AUSGRID

NS178
Secondary System Requirements for Major Substations

APRIL 2008
Amendments included from NSAs 1473 May 08, 1480 Aug 08, 1498 Nov 08, 1515 Feb 09, 1555 Jan 2010 & 1602 Feb2011
SUMMARY Network Standard NS178 covers the planning and design requirements for secondary systems for subtransmission feeders, subtransmission substations and zone substations. ISSUE Ausgrid staff: This Standard is for issue to all staff, Accredited Service Providers and Alliance Partners staff involved with the design of Ausgrids major substations. Where this standard is issued as a controlled document replacing an earlier edition; remove and destroy the superseded document. Ausgrid maintains a copy of this and other Network Standards together with updates and amendments on www.ausgrid.com.au. Ausgrid also offers a subscription service which provides for updates and amendments to standards on payment of an annual fee. DISCLAIMER As Ausgrids standards are subject to ongoing review, the information contained in this document may be amended by Ausgrid at any time. It is possible that conflict may exist between standard documents. In this event, the most recent standard is to prevail. This document has been developed using information available from field and other sources and is suitable for most situations encountered in Ausgrid. Particular conditions, projects or localities may require special or different practices. It is the responsibility of the local manager, supervisor, assured quality contractor and the individuals involved to ensure that a safe system of work is employed and that statutory requirements are met. Ausgrid disclaims any and all liability to any person or persons for any procedure, process or any other thing done or not done, as a result of this Network Standard. INTERPRETATION If a user of this Standard considers that any of its provisions are uncertain, ambiguous or otherwise in need of interpretation, the user should contact Ausgrid to clarify the provision.
Network Standard NS178 Secondary System Requirements for Major Substations April 2008
CONTENTS
1 2 3 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 1 OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................... 2 PROTECTION SYSTEMS ........................................................................................... 3
3.1 Subtransmission Substations........................................................................... 3 3.2 132kV Feeders................................................................................................. 3 3.2.1 66kV Feeders ........................................................................................... 3 3.2.2 33kV Feeders ........................................................................................... 3 3.2.3 132kV/66kV and 132/33kV Transformers ................................................ 3 3.2.4 132kV Busbars ......................................................................................... 4 3.2.5 66kV Busbars ........................................................................................... 4 3.2.6 33kV Busbars ........................................................................................... 4 3.2.7 66kV and 33kV Capacitor Banks.............................................................. 4 3.2.8 Circuit Breaker Failure Scheme ............................................................... 4 3.2.9 Auto Reclose Schemes ............................................................................ 4 3.3 Zone Substations ............................................................................................. 5 3.3.1 132kV/11kV Substations .......................................................................... 5
3.3.1.1 3.3.1.2 3.3.1.3 3.3.1.4 3.3.1.5 3.3.1.6 3.3.1.7 3.3.1.8 132kV Feeders ............................................................................................. 5 132kV/11kV Transformers ............................................................................ 5 132kV Busbars ............................................................................................. 5 11kV Feeders ............................................................................................... 5 11kV Busbars ............................................................................................... 6 11kV Capacitor Banks .................................................................................. 6 Circuit Breaker Failure Scheme .................................................................... 6 Auto Reclose Schemes................................................................................. 6 66kV Feeders ............................................................................................... 6 66kV/11kV Transformers .............................................................................. 6 66kV Busbars ............................................................................................... 7 11kV Feeders ............................................................................................... 7 11kV Busbars ............................................................................................... 7 66kV Capacitor Banks .................................................................................. 7 11kV Capacitor Banks .................................................................................. 8 Circuit Breaker Failure Scheme .................................................................... 8 Auto Reclose Schemes................................................................................. 8 33kV Feeders ............................................................................................... 8 33kV/11kV Transformers .............................................................................. 8 33kV Busbars ............................................................................................... 8 11kV Feeders ............................................................................................... 9 11kV Busbars ............................................................................................... 9 33kV Capacitor Banks .................................................................................. 9 11kV Capacitor Banks .................................................................................. 9 Circuit Breaker Failure Scheme .................................................................... 9 Auto Reclose Schemes................................................................................. 9
3.3.2
66kV/11kV Substations ............................................................................ 6
3.3.2.1 3.3.2.2 3.3.2.3 3.3.2.4 3.3.2.5 3.3.2.6 3.3.2.7 3.3.2.8 3.3.2.9
3.3.3
33kV/11kV Substations ............................................................................ 8
3.3.3.1 3.3.3.2 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.4 3.3.3.5 3.3.3.6 3.3.3.7 3.3.3.8 3.3.3.9
3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7
Instrument Transformers................................................................................ 10 Protection Equipment Locations .................................................................... 10 Protection Wiring............................................................................................ 10 Preferred Protection Relay Types.................................................................. 10 Substation SCADA System............................................................................ 11
CONTROL SYSTEMS ............................................................................................... 11

