2. Ghazalliyat-E-Parveen Etisami by Mehdi Hameedi.

3. Qataat by Mehdi Hameedi.

50 Marks

Books Recommended :

1. Barguzida-ye-Sher-e-Farsi-ye-Mu aasir Part I by Dr. Muneeb-al-Rehaman.

2. Edara-ye-Ulam-e-Islami, Danish gah-e-Islami, Aligarh.

-----------------------


ARABIC


(Two Specialised Papers)

PAPER- III : HISTORY OF ISLAMUMAYYED PERIOD
100 Marks

Time : 3 Hrs.

Books Recommended :
(i) History of Saracens by Ameer Ali.

(ii) Tarikh-ul-Ummat Islam by Jai Raj Puri.

(iii) Tarikh-e-Islam by Prof. K.A. Fariq.

PAPER-IV : MODERN LITERARY HISTORY OF THE ARABS FROM 1798 A.D. TO 1932 A.D.

100 Marks

Time : 3 Hrs.

Books Recommended :

(i) Adab-ul-Arab by Hassan-ul-Ziyyat.

(All books can be had from Kutub Khana-e-Rashidiyya, Urdu Bazar, Jama Masjid, Delhi-6).

(ii) Al Adab Arabi al Moaser by Shoaqui Zef.

------------------------

9

FRENCH


Paper : III : HISTORY OF FRENCH LITERATURE

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Internal Assessment : 10 Marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

Introduction to History of French Literature from 17
th
20
th
century.

Questions should be asked strictly from the prescribed text book with

1. Two questions of 15 marks each.

30 Marks
2 Three questions of 10 marks each.

30 Marks

3. Fill in the blanks or multiple choice questions with maximum of 2-3 marks each.

30 Marks

Courses of Reading :

Mmento de Littrature franaise, by Hlne, Potelet, Publication Hatier, Profil Littrature. Only from 17-
20 centuries to be studied.

Note : 1. The latest syllabus should be followed.

2. Choice should be given in questions.

Reference Books :

1. Collection littraireMoyen age 20eme sicle -Lagarde et Michard, Bordas.

2. Recueil de Textes littraires franaise. Moyen Age -20eme sicle-Chassang et Senninger.

3. Manual des tudes franaises.

Moyen ge -20eme sicle Castex et. P. Surer, Hachette.


Paper : IV : POETRY AND VIVA-VOCE

Max. Marks : 100
Theory Viva-Voce : 90 Marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

Poetry : Marks : 70

Comprehension, explanation, literary, appreciation and criticism of the poems to be studied.

The following 10 poems to be studied :

1. Pour Hlne-quand vous serez bien vieilliePierre Ronsard - French Poetry for students A.W.
Bains.

2. Le Savetier et la financier-La Fontaine, French Poetry for students A.W. Bains.

3. Le, Rat qui sest retir du monde La Fontaine French Poetry for students A.W. Bains.

4. Lisolement Lamartine French Poetry for students A.W. Bains.

5. Puisque j ai mis ma lvre V Hugo French Poetry for students A.W. Bains.

6. La mort du Loup A De vigny French Poetry for students A.W. Bains.

7. Recueillement-Baudelaire French Poetry for students A.W. Bains.

8. Page dcriture J. Prevert Paroles.

9. Si tu t imagines-Raymond Queneau-LInstant Fatal.

10. Non r ve familierP. Verlaine collection littraire. Lagarde et Michard. XIX sicle.

Note : 1. The latest syllabus should be strictly followed.

2. Choice should be given in questions.

Text Books for Reference :

1. French Poetry for students by A.W. Bains.

2. Paroles edition Folio by Jacques Prevert.

3. Le francais et la Vie-Tome III G. Mauger/M.Bruezier e.

4. Collection Litteraire XIX Siecle-Nouveaux classique Larousse.

5. Poems choisis A de. Musset eidtion Nouveaux classique Larousse.

Viva-Voce 20 marks

1. Dictation of an unseen passage of about 200 words. : 10 Marks

2. Oral questions based on the dictation passage and also general questions : 10 Marks

Note : Questions in all the papers shall be asked and answered in French only.

----------------------

11

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n ni i- i n ni i- i n ni i- i n ni i- i
ii soo ii soo ii soo ii soo = oo oo oo oo

- s i- - s i- - s i- - s i-

. ii- - l(iii n -i, i iini ii, ;irii|

z. rili iii ii- iri, iii li, i|

s. --i nin l-ri(i (-i , iii i ii, ; l~i|

i- i- i- i-
() ; i- i - l-i nii i lni - oo i s iii s
in| sii i ( ni i ri i ( i i lrn ii i rini|

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i i i -i rin|

l(ii l(ii l(ii l(ii sii i - ln - - - ( i rini|

(n) inl -~i inl -~i inl -~i inl -~i

o

ri -n ri -n ri -n ri -n
. ii n i i i , ( ni, (iii ii, ; l~i|

z. ii n i iini i- in ( ni, lni ii, ; l~i|

s. ii n l((, i. ri (-i , ( iini i ln-i, ; l~i|

. lri rii nn l i-i l-, i li, ; l~i|

r. lri rii i ii i. ; ii -i, ii(i li, ri |


n i i- i n i i- i n i i- i n i i- i
ii soo ii soo ii soo ii soo = oo oo oo oo

- s i- - s i- - s i- - s i-

() () () () iii- iii- iii- iii- co co co co
. s i n in, -ili, -iini, liilii, ri, -i(, (

zo
z. i iln, n ~ilnni, ~i, i, (, l(ii(i,

zo
l(iiiln, -in, ni, -i-i, ln

s. () iilni liiii i iri

zo
(i) l- liiii i -(

(n) l, i, ii i iri

(i) niliiii, -(

l(ii l(ii l(ii l(ii
. sii i i i si i ii i ii ii nii iri
li rin| il i ni l(~ i rini|

z. i ni lin ii ii (, i, n, i) - l-i oo i i
s in l- sii i lri i -i rin|

(i) (i) (i) (i) iiii iiii iiii iiii

so so so so
. lri i - i ili i i l(iini (l(iin , (ii i l)

z. -i lri i i i i, i, (ii|

s. () iiiii lri i l nii (n -i l-iln|.

(i) (ini ll i -iln -i |

l(ii l(ii l(ii l(ii i i - rr i i s in, l- sii i i
-i rin|

. inl -~i inl -~i inl -~i inl -~i o o o o

ri -n ri -n ri -n ri -n

i n-( ii ( ii i-i , iiini ii, ;irii

-------------------

13

u 8l u 8l u 8l u 8l

8l 8 ,m) JT 3l 2u12 l8ul3J Y8l

u u 3l u 8l =3= u u 3l u 8l =3= u u 3l u 8l =3= u u 3l u 8l =3= =Y m= 1uu

lY3l 9u

l8cY mHHuc 1u

Hu 3 c

u= u/= H u= u/= H u= u/= H u= u/= H

1 u 3 u Hl, u 3 u Hl, u 3 u Hl, u 3 u Hl, J8l =l lH, u8Yl=H l8U, u8
Hl=lHcl, 6JlT=

2 lum 3 J Y , lum 3 J Y , lum 3 J Y , lum 3 J Y , lu 3 lH, u8l HlJ3 u=H, 8 u8l H=,
mlu3H

3 8 H, 8 H, 8 H, 8 H, ml3 =, =HT u8lYH, 6l 6=, lYl

H lc m3 ulu H lc m3 ulu H lc m3 ulu H lc m3 ulu

1 l=J= mY6 ,J= uH3= l=6 l8= uH Yul) 21u2u m=
,6 l=6 )

2 l3 uH3= l=6 c/Hu uH ,J= uH3= l=6 uH
Yul)

5525 m=
,m l=6 u)

3 l3 uH3= uH l=6 3 U3 ,J= uH3= l=6 uH
Yul u T)
31545 m=


u u 6 u u 8l HlJ3 u u v =m m3 u u u 6 u u 8l HlJ3 u u v =m m3 u u u 6 u u 8l HlJ3 u u v =m m3 u u u 6 u u 8l HlJ3 u u v =m m3 u =Y m= 1uu

lY3l 9u

l8cY mHHuc 1u

Hu 3 c

u= u/= H u= u/= H u= u/= H u= u/= H

1 u=Yl u8l =l= v=m

45 m=
2 ml= u8l HlJ3 uu u 45 m=
u8l =l=3, TYu ,=Y, =Jl), c= 3 =3= l==H

H lc m3 ulu H lc m3 ulu H lc m3 ulu H lc m3 ulu

uH u3 JT JT1 J= JT l=6 u-u uH u8 T
m3 l=lmul J= JT l=6 - uH U3 Y8l l=J
=T mu3 6 uH = JT 3 J= uH 8 88
,22) JT1

-------------------


15

URDU


PAPER-III : PROSE
Max. Marks : 100

Time : 3 Hrs.

Book Prescribed

Ghubar-e-Khatir by Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad.

Book Recommended for Study
Mutala-e-Ghubar-e-Khatir by Abdul Qavi Dasnavi available from Maktba Jamia, Urdu Bazar, Delhi-6.

PAPER-IV : HISTORY OF URDU LITERATURE, PROSODY AND RHETORIC

Marks : 100

Time : 3 Hrs.

History of Urdu Literature : 60 Marks

Books Recommended for Study :
1. Tarikh-e-Adab Urdu by Ram Babu Saxena.

2. Mulkhtasar Tarikh-e-Urdu by Ejaz Hussain.

3. Aab-e-Hayat by Mohammad Hussain Azad.

Prosody : 20 Marks

The following four meters are to be studied :

1. Mutqarib Salim.

2. Rajab Salim.

3. Hazaj Salim.

4. Ramal Salim.


Rhetoric 20 Marks

1. Tazad.

2. Mar'at-ul-Nazir.

3. Hasan-e-Talil.

4. Tajahua-e-Arifana.

5. Talmih.

6. Laf-O-Nashar.

7. Ishteqaq.

8. Siyaq-ul-Adad.

9. Mubaligha.

10. Tajnis-e-Tam.

11. Tajnis-e-Murakab.

12. Tajnis-e-Zayidi.

13. Tajnis-e-Khatti.

14. Tausif-ul-Sifat.

-----------------------


17

GERMAN


PAPER : III
Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


(For regular students)
Time : 3 Hrs.

Note :
1. The question paper shall be set in German.

2. The mode of evaluation for Internal Assessment is to be followed as per University
Guidelines.

Details of Theory Examination Max. Marks : 90

Four out of six questions are to be attempted on the History of Literature.

The following movements in Literature are to be studied :

1. Aufklung.

2. Sturm und Drang.

3. Klassik.

4. Romantik.

Courses of Reading :

Prescribed Text Books :

1. Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung by Fricke/Klotz.

2. Wege der deutschen Literatur (Eine geschichtliche Darstellung) by Hermann Glaser, Jakob Lehmann,
Arno Lubos.


Reference Book for Supplementary Reading :

Deutsche Literatur geschichte (Von Anfangen bis zur Gegenwart), J.B. Metzler Verlag Stuttgart.

PAPER IV : Viva-Voce Max. Marks : 100

Note : Questions to be asked on topic covered in the prescribed text books.

Details :
1. Unseen text reading and comprehension : 40 Marks

2. To speak on one of the three given topics on the structure of present day German
Society.

: 30 Marks
3. General Conversation. : 30 Marks

Total : 100 Marks

----------------------


19

DEFENCE & STRATEGIC STUDIES


Outlines of Tests, Syllabi and Courses of Reading

Note : Each theory paper will have one compulsory short answer type question containing 15
questions of 2 marks each covering the entire syllabus. The candidates will be required to
attempt any 10 questions. In addition, there will be four sections of the question paper. The
candidate will be required to attempt one question from each of these sections carrying
17 marks each.

PAPER-III : AREA STUDIESCHINA

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

SECTION-I

1. Military Geography of China : Location, size and strategic importance.

2. Economic and Industrial resources (in brief).

3. Population, composition and characteristics of major ethnic groups.

SECTION-II

1. History of China in brief from the CH'IN to Manchus Dynasty.

2. Nationalist Revolution in China under Dr. Sun Yet Sen : Events and effects.

SECTION-III

1. Rise of Chiang Kai Shek.

2. The Nanking Government of China, long march in China.

3. The Civil War in brief.

SECTION-IV

1. Party-Army Relationship.

2. Communist party and its relationship with the Armed Forces.

3. Higher Defence Organisation.

4. Cultural Revolution.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Balance, Edger O. : The Red Army of China, Russell Square, London.

2. Chatterji, B.R. : Modern China A Short History, Meenakshi Printing, Meerut.

3. Encyclopaedia of Britannica.

4. Gupta, R.S. : History of Modern China, Sterling Pub.

5. Kapur, Harish : China in World Politics, Div. Pub., N.D.

6. Liu, F.F. : A Military History of Modern China, Princeton Uni. Press.

7. Mao Tse Tung : Communist Rule in China.

8. Mc. Aleavy, Henry : The Modern History of China.

9. Mitchison : Chinese Revolution.

10. Nung Chen Li : The Political History of China, Princeton Uni. Press.

11. Pelissier Roger : The Awakening of China, Secker and Warturg, London.

12. Tregear, T.R. : A Geography of China, University of London.

13. Wilson Dick : A Quarter of Mankind, Weidenfeld and Micholson Olson,
London.

PAPER-IV : AREA STUDIESCHINA

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

SECTION-I

SINO-INDIAN WAR (1962)

1. Events Leading to the war.

2. Operations in brief.

3. Lessons learnt.


21

SECTION-II

1. Determinants of Chinese Foreign Policy.

2. Chinas Relations with India.

3. Chinas Relations with Pakistan and its impact on India.

SECTIONIII

1. Chinas Relations with other neighbouring countries.

2. Chinas Relations with the U.S.A.

3. Chinas Relations with Russia.

SECTION-IV

1. Defence Potential of China.

2. Chinas Modernization Program.

3. Chinas Nuclear Weapon Development.

Books Recommended :

1. Cassell & Company : Guerilla WarfareMaoTse-Tung & Guevera, Red Lion Sq.,
London.

2. Dalvi, J.P. : Himalyan Blunder, Thacker and Co., Bombay.

3. Griffith Samoul, B. : The Chinese Peoples Liberation Army, Army Pub., N.D.

4. Kapur, Harish : China in World Politics, Div. Pub., N.D.

5. Mao Tse Tung : Communist Rule in China.

6. Sharma, B.L. : The PakistanChina Axis, Asia Pub., Bombay.


7. Sinha, K.K. : Problems of Defence of South and East Asia, Rawat Pub., Jaipur.

8. Trager N. Frank and
William Genderson

: Twentieth Appraisal Year, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.

Journals :

1. Institute of Defence Studies
& Analysis (India)
: (i) Strategic Digest.

(ii) Strategic Analysis.

2. : The China Quarterly.

3. The Institute of Strategic
Studies

: Military Balance, IISS, London.
4. RAUSEN DATTA : Problem of Communism.

--------------------------


23

HISTORY


Any two papers from the following :

(i) Social and Cultural Trends in Modern India.

(ii) Political Developments in U.S.A. (1775-1865).

(iii) Political Developments in Russia (1801-1933).

(i) SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TRENDS IN MODERN INDIA

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS :

1. In all, nine questions will be set. Each question will carry 18 marks.

2. First question shall be Short Answer type containing 15 short questions spread over the whole
syllabus. Candidates will attempt nine out of the fifteen questions in about 25-30 words each. It shall
carry 18 marks and shall be compulsory.

3. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit shall have two essay type questions and the
candidate shall attempt one question from each unit 4 in all.

4. Each essay type question will be set on half of the topics and not on a single sub-topic.

UNIT-I

1. Socio-Cultural Trends in Early 19
th
Century : Religion, education and literature.

2. Women Education : Aligarh Girls School; Kanya Maha Vidayalya.

UNIT-II

3. Socio-Religious Reform Movements in Punjab and NorthWest : The Arya Samaj; Singh Sabhas and
the Ahmadiyas.

4. Socio-Religious Awakening in the Central Belt and Maharashtra : The Manav Dharma Sabha; the
Prarthana Samaj; the Rahnumai Mazdayesan Sabha (among Parsis).


UNIT-III

5. Cultural Reorientation in South : Annie Besant and Theosophical Movement.

6. The Marriage Reform Efforts : Legislative measures for the abolition of Sati and Infanticide;
contribution of reformers towards the promotion of widow-remarriage movement.

UNIT-IV

7. The Social Protest Movements : Role of Jyotiba Phule in Maharashtra; Swami Narayana Guru in
Kerala; Mangoo Ram and Ad Dharm Movement in Punjab.

8. The Literary Trends : Development of literature in Hindi; Bengali and Marathi languages.

Recommended Readings :

1. Kenneth W., Jones : The New Cambridge History of India : Socio-Religious Reform
Movements in British India (Cambridge, 1989).

2. R.C. Majumdar and
Others (ed.)
: British Paramountcy and Indian Renaissance, Part II, Bhartiya Vidya
Bhavans Series, Vol. X.

3. Robert D. Baird (ed.) : Religion in Modern India, Manohar, New Delhi, 1981.

4. Gail Minault : Secluded Scholars : Womens Education and Muslim Social Reform in
Colonial India, New Delhi, O.U.P., 1998.

5. Geraldine Forbes : Women in Modern India, Foundation Books, New Delhi, 1996.

6. Tara Chand : History of the Freedom Movement in India, Vol. II, New Delhi, 1967,
Publication Division, G.O.I.

7. Mark Jurgensmeyer : Religious Rebels in the Punjab, Delhi, Ajanta, 1988.

(ii) POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN U.S.A. (1775-1865)

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hrs.



syllabus. Candidates will attempt nine out of the fifteen questions in about 25 to 30 words each. It
shall carry 18 marks and shall be compulsory.

candidates shall attempt one question from each unit 4 in all.

4. Each essay type question will be set on half of the topics and not on a single sub-topic.

25

UNIT-I

1. The War of Independence : Causes; Consequences; The Peace Treaty.

2. The Making of the Constitution : Federal Conventions; The Framework of the Constitution and its
ratification.

UNIT-II

3. The New Nation : Administration of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson; The War of 1812.

4. Emergent Nationalism : Foreign Policy of James Monroe.

UNIT-III

5. Westward Movement : Nature and results of the Westward Movement.

6. Expansionism in American Politics : Manifest Destiny; Causes and results of American Mexican War.

UNIT-IV

7. The Growth of Social Idealism : Education, Science and Technology.

8. Civil War : Causes; Role of Abraham Lincoln in the Civil War.

1. Henry Bamford Parkes : The United States of America : A History, 1964 (Reprint), Scientific
Book Agency, Calcutta, 1976.

2. Richard Current & Others : History of United States : A Survey, Alfred A. Knopf, New York,
1965.

3. Julius W. Pratt : A History of United States Foreign Policy, Prentice Hall (Second
Edition), New Jersey, 1965.

(iii) POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN RUSSIA (1801-1933)

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hrs.



syllabus. Candidates will attempt nine out of the fifteen questions in about 25 to 30 words each. It
shall carry 18 marks and shall be compulsory.

candidate shall attempt one question from each unit 4 in all.

4. Each essay type question will be set on half of the topics and not on a single sub topic.

UNIT-I

1. Liberalism and Reaction : Alexander I; Nicholas I.

2. Modernisation of Russia : Alexander II; Alexander III & Nicholas II.

UNIT-II

3. Russia and the Far East : Interventions in China, Mongolia and Manchuria.

4. Background of Russian Revolution 1905-1917 : Revolution of 1905; Russia on the eve of the
Revolution of 1917 Polity, Society, Economy; Lenins Contribution to the Revolution.

UNIT-III

5. Causes of the Russian Revolution and its Aftermath : The February Revolution and the Provisional
Government, the Bolshevik (October Revolution ), its impact on Russia and the World.

6. Civil War : Russian withdrawal from First World War; Peace of Brest Litovisk; Allied Intervention.

UNIT-IV

7. The Soviet Economy : War Communism; New Economic Policy and its impact.

8. Planned Economy : Weaning from the New Economic Policy and the First Five Year Plan.


1. Barrington Moore (Jr.) : The Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy.

2. Paul Kennedy : The Rise & Fall of Great Powers, Fontana Press London,
1988.

3. Lionel Kochan : The Making of Modern Russia, Penguin Books, 1962.

4. Basil, Dymtrystyn : History of Russia, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 1977.

Reference Readings :

1. E.H. Carr : The Bolshevik Revolution, Penguin Books Ltd., Victoria, 1971
(Reprint).

2. M.T. Florinsky : Russia : A Short History, Macmillan, London, 1971 (2
nd
ed.)

------------------------

27

POLITICAL SCIENCE


Outlines of Tests, Syllabi and Courses of Reading

PAPER III : Option (i)

Option (ii)

Option (iii)
International Relations since 1945.
OR

Modern Indian Political Thought.
OR

Women and Political Process.

PAPER IV : Option (i)

Option (ii)

Option (iii)
Research Methods in (Political Science) Social Sciences.
OR

Modern Political Ideologies.
OR

Western Political Thought.

PAPER III : Option (i) INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SINCE 1945

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND CANDIDATES :

The syllabus has been divided into four units.
There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short questions
spread over the whole syllabus and each to be answered in about 25 to 30 words. The candidate is required
to attempt any 9 short answer type questions i.e. 2 marks each. It shall carry 18 marks and shall be a
compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit shall have two questions and the
candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall attempt one question from each Unit 4 in
all, of 18 marks each.

Objectives : This paper aims at mapping out some of the major transformations that have occurred in the
realm of International Relations since 1945.

UNIT-I Post World War-II International Relations :

(a) Post War World Order.

(b) Emergence of Super Powers.

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hrs.

UNIT-II Democracy and Rise of III
rd
World :

(a) Non-Alignment : Meaning and Relevance.

(b) Decolonization and Afro Asian Regimes.

UNIT-III Transformation in Post World War II International Relations :

(a) Decline of Bipolarity.

(b) Rise of Neo-colonialism.

UNIT-IV New Global Scenario and International Relations :

(a) Demand for New World Order.

(b) Critique of Global Terrorism and Democracy.

Suggested Readings :

1. Peter Calvocoressi : World Politics Since 1945, London : Longman, 1945.

2. Budhraj, V.S. : International Relations After Second World War (in Hindi),
Chandigarh, Haryana Sahitya Academy, 2000.

3. Keswani, K. B. : International Relations in Modern World (1900-1988),
Bombay, Himalaya Publishing House, 1994.

4 Baylis and Steve Smith : The Globalization of World Politics An Introduction to
International Relations, Oxford, Oxford University Press,
2001.

5. Alan C. Lamborn and Joseph
Lepgold
: World Politics into the Twenty First Century : Unique Context,
Enduring Patterns, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 2003.

References :

1. Paul Kennedy : The Rise and Fall of Great Power, Fontana Press.

2. Henry Kissinger : Diplomacy, London, Simon & Soluster, 1994.

3. Paul R. Viotti & Mark V.
Kauppi

: International Relations and World Politics : Security,
Economy, Identity Third Edition Pearson Education, 2007.
4. John Baylis and Steve Smith : The Globalisation of World Politics : An Introduction to
International Relations, Second Edition, OUP, 2001.


29

OR

PAPER III : Option (ii) MODERN INDIAN POLITICAL THOUGHT


Objectives : The paper aims at creating understanding about the evolution of political thought in modern
India with special reference to the stated philosophers.

UNIT-I Sir Syed Ahmed Khan :

(a) Readings and Interpretations of 1857.

(b) Education.

(c) Muslim Nationalism.

UNIT-II M.K. Gandhi :

(a) Satyagraha.

(b) Swaraj.

(c) Trusteeship and Non-Violence.

UNIT-III M.N. Roy :

(a) Critique and Contribution to Communism.

(b) Radical Humanism.

UNIT-IV B.R. Ambedkar :

(a) Annihilation of Caste.

(b) Social Justice.

(c) Democracy : Political and Social.

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Time : 3 Hrs.


1. Thomas Pantham & Deutsch (ed.) : Political Thought in Modern India, New Delhi, Sage, 1986.

2. Majumdar, B.B. : History of Indian Social and Political Ideas, Calcutta :
Bookland, 1967.

References :

1. Parekh, Bhikhu : Colonialism, Tradition, Reform : Analysis of Gandhis
Political Discourse, New Delhi, Sage, 1989.

2. Iyer, Raghvan (ed.) : Moral and Political Thought of Mahatma Gandhi, New York,
Oxford, 1973.

3. Appadorai, A. : Indian Political Thinkers in the Twentieth Century, Delhi,
Oxford, 1972.

4. Jatava, D.R. : The Political Philosophy of B.R. Ambedkar, Delhi; Arya,
Phoenix, 1965.

5. Hussain, M. Hadi, Syed Ahmed
Khan
: Pioneer of Indian Resurgence Lahore, Institute of Islamic
Culture, 1970.

6. Imam, Zafar, : Muslims in India, New Delhi : Orient Longman, 1975.

7. Chattarjee, Partha : Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World, Delhi : OUP,
1986.

8. Lyer, Raghavan : The Moral and Political Thought of Mahatma Gandhi, Delhi :
OUP, 1973.

9. Pantham, Thomas, Parekh,
Bhikhu

: Gandhis Political Philosophy, London, Macmillan, 1989.
10. Ghatak, B.K. (ed.) : Dr. Ambedkars Thought, New Delhi : APH, 1997.

11. Keer, Dhanajayay, Dr.
Ambedkar

: Life and Mission, Bombay : Popular Parkashan, 1964.

12. Zelliot, Eleanor : The Social and Political Thought of B.R. Ambedkar in
Pantham and Deutsch, 1986.

13. Roy, M.N. : New Humanism, Calcutta : Renaissance, 1953.

14. Roy, M.N. : The Philosophy and Practice of Radical Humanism, New
Delhi : Radical Humanist Association, 1970.

15. Roy, Samaren, M.N. Roy : A Political Biography, Hyderabad : Orient Longman, 1997.

16. Ray, Sibnarayan (ed.), M.N.
Roy

: Philosopher Revolutionary, Delhi, Ajanta, 1995.

17. Seth, Sanjay : Marxist Theory and Nationalist Politics, The Case of
Colonical India, New Delhi : Sage, 1995.

31

OR

PAPER III : Option (iii) WOMEN AND POLITICAL PROCESS


Objectives : The paper aims to introduce students to the key approaches of Feminist thought contemporary
debates concerning women and politics in India. It will include an analysis of the Indian State, the role of
womens movement and the major feminist issues in contemporary Indian politics.

UNIT-I Theoretical Approaches to Women Studies :

(a) Liberal Approach.

(b) Radical Feminism - Critique of Patriarchy.

(c) Marxist Approach : Socialist Feminism .

UNIT-II Rise of Womens Movement, its role in Contemporary SocietiesWestern, Socialist and
Third World with special reference to India :

Historical Legacy :

(a) Womens Movement at the Global level; Nature, Issues and Contemporary debates.

(b) National Liberation Movement: With special reference to contribution of women in
India.

UNIT-III Women and Society in India :

(a) Evolution of Womens position in India an historical overview.

(b) Impact of Development Process on Women.

(c) Social Position :

(i) Demographic pattern.

(ii) Legal, Political and Property Rights.

(iii) Access to Education.
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

UNIT-IV Womens Movement in Contemporary India :

(a) Womens OrganisationsRadical, Socialist and Others.

(b) Issue of Autonomous Womens Movement.


1. Millet, Kate, Sexual Politics, New York, Doubleday, 1970.

2. Michele Barrett, Women's Oppression Today, London, Verso, 1980.

3. Lenin, V.I., On the Emancipation of Women, Moscow, Progress, 1981.

4. Eisenstein, Zillah, Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism, New York, Longman,
1981 (also New York, Monthly Review Press, 1979).

5. Boserup, Easter, Women's Role in Economic Development, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1975.

6. Altback, E.M. (Ed.), From Feminism to Liberation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Schenkman Hare
Revised Ed., 1980.

7. Jayawardhane, Kumari (Ed.), Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World, New Delhi, 1987.

8. Phadnis, Urmilla and Malani Indira eds., Women of the World : Illusion and Reality, New
Delhi, Vikas, 1978.

9. Desai, N., Women in Modern India, Bombay, Vora & Co., 1977.

10. Nanda, B.R. ed., Indian Women from Purdah to Modernity, New Delhi, Vikas, 1976.

11. I.C.S.S.R., Status of Women's Committee Report, New Delhi, ICSSR, 1975.

12. Mazumdar, Vina, Towards Equality, ICSSR, Delhi.

13. Desai, Neera and Krishanaraj, M., Women and Society in India, Delhi, Ajanta, 1987.

14. Chakaravarty, Shanti, Rural Women's Claim to Priority, New Delhi, C.W.D.S., 1986.

15. "Womens Struggles and Movement", Paper of Third National Conference, Chandigarh, IAWS.

16. Kaushik, S. (ed.), Women's Oppression, Patterns and Perspective, Vikas, New Delhi, 1984.

17. Kumar, Radha, A History of Doing, Kali Publications, New Delhi, 2006.

18. Gandhi, Nandita & Shah, Nandita, The Issues at State, New Delhi, Kali Publication, 1992.

19. Menon, Nivedita (ed.), Gender & Politics in India, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1999.

20. Rao, Anupama (ed.), Gender & Caste, Delhi, Sage Publications, 2005.


33

PAPER IV : Option (i) RESEARCH METHODS IN (POLITICAL SCIENCE) SOCIAL
SCIENCES


Objectives : The paper endeavours to introduce the students about the tools of research methodology into
social sciences. The paper would enable the students to take up research after Masters degree.

UNIT-I Research in Social Science with reference to Political ScienceDefinition, Nature and
Limitations.

UNIT-II Methods Traditional and Scientific, Survey Research Methods : Observation, Interviews,
Questionnaire, ContentAnalysis.

UNIT-III (a) Sample and Sampling Techniques.

(b) Measures of Central TendencyMean, Mode and Median.

(c) Data ProcessingCoding Tabulation and Analysis.

UNIT-IV Research Design : Formulation of Research problem, Hypotheses, Objective, relevance of
study, Literature Review, Methodology Report Writing.


1. Goode and Hatt, Methods in Social Research, Auddond (McGraw - Hill), New York, 1952.

2. Pauline Yong, Scientific Survey and Research, New Delhi, 1968.

3. Arnold Brecht, Political Theory, Times of India Press, 1970.

4. Michael S. Lewis-Beck, ed., The Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods, New Delhi,
Sage, 2004.

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

5. Keith F. Punch, Introduction to Social Research, London, Sage, 2005.

6. Shapiro, Ian, Rogers M. Smith and Tarek E. Masoud, Problems and Methods in the Study of
Politics, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2004.

7. Van Evera, Stephen, Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science, Ithaca : Cornell University
Press, 1997.

8. Goertz, Gary, Social Science Concepts : A Users Guide, Princeton : Princeton University Press,
2006.

9. Creswell, John W., Research Design : Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches :
Thousand Oaks, Calif : Sage Publications, 2003.

OR

PAPER IV : Option (ii) : MODERN POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES


Objectives : The paper refers to the basic tenets of modern political ideologies.

UNIT-I Liberalism :

Classical and Modern Liberalism, New Problems of Contemporary Liberalism.

UNIT-II Socialism :

Marxian Socialism.

Fabianism.

Syndicalism and Guild Socialism.

Democratic Socialism.

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

35

UNIT-III Anarchism.

Fascism.

Modern Conservatism.

UNIT-IV Gandhism :

Social and Political Ideas of Gandhi and his successors.


1. Bandhyopadhya, J., Political and Social Thought of Gandhi, Bombay, 1969.

2. George Lichtheim, Marxism : An Historical and Critical Study, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London,
1962.

3. Noel O Sullivan, Conservation, St. Martins Press, New York, 1976.

4. Manning, D.J., Liberalism, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1976.

OR

PAPER IV : Option (iii) WESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHT


Objectives : This paper aims to introduce to the students the major themes of Western Political Thought.
This will be done by taking an in-depth study of the key thinkers of this tradition.

UNIT-I Hobbes.

Nature of Man, State of Nature, Natural Laws.

Social Contract.

Basis of Political Obligation.
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

UNIT-II Locke.

Nature of Man, State of Nature, Natural Rights.

Social Contract.

Contribution of Locke to Liberalism.

UNIT-III Rousseau.

State of Nature, Natural Man.

Social Contract.

Theory of General Will.

UNIT-IV Karl Marx.

Historical Materialism, Economic Determinism.

Theory of Surplus Value.

Theory of Revolution.


1. Sabine, G.H., A History of Political Theory, Bombay : Oxford & IBH, 1973.

2. Dunning, W.A., A History of Political Theories, 3 Vols., Allahabad : Central, 1973.

3. Sait, E.M. (ed.), Masters of Political Thought, 3 Vols., London : George and Harap, 1947.

4. William Ebenstien, Great Political ThinkersPlato to the Present, OUP : New Delhi, 1966.

5. Jen Pike, Nigel Waaburton & Derek Matravers, Reading Political Philosophy, Machiavelli to Mill,
London, Routledge, Open University, 2000.

6. Andrew Hacker, Political Theory, London, OUP, 1961.

7. David Boucher & Paul Kelly, Political Thinkers, From Socrates to the Present, Paperback U.K.,
2003.

8. David Boucher & Paul Kelly, The Social Contractfrom Hobbes to Rawls, Paperback, U.K., 1994.


37

References :

1. Rapheal, D.D., Hobbes, Morals and Politics, London, George Allen, 1978.

2. David Macdellan, Marx, London, Fontana Modern Masters Series, 1983.

3. Plamenatz, J., Man and Society, 2 Vols., New York, Longman, 1984.

4. Hall, J.C., Rousseau : An Introduction to His Political Philosophy, London, MacMillan, 1973.

5. John, Dunn, The Political Thought of John Locke, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1969.

6. Roger, D. Masters, The Political Philosophy of Rousseau, Princeton, Princeton University Press,
1968.

7. Shlomo, Avineri, The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx, New Delhi, S. Chand, 1968.

8. Jon Elster, Making Sense of Marx, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985.

9. Ernest Cassirer, The Question of Jean Jacques Rousseau, New Haven and London, Yale University
Press, 1989.

------------------------

ECONOMICS


The candidates are required to study two papers out of the following five papers :

I Agricultural Marketing.

II Money and Banking.

III International Economics.

IV Public Finance.

V Introduction to Econometrics.

PaperI : AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Time : 3 Hours
Total Teaching Hours : 60

There shall be 9 questions in all. All questions carry equal marks. First question shall be short answer type
containing 12 short questions spread over the whole syllabus and each to be answered in about 25 to 30
words. The candidate is required to attempt any 9 short answer type questions i.e. 2 marks of each. It shall
carry 18 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit shall
have two questions and the candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall attempt one
question from each Unit 4 in all.

UNIT-I

Marketing : Definitions, scope, marketed and marketable surplus, factors affecting marketable surplus, size,
distribution of marketable surplus, nature of demand and supply of agricultural commodities.