4.1
Summary of Indication and Alarms ........................................................ 12 4.1.1 4.1.2 132kV, 66kV and 33kV Equipment......................................................... 13 4.1.3 11kV Switchgear..................................................................................... 14 4.1.4 Capacitor Bank Control .......................................................................... 14 4.1.5 Power Transformers ............................................................................... 15 4.1.6 Protection Trip Indication........................................................................ 15 4.2 Voltage Regulation......................................................................................... 15 4.3 Audio Frequency Load Control ...................................................................... 15 4.4 Substation Remote Terminal Unit .................................................................. 16
METERING SYSTEMS.............................................................................................. 17
5.1 Guiding Principles Metering Points Categories........................................... 17 5.2 Definition of Compliance to National Electricity Rules ................................... 18 5.2.1 Type Specific Requirements .................................................................. 18 5.2.2 Common Requirements and Definitions................................................. 19 5.3 Marshalling Box Details.................................................................................. 20 5.4 Meter Panel Details........................................................................................ 20 5.5 Accommodation of Transducers .................................................................... 21 5.6 Accommodation of check metering CTs ........................................................ 21
DC SYSTEMS............................................................................................................ 22
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Batteries ......................................................................................................... 22 Battery Chargers ............................................................................................ 22 DC Distribution Boards................................................................................... 22 DC Wiring ....................................................................................................... 22 Control Panels................................................................................................ 23 Control Cabling .............................................................................................. 24 Installation and Jointing of Control Cables..................................................... 24 Cable Ladders................................................................................................ 25 Control Cable Trenches, Conduits and Pits................................................... 26 Fibre Optic Control Wiring.............................................................................. 26
CONTROL PANELS, CABLING AND WIRING WITHIN SUBSTATIONS .................. 23

7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6
COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS .......................................................................... 27