UNIT-II

Mobilization of agricultural surpluses, terms of trade between agriculture and industry, income and price
elasticities of agricultural commodities, Cobb-Web model.

UNIT-III

Structure and functioning of agricultural markets, marketing margin, marketing efficiency, measures to
improve marketing efficiency.

Foodgrain marketing system in India, State intervention in foodgrains marketing, role of different agencies

(FCI, State agencies, State department).


39

UNIT-IV

Marketing of major agricultural commodities in India (foodgrains, commercial crops). Price expectation
and price uncertainties, price stabilization measures. Finance of agricultural marketing.


1. A.S. Kahlon & M.
V. George
: Agricultural Marketing and Price Policies, Allied Publishers, New
Delhi, 1985.

2. A.S. Kahlon & D.
S. Tyagi

: Agricultural Price Policy in India, Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 1983.
3. Dala C. Dahl &
Jerema W.
Hummod
: Market and Price Analysis The Agricultural Industries, McGraw
Hills Book Company, 1977.

Supplementary Readings :
1. Richard, Nelson : Marketing of Agricultural Production, Macmillan, New York, 1968.

2. Rajbans Kaur : Agricultural Pricing Policies in Developing Countries, Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana, 1984.

3. Uma J. Lele : Foodgrain Marketing in India, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1973.

Paper-II : MONEY AND BANKING Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Time : 3 Hours



UNIT-I

Money and near money. Demand for money; quantity and cash balance theories of money, latest
development in the theory of money, Friedman, and Gurley and Shaw approaches.

UNIT-II

Supply of Money : Components & determinants, money multiplier, structure of rate of interest approaches.
IS and LM functions. Neutrality and non-neutrality of money. Integration of theory of value and theory of
money.

UNIT-III

Banking : Credit creation; commercial banks; their functions and importance. Central banking; functions
and techniques of monetary management.

Financing institutions and their role. Role of non-banking financial intermediaries. Monetary policy in
IndiaObjectives and instruments.

UNIT-IV
International Monetary Cooperation, International Monetary Fund. International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development. International Finance Corporation. International Development Association. Asian
Development Bank and the International Institutions.


1. Luckett, D. C. : Money and Banking.

2. Thorn, R. S. : Introduction to Money and Banking.

3. Laidler, D. E. W. : The Demand for Money : Theories and Evidence, Allied Publishers, New
Delhi, 1977.

4. Gupta, S. B. : Monetary Planning in India, S. Chand, New Delhi, 2004.

Paper-III : INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Time : 3 Hours

41


UNIT-I
The Pure Theory of International Trade : Theories of Absolute Advantage, Comparative Advantage and
Opportunity Costs. Heckscher-Ohlin Theory. Factor Price Equalisation. Gains from Trade, their
measurement and distribution. Terms of trade, secular : deterioration hypothesis.

UNIT-II
Commercial Policy : The theory of tariffs, optimum and effective rate of tariff, inter-relationship between
trade, aid and economic development. The theory of economic integration among nations; forms of
economic integration. The theory of Customs Union.

UNIT-III
Balance of Payments, Exchange Rate and Trade Structures : The process of adjustment in the balance of
payments. The concept of foreign trade multiplier. Fixed Vs. flexible exchange rates and their relative
merits and demerits. Structure of trade, trade between developing and developed countries. Unequal
Exchange and its impact on Balance of Payments. Current problems of Trade and Finance of developing
countries. Role of multinational corporations in the developing countries.

UNIT-IV
International Monetary System : IMF and international monetary system, present international monetary
system, problems of international liquidity. Proposals for international monetary reforms. New
International Economic Order.

1. B. O. Soderston : International Economics, 2
nd
Edition, Macmillan Press, London, Reprint,
1994.

2. Ranjit Singh
Ghuman

: Antar-Rashtriya Arth Vigiyan, (Punjabi Medium) Punjabi University,
Patiala.



1. C. P. Kindleberger : International Economics, Richard Irwin, Homeswood, Illinois, Indian
Edition, 1987.

2. Sir Rai Harrod
(Trans. Pritam
Singh Gill)

: Antar-Rashtriya Arth Shastar, Punjabi University, Patiala.

Paper-IV : PUBLIC FINANCE

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Time : 3 Hours


UNIT-I

The Principle of Public Finance Subjective and Objective criteria.

Theory of Public Expenditure : Maximum Social Advantage, Theory of Social Goods : Distinction
between public, private and merit goods. Public expenditure and economic growth. Effects of public
expenditure on production, distribution, social over-head capital, stability and Innovation. Criteria of
Public Expenditure.

43

UNIT-II

Theory of Public Revenue : Theories of Taxation : Benefits principle, cost of service principle, ability to
pay theory, principle of equity. Effects of taxation. Analysis of major taxes Income Tax, Expenditure
Tax, Corporation Tax, Wealth Tax, Excise Duties, Sales Tax, and Custom Duties. The concept of taxable
capacity. Taxation in a developing economy. Fiscal incidence : Theories of tax shifting, concepts of
incidence, measurement of incidence.

UNIT-III
Public Debt : Role of Public Debt. Different forms of Public Debt. Burden of Public Debt, Deduction of
Public Debt. Debt management.

Budgetary Policy : Functional and Economic Classification of budgets and their uses. Performance
budgets. Budget as an instrument of mobilization and canalization of resources and redistribution of
income and wealth.

UNIT-IV
Balance and unbalanced budgets.

Fiscal Federalism : Principles of federal finance.

Development Finance : Functional Finance vs. Development Finance.

Mobilisation of financial resources for planned development.


1. Musgrave, R. A. : Theory of Public Finance.

2. Taylor & Phillip : The Economics of Public Finance.

3. Buchanan, J. M. : The Public Finance.

Paper-V : INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMETRICS Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Time : 3 Hours



UNIT-I

Definition and Scope of econometrics. The methodology of economic research. Specification and
estimation of an econometric model. Random variable and probability distribution. Basic concepts :
unbiasedness, efficiency and consistency.

Single Equation Models : Ordinary Least Squares Estimation.
UNIT-II

Testing of Hypothesis : Basic Concepts; Type I and Type II errors. Simple and composite hypothesis.
t and F tests. Maximum Likelihood estimation.
UNIT-III

The General Linear Regression model in Matrix form. Estimation and properties of the estimators. Tests
of significance of coefficients. Partial Correlation Coefficients.

Multicollinearity : Its detection and solution.

Heteroscedasticity : Its detection and solution.

UNIT-IV

Dummy Variables : The dummy variable trap. Interpretation of slope and intercept.

Lagged Variables : Uses in economics. Estimation Problems, Koyck transformation, Partial and Stock
adjustment models.

Estimation of demand function.

Estimation of consumption function.


1. Johnson, J. : Econometrics Methods, 2
nd
Edition, McGraw Hill, New
York, 1984.

2. Gujarati, Damodar : Basic Econometrics, McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2003.

45

1. Kendall, M. G. & A. Sturat
(eds.)
: Advanced Theory of Statistics, Vols. I & II, Griffin and Co.,
London.

2. Intrilligator, M. D. : Econometric Models and Applications, Prentice Hall.

3. Maddala, G. S. : Econometrics, New Delhi, McGraw Hill, 1977.

4. Wallis, K. F. : Topics in Applied Econometrics, London, Bray Hills.

-----------------------


SOCIOLOGY


Paper III (SOC 351) : Methods and Techniques of Social Research (Compulsory)

Paper IV : Any one from the following two options :

Option (i) (SOC 352) Social Demography (Written : 90 marks)
(Internal assessment :10 marks)

Option (ii) (SOC 353) Social Deviance (Written : 90 marks)
(Internal assessment :10 marks)

PAPER III : METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF SOCIAL RESEARCH (Compulsory)

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hrs.

Note :

1.

For written paper, the students will be required to attempt five questions in all. Question No. I will
be compulsory and will cover the entire syllabus. In addition to it, students will attempt four essay
type questions, one from each of the four units.

2. Question No. I will be compulsory comprising of short answer type questions. It will consist of 12
short answer type questions of 2 marks each, out of which the students are required to attempt 9
short answer type questions (9 2 =18 marks).

3. On an average, 15 hours are to be devoted to each unit.

4. Question Nos. II to IX will be long answer questions, two questions from each unit with internal
choice, consisting of 18 marks each (418 = 72 marks).

Objective :

The students will be introduced with basic methods and techniques in social research. The objective of this
course is to familiarize the students with the basic elements of scientific method, various methods of data
collection and social measurement.

B.A./B.Sc. (HONOURS) THIRD YEAR SYLLABUS 47

Course Content :

UNIT-I

Scientific Method : Features; Concept; Fact, Hypothesis, Theory, Stages of social research.

UNIT-II

Sampling Techniques: Definition and Concept, Fact, Hypothesis, Theory (population/stratum/census)
Sampling Types: Probability: Simple Random/Stratified Random/Cluster/Multi-stage. NonProbability:
Accidental/Quota/Purposive; Sampling Error.

UNIT-III

Techniques of Data Collection : Observation, Participant and Non-Participant Observation, Interview
Schedule and Questionnaire (Structured/Unstructured); Case study method.

UNIT-IV

Measurement : Levels and Problems, Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Mode, Median.

Essential Readings :

1. Sellltiz, Claire et.al : Research Methods in Social Relations (Revised ed.),
New York: Henry Hold & Co. (latest edition).

2. Goode, W.J. & Hatt, P.K. : Methods in Social Research, New York: McGraw Hill,
Latest Indian Edition, 1952.

3. Young, P.V. : Scientific Social Surveys and Research, New Delhi:
Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., 1988.

4. Mukerjee, P.N. : Methodology on Social Research: Dilemmas and
Perspectives, New Delhi: Sage, 2000.

Further Readings :

1. Festinger, L. & Katz, D. : Research Methods in Behavioural Science, New York:
Dryden Press, 1953.

2. Lindzey, Gardner & Aronson : The Handbook of Social Psychology (2
nd
ed.), Addison:
Wesley Pub. Comp., 1968.

3. Robson, Colin : Real World Research, Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.


PAPER-IV: Option (i): SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks

Time : 3 Hrs.

Note :

1. For written paper, the students will be required to attempt five questions in all. Question No. I will




Objective :

The course exposes students to various components of population growth, sources of data and perspectives
on population. Concepts of mortality and fertility are discussed in general and with reference to India in
particular. Students are apprised of the latest Population Policy in India.

Course Content :

UNIT-I

Population : Definition, Scope, Nature, Sources of Population Data-Census and Vital Registration.

UNIT-II

Theories on Population : Malthusian theory of Population; Biological: Theory of Density Principle and
Diet Theory; Social Theories: Social Capillarity and Theory of Diffusion: Theory of Demographic
Transition.


s

UNIT-III

Mortality : Concept, Causes of Mortality, Infant Mortality, Mortality in India.

Fertility : Concept, Factors affecting FertilityBiological, Socio-Cultural and Psychological Fertility in
India.

UNIT-IV

Population Policy in India, Female Foeticide (reference to PNDT Act).


1. Bhende, Asha & Kanitkar, Tara : Principles of Population (revised ed.), Bombay: Tara
Himalaya Publishing House, 1996.

2. Bogue, Donald, J. : Principles of Demography, New York: John Willey,
1969.

3. Nam, Charles, P. : Population and Society, 1968.

4. Premi, M.K. : An Introduction to Social Demography, Delhi:
Vikas Publishing House, 1983.

5. Weeks, J.R. : Population: An Introduction to Concepts & Issues,
London: Wardworth Publishing Co., 1988.

Further Readings :

1. Bose, Ashish : India & The Asian Perspective, New Delhi: B.R.
Publishing Corporation, 1993.

2. Matras, Juda : A Sociological Approach, New Jersey: Prentice Hall,
1977.

3. Government of India : National Population Policy (2000), Ministry of Health
& Family Welfare, GOI.

(Latest Census Reports and Sample Registration
Bulletins of the Government of India.)

4. Premi, M.K. : Indias Population: Heading towards a Billion, Delhi:
B.R. Publications, 1991.


PAPER IV: Option (ii): SOCIAL DEVIANCE

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hrs.

Note :

1. For written paper, the students will be required to attempt five questions in all. Question No. I will




Objective :
To understand the contemporary social problems in society, the students are exposed to the basic concept of
social deviance, theoretical perspectives on it and its control mechanisms.

Course Content :

UNIT-I

Deviance : Definition, Concept (Relative and Absolute) Crime, Distinction between Deviance and Crime.

UNIT-II

Sociological Theories : Theories of Social Disorganization (C.H. Cooley, W.F. Ogburn).

Structural-Functional Theories : Theory of Anomie (Emile Durkheim, Robert K. Merton), Differential
Association (E. Sutherland and D.R. Cressey).

Interactionist Theories : Theory of Labelling (Edwin M. Lemert and Howard S. Becker).

UNIT-III

Controlling Deviance : Socialization - Means and Agencies, Social Control : Means and Agencies,
Controlling Crime : Role of Police, Law and Judiciary.

UNIT-IV

Selected Problems of Deviance: Sex Deviance, Juvenile Delinquency, White Collar Crimes, Cyber Crime.


1. Becker, Howard S. : Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance,
Glenco, Free Press, 1987.

2. Ferrell, R. & V.L. Swigert [ed.] : Social Deviance, New York: J.B. Lippincott Co.,
1975.

3. Haralambos, M. : Sociology Themes & Perspectives, Delhi, Oxford
University Press, 1984.

4. Kelly, Delos H. : Deviant Behaviour: Readings in Sociology of
Deviance, New York: Martins Press, 1979.

5. Lawson, T & T. Heaton : Crime & Deviance, New Delhi : Macmillan,
1999.

6. Metta, Spencer : Foundations of Modern Sociology, New Jersey:
Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliff, 1979.

7. Michael Mc Kee and Ian Robertson : Social Problems, Toronto: Random House Inc., 1976.

8. Thio, Alex : Deviant Behaviour, London : Houghton Mifflin,
1978.

Further Readings :

1. Erdwin. H. Pfuhl : The Deviance Process, New York: D.Van Nostrand
Co., 1980.

2. Ian Robertson : Sociology, New York: Publisher Inc., 1977.


3. John, J. Grant : Social Problems as Human Concern, San Francisco:
Body & Fraser Publishing Company, 1976.

4. Rubington, Weinberg : Studies of Social Problems, New York: Oxford
University Press, 1977.

5. Rushing, William A. [ed.] : Deviant Behavior & Social Process: Rand McNally
College Pub. Co., 1985.

----------------------


PHILOSOPHY

Paper III Option (i) : PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hrs.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES :
The aim of this paper is to analyse the concepts of philosophy and science, Einsteins Theory of Relativity
i.e. space, time and relativity; Nature of observational language and theoretical language; causality,
prediction and probability; Principle of Complimentarity.



There shall be 9 questions in all. First question shall be short answer type containing 15 short questions
to attempt any 9 short answer type questions i.e. 2 marks of each. It shall carry 18 marks and shall be
candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall attempt one question from each Unit 4
in all, of 18 marks each.

Course Contents :

UNIT-I

1. The Nature and Scope of Philosophy of Science. Relation between Philosophy and Science.

2. Einsteins Theory of Relativity : Space, time, reality.

3. Methodological character of theoretical concepts. Observational language, theoretical language, a
criterion of significance of theoretical terms. Dispositional concepts, Difference between theoretical
terms and pure dispositional terms.

UNIT-II

4. Causality, Prediction and Probability.

5. Principle of Causality.

6. Causality as the existence of Laws.

UNIT-III

7. Causal Law and Statistical Laws.
8. Induction and Probability.

UNIT-IV

9. Theories of Probability.
10. Principle of Complimentarity.


1. Bridgman, P.W. : The Logic of Modern Physics (New York : Macmillan, 1958).

2. Hans Reichenbac : Rise of Scientific Philosophy (California : University Press, 1994).

3. Earnest Nagel : Structure of Science (Hackett Pub. Co., 1979).

Further Readings :

4. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Minnesota Centre for Philosophy of Science, 1958.

5. Phillip Frank : Philosophy of Science : The Link between Science and Philosophy
(Englewood Cliff : Prentice Hall, 1957).

Paper III Option (ii) : SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hrs.


The paper aims at understanding the nature of social and political philosophy and some of its fundamental
concepts; its major social and political theories and Indian political thought.





Course Contents :

UNIT-I

1. Nature and Scope of Social and Political Philosophy :

(a) Relation between Social and Political Philosophy and Social Sciences such as Sociology and
Political Science with special emphasis on the distinction between Philosophy and Science.

(b) Empirical and Scientific study of society and politics as distinct from philosophical study of
society and politics.

UNIT-II

2. Some Fundamental Concepts of Social and Political Philosophy :

(i) Distinction between Natural Facts and Social Facts.

(ii) Normative Aspects of Socio-Political Reality.

(iii) State and Civil Society.

(iv) Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.

(v) Social Change and Social Progress.

(vi) Tradition and Modernisation.

(vii) Power and Authority.

(viii) Reform and Revolution.

(ix) Justice.

UNIT-III

3. Major Social and Political Theories

(a) Liberalism.

(b) Egalitarianism.

(c) Anarchism.

UNIT-IV

4. Indian Political Thought : Chanakya, Vivekananda, Gandhi, Ambedkar.



1. Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda (relevant portions) Advaita Ashram, Calcutta.

2. Tagore : Religion of Man, Unwin Books, London.

3. Bhattacharyya, K.C. : Studies in Philosophy.

4. Ambedkar, B.R. : Writings and Speeches, Government of Maharastra, Bombay.

5. Gautam, S.P. : Samaj Darshan, Haryana Sahitya Akademy, Chandigarh.

PAPER IV Option (i) : LOGIC

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hrs.


The paper aims at training the students in skills of critical reasoning by introducing laws of thought, criteria
for validity of arguments, deductive and inductive reasoning.


Course Contents :

UNIT-I

1. Nature and Scope of Logic.

2. Deductive Inference.

3. Laws of Thought.

UNIT-II
4. Aristotelian Classification of Propositions.

5. Immediate and Mediate Inference.

6. Syllogism.

UNIT-III

7. Truth Tables.

8. Propositional Calculus.

9. Quantifiers and Propositional Functions.

10. Predicate Calculus.

UNIT-IV

11. Inductive Logic.

12. Probability.

13. Scientific Method.

14. Law and Explanation.


1. Irving Copi : Introduction to Logic, Prentice Hall, 2004.

2. Nagel and Cohen : Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method, Simon
Publications, 2002.

3. Irving Copi : Symbolic Logic, Prentice Hall, 1979.

OR

Paper-IV Option (ii) : PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hrs.


This paper aims to introduce the problems like origin and meaning of culture, civilization, tradition, the role
of ideology and Utopia, Indian cultural tradition.




Course Contents :

UNIT-I

1. Origin and Meaning of Culture.

2. Culture, Civilization and the Individual

UNIT-II

3. Definition and evolution of the rational and irrational in CultureThe Role of Ideology and Utopia.

UNIT-III

4. Unity Vs. Plurality of Historical Cultures.

UNIT-IV

5. Concept of Tradition.

6. Sources of Indian Cultural Tradition.


1. Cassiurer, E. : An Essay on Man (N. York, Doubleday).

2. Sneh Pandit Ed. : Perspectives on Philosophy of Culture (Delhi, S. Chand, 1980).

OR

Paper IV Option (iii) : AESTHETICS

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hrs.

This paper aims at familiarizing the students with the meaning and scope of Aesthetics, art and society,
aesthetic experience according to the Western and Indian tradition.


Course Contents :
UNIT-I

1. Aesthetics, its meaning and scope.

2. Nature and function of art.

UNIT-II

3. The relation of art to society.

UNIT-III

4. Meaning and purpose of art in the Indian Tradition.

UNIT-IV

5. Nature of Aesthetic experience according to the Western and Indian traditions.


1. Susan, L. Feagin and Patrick Maynard (ed.) : Aesthetics, Oxford University Press, 1997.

2. Hiriyanna : Art Experience, Karyalaya Publications,
Mysore, 1954 .

--------------------------


PSYCHOLOGY

OBJECTIVES :
I Its aim is to introduce the students history, importance and classification of psychological
testing and provide them with knowledge and procedure of test construction and
standardization.

II Pedagogy of the Course Work :
80% Lectures (including expert lectures).
20% assignments, discussion and seminars.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :
There shall be 9 questions in all. Five questions in all are required to be attempted. The first question shall
be Short Answer type containing 12 short questions spread over the whole syllabus and the candidate is
required to answer 9 short questions in about 25-30 words each. It shall carry 18 marks and shall be
compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each unit shall have two essay type
questions and the candidates shall be given internal choice, i.e. the candidates shall attempt one question
from each Unit 4 in all, of 18 marks each.

Paper III : PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Time : 3 Hours

UNIT-I : Introduction to Psychological Tests :
History of Psychological Testing; Nature of Psychological Tests.

Classification of Tests; Use of Tests.

UNIT-II : Item Writing and Item Analysis :
Characteristics of a Good Item; Various types of Items; Item Difficulty; Item
Discrimination.


UNIT-III : Reliability and Validity :

Reliability : Concept, Types, Factors Affecting Reliability.

Validity : Concept, Types, Factors Affecting Validity; Relation between Reliability and
Validity.

UNIT-IV : Interpretation of Test Scores :

Criterion Referenced Scores : Content Referenced and Outcome Referenced Scores;
Norms Referenced Scores; Concept of Norms, Types of Norms (Percentile Scale and T.
Scale).

Note : The use of non-programmable calculators and statistical tables is allowed in the examination.

Books Recommended :

1. Anastasi, A. (1998) : Psychological Testing, New York : Macmillan.

2. Gregory, R.J. (1996) Psychological Testing, Singapore : Allyn and Bacon.
3. Guilford, J.P. and
Fruchter, B. (1981)
: Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education, Singapore :
McGraw Hill.

4. Guilford, J.P. (1954) : Psychometric Methods, New Delhi : Tata McGraw Hill.

Reference Books :
1. Freeman, F.S. (1962) : Theory and Practice of Psychological Testing, New Delhi : Oxford
and IBH.

2. Cronbach, L.J. (1990) : Essentials of Psychological Testing, New York : Harper and Row.

3. Brown, F.G. (1976) : Principles of Educational and Psychological Testing, New York :
Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Paper IV : COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Time : 3 Hours

UNIT-I : Concept of Counselling; Approaches to Counselling; Freudian, Experiential (Client
Centered, Gestalt, Existential), Behavioural Cognitive Behaviour Therapy.
s

UNIT-II : Process of Counselling, Introduction to Major Areas of Counselling : Vocational, and
Family Counselling.
s

UNIT-III : Nature and History of Organization Behaviour.

Strategies of Organizational Development.

Communication : Nature, Models and Types.

UNIT-IV : Work Motivation : Early and Contemporary Theories.

Job Satisfaction : Nature and Factors.

Books Recommended :


1. Luthans, F. (1998) : Organizational Behaviour, New York : Irwin McGraw Hill.

2. Moorhead, G. and Griffin,
R.W. (1999)

: Organizational Behaviour, Delhi : AITBS.
3. Parikh, M.R. & Gupta, R.
(2010)
: Organizational Behaviour, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private
Limited, New Delhi : West Patel Nagar.

4. Robbins, S.P. (2000)

: Organizational Behaviour, New York : Prentice Hall of India.
5. Rao, S.N. (1992)

: Counselling and Guidance, New Delhi : Tata McGraw Hill.
6. Nystul, M.S. (1999) : Introduction to Counselling An Art and Science Perspective,
Boston : Allyn and Bacon.

Reference Books :

1. Newstrom, J.W. and
Davis K. (1998)

: Organizational Behaviour, New Delhi : Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Woolfe, R., and Dryden,
W. (Eds.) (1996)
: Handbook of Counselling Psychology, New Delhi : Sage
Publications.

---------------------


GEOGRAPHY


Paper- III : APPLIED GEOGRAPHY

Max. Marks : 100

Terminal Exam. : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hours

Objectives :

To understand the prevalent issues in environment, society and economy and to provide a geographical
interpretation with special reference to India.

Course Contents :

UNIT-I

Applied Geography : Meaning and concepts :

Meaning, nature, scope and significance of applied geography. Concept of planning region.
Regionalisation scheme with reference to economic regionalisation.

UNIT-II

Industrial Location Theory of Weber and its application in industrial planning.

Central Place Theory and its application in location of central places.

Agricultural Location Theory and its application in agricultural location.

Growth Pole Theory and its application in regional development planning.

UNIT-III

Applied Geography : Method, techniques and contributions.

Cartographic techniques of dot, choropleth, graduated circle. Population and landuse mapping. Quantitative
methods and techniques of crop combination; functional classification of urban centres.


UNIT-IV

Field surveys for rural and urban landuse.

Rural landuse studies; urban and regional planning; industrial planning; nature of resource management and
planning.

Note : 1. A compulsory question containing 15 short answer type questions shall be set covering the
whole syllabus. The student shall attempt any 10 parts in about 25-30 words each. Each part
will carry 2 marks (total 20 marks).

2. The whole syllabus will be divided into 4 Units. Eight questions will be set out of the whole
syllabus, 2 from each unit. The students will be required to attempt one question from each
unit and each question will carry 17.5 marks. These will be in addition to the compulsory
question at serial number 1.

3. Internal assessment may include written assignments, snap tests, participation in discussion
in the class, term papers, attendance etc.

Books Recommended :


1. Carter, H. : The Study of Urban Geography, Arnold-Heinemann, New Delhi,
1979.

2. Chorley, R.J. & P. Haggett
(Ed.)

: Models in Geography, Methuen & Co., London, 1967.

3. Jones, Alun : Fieldwork in Geography, Longman, Green Co., London, 1968.

4. Stamp, L.D. : Applied Geography, Penguin Books, England, 1960.

5. Singh, R.L. (Ed.) : Applied Geography, National Geographical Society of India,
Department of Geography, B.H.U., Varanasi, India.

Further Readings :

1. Dawson, J.A. : Geography, Teach Yourself Books, Hodder and Stoughton, U.K.

2. Misra, R.P. and Others : Regional Development Planning in India, Vikas, New Delhi.

3. Misra, V.C. & Others : Essays in Applied Geography, University of Sagar, India.

4. Sen Gupta, P. & Sadasyuk
Galina.
: Economic Regionalization of India, Problems and Approaches,
Registrar General Census of India.

5. Singh, Jasbir & Dhillon,
S.S.

: Agricultural Geography, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1994.
6. World Report, World Bank & OUP (Annual Report)


Pedagogy :
Exposure to media.

National Five Year Plan documents and publications related to planning.

Field work related to landuse and other socio-economic issues.

Paper IV : Any one of the following options :

Option (i) : AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (An Elementary Course)

Option (ii) : POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY (An Elementary Course)

Option (iii) : ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY (An Elementary Course)

Option (i) : AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (An Elementary Course)

Max. Marks : 100



Time : 3 Hours

Objectives :

To familiarise the students with the concepts and development of agriculture.

To examine the role of agricultural determinants towards changing cropping patterns, intensity,
productivity, diversification and specialisation. The course further aims to familiarise the students with
the application of various theories, models and classification schemes of cropping patterns and
productivity.

Its objective is also to discuss environmental, technological and social issues in agricultural sector with
special reference to India.

Course Contents :
UNIT-I

Nature, scope and significance of agricultural geography.

General landuse classification.

Physical Determinants of Agricultural Landuse : Relief, climate, soils.
UNIT-II

Social and cultural determinants of agricultural landuse, land tenure, size and fragmentation of holdings
and labour.

Economic Determinants of Agricultural Landuse : Marketing facilities, transport facilities, tariff and import
restrictions, price incentives, credit.

UNIT-III

A critical review of Whittleseys agricultural classification.

Characteristics and world patterns of the following :

Subsistence Types of Agriculture : Nomadic herding, shifting cultivation, rudimentary sedentary tillage,
intensive subsistence tillage, subsistence crop and livestock farming.

UNIT-IV

Commercial Types of Agriculture : Livestock ranching, commercial plantation farming, commercial grain
farming, mixed farming, commercial dairy farming.




Books Recommended :

1. Alexander, J.W. : Economic Geography, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, Latest
Edition.

2. Husain, M. : Systematic Agricultural Geography, Inter-India Publications, New
Delhi, 2000.

3. Singh, J. and Dhillon, S.S. : Agricultural Geography, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing, New
Delhi, 1994.

Further Readings :
1. Morgan, W.B. and
Munton, R.J.C.

: Agricultural Geography, Methuen, London, 1971.

2. Symons, L.

: Agricultural Geography, G. Bell & Sons, London, 1964.

Pedagogy :
The teacher should impress the students the overall importance of agriculture in the global perspective. The
world is fast changing and its impact is felt on agriculture. Population is increasing and demand of
agricultural products is also on the increase. Contrary to it, the farm lands are decreasing, that necessitates
infusion of technology in agricultural sector. It is causing environmental pollution. The teacher should
interact with students on said issues. Examples from neighbouring areas may be given to the students for
better perceptions.

Option (ii) : POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY (An Elementary Course)

Max. Marks : 100



Time : 3 Hours

Objectives :
To familiarise the students with the geographical factors which have a bearing on the
political/administrative organisation of space.

To enhance awareness among the students of multi-dimensional nature of geo-political space.

Course Contents :

UNIT-I
Nature and scope of political geography, phases in the development of political geography. Physical
elements of political geography : Location, size and shape, relief, climate, seas and oceans.

UNIT-II
Economic Elements of Political Geography : Basic natural resources; food and power, minerals, industry,
trade and transportation.

Human-Cultural Elements of Political Geography : Ethnographic structure of nations, language, religion,
population, quantity and quality.


UNIT-III

Concepts of Frontiers and Boundaries : Classification of boundaries.

Global Distribution of Political Power : Views of Mackinder, Mahan and Spykman and their contemporary
relevance.

UNIT-IV

International Tension : Identification of tension areas and factors contributing to tensions in different
areas with special examples from Middle East and Indian Ocean.

Political Geography of the Indian Ocean.




Books Recommended :


1. De Blij, H.J., Glassner,
M.

: Systematic Political Geography, John Wiley, New York, 1968.

2. Dikshit, R.D. : Political Geography : A Contemporary Perspective, Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi, 1996.

Further Readings :

1. Adhikari, Sudeepta : Political Geography, Rawat, Jaipur, 1997.

2. Muir, R. : Modern Political Geography, Macmillan, London, 1981.

3. Prescott, J.R.V. : Political Geography, Methuen, London, 1992.


4. Prescott, J.R.V. : The Geography of Frontiers & Boundaries, Aldine Pvt. Ltd.,
Chicago, 1965.

5. Valkenberg, S.V. and
Stotz, Carl, L.
: Elements of Political Geography, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 1963.

Pedagogy :

Field work to understand the political/administrative boundary configuration and peoples problems
and their perceptions.

Consult political maps (large scale, small scale).

Atlases and archival records.

Collect relevant newspaper items for group discussion.

Prepare pin-up board for display of important events of geopolitical nature.

Option (iii) : ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY (An Elementary Course)

Max. Marks : 100



Time : 3 Hours

Objectives :

To understand the significance of environment and its interrelationship with man.

To understand the importance of soil and factors responsible for soil erosion.

The importance of energy sources, forest and wildlife and their preservation to be studied.

Course Content :

UNIT-I

Environment and Geography : Relationship between geography and environment; definition and scope of
environmental geography; significance of environmental studies.

The Environment : Characteristics, components and functioning; concept of healthy environment.
(6+6 = 12 Lectures).

UNIT-II

The Soil System : Origin and composition; horizons, texture, chemistry, factors influencing soil types; soil
erosion, soil conservation; and soil pollution.

Energy : Energy flow in the ecosystem; environmental impact of both conventional and non-conventional
energy sources. (6+4 = 10 Lectures)

UNIT-III

Forests : Significance; world reserves; deforestation; and conservation strategies.

Wildlife : Wildlife and environment relationship, regional distribution; conservation of wildlife; and
wildlife in India.
(5+5 = 10 Lectures)

UNIT-IV

Population and Environment : Basic issues, environmental impact of population growth and agenda for
action. Global Environmental Issues : Water contamination; atmospheric pollution; acid rain; noise
pollution; and control strategies.

Legislative strategies, environmental issues and the international community; Rio-de-Janeiro Earth Summit
of 1992; selected environmental protection laws in India; Environmental Protection Act, National
Environmental Tribunal Act, Wildlife Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act, Air Act, Water Act.
(6+6 +6 = 18 Lectures)





Books Recommended :

1. Adam, W.M. : Green Development : Environment & Sustainability in the
Third World, Routledge, London, 1990.

2. Chandna, R.C. : Environment Awareness, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi,
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998. Also available in Hindi and
Punjabi.

3 Chandna, R.C. : Environmental Geography, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi,
2001.

4. Goudie, A. S. : The Human Impact on Environment, Blackwell, Oxford, 1993.

Further Readings :

1. Ehrlich Paul, R. et al : Ecoscience Population, Resources and Environment,
Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1977.

2. Goudie, A. S. : Environmental Change, Contemporary Problems in
Geography, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992.

3. Pickering, K.T. : An Introduction to Global Environmental Issues, Routledge,
London, 1994.

4. Singh, Savinder : Environmental Geography, Paryag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad,
1991.

5. Strahler, A. N. & Strahler,
L. A.
: Geography and Mans Environment, John Wiley & Sons, New
York.

Pedagogy :

The interaction of teacher and students is must on issues related to environment, energy
resources, forest and soil preservation.

A field visit to those areas where soil erosion is a serious problem be arranged and methods of
conservation be taught.

--------------------


PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION


Outline of Tests, Syllabi and Courses of Reading

Paper III : RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hours

Objective of the Paper :

The objective of the paper is to give the student an in-depth understanding about the nature and scope of
Social Research, Methods of Social Research, data collection and data processing. It would also acquaint
the students with basics of sampling and statistical methods including measures of central tendency,
dispersion, correlation and Chi-Squares Test.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTERS AND CANDIDATES :

For Private/University School of Open Learning (USOL) students, who have not been assessed
earlier for the internal assessment, the marks secured by them in the paper will proportionately be
increased in lieu of the internal assessment.

The Paper-Setter must put a note in question paper in this regard.

The candidate shall attempt 5 questions in all (one compulsory and one each from four units). The
first compulsory question shall comprise of 12 short-answer type questions, covering the whole
syllabus, to be answered in 25-30 words each, out of which the candidate would be required to
attempt any 9. Each question will carry 2 marks. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units, each unit
having two questions, out of which the candidate would be required to attempt one. Each question
will carry 18 marks.

UNIT-I

Meaning, Nature and Scope of Social Research.

Concepts; Hypotheses : Meaning, Types and Significance.

Research Design : Meaning, Types and Components.

Methods of Social Research : ExperimentalSurvey and Case Study.

UNIT-II

Methods of Data CollectionDocuments, Observation, Interview and Questionnaire.

Data ProcessingEditing, Coding and Tabulation, The use of Computer.

Report Writing.

UNIT-III

SamplingMeaning, Types, Merits and Demerits.

Frequency Distribution Meaning and Steps.

Measures of Central Tendency Mean, Median and Mode.