8.1 Present Practice............................................................................................. 27 8.2 IEC 61850 Implementation............................................................................. 27 8.2.1 Stage 1: Specify 61850 as the standard protocol for all substation communications .................................................................... 27 8.2.2 Stage 2: Integrated Protection and Control using 61850 ....................... 27
April 2008
Scope
This Network Standard: applies to all situations requiring planning or design of new (i.e. "greenfield") substation secondary systems for sub-transmission feeders, sub-transmission substations and zone substations, which will become part of Ausgrids network applies, wherever practicable, to all situations requiring planning or redesign of existing (i.e. "brownfield") substation secondary systems for sub-transmission feeders, sub-transmission substations and zone substations, which are or will become part of Ausgrids network. In such brownfield situations where it is not practicable to strictly apply the requirements of this Standard, it shall still serve as a guide with due regard for the following factors which will always remain mandatory: safety, National Electricity Rules (NERs), reliability and good engineering practice. applies to all persons with responsibility for planning or designing of substation secondary systems for sub-transmission feeders, sub-transmission substations and zone substations, including Ausgrid Staff, Contractors, Alliance Partners and Accredited Service Providers provides details, in separate Chapters, for the following types of substation secondary systems: Protection Systems Control Systems, including SCADA requirements Metering Systems, including Indication of Metered Quantities DC Systems, including Batteries and Battery Chargers. Control Panels, Cabling and Wiring
includes details, for each type of secondary system, of the design philosophy, including: Functionality Wiring Standards Panel Layouts Equipment Locations Communications Protocols
provides some detail of the installation or connection arrangements for the equipment described. Additional details may be provided in drawings referred to in the individual project scope of works documentation. Does not include details of the following substation systems, which are provided in indicated Network Standards: Building and Switchyard Systems, including light and power, security and fire detection/protection systems. Refer NS185 Major Substations Building Design Standard and NS186 Major Substations Civil Design Standard. Environmental Monitoring systems, including temperature, wind and rain monitoring. Refer NUS174 Environmental Procedures Communications systems for communications external to the substation. Refer NRS 203 Planning and Design Standards for Electrical Network Communications Assets Engineering LAN requirements for local and remote interrogation and evaluation of non-operational substation status information. Refer NS 213 Network Design IEC61850 Compliant Substation. (which is being prepared.)
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Objectives
The primary objectives of this Network Standard are: to ensure that sub-transmission feeders, sub-transmission substations and zone substations are fitted with necessary secondary systems, to ensure that National Electricity Market code compliance is achieved, as required, for both Protection and Metering systems, to identify requirements for each of the following substation configurations: 132kV/66kV/33kV 132kV/66kV 132kV/33kV 132kV/11kV 66kV/11kV 33kV/11kV
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3.1
Protection Systems
Subtransmission Substations
Protection system requirements for Subtransmission substations are the same for 132kV/66kV/33kV, 132kV/66kV and 132kV/33kV substations.
3.2
132kV Feeders
The 132kV protection shall be designed to meet the reliability requirements and clearance time requirements of the National Electricity Rules (NER), Schedule 5.1.9. Stability studies may be used to identify feeders where compliance with the NER is not mandatory. The preferred protection on each feeder is duplicate line differential with inter-trips. Distance or overcurrent (as appropriate and if approved) back-up built in to the line differential relays is required. Compliance with the NER is required, including intertrip requirements. Diverse communication paths are to be provided within substations. Ausgrid will provide the necessary diversity external to substations.
3.2.1
66kV Feeders
Each 66kV feeder protection shall utilise standard designs for overhead or underground feeders. Each 66kV feeder shall be provided with two independent protection schemes. These schemes will be a combination of Line Current Differential, Distance or OCEF protection depending on the arrangement of the 66kV network. For certain 66kV feeders compliance with the NER may be required, in which case the provisions for 132kV line protection are to be applied. For certain 66kV feeders, it may be necessary to implement SEF protection. Project specific SEF implementation for 66kV feeders will be as indicated in the specific substation single line diagram and associated drawings and plant data sheets.
3.2.2
33kV Feeders
Each 33kV feeder protection shall utilise standard designs for overhead or underground feeders. Each 33kV feeder shall be provided with two independent protection schemes. These schemes will be a combination of Line Current Differential, Distance or OCEF protection depending on the arrangement of the 33kV network. For certain 33kV feeders, it may be necessary to implement SEF protection. Project specific SEF implementation for 33kV feeders will be as indicated in the specific substation single line diagram and associated drawings and plant data sheets.
3.2.3
132kV/66kV and 132/33kV Transformers

Each transformer protection shall include the following: Duplicate biased differential protection Duplicate 132 kV high impedance restricted earth fault protection Single 132kV transformer neutral earth fault protection Main tank Buchholz Tap changer oil surge Duplicate 66kV (or 33kV) restricted earth fault protection Single 66kV (or 33kV) transformer neutral earth fault protection
Where the auxiliary transformer is supplied from the delta winding of a YNyn or Yna transformer, the auxiliary transformer protection will depend upon and be appropriate for
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the type of auxiliary transformer provided. The auxiliary transformer protection will trip the main transformer. Phase and magnitude correction for CT and power transformer ratio and connection is to be done internally to the differential relays wherever this is possible with the relays specified.
3.2.4
132kV Busbars
Duplicated high impedance busbar protection scheme (with supervision), with separate scheme covering each section of busbar.
3.2.5
66kV Busbars
3.2.6
33kV Busbars
3.2.7
66kV and 33kV Capacitor Banks