UNIT-IV

Measures of Dispersion Standard Deviation.

Correlation Karl Pearson.

Chi-Square


1. C.A. Moser and Kalton, G.

: Survey Methods in Social Investigations (London : ELBS, 1979).

2. C. Seltiz & Others : Research Methods in Social Relations (New York : Rinehart &
Winston, 1964).

3. S.P. Gupta : Statistical Methods (New Delhi : Sultan Chand, Rev. ed. 1987).

4. W.J. Goode and P.K. Hatt : Methods in Social Research (U.S.A. : McGraw Hill, 1990).

Further Readings :

1. Arthur Bowley Elements of Statistics (New York : Staples, 6
th
Ed., 1947).

2. Ghosh and Chowdhry

: Statistics (Allahabad : Indian Press, Rev. Enlarg. Ed., 2004).
3. L. Cohen : Statistical Method for Social Scientists (New Delhi : Prentice Hall
of India Private Ltd.) (1968).

PAPER IV : The candidates have to select one out of the following four options :
Option (i) : Organisation Behaviour.

Option (ii) : Cooperative Administration in India.

Option (iii) : Public Enterprise Management (with special reference to India).

Option (iv) : Environment Administration in India.


Paper IV : Option (i) : ORGANISATION BEHAVIOUR

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hours

Objective of the paper :

The objective of the paper is to give the student an in-depth insight into the various aspects and factors
affecting individual, interpersonal and group behaviour in organisations. The key areas include study of
human behavior and concepts like Attitudes, Morale, Leadership, Motivation and Organizational Change.





UNIT-I

Organisation Behaviour : Concept; significance

Individual Behaviour : Concept; nature; individual factors

Interpersonal Relations : Meaning; dimensions; factors

UNIT-II

Team Development : Importance; types of teams

Attitudes : Concept, types

Morale : Concept; Significance; building up high morale

UNIT-III

Groups : Concept; types

Leadership : Styles of leadership

Motivation : Concept; Determinants


UNIT-IV

Organisational Change : Concept; Resistance to change

Organisational Development : Concept; Need; Techniques

Organisational Effectiveness : Concept; Approaches

1. L.M. Prasad : Organisational Behaviour, New Delhi : Sultan Chand, 3
rd
Rev.
and Enlarg. (Ed.), 2000.

2. K.K. Sharma & Pardeep Sahni : Organisational Behaviour, New Delhi : Deep & Deep, 1988.

3. Shashi Gupta, Rosy Joshi : Organizational Behaviour, Kalyani Publishers, 2007.

4. Keith Davis : Organizational Behaviour, New York, McGraw Hill, 2001.

5. Robert Dubin : Human Relations in Administration, New Delhi : Prentice Hall,
3
rd
ed., 1968.

6. B.J. Kolasa : Introduction to Behavioural Sciences for Business, New York,
Wiley, 1969.

Paper IV Option (ii) : CO-OPERATIVE ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hours


The objective of the paper is to acquaint the students with the evolution of cooperatives in India and its
Principles. It will also deal with Legislation on Cooperatives, Registration, structure and Administration at
the Union and State level. Further the students will gain an understanding of the forms and Role of
Cooperatives, their managerial & personnel aspects.






UNIT-I
Co-operation : Meaning, Significance and Evolution.

Co-operative Principles.

Co-operative Legislation : G.O.I. Act 1912 and Punjab Co-operative Societies Act, 1961 (as amended
from time to time).

UNIT-II

Registration of a Co-operative Society.

General Body, Board of Directors and Committees.

Chief-Executive : Appointment, Functions and Role.

Co-operative Administration at Union Level Organisation and Functions.

UNIT-III

Co-operative Department at State Level Organisation and Functions.

Registrar Co-operative Societies : Appointment and Role.

Forms of Co-operatives : Role of Apex Federations and Primary Co-operatives.

Co-operative Education.

UNIT-IV
Human Resource Management : Recruitment and Training.

Financial Management.


1. P.R. Dubhashi : Principles and Philosophy of Cooperation, Pune, VMNICM, 1970.

2. B.B. Goel : Dynamics of Cooperative Administration, Delhi, Deep and Deep,
1988.


3. Goel, S.L. &. Goel,
B.B.
: Principles, Problems and Prospects of Coop. Admn., Delhi, Sterling,
1979.

4. Kamra, P.K. : Cooperative Management, Delhi : Deep and Deep,1986.

5. Krishnaswami, O.R. : Fundamentals of Cooperative, Delhi, S. Chand and Co., 1978.

6. Mathur, B.S. : Cooperation in India, Agra, Sahitya Bhawan, 1971.

Further Readings :

1. Dwivedi, R.C. : Democracy in Cooperative Movement, National Cooperative Union
of India in New Delhi, 1982.

2. Gill, M.S : Agricultural Cooperatives, Delhi, Vikas, 1983.

3. I.C.A. : Experts Consultation on Cooperative Member Education, Delhi,
ICA, 1980.

4. I.C.A. : Readings in Cooperative Management, Delhi, ICA, 1977.

5. I.L.O. : Cooperative Management and Administration, Geneva, ILO.

6. Puri, S.S. : Ends and Means of Cooperative Development, Delhi, NCUI, 1979.

7. Bhatia, B.S. (ed.) : Encyclopaedia of Cooperative Management, Set in 5 Vols., 1994,
Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Paper-IV Option (iii) : PUBLIC ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT (with special reference to India)

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hours


The objective of the paper is to give the student a detailed understanding of the concept, evolution, types,
role and problems of public enterprises in India. It would also give an insight into legislative and
government control over public enterprises, performance and reforms of the public enterprises and the
concept of privatization.






UNIT-I

Public Enterprise : Meaning and Evolution.

Public Enterprises in India : Rationale and Role.

Administrative and Managerial Problems of Public Enterprises.

UNIT-II

Organisational Patterns : Departmental Undertakings, Public Corporation and Government Company.

Board of Directors : Rationale, Constitution, Types and Functions.

UNIT-III

Legislative Control over Public Enterprises.

Government Control over Public Enterprises.

Performance of Public Enterprises.

UNIT-IV

Public Enterprise Reforms since 1991.

Memorandum of Understanding.

Privatization : Meaning, Rationale, Achievements and Failures.


1. B.P. Mathur : Public Enterprise Management (Macmillan, New Delhi, 1999).

2. Jagdish Parkash : Administration of Public Enterprises in India (Himalaya Publishing
House, Mumbai, 2002).

3. Laxmi Narain : Public Enterprise Management and Privatisation (S. Chand, New
Delhi, 2005).

4. N.K. Sengupta : Government and Business (Vikas, New Delhi, 2007).

5. Ruddra Dutt and
K.P.M. Sundaram

: Indian Economy (S. Chand, New Delhi, 2009).
6. S.S. Khera : Government in Business (Delhi : National, 1977).

Further Readings :
1. A.H. Hanson : Public Enterprises and Economic Development (London : Routledge and
Kegan, 1972).

2. K.R. Gupta : Issues in Public Enterprises (New Delhi, S. Chand, 1975).

3. Government of India : Public Enterprises Survey, India Ministry of Heavy Industry & Public
Enterprises, Vol. 1, 2, 3 DPE, New Delhi.

4. Ratnakar Gedam : Public Sector Management , 1995.

5. United Nations Countries (New York : V.N., 1974).

6. V.V. Ramanadham : The Structure of Public Enterprises and Economics in India (Bombay,
Asia Publishing House).

7. V.V. Ramanadham : The Working of Public Sector (Bombay : Allied Publishers, 1988).

Paper IV Option (iv) : ENVIRONMENT ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA
Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks


Time : 3 Hours


The objective of the paper is to give the student an in-depth understanding of the concept and components
of environment, environment administration and sustainable development. In addition, the students would
be made aware of environment problems, threats and impact of development on environment. The student
will also gain knowledge regarding the machinery for environment protection at the Union and State levels,
Environmental Policy, priorities, global issues and role of NGOs in environment conservation would be
dealt with.






UNIT-I

Environment Concept and Components.

Environment Administration Meaning, Nature and Scope.

Sustainable Development Concept, Issues and Strategy.

UNIT-II

Environment Problems and ThreatsAir, Water, Land, Human Settlements and Forests.

Impact of Development, Urbanization and Industry on Environment.

Organisation and Machinery of the Government at the Union Level for Environment Protection.

Organisation and Machinery of the Government at the State Level for Environment Protection.

UNIT-III

Pollution Control BoardsOrganisation, Functions and Role.

Environmental Policy with special reference to Water, Air and Forest; Constitutional Provisions;
Legislative Measures.

Environmental Priorities in IndiaPopulation Stabilisation; Forest Cover; Deforestation; Wildlife
Protection; Recycling of Wastes.

UNIT-IV

Environment and Global IssuesConventions; Depletion of Ozone Layer; Global Warming.

Environment Education, Awareness and Ethics; Role of NGOs in Environment Protection and
Conservation.

1. R.C. Chandana : Environment Awareness (New Delhi : Kalyani, 1998).

2. R.K. Sapru : Development Administration (New Delhi : Sterling, 2002).

3. R.K. Sapru : Public Policy (New Delhi : Sterling, 2004).

4. S. Edmunds and J. Latey : Environmental Administration (New York : McGraw-Hill,
1973).

5. V.K. Nanda : Environmental Education (New Delhi : Anmol, 1997).


Further Readings :

1. India, Centre for Science and
Environment
: The State of Indias Environment : A Citizens Report (Vishal
Bhawan, New Delhi, 1982).

2. Kumar, Naresh : Air Pollution and Environment Protection : Legislative Policies,
Judicial Trends and Social Perceptions (New Delhi : Mittal,
1999).

3. Sheo Parkash Agnihotri : Environment Conservation Management and Planning
(Allahabad : Chugh, 1992.)

4. Radha, S. and Sankhyan, A.S. : Environmental Challenges of the 21
st
Century (New Delhi,
Deep, 2004).

5. Monga, G.S. : Environment and Development (New Delhi : Deep and Deep,
2004).

---------------------------

ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY, CULTURE & ARCHAEOLOGY


Note : The students shall have to opt for two papers for third year examination out of the following four
papers :

Outlines of Test :
Paper I : Archaeology
Paper II : Epigraphy and Numismatics
Paper III : History of Art and Architecture (Earliest times to C. 1000 A.D.)
Paper IV : Spread of Indian Culture in South-East Asia upto 12
th
Century A.D.

Paper-I : ARCHAEOLOGY
Total Marks : 100
Theory : 90
Internal Assessment : 10
Time : 3 Hours

Objectives :
This course is a survey of the pre and proto-historic background to Indian history from the beginning of
man to the early historical period. Excavated sites are studied for an in site into the growth of early Indian
culture.

Note : 1. The paper setter is required to set 9 questions in all.

2. The candidates are required to attempt five questions in all.

3. All questions shall carry equal marks.

4. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short questions spread over the
entire syllabus. The candidates are required to attempt 9 short questions in about 25 to 30
words each. It shall carry 18 marks and shall be a compulsory question.

5. The rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. The entire syllabus has been divided into 4 Units.
Each unit shall have two questions and the candidate shall be given internal choice i.e. the
candidate shall attempt one question from each Unit i.e. 4 in all, of 18 marks each.

UNIT-I : The Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic cultural sequences in various parts of the
Indian subcontinent.

UNIT-II : (a) The background and the phenomenon of the Harappan civilization.
(b) The Chalcolithic cultures of western and southern India.


UNIT-III : The beginning of iron technology and the Painted Grey Ware Culture.

UNIT-IV : Excavations of early historic cities of :
(a) Northern India and Gangetic doab : Taxila and Hastinapura.
(b) Eastern India : Sisupalgarh and Chandraketugarh.
(c) Southern India : Arikamedu and Brahmagiri and Chandravalli.

Pedagogy of the Course Work :

The students are made familiar with prehistoric, proto historic and historical sites through visits. Slides,
photographs of relevant sites, their significance in establishing chronologies is also discussed in the class.
Visits to museums is also an important aspect through which students are made familiar with the material
evidence.


1. Agrawal, D.P. : The Archaeology of India, New Delhi, 1984.

2. Allchin, B. and F.R. : The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, New Delhi, 1989.

3. Fagan, Brian M. : People of the Earth : An Introduction to World Prehistory,
Singapore, 2004.

4. Possehl, G. : Ancient Cities of the Indus, New Delhi, 1979.

5. Ratnagar, S. : Understanding Harappa, New Delhi, 2001.

6. Roy, T.N. : The Ganges Civilization, New Delhi, 1982.

7. Triathi, V. : The Painted Grey Ware, Delhi, 1975.

Paper-II : EPIGRAPHY AND NUMISMATICS
Total Marks : 100
Theory : 90
Time : 3 Hours

Objectives :
The paper is aimed to prepare students to handle the original source material inscriptions and coins,
which make the backbone of Ancient Indian History, as without the knowledge of epigraphy and
numismatics, the subject cannot be mastered.







UNIT-I
(a) Origin and antiquity of writing in India with special reference to the origin of Brahmi script.
(b) Origin and antiquity of coinage in India.
UNIT-II
(a) Asokan inscriptions Pillar Edicts I to IV; Girnar Rock Edicts I, II and XIII. (Both for study and
decipherment).

(b) Besnagar Pillar inscription of Heliodorus; Nasik Cave Inscription of Queen Balasri; Sarnath Buddha
Image inscription of Kanishkas year 3; Junagarh Rock inscription of Rudradaman I, Saka year 72.
(Study only). Gupta inscriptionsAllahabad Pillar inscription of Samudragupta, Mehrauli Iron
Pillar inscription of Chandra, Bhitari Stone Pillar inscription of Skandagupta (Study only).

(c) Post-Gupta inscriptions : Mandasor Stone inscription of Malava Samvat 589, Banskhera Copper-
plate of Harshavardhana, Pehowa inscription of Bhojadeva (Study only).

UNIT-III

(a) Coins as source of ancient Indian history.
(b) Study of Punch marked coins.

UNIT-IV

(a) Coins of the Kushanas.
(b) Coins of the Guptas.

Students should be familiarized with the details of the topics in the syllabus with stress on the contents of
each topic. Visual aids like the photographs/slides of the coins and inscriptions should be used regularly.
The decipherment of Asokan inscriptions should be taught with the help of plates and paleographic charts.



1. Bajpai, Krishnadutta &
Bajpai Santosh

: Itihasik Bhartiya Abhilekha, Jaipur, 1992.
2. Pandey, R.B.

: Indian Paleography, Banaras, 1952.
3. Hultzsh, E.

: Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. I, rpt., Delhi.
4. Gupta, P.L.

: Coins, New Delhi, 1969.
5. Allan, John : Catalogue of Coins of Ancient India, Vol. I, rpt., Delhi, 1974.

6. Altekar, A.S.

: Coinage of the Gupta Empire, Varanasi, 1957.
7. Sharma, Savita

: Catalogue of the Kushana Coins in Bharat Kala Bhawan, Varanasi.

Paper III : HISTORY OF ART AND ARCHITECTURE (EARLIEST TIMES TO C. 1000 A.D.)

Total Marks : 100
Theory : 90
Total : 3 Hours

Objectives :
The main objective of the paper is to acquaint the students with the architecture of ancient Buddhist and
Hindu monuments, stone and bronze sculptures, that form an integral part of ancient history and heritage,
for comprehensive understanding of the subject.







UNIT-I

(a) Harappan architecture Town planning and important buildings.
(b) Harappan sculptures Stone and bronze.

UNIT-II

(a) Stupa Architecture Salient features, Stupas of Sanchi and Amaravati.
(b) Rock-cut ArchitectureSalient features, Lomas Rishi Cave, Ajanta and Ellora.

UNIT-III : Temple Architecture :

(a) Gupta temples.
(b) Nagara Khajuraho.
(c) Dravida Chola.
(d) Vesara Chalukya.

UNIT-IV : Sculpture :

(a) Early Period Mauryan, Sunga and Kushanas.
(b) Gupta and Early Medieval Gupta, Pala and Chola.

Besides giving an outline of the history and salient features of the topics enumerated in the syllabus,
students should be thoroughly acquainted with important monuments and images in stone and bronze of
each period. Important schools of art should also be taught. Constant help of visual aids like slides and
transparencies should form integral part of teaching. Field work trips to museums and sites of monuments
should be undertaken.


1. Agrawala, P.K. : Gupta Temple Architecture, Varanasi, 1968.

2. Agrawala, V.S. : Gupta Art, Lucknow, 1948.

3. Agrawala, Vasudeva, S. : Indian Art, Varanasi, 1965.

4. Brown, Percy : Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Period), Bombay, 1971.

5. Dehejia, Vidya : Early Buddhist Rock Temples : A Chronological Study, London,
1972.

6. Gangoly, O.C. : South Indian Bronzes, Calcutta, 1914.


7. Harle, J.C. : Gupta Sculpture, New Delhi, 1996.

8. Huntington, S. : The Art of Ancient India (Buddhist, Hindu, Jain), Tokyo, 1985.

9. Kramrisch, Stella : Indian Scuplture, 2 Vols., London, 1933.

10. Krishna Deva : Temples of North India, Delhi, 1969.

11. Ray, Niharranjan : Maurya and Sunga Art, Calcutta, 1945.

12. Rowland, R. : The Art and Architecture of India, London, 1953.

13. Saraswati, S.K. : Survey of Indian Sculpture, Calcutta, 1957.

14. Srinivasan, K.R. : Temples of South India, New Delhi, 1998.

Paper-IV : SPREAD OF INDIAN CULTURE IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA UPTO 12
TH
CENTURY A.D.