A capacitor bank protection scheme should be provided for each capacitor bank, consisting of: duplicated Overcurrent and Earth Fault protection for each capacitor bank, and duplicated Neutral unbalance protection.
Circuit Breaker fail function of one or more of these relays should be utilised to provide CBF protection. An ABB SPAJ 160 Capacitor Bank Protection relay (or similar approved relay) may be used to provide one of the neutral unbalance protections. The harmonic overload features of this relay should also be utilised to trip the capacitor bank if harmonics are excessive.
3.2.8
Circuit Breaker Failure Scheme

Each Transformer protection scheme, Feeder protection scheme and Busbar protection scheme shall have an associated breaker failure protection scheme. The breaker failure schemes will be duplicated and function in both directions across the circuit breaker using independent relay schemes.
3.2.9
Auto Reclose Schemes

Auto-reclosing schemes will be implemented on all fully overhead 132kV, 66kV and 33kV feeders. The feeder auto-reclosing will be single shot with reclaim time and initiated by either of the feeder protections. A stand alone auto-reclosing relay will be used. The auto-reclosing may be made auto or non-auto both locally on the associated feeder protection panel and via SCADA. There will be no auto-reclosing implemented on fully underground feeders or feeders with significant underground sections or tail-ended feeders. Project specific auto reclose implementations will be as indicated in the specific substation single line diagram and associated drawings and plant data sheets.
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3.3
3.3.1
Zone Substations
132kV/11kV Substations
The 132kV protection shall be designed to meet the reliability requirements and clearance time requirements of the National Electricity Rules (NER), Schedule 5.1.9. Stability studies may be used to identify feeders where compliance with the NER is not mandatory. The preferred protection on each feeder is duplicate line differential with inter-trips. Distance or overcurrent (as appropriate and if approved) back-up built in to the line differential relays is required. Diverse communication paths are to be provided where compliance with the NER is required within substations. Ausgrid will provide the necessary diversity external to substations.
3.3.1.1 132kV Feeders
3.3.1.2 132kV/11kV Transformers

Each transformer protection shall include the following: Single transformer biased differential protection 132kV Instantaneous overcurrent and time delayed earth fault protection Main tank Buchholz Tap changer oil surge 11kV overcurrent on each transformer 11kV bushing Earthing transformer neutral earth fault connected to a CT on the neutral earthing transformer neutral leg Overcurrent on the HV side of the neutral earthing transformer using CTs on the earthing transformer 11kV cables Earthing transformer Buchholz protection.
3.3.1.3 132kV Busbars


Each distribution feeder protection shall utilise standard designs for the relevant feeder class (underground or overhead) as follows. One 3-phase over current and earth fault relay, with IDMT and instantaneous elements for the protection of each feeder circuit. Sensitive earth fault protection relay with definite time elements, on overhead feeder circuits only. The sensitive earth fault protection is to be arranged to be individually enabled or disabled locally and via SCADA. Back-up overcurrent and earth fault relay tripping into the associated 11kV busbar protection wherever the transformer LV side overcurrent protection pick-up is greater than 67% of the fault current level at the end of the feeder. Double Banked Auxiliary Transformer/Capacitor Feeders are not to be equipped with SEF protection or auto reclose. Any doubled banked 11kV feeders shall have separate OCEF relays and separate SEF relays for each leg.
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For single busbar switchgear, a high impedance busbar protection scheme shall be provided. Transformer 11kV overcurrent and neutral earth fault protection provides backup for the non-duplicated 11kV BBP. For duplicate busbar switchgear, a frame leakage busbar protection scheme shall be provided. Transformer 11kV overcurrent and neutral earth fault protection provides backup for the non-duplicated 11kV BBP.
3.3.1.6 11kV Capacitor Banks