Total Marks : 100
Theory : 90
Time : 3 Hours
Objectives :
This course enlightens the students about the spread of Indian culture in Burma, Thailand, Indonesia,
Combodia and Champa. In order to teach the students about the elements of Indian Culture, which made
its impact known in those countries, it is, therefore, necessary to discuss the political history, art and
architecture and religion of those regions.






UNIT-I

(a) Beginning of Indianisation in Burma.
(b) Art and Religion of Burma.


UNIT-II

(a) Beginning of Indianisation in Indonesia.
(b) Study of Indo-Javanese Art.

UNIT-III
(a) Beginning of Indianisation in Cambodia.
(b) Art of Cambodia.

UNIT-IV
(a) Beginning of Indianisation in Champa.
(b) Study of Art and Archaeological remains of Champa.

The students are taught with the help of slides, photographs and maps. In addition to it, lectures,
workshops, seminars, written assignments and class discussions, term papers etc. are essential parts of it.
The students should be made familiar with the outline of the topics mentioned in above units.


1. Chatterji, B.R. : History of Indonesia, (Early and Medieval) Meerut,1967.

2. Chatterji, B.R. : Indian Cultural Influence in Cambodia, Calcutta, 1933.

3. Coedes, C. : The Making of South East Asia, Honolulu, 1968.

4. Coomaraswamy, A.K. : History of Indian and Indonesian Art, London, 1921.

5. Harrison, Brian, : South East Asia, A Short History, London, 1954.

6. Majumdar, R.C. : Hindu Colonies in the Far East, Calcutta, 1944.

7. Majumdar, R.C. : Suvarnadvipa, Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East, Modern
Publication Syndicate, 1937.

8. Majumdar, R.C. : Kambuja-Desa, or An Ancient Hindu Colony in Cambodia, Madras,
1944.

9. Singhal, D.P. : India and World Civilization, Vols. I & II, Calcutta, 1972.

10. Van, Dest : The Kingdom of Champa, Paris, 1928.

----------------------

MUSIC (VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL)
Paper-III : (Theory)

Total Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Total : 3 Hours

Note : There will be 10 questions in all and a student will attempt five questions choosing at least one
from each unit. Unit V will be compulsory and that will be of 22 marks. Unit V of the question
paper will be based on Unit V of the syllabus. Remaining four questions will be of 17 marks each.

UNIT-I

1. Definition with full explanation of the following :

Sthai, Antra, Krintan, Badhat, Jod-Alap, Lag Daant, Jugalbandi, Layakaries (Adi, Kuadi, Biadi),
Ghaseet, Meend, Kan, Khatka, Murki, Kalavant, Vaggeykar.

UNIT-II

1. Concept of Aesthetics in Music.
2. Definition and Principles of Aesthetics of Music and its Importance.

UNIT-III

1. Topics of Essay :
(i) Music and Fine Art.
(ii) Modern Methods of Teaching Music.
(iii) Sangeet Sammelan.
(iv) Role of Music in National Integration.
(v) Lok Sangeet.

UNIT-IV

1. Knowledge of musical aptitude and musical talent.
2. Knowledge of good qualities of a music performer (Vocalist or an instrumentalist)

UNIT-V

1. Description of Detailed & Non-detailed Ragas :
Detailed Raga :
(i) Marwa.
(ii) Madhmad Sarang.
(iii) Patdeep.
(iv) Mian Ki Malhar.
(v) Poorvi

Non-detailed Ragas :
(i) Sohni.
(ii) Megh.
(iii) Tilang

2. Notation of Khayals, Dhrupad and Dhamar in ragas prescribed for B.A. (Honours) III Years course.

Paper-IV : Stage Performance
Total Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Time : 45 minutes

Part-A : Stage Performance (Choice) 45 Marks

(a) A candidate has to demonstrate in the Raga of his/her choice with detailed elaboration :
(i) Vilambit Khayal : 15 marks
= 25 marks
(ii) A Drut Khayal : 10 marks
OR
(i) A Vilambit Gat : 15 marks
= 25 marks
(ii) A Drut Gat : 10 marks


(b) One Dhamar in Gayaki Ang : 10 marks
OR = 10 marks
One Drut Gat in Ek-Tal : 10 marks

(c) Gazal, Geet, Bhajan, Shabad : 5 marks
OR = 5 marks
One Dhun on Instrument : 5 marks

(d) Tuning of the Instrument : = 5 marks

Part-B : Practical (Viva) 45 Marks

(FOR VOCAL MUSIC)

(a) Two Vilambit Khayals in any two of the prescribed Ragas with proper Gayaki.
(b) One Drut Khayal with proper Gayaki in each of the prescribed ragas.

(FOR INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC)

(a) Two Vilambit Gats in any two of the prescribed Ragas with elaboration and style.
(b) One Drut Gat with Alap, Jod, Toras and Jhala in each of the prescribed ragas.
(c) Critical study of the Ragas prescribed for Practical exam.

List of Detailed Ragas and Talas :

Ragas : Marwa, Madhumad Sarang, Patdeep, Mian-Ki-Malhar and Poorvi
Non-Detailed Ragas : Megh, Tilang, Sohni.

Talas : Tivra, Sultal, Tilwada, Ada-Chautal and Deepchandi, Demonstration both by hands and
. by playing on Tabla.

Note : The examiner can ask comparative study of detailed and non-detailed ragas.

-------------------------


HOME SCIENCE

The syllabus of Home Science for B.A./B.Sc. (Honours) Third year has been
KEPT IN ABEYANCE.


PHYSICS

Note : There will be following two papers :

Paper-III : Digital Electronics and Material Science 100 : Marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

Paper-IV : Practicals 100 : Marks

Note : The paper will consist of three sections :

Section A : 4 Questions
Section B : 4 Questions
Section C : 1 Question

Contents of Section A and B are indicated in the syllabus for the paper. Section C will consist of one
question carrying 10 parts of short answer type covering the whole syllabus. The candidate will attempt the
compulsory question and two questions each from Sections A and B, five questions in all. All questions
carry equal marks.

PAPER-III : Digital Electronics and Material Science

Section A : Digital Electronics

1. Number Systems :
Binary, Hexadecimal and octal number systems, Interconversions and arithmatic operations, Binary
fractions and negative binary numbers, floating point representations. Problems 2.1 to 2.37 of
Reference 1.

2. Binary Codes :
BCD 8421. XS3, Gray codes, Error detecting and correcting codes : Problems 3.1 to 3.18 of
Reference 1.

3. Boolean Algebra :
AND, OR, NOT, Exclusive OR operations, Boolean identities, De-Morgans theorem and
simplification of Boolean functions, NAND, NOR Gates, Negative Logic Problems 4.8 to 4.11, 4.17
to 4.26 of Reference 1.

4. Logic Hardware :
Diode, BJT, FET, Switching devices, Logic specifications, Logic families and their performance.

5. Combinational Logic :
Minterms and Maxterms, Mapping POS, SOP forms, Examples Decoders, Code convertors, full
adders. Problems 6.1 to 6.20 of Reference 1.


Reference Books

1. Digital Electronics : An Introduction to Theory and Practice by W.H. Gothmann, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd.

2. Introduction to Digital Electronics by Dr. Mohinder Singh, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

Section B : Material Science

1. Magnetic Materials :
Classification, Dia and para magnetism, Ferro and ferrimagnetism, Two-sublattice models.
Ferrimagnetic materials. Exchange interaction in magnetic materials, Magnetic anisotropy and
magnetic-striction, magnetic domainorigin, size and hysteresis, Hard and Soft magnetic materials,
Applications of permanent magnets. Ferrites for microwave application. Magnetic bubbles. (13.1,
13.2, (3.2.1) 13.3 13.9 of Book).

II. Dielectric Materials :
Dielectric constant and polarizability Electronic, Ionic and dipolar polarizabilities, Frequency
dependence of polarizability, Dielectric loss, Insulating materials, Ferroelectrics, Piezoelectrics,
Electrets, Measurement of dielectric properties, Applications (14.1 14.8 of Book).

III. Polymers :
Classification Structure Property correlation, Molecular weight, Crystallinity in polymers,
Mechanical properties, Applications (16.1 16.6 of Book).

IV. Materials for Nuclear Engineering :
Nuclear fission, Nuclear reaction cross-section, Types of nuclear reactors, Nuclear fuel, uranium
enrichment fuel elements. Fuel cladding, Moderators, Control materials, Coolants, Shielding
materials (17.2 17.11 of Book).

V. Some Techniques for Material Studies :
Optical microscopy, Electron microscope Chemical Analysis using atomic absorption spectroscopy,
Photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and Auger processes (20.1 20.4 of Book).

Book :
Science of Engineering Materials, C.M. Srivastava and C. Srinivasan (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi,
1991).

PAPER IV : Physics Practicals
Any Ten of the following experiments :
1. Study of amplitude response of a forced oscillator to the damping.

2. Study of coupling factor between two pendulums in its dependence on coupling mass and distance of
coupling threads from the axis of oscillation.

3. Viscosity of air by rotating cylinder method.

4. Determination of Stefans constant.

5. Bi-prism-determination of wavelength and thickness of a thin transparent sheet.

6. Verification of Fresnels laws of reflection.

7. Fresnels diffraction at a single slit using laser beam.

8. Characteristics of given voltage doubler and tripler.

9. Conductivity of a semi conductor using four-probe method.

10. Hall effect.

11. G.M. Counter Statistical fluctuations.

12. Characteristics of lc. 555.

13. Stray capacitance of a coil.

14. To verify that the power dissipation in the side bands is directly proportional to the square of the
modulated power.

15. To study various biasing circuits for transistor.

16. To verify Boolean identities.

--------------------


CHEMISTRY

B.Sc. (HONOURS) THIRD YEAR EXAMINATION, 2012

Outlines of Tests

Marks

Lecture Hours Theory Internal Assessment

Paper III : Inorganic Chemistry 40 90 10

Paper IV : Physical Chemistry 40 90 10

Paper III : INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Total Marks : 100
Theory : 90
Total Lectures : 40

OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE :
To teach the fundamental concept of Chemistry and their applications, the syllabus pertaining to B.Sc.
(Honours) in the subject of Chemistry has been upgraded as per provision of the UGC module and demand
of the academic environment. The course contents have been revised from time to time as per suggestions
of the teachers of the Chemistry working in the Panjab University, Chandigarh and affiliated colleges. The
syllabus contents are duly arranged unit wise and contents are included in such a manner so that due
importance is given to requisite intellectual and laboratory skills.

UNIT-I

1. Inorganic Chains, Rings and Cages : (10 lectures)

(a) Chains : Catenation including heterocatenation, silicate minerals, intercalation, One
dimensional sulphur-nitrogen conductor.

(b) Rings : Borazines, phosphazenes and phosphazene polymers.

(c) Cages : Simple cage molecules; Phosphorusoxygen and phosphorus-sulphur cages;
introduction to carboranes and metallocarboranes.

UNIT-II

2. Organometallics : (10 lectures)

Formation and reactions (i) carbonylate ions (ii) metal-carbonyl hydrides & (iii) metal carbonyl
halides.

Transition metal-carbon multiple bonds : Chemistry of :

Alkylidene Complexes.

Alkylidyne complexes including bridged molecules.

Metallocumulenes.

UNIT-III

(10 lectures)

Complexes of aromatic systems with transition metals. M.O. description of bonding in Ferrocene.

Study of coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition, and insertion reactions in Organometallics.

Phenomenon of Fluxionality in Organometallics and its characterization.

UNIT-IV

3. Reaction Mechanism : (10 lectures)

Nature and classification of lignad substitution reactions, application of V.B. & C.F. theories to
predict the substitution reactions. Mechanism of ligand replacement reactions, substitution in
octahedral complexes acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, acid-catalysed, acid hydrolysis and acid
hydrolysis for chelates. Substitution in square planar complexes. The trans-effect & its Synthetic
applications, M.O. theories and trans-effects. Electron transfer reactions & their mechanism.
Molecular rearrangements, mechanistic pathways of substitution.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTERS AND CANDIDATES :

(i) Examiner will set total of Nine questions comprising Two questions from each unit and One
compulsory question of short answer type covering whole syllabi.

(ii) The students are required to attempt Five questions in all, One question from each unit and the
Compulsory question.

(iii) All questions carry equal marks.

Suggested Books:

1. Cotton, F.A., G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry; 6
th
edition Pubs: John Wiley & Sons,
1999.

2. Basolo, F., Pearson, R.G., Inorganic Reactions; Reprint 2
nd
edition, Pubs: Wiley-Eastern, 1977.

3. Greenwood, N.N., Earnshaw, A., Chemistry of Elements; 1
st
edition, Pubs: Pergamon Press, 1984.

4. Huyer, J.E., Keiter, E.A., Keiter, R.L., Inorganic Chemistry-Principles of Structure and Reactivity;
4
th
edition, Pubs: Pearson Education India, 1993.


Paper IV: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Total Marks : 100
Theory : 90
Total Lectures : 40

OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE :

To teach the fundamental concept of Chemistry and their applications, the syllabus pertaining to B.Sc.
(Honours) in the subject of Chemistry has been upgraded as per provision of the UGC module and demand
of the academic environment. The course contents have been revised from time to time as per suggestions
of the teachers of the Chemistry working in the Panjab University, Chandigarh and affiliated colleges. The
syllabus contents are duly arranged unit wise and contents are included in such a manner so that due
importance is given to requisite intellectual and laboratory skills.

UNIT-I

1. Transport Properties :

(10 Lectures)
Recapitulation of Collision Properties of gases such as collision cross section, collision diameter,
collision number, collision frequency and mean free path.

Meaning of transport, Properties of gases, Flux, General equation of transport. Thermal
conductivity, Kinetic theory of thermal conductivity (derivation of the expression).

Viscosity of gases, kinetic theory of gas viscosity (derivation of the expression). Measurement of
gas viscosity, Diffusion Coefficient. Kinetic theory of diffusion in gases (derivation of the
expression).

Diffusion in liquids, theory of diffusion in liquids, diffusion in solutions, laws of diffusion.

UNIT-II

2. Dynamic Electro-Chemistry :

(5 Lectures)
Processes at electrodes. The electric double layer (Gouy-Chapman, Helmholtz and Stern models
qualitative ideas. The potential difference, Rate of charge transfer, Bulter Volmer equation, Tafel
plot, Overpotential Polarisation, Polarography, Fuel cells, Corrosion, Inhibition of Corrosion.

Surface Chemistry :

(5 Lectures)
Interfacial region, types of interfaces, surface tension, thermodynamics of surfaces, plane interface,
curved surfaces, Laplace and Kelvin equations including their derivation.

Gibbs Adsorption Equation and its Thermodynamic derivation, Wetting and adhesion in solid-liquid
systems, contact angle, Capillary rise and surface tension. Surface Films on liquids.


UNIT-III

3. Colloids :

(10 Lectures)
The colloidal state; preparation of colloidal solutions, Methods of purification of colloidal systems,
dialysis, electro-dialysis, filtration, Ultra-filtration. Classification of colloidal systems, their typical
properties with special reference to optical properties (Tyndall effect). The Brownian movement.
Electrokinetic phenomena, Stabilization of colloidal systems and theories of stability; zeta potential,
Coagulation, Flocculation of colloids by electrolytes and its mechanism. Association Colloids,
Micellar system, Emulsions and their types, HLB value of emulsifiers, Introduction to
microemulsions.

UNIT-IV

4. Quantum Chemistry :

(10 Lectures)
ATOMS : Schrodinger equation for multi-electron atoms, Need for approximate Solutions. Basic
ideas of the Variation theorem and the Perturbation methods. Self-Consistent Field methods (Hertree
and Hertree-Fock) - Elementary treatment only. Indistinguishability of Electrons. Pauli exclusion
principle, two electron spin functions; Slater determinants and Pauli principle. New Atomic term
symbols. Spin-orbit coupling (Total orbital momentum, multiplicity, total angular momentum)
vector model of atom, Hund's rules, atomic spectra and Selection rules.

Molecules :

Schrodinger equation for molecules, Born-Oppenheimer approximation.Valence bond theory and
Molecular Orbital theory as two approaches for approximate solution of Schrodinger equation
LCAO-MO treatments of H
2
and Valence bond treatment of H
2
(complete solutions not required.
Only wave functions to be discussed) Comparison of MO and VB treatments. Brief Introduction to
the electronic structure for polyatomic molecules. Metals, Insulators and Semiconductors. Band
Theory of Solids (elementary discussion).

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTERS AND CANDIDATES :

(i) Examiner will set total of Nine questions comprising Two questions from each unit and One
compulsory question of short answer type covering whole syllabi.

(ii) The students are required to attempt Five questions in all, One question from each unit and the
Compulsory question.

(iii) All questions carry equal marks.

Suggested Books :

1. Atkins, P.W., Physical Chemistry; 8
th
edition, Pubs: Oxford University Press, 2008.


2. Levine, I.N., Physical Chemistry, 3
rd
edition, Pubs: Prentice Hall International Inc., 2000.

3. Pruton, Maron, Principles of Physical Chemistry; 4
th
edition, Pubs: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
Pvt. Ltd., 1972.

4. Chandra, A.K., Introductory Quantum Chemistry; 4
th
edition, Pubs: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Ltd.

5. Moore, W.J., Basic Physical Chemistry; 1
st
edition, Pubs: Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1986.

6. Albert, R.A., Physical Chemistry; 1
st
edition, Pubs: John-Wiley & Sons, 1992.

----------------------


BOTANY

B.Sc. (HONOURS) THIRD YEAR EXAMINATION, 2012

Theory Int.
Assess.
Total Practical Int.
Assess.

Total
Theory Paper-A : Biology of
Cryptogams, Seed
Plants, Microbiology
and Plant Pathology

68 + 7 75 22.5 + 2.5 25
Theory Paper-B : Genetics and Plant
Breeding,
Biochemistry,
Molecular Biology
and Biotechnology,
Systematic of
Angiosperms and
Environmental
Biology

68 + 7 75 22.5 + 2.5 25
Total : 150 50

Note : 1. The number of teaching hours for theory and practical per session shall be 120 hrs. and 200
hrs. respectively.

2. There will be a total of nine questions in each theory papers A & B. Question No. 1 will be
compulsory and will consist of 20 parts (one mark each) comprising 10 MCQ and the rest
10 parts will be of fill-in the blanks covering the entire syllabus in both the theory papers A
& B. The remaining 8 questions in A & B shall include two questions from each unit.
Candidates shall be required to attempt one question from each Unit. Question No. 1 will
carry 20 marks and the rest of 8 questions will be of 12 marks each.

PAPER-I : BIOLOGY OF CRYPTOGAMS; SEED PLANTS, MICROBIOLOGY & PLANT
PATHOLOGY

Max. Marks : 75
Theory : 68

Objective : The basic objective of this paper is to make the students understand the diversity in various life
forms of plant kingdom so as to have knowledge about evolution of simpler forms to complex ones.
Simultaneously, it also aims to make students familiar with the systematic position of micro-organisms,
their ultrastructure, classification and industrial application. It also deals with the important aspect of plant
diseases, their pathogens and disease managements.

Teaching Methodology : Teaching methodology includes series of lectures, making use of charts,
transparencies, LCD, Models, slides, practical demonstrations, extension lectures from experts, field visits,
discussions, quiz competitions etc. In practicals, students would be provided with fresh/preserved materials
for their morphological and anatomical studies making use of microscopes and binoculars and hands-on
tools/equipment etc.

UNIT-I

BIOLOGY OF CRYPTOGAMS

Algae : Occurrence and distribution; thallus organization and evolutionary tendencies; ultrastructure of
algal cell; criteria for classification and typical life histories of algae belonging to various classes; role of
algae in human welfare.

Fungi : Occurrence and distribution; ultrastructure of fungal cell, cell wall composition, modern concepts
in the classification of fungi; nutrition, reproduction, life histories of main groups of fungi; types of fungal
spores and mode of their liberation; role of fungi in human welfare.

Bryophytes : Comparative account of morphology, anatomy and reproduction in Riccia, Marchantia,
Anthoceros, Funaria; evolution of sporophyte and gametophyte; classification, ecological aspects and
economic importance.

Pteridophytes : The primary vascular plants; classification, comparative account of morphology, anatomy
and reproduction in Rhynia, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Equisetum, Marsilea, Pteris, Telome theory; Stelar
evolution; heterospory and seed habit.


1. Bold, H.C., Alexopoulos, C.J. and Delevoryas, T., Morphology of Plant and Fungi (4
th
Edition),
Harper and Foul Co., New York, 1980.

2. Dube, H.C., An Introduction to Fungi, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 1990.

3. Glifford, E.M. and Foster, A.S., Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants, W.H. Freeman &
Co., New York, 1989.

4. Glibert, M.S., Cryptogamic Botany, Vol. I & II (2
nd
Edition), Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.,
New Delhi, 1985.

5. Kumar, H.D., Introductory Phycology, Affiliated East-West Press Ltd., New York, 1988.

6. Puri, P., Bryophytes, Atmaram & Sons, Delhi, 1985.

7. Rangaswamy, G. and Mahadevan, A., Diseases of Crop Plants in India, Prentice Hall India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.

8. Wilson, N.S. and Rothwell, G.W., Palaeobotany and the Evolution of Plants (2
nd
Edition).
Cambridge University Press, U.K., 1993.

UNIT-II

SEED PLANTS :
Phanerogams, the seed bearing plants : General characteristics and types.
Gymnosperms : General characters, ontogeny and structure of seed; the ovule and megasporogenesis,
female gametophyte; pollination, formation of pollen tubes and fertilization; embryogeny and maturation of
seed.

The Living Cycads : Distribution; vegetative organography and anatomy; reproductive cycle
sporophytes and sporangia, gametophytes, fertilization, embryogeny and seed development.

The Coniferales : General organography and anatomy; foliage leaves; storbilli and sporangia; reproductive
cycle-sporogenesis, gametophytes, fertilization, embryogeny and seed development.

The Gnetales : Habit and distribution; vegetative organography and anatomy; reproductive cycle the
strobilli, sporogenesis, male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization and embryogeny.

Angiosperms : Organography and anatomy; leaf morphology, histology and venation; nodal and wood
anatomy; general concepts of floral anatomy.

Alternatives for Reproduction : Vegetative and sexual reproduction; transition from vegetative to
reproductive development.

Flower : Evolution, concept of flower as a modified determinate shoot; genetic control of floral organs;
functions of flower.

Structure of Anther : Microsporogenesis : Formation of pollen grains (male gametophyte); pollen
germination; pollen tube growth.

Structure of Pistil : Ovules; megasporogenesis; development of embryo sac (female gametophyte).

Mechanisms and Agencies of Pollination : Pollen-stigma interaction; self-incompatibility, double
fertilization, apomixis.

Seed and Fruit : Development of endosperm and embryo in monocotyledons and dicotyledons; storage of
reserve materials and desiccation in seeds; dormancy and seed germination; fruit maturation; ripening and
dispersal.


1. Cronquist, A., The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants, Thomas Nelson (Printers)
Ltd., London and Edinburgh, 1968.

2. Delevoryas, Th. Plant Diversification, Modern Biology Series, Halt, Rinehart and Wintson, New
York, 1965.


3. Foster, A.S. and Gifford, A.E.M., Jr., The Comparative Morphology of Vascular Platns, Vakils,
Peffer and Simons Pvt. Ltd., 1967.

4. Sporne, K.R., The Morphology of Angiosperms, B.I. Publications, Bombay, 1977.

5. Bhojwani, S.S. and Bhatnagar, S.P., The Embryology of Angiosperms, 4
th
revised and enlarged
edition, Vikas Publishing House, Delhi, 2000.

6. Johri, B.M., Embryology of Angiosperms, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984.

7. Raghvan, V., Molecular Embryology of Flowering Plants, Cambridge University Press, New York,
1997.

UNIT-III

MICROBIOLOGY :

Discovery of Microorganisms : Systematic position of microorganisms in biological world; classification
of microorganisms and characteristic features of different groups.

Methods of Microbiology : Basic principles of microscopy, micrometry, staining sterilization methods,
culture media, pure culture methods, methods of population estimation, growth determination.

Ultrastructure of Microorganisms : Prokaryotic microorganisms; fine structure of prokaryotic cell;
eukaryotic microorganisms; virusesproperties and classification; characteristic features of host-virus
interaction; bacteriophage T4; tobacco mosaic virus; general account of mycoplasma and actinomycetes.

Genetic Recombination in Prokaryotes : Conjugation, transformation and transduction.

Role of Microorganisms in Biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen and carbon; Biological N
2
fixation.

Industrial Application of Microorganisms : Organic acids, alcohol, food processing, milk products,
antibiotics, biopesticides.

UNIT-IV

PLANT PATHOLOGY :

General Account of Plant Pathogens : Historical developments; general account of diseases caused by
plant pathogens.

Major Diseases of Plants and their Control : Blast and brown spot of rice, rust and smuts of wheat,
downy mildew and green ear disease of bajra, white rust of crucifers, late blight of potato, wilt of pigeon
pea, damping off seedlings of tomato/mustard/chillies, Tikka or leaf spot of groundnut, citrus die back,
powdery mildews of cucurbits and grapes, red rot of sugarcane.

Pathogen Attack and Defense Mechanisms : Physical, physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects.

Plant Disease Epidemology : Transmission and spread of plant pathogens; disease cycles, epidemics;
modelling and disease forecasting.

Plant Disease Management : Chemical, biological; IPM systems; development of transgenics;
biopesticides; plant disease clinics.

Genetics of Resistance and Susceptibility : Genes for virulence and avirulence, their application in
resistance and susceptibility: induced resistance (immunization).

Molecular Plant Pathology : Molecular diagnosis; identification of genes and specific molecules in
disease development; molecular manipulation of resistance.

Application of Information Technology in Plant Pathology : Simulation of epidemics; programmes for
diagnosis; remote sensing and image analysis for ecosystem level effects; prediction of disease control
decisions.


1. Agrios, G.N., Plant Pathology, Academic Press, London, 1997.

2. Albajes, R. Gullino, M.L., Van Lenteren, J.C. and Elad, Y., Integrated Pest and Disease
Management in Green House Crops, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

3. Bridge, P. et al., Molecular Variability of Fungal Pathogens, CAB International, UK, 1998.

4. Bridge, P. et al., Application of PCR in Mycology, CAB International, UK, 1999.

5. Bridge, P., Moore, D.R. and Scott, P.R., Informational Technology, Plant Pathology and
Biodiversity, CAB International, UK, 1998.

6. Clifton, A., Introduction to the Bacteria, McGraw Hill Co., New York, 1958.

7. Mandahar, C.L., Introduction to Plant Viruses, Chand & Co. Ltd., Delhi, 1998.

8. Persley, G.J., Biotechnologies and Integrated Pest Management, CAB International, UK, 1996.

9. Skerritt, J.H. and Apples, R., New Diagnostics in Crop Sciences, CAB International, UK, 1995.

Teachers may collect plants/material available in their locality/institution.

Max. Marks : 25
Practical : 22.5
Int. assessment : 2.5

Suggested Laboratory Exercises (Biology of Cryptogams) :

1. Comparative study of algal genera with reference to the classes mentioned in theory.

2. Comparative study of fungal genera with reference to the classes mentioned in theory.

3. Fungal diseases: White rust of crucifers, downy mildew of pearl millet, green ear disease of bajra,
powdery mildew, rust of wheat and sorghum, Tikka or leaf spot disease of ground nut, red rot of
sugar cane.

4. Section cutting of fungal diseased specimens and preparation of lactophenol mounts.

5. Comparative study of morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures in Marchantia, Anthoceros
and Funaria.

Suggested Laboratory Exercises (Seed Plants) :

1. Comparative anatomical structure of stem/wood of Cycadales, Coniferales, Ginkgoales,
Ephedrales, Gnetales and angiosperms, from sections and macerations.

2. Comparative structure of leaf, leaf appendages, venation and stomata of gymnosperms and
angiosperms.

3. Comparative structure of the male and female cones of Cycads, Conifers, Ginkgoales (Wherever
available) and Ephedrales and flowers of Ranales and Magnoliales.

4. Diversity in pollen grain structure among Cycads, Conifers, Ephedrales and angiosperms with
respect to size, exine sculpturing, germpore number, number of constituent cells and any other
features.

5. Microsporogenesis and male gametophyte development in angiosperms through microtome
sectioning and acetocarmine squash technique.

6. Pollen grain germination by hanging-drop and sitting-drop techniques in Impatiens, Catharanthus
roseus (= Vinca rosea ) or any other suitable material.

7. Diversity in the structure of stigma, style, stigmatic papillae and transmitting tissue of style.

8. Comparison of mating types in species exhibiting heteromorphic self-incompatibility Hamelia
patens, Pentas or any other suitable material.

9. Studies on gametophytic and sporophytic self-incompatibility in Petunia.

10. Microdissection of embryo with suspensor at different stages of development to unravel
relationship between the two.

11. Microdissection of endosperm with different types of haustoria.


Suggested Laboratory Exercises (Microbiology) :

1. Calibration of microscope: determination of dimensions of microorganisms (suggested model
organisms: yeast, lactobacilli, cyanobacteria).

2. Cultivation media for autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms (cleaning of glasswares,
mineral media, complex media, solid media, sterilization) (based on topic 3).

3. Isolation of microorganisms : Streaking on agar plates/pour plate method, isolation of clones,
preservation (based on topic 2 and 3).

4. Determination of growth of a microorganism (model organism : Escherichia coli, effects of
nutrients, e.g. glucose, fructose, sucrose; principle of colorimetry/spectrocolorimeter) (based on
topic 3).

5. Determination of microbial population size (suggested model organism: yeast; use of
haemocytomter, serial dilution technique, relationship between dilution and cell count,
determination of standard error, reliability in cell counts) (based on topic 3).

6. Preparation of Winogradsky column using pond bottom mud, observations on temporal sequence
of appearance of microbes. (visual appearance, microscopic observations) (based on topic 7).

7. Observation on virus infected plants (symptoms) (based on topic 5).

8. Fermentation by yeast (inverted tube method, use of different substrates, e.g. glucose, fructose,
cane sugar, starch) (based on topic 8).

Suggested Laboratory Exercises (Plant Pathology) :

1. Study of important plant pathogens (symptoms and host parasite relationship).

2. Isolation and culture of plant pathogens (e.g. Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Alternaria) and
establishment of Kochs postulates and their pathogenicity.

3. Effect of pathogens on physiology of a host.

4. Isolation of cellulose from diseased plants.

5. Isolation of pectolytic enzymes from diseased plants.

6. Study on antagonism between isolated antagonists and plant pathogens and test of biological
control.

7. Demonstration of antibiosis using a bacterial culture and known antibiotics.

8. Demonstration of the assay of prohibitins (phytoalexins).

9. Demonstration of biopesticides (essential oils, neem, turmeric and garlic) against some pathogens.

Paper-B : GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING; BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMATIC OF ANGIOSPERMS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

Max. Marks : 75
Theory : 68

Note : 1. The number of teaching hours for theory and practical per session shall be 120 hrs. and 200
hrs. respectively.

2. There will be a total of nine questions in each theory papers A & B. Question No. 1 will be
compulsory and will consist of 20 parts (one mark each) comprising 10 MCQ and the rest
10 parts will be of fill-in the blanks covering the entire syllabus in both the theory papers A
& B. The remaining 8 questions in papers A & B shall include two questions from each
unit. Candidates shall be required to attempt one question from each Unit. Question No. 1
will carry 20 marks and the rest of 8 questions will be of 12 marks each.

Objective : This paper deals with taxonomy and species concept which makes the basis for further
advanced study in Botany as without having a knowledge of identification, nomenclature and classification
no research work can be pursued. Besides a knowledge of molecular and cellular basis would enable the
students to understand the hereditary and evolutionary trends in the plant Kingdom. This paper also
provides a brief knowledge about inter-relations of plants and environment as well as various
environmental problems like Global Warming, ozone depletion, thermal and radioactive pollution,
prevention and control of pollution along with role of national and international organizations in
environmental management.

Teaching Methodology : Teaching methodology includes series of lectures, making use of charts,
transparencies, LCD, Models, slides, practical demonstrations, extension lectures from experts, field visits,
discussions, quiz competitions etc. In practicals, students would be provided with fresh/preserved materials
for their morphological and anatomical studies making use of microscopes and binoculars and hands-on
tools/equipment etc.

UNIT-I

GENETICS :

Mendels Experiments and Principles of Inheritance : Backcross and test cross; gene interactions and
modified dihybrid ratiosComplementary, supplementary, duplicate and epistatic factors.

Multiple Allelism : Multiple alleles in Drosophila (eye colour), man (blood groups) and plants (self
incompatibility).


Quantitative Genetics : Quantitative traits and quantitative genetics; the multiple factor hypothesis;
descriptive statistics.

Linkage and Recombination : Coupling and repulsion phases; two and three point test crosses with their
significance in chromosome mapping; interference and co-efficient of coincidence.

Sex Chromosomes in Drosophila, Man and Melandrium : Balance concept of sex determination in
Drosophila; mechanisms of sex determination; sex-linked inheritance in Drosophila and man; sex limited
characters.

Maternal Influence on Inheritance : Shell coiling in snails and Kappa particles in Paramecium;
cytoplasmic inheritance in yeast (mitochondria) and Mirabilis Jalapa (plastids).

Alterations in the Genetic Make up changes at Genetic Level : Spontaneous and induced mutations;
mutagenstypes and mode of action; transitions, transversions and frame-shift mutations; detection of
mutations.

Alterations in Genetic Make up changes in Chromosome Structure : Origin, types and effects of
duplications, deletions, inversions and translocations; meiosis in structural heterozygotes.

Alterations in Genetic make up changes in Chromosome Number : Origin, types and effects of auto
and allopolyploidy; origin and meiosis in nullisomics, monosomics and trisomics.

PLANT BREEDING :
Types of Plant Reproduction : Vegetative, sexual and apomixis; their effects on generating and fixing
genotypic variation.

Methods of Plant Improvement : Pure line and mass selection; hybridization in self and cross pollinated
crops; introduction and acclimatization; hybrid vigour.

Mutations and polyploidy as methods of plant improvement.


1. Atherly, A.G., Girton, J.R. and McDonald, The Science of Genetics, Saunders College Publishing
Co., Fort Worth, USA, 1999.

2. Gardener, J., Simmons, H.J. and Snustad, D.P., Principles of Genetics (8
th
Edition), John Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1991.

3. Gupta, P.K., Genetics, Rastogi Publications, Shivaji Road, Meerut, 1994.

4. Gupta, P.K., Cytogenetics, Rastogi Publications, Shivaji Road, Meerut, 1995.

5. Hartl, D.L. and Jones, E.W., Genetics: Principles and Analysis (4
th
Edition), Jones & Batlett
Publishers,. Massachusetts, USA, 1998.

6. Poehlmann, J.M. and Sleeper, D.R., Breeding Field Crops, Panima Publishing House, New Delhi,
1995.

7. Russel, P.J., Genetics (5
th
Edition), The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc., USA, 1998.

8. Simmonds, N.W., Principles of Crop Improvement, Longman, London and New York, 1979.

9. Snustad, D.P. and Simmons, M.J., Principles of Genetics (2
nd
Edition), John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
USA, 2000.

10. Sharma, J.R., Principles and Practice of Plant Breeding, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.,
New Delhi, 1994.

UNIT-II

BIOCHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY :
Nucleic Acids : Composition of nucleic acids and synthesis of nucleotides; DNA structure; A, B and Z
forms of DNA; denaturation and renaturation of DNA; chromatin structure; DNA replication and
recombination; DNA polymerases; different forms of RNA and their role.

Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism : Structure, characteristics and classification of amino acids; protein
and non-protein amino acids; amino acid biosynthesis; GS/GOGAT cycle; transamination; peptide bond
and polypeptide chain; primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins; protein
biosynthesis and its regulation; post-translational modification of proteins; protein targeting; protein
degradation.

Carbohydrate Metabolism : Classification; structure of some representatives examples of
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides; stereoisomers, enantiomers and epimers; biosynthesis
and degradation of sucrose and starch.

Lipid Metabolism : Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; fatty acid biosynthesis; oxidation of fatty acids;
storage and mobilization of fatty acids and lipids.

Gene Structure, Expression and Regulation : Gene organization in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; operon
concept; gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; inducible, repressible, positive and negative gene
regulation; interrupted genes in eukaryotes; RNA splicing; mRNA stability.

Recombinant DNA Technology : Restriction endonucleases : Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cloning vectors;
genomic and cDNA libraries; southern and northern analysis; various techniques of gene mapping and
DNA fingerprinting (RFLP, RAPD, AFLP); chromosome walking; polymerase chain reaction; DNA
sequencing.

Plant Biotechnology : Cellular differentiation and totipotency; organogenesis and embryogenesis;
protoplast isolation and culture; somatic hybridization; clonal propagation; genetic engineering of plants;
vectors for gene delivery; selectable markers and reporter genes; methods of gene delivery; agrobacterium
the natural genetic engineer; salient achievements in crop biotechnology (with suitable examples) and
prospects.



1. Alberts, B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K. and Watson, J.D., Molecular Biology of Cell,
Garland Publishing Co. Inc., New York, USA, 1999.

2. Bhojwani, S.S., Plant Tissue Culture: Applications and Limitations, Elsevier Science Publishers,
New York, USA, 1990.

3. Buchanan, B.B., Gruissem, W. and Jones, R.L., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants,
American Society of Plant Physiologists, Maryland, USA, 2000.

4. Collins, H.A., and Edwards, S., Plants Cell Culture, Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK, 1998.

5. Dennis, D.T., Turpin, D.H., Lefebvre, D.D. and Layzell, D.B. (eds.), Plant Metabolism (2
nd
Edition).
Longman, Essex, England, 1997.

6. Lea, P.J. and Leegood, R.C., Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2
nd
Edition), John Wiley
and Sons, Chichester, England, 1999.

7. Lodish, H., Berk, A., Zipursky, S.L., Matsudaira, P., Baltimore, D. and Darnell, J., Molecular Cell
Biology (4
th
Edition), W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, U.S.A., 2000.

8. Old, R.W. and Primrose, S.B., Principles of Gene Manipulation, Blackwell Scientific Publications,
Oxford, UK, 1989.

9. Raghavan, V., Embryogenesis in Angiosperms : A Developmental and Experimental Study,
Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 1986.

10. Vasil, I.K. and Thorpe, T.A., Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Kluwer Academic Publishers, the
Netherlands, 1994.

UNIT-III
ANGIOSPERMS SYSTEMATICS :

Introduction : Aims and components of systematics, introduction to identification, nomenclature,
phylogeny and classification.

Systematics in Practice : Importance of herbarium specimens and their preparation; role of herbaria and
botanical gardens; documentation (floras, monographs, manuals, journals, abstracts, indices and
dictionaries); keys for identification of plantssingle access and multi access; value of computers and
databases for identification.

Taxonomic Hierarchy : Taxonomic category, taxonomic groups; concepts of species, genus and family.

Botanical Nomenclature : Principles and rules; ranks and names; type method; principle of priority and its
limitations; names of hybrids and cultivars; concept of biocode.

Phylogeny of Angiosperms : A general account of the origin and evolution of angiosperms (special
reference to Bennettitalean, Gnetalean, Caytonialean and herbaceous origin theories); primitive living
angiosperms.

Systems of Classification : Bentham and Hookers system. Engler and Prantls system and Takhtajans
system.

Modern Taxonomy : Supporting evidences/inputs for taxonomy; taxonomy in relation to anatomy,
embryology, palynology, ecology, cytology (cytotaxonomy), secondary metabolites in plants
(chematoxonomy).

Numerical Taxonomy : Concepts, characters and attributes; OTUs coding; cluster analysis; cladistics.

UNIT-IV

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY :

Introduction : Inter-relationship between the living world and the environment; the components and
dynamism; homeostasis; relevance to man.

Earth as a System : The biosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere and the lithosphere; components
within biosphere (Biomes); parameters delimiting individual biomes.

The Environment : Soilgeneral account and adaptations; watergeneral account and adaptations; the
atmospheregeneral account and adaptations; the living worldbiotic component of environment; types
of biotic interactions; fire as an ecological factor.

Organismal Ecology/Biotic Components : Individuals, species, population communities and their
characteristics.

Ecosystems : Concepts of ecosystem; homeostasis; structure of ecosystem; functions of ecosystem;
transfer of energy and minerals via grazing and detritus chains and role of micro-organisms; cycles
(hydrologic, gaseous); role of humans in maintaining biogeochemical cycles.

Diversity of Ecosystem : Aquatic (fresh water); terrestrial (forest/grassland); man-made ecosystems.

Phytogeography : Introduction; endemism, static and dynamic plant geography; a short account of
vegetation of India.

Human Ecology and Ecological Management : The human population; renewable and non-renewable
natural resources and their management; conservation of biodiversity; endangered species; conventional
and non-conventional energy sources.


Impact of Human Activities : Pollution of air, water and soil; a brief account of environmental
toxicology; incidence of noise; thermal and radioactive pollution; prevention and control of pollution;
global warming, desertification and ozone depletion.

Role of National and International Organizations in Environmental Management : Formulation of
optimal models.

Bio-indicators.

Environmental Impact Assessment : A brief account.

Teachers may collect plants/material available in their locality/institution.

Max. Marks : 25
Practical : 22.5
Int. assessment : 2.5

Suggested Laboratory Exercises (Genetics and Plant Breeding) :

1. Determination of chromosome count from dividing pollen mother cells, root tips and pollen grains.

2. Preparation of karyotypes from diving root tip cells and pollen grains.

3. Determination of instraspecific variation in chromosome number from locally available taxa.

4. Study of sex chromosomes and their behaviour during meiosis from grasshopper and any
appropriate dioecious plant (e.g. Coccinia).

5. Detection of anomalies in chromosome pairing and disjunction caused by mutant genes and
structural alterations of chromosomes.

6. Preparation of chromosome maps from 3-point test cross data.

7. Identification of mutant phenotypes in Drosophila and Arabidospsis stocks maintained by the
Department.

8. Correlation of floral structure with pollination system (e.g. Salvia, Sesamum, pea, Lathyrus, wheat,
rice, maize).

9. Field exploration for detection of male sterile plants and estimation of their pollen fertility in locally
grown crop plants e.g. Sorghum, tomato and Linum.

10. Estimation of pollen ovule ratio and its bearing on pollination system.

11. Emasculation and bagging of flowers of Brassicaceae, Poaceae, Paplionaceae, Malvaceae and
Linaceae, pollinating them manually and estimating fruit and seed set.

Suggested Laboratory Exercises (Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology) :

1. Chemical tests to demonstrate the presence of starch, sugar, fat and protein in plant material.

2. To identify the amino acids in a mixture by resolving through paper chromatography or TLC.

3. To prepare the standard curve for protein and determine the protein content in unknown samples by
Biuret method.

4. Colorimetric estimation of RNA using orcinol.

5. Colorimetric estimation of DNA using diphenyl amine.

6. Isolation of plant genomic DNA and its spooling.

7. Isolation of total RNA from plant tissue and its colorimetric estimation.

8. Preparation of tissue culture media, sterilization and inoculation of plant material.

9. Demonstration of techniques of in vitro culture of various explants.

10. Isolation of plant protoplasts (e.g. Tobacco, Petunia) using enzymes available commercially and
estimation of their yield.

Note : In the practical classes, emphasis should be given on basic principles of spectro-photometry,
chromatography, electrophoresis and rDNA technology and related fundamentals.

Suggested Laboratory Exercises (Systematics of Angiosperms) :

Description of the locally available species of the following families & genera :

1. Ranunculaceae : Ranunculus, Delphinium.

2. Brassicaceae : Brassica, Iberis.

3. Capparidaceae : Capparis/Cleome.

4. Caryophyllaceae : Dianthus, Stellaria.

5. Rutaceae : Citrus, Murraya

6. Tiliaceae : Corchorus.

7. Fabaceae : Faboideae : Lathyrus, Melilotus, Caesalpinioideae : Cassia, Caesalpinia;
Mimosoideae : Mimosa, Acacia.

8. Myrtaceae : Callistemon, Eucalyptus.

9. Cucurbitaceae : Luffa.

10. Apiaceae : Coriandrum.

11. Rubiaceae : Hamelia/Mussaenda.

12. Asteraceae : Helianthus, Ageratum, Sonchus.

13. Apocyanaceae : Vinca, Nerium, Tabernaemontana.

14. Asclepiadaceae : Calotropis.

15. Solanaceae : Solanum, Petunia.

16. Acanthaceae : Adhatoda, Peristrophe.

17. Lamiaceae : Ocimum, Salvia.

18. Chenopodiaceae : Chenopodium.

19. Euphorbiaceae : Euphorbia, Phyllanthus.

20. Moraceae : Morus, Ficus.

21. Cannaceae : Canna.

22. Liliaceae : Asphodelus, Asparagus.

23. Commelianaceae : Tradescantia, Commelina.

24. Poaceae : Avena, Triticum.

Suggested Laboratory Exercises (Environmental Biology) :

1. Mechanical analysis of soils by sieve method.

2. Determination of soil porosity and density (sand and pit method).

3. Determination of water holding capacity and field capacity of soil.

4. Determination of permeability (capillarity and percolation) of different types of soils.

5. Titrimetric estimation of total carbonates of soil samples.

6. Quantitative determination of soil organic matter by Walklay and Blacks rapid titration method.

7. Determination of species area curve by minimal quadrat size.

8. Analysis of the herbaceous vegetation for frequency, density and abundance.

9. Study the height spectrum of herbaceous vegetation by line transect method.

10. Effect of tree canopy on the distribution of herbaceous vegetation.

11. Estimation of biomass of aerial parts of herbaceous plants (fresh weight and dry weight).

12. Analysis of different water samples for pH, oxygen, carbon-dioxide (titrimetric estimation), turbidity
and temperature.

13. Demonstration of desert and aquatic ecosystems with the help of models.

14. Field Visit : Students should be taken for field visits to places of ecological/environmental interest.
They should submit detailed report of the visit in the form of project report in the final practical
examination for evaluation. The report shall carry marks.

Note to teachers :

The students are to be familiarized with the families listed above in the practical classes with
representatives species or any other that may be available locally. However, questions pertaining to these
may be asked in the theory examinations.

--------------------


ZOOLOGY

B. Sc. (HONOURS) THIRD YEAR EXAMINATION, 2012

Paper-III : REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE

Max. Marks : 75
Theory : 67 marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

Note : Nine questions are to be set. Question No. 1 is compulsory consisting of short answer type
questions covering the whole syllabus. It will have 10 parts of 1 marks each. Two questions
are to be set from each unit. One question is to be attempted from each unit. In all, Five questions
are to be attempted including compulsory one. 50% of the questions are to be split up into 2-4
sub-parts.

UNIT-I

1. Physiology of Male Reproductive System :

(a) Structure and functions of testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate gland.
(b) Semen composition, sperm maturation and capacitation.

UNIT-II

2. Physiology of Female Reproductive System :
(a) Structure and functions of ovary, oviduct, uterus and vagina.
(b) Oestrous and menstural cycles.
(c) Fertilization, implantation, gestation, parturition and lactation.

UNIT-III

3. Neuro-Hormonal Regulation of Production :
(a) Gonadal hormones.
(b) Gonadotropic hormones.
(c) Hypothalamic factors.
(d) Structural behaviour.

UNIT-IV

4. Fertility Regulation :

(a) Contraception and modern contraceptive technology natural, mechanical, chemical
immunological and surgical methods and Fertilization in vitro (Test tube baby).

(b) Application of fertility regulation in live stock :
(i) Artificial insemination in farm animals.
(ii) Milk yield.
(iii) Egg production in poultry.

Books Recommended :

1. Milt, J. and Everitt, B.J., Essentials of Reproduction, Blackwell Scientific Publications,1985.

2. Genong, M., Reproduction, Saunders Intern. Publications, 1985.

3. Turner, C.P. and Bagnara, J.T., General Endocrinology, Saunders Intern. Publications, 1984.

4. Greep, R.O. and Astwood, E.B. (Eds.), Handbook of Physiology, Kluwer Academic/Plenum
Publishers, New York, 2002.

5. Balin, H. and Glasser, S. (Eds.), Reproductive Biology, Excerpta Media, 1972.

6. Guyton, A.S., Text Book of Medical Physiology, 7
th
Edition, Iquakushoinl/Saunders International,
Publications, 1994.

Paper-IV : AQUATIC BIOLOGY

Max. Marks : 75
Theory : 67 marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

Note : Nine questions are to be set. Question No. 1 is compulsory consisting of short answer type
questions covering the whole syllabus. It will have 10 parts of 1 marks each. Two questions
are to be set from each unit. One question is to be attempted from each unit. In all, Five questions
are to be attempted including compulsory one. 50% of the questions are to be split up into 2-4
sub-parts.

UNIT-I

1. Ecosystem : Study of ecosystem with particular reference to the components of aquatic ecosystem.
Food chains and food webs. Flow of energy in a food chain.

2. Physico-chemical characteristics of Freshwater Environment : Temperature, light, current of
water, density, pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients.

UNIT-II

3. Freshwater zonation in a lake and stream : Supralittoral, littoral, sublittoral, profundal & limnetic
zones of a lake. Pool zone and rapid zone of a stream.

4. Classification of freshwater habitats : Streams, ponds, lakes, marshes and swamps.

UNIT-III

5. Physico-chemical characteristics of marine environment.

6. Zonation in marine habitat : Pelagic and benthic zone and their flora and fauna.

UNIT-IV

7. Productivity : Concepts of productivity, primary, secondary and tertiary productivity, yield and
carrying capacity.

8. Ecological succession : Succession, kinds of succession, changes in animal life during hydrarch
concept of climax.

9. Adaptations of aquatic organisms.

Suggested Books :
1. Ruttner, F., Fundamentals of Limnology, University of Tronto Press, Tronto, 1975.

2. Reid, G.K., and Wood, R.D., Ecology of Inland Waters and Estuaries, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Publishing Co., New York, 1975.

3. Welch, P.S., Limnology, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York,1952.

4. Odum, E.P., Fundamentals of Ecology, Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 2004.

5. Jhingran, V.G., Fish & Fisheries of India, Hindustan Publications Corporation, Delhi, 1991.


Practicals :
Practicals based on both theory papers :
I Estimation of mitotic index/comparison of mitotic indices after a specific treatment by chemical or
drug (EDTA).

II Demonstration of male and female reproductive systems and their associated glands in rat/rabbit.

III Histology of testis, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle, ovary, uterus and vagina.

IV Study of permanent preparations of the vaginal smear of human menstrual cycle and rat/mice
oestrous cycle.

V Determination of the different phases of the oestrous cycle in living rat.

VI Study of mammalian sperm for sperm motility and sperm structure.

VII Determination of sperm count in a mammal with haemocytometer.

VIII Histological examination of placenta.

XI Study of components of lake ecosystem and grazing type of food chain.

X Physico-chemical characteristics of freshwater environment. Temperature, Light, turbidity, current
of water, density, pH, dissolved O
2
, CO
2
and nutrients.

XI Freshwater zonation in lake/stream and study of different communities (Plankton, nekton,
neuston, benthos and lotic communities).

XII Ecological succession in an aquatic habitat in the laboratory.

Scheme for Conduct of Practical Examination :

Max. Marks : 50
Practical : 45 marks

Note : 1. Practical will be of 4 hrs. duration.

2. The students will be required to submit in writing the principles, methods employed and
precautions to be observed wherever necessary within 1 hr. of the start of examination.

I Dissect and demonstrate the male/female reproductive system of rabbit/rat. Draw
a neat and labelled diagram and show it to the examiner.

(7)

II Determine the phase of oestrous cycle in the animal provided. Draw a neat and
labelled diagram and show it to the examiner.

(3)
III Determine the sperm count with haemocytometer in the animal provided. Write
the procedure followed.

(4)
IV Determine following physico-chemical factors in a given sample of fresh water.
Write the procedure followed.

(6)
V Record biota in a given sample from a lake. Make labelled, sketches and
demonstrate them to the examiner.

(4)
VI Examine the water sample for various communities from different zones of a
lake and draw labelled sketches.

(4)
VII Identify the specimens/slides A, B, C & D. Give reasons of the identification.

(1.5 4 = 6)
VIII Note book and charts.

(3+3 = 6)
IX Viva-Voce.

(5)

------------------------

Published by : Professor A.K. Bhandari, Registrar, Panjab University, Chandigarh.

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PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARH

(Estd. under the Panjab University Act VII of 1947

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