A standard capacitor bank protection scheme should be provided, consisting of: Overcurrent and Earth Fault protection for each bank, and Neutral unbalance protection for each capacitor step. The neutral unbalance relays should trip the capacitor bank Circuit Breaker or RMCB, not the faulted capacitors step contactor.
3.3.1.7 Circuit Breaker Failure Scheme

Each Transformer protection scheme, Feeder protection scheme (above 11kV) and Busbar protection scheme shall have an associated breaker failure protection scheme. The breaker failure schemes will be duplicated and function in both directions across the circuit breaker using independent relay schemes.
3.3.1.8 Auto Reclose Schemes

Auto-reclosing schemes will be implemented on all fully overhead 132kV and 11kV feeders. The feeder auto-reclosing will be single shot with reclaim time and initiated by either of the feeder protections. A stand alone auto-reclosing relay will be used. The auto-reclosing may be individually made auto or non-auto both locally on the associated feeder protection panel and via SCADA. There will be no auto-reclosing implemented on fully underground feeders or feeders with significant underground sections or tail-ended feeders. Project specific auto reclose implementations will be as indicated in the specific substation single line diagram and associated drawings and plant data sheets.
3.3.2
Each 66kV feeder protection shall utilise standard designs for overhead or underground feeders. Each 66kV feeder shall be provided with two independent protection schemes. These schemes will be a combination of Line Current Differential, Distance or OCEF protection depending on the arrangement of the 66kV network. OCEF protection is not to be used for both primary and back-up protection. For certain 66kV feeders compliance with the NER may be required, in which case the provisions for 132kV line protection are to be applied. For certain 66kV feeders, it may be necessary to implement SEF protection. Project specific SEF implementation for 66kV feeders will be as indicated in the specific substation single line diagram and associated drawings and plant data sheets.

Each transformer protection shall include the following: Differential Main tank Buchholz Tap changer oil surge
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Primary earth fault Primary instantaneous overcurrent Secondary overcurrent and earth fault Auto change-over, as required

Single high impedance busbar protection scheme (with supervision), with separate scheme covering each section of busbar. Remote backup protection provides backup for the non-duplicated 66kV BBP

Each distribution feeder protection shall utilise standard designs for the relevant feeder class (underground or overhead) as follows: One 3-phase over current and earth fault relay, with IDMT and instantaneous elements for the protection of each feeder circuit. Sensitive earth fault protection relay with definite time elements, on overhead feeder circuits only. The sensitive earth fault protection is to be arranged to be individually enabled or disabled locally and via SCADA. Back-up overcurrent and earth fault relay tripping into the associated 11kV busbar protection wherever the transformer LV side overcurrent protection cannot see to the end of the feeder. Double Banked Auxiliary Transformer / Capacitor Feeders are not to be equipped with SEF protection or auto reclose. Any doubled banked 11kV feeders shall have separate OCEF relays and separate SEF relays for each leg.


A capacitor bank protection scheme should be provided for each capacitor bank, consisting of Duplicated Overcurrent and Earth Fault protection for each capacitor bank, and Duplicated Neutral unbalance protection.
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Each Transformer protection scheme, Feeder protection scheme (above 11kV) and Busbar protection scheme shall have an associated breaker failure protection scheme. The breaker failure schemes will be duplicated and function in both directions across the circuit breaker using independent relay schemes.

Auto-reclosing schemes will be implemented on all fully overhead 66kV and 11kV feeders. The feeder auto-reclosing will be single shot with reclaim time and initiated by either of the feeder protections. A stand alone auto-reclosing relay will be used. The auto-reclosing may be individually made auto or non-auto both locally on the associated feeder protection panel and via SCADA. There will be no auto-reclosing implemented on fully underground feeders or feeders with significant underground sections or tail-ended feeders. Project specific auto reclose implementations will be as indicated in the specific substation single line diagram and associated drawings and plant data sheets.
3.3.3
Each 33kV feeder protection shall utilise standard designs for overhead or underground feeders. Each 33kV feeder shall be provided with two independent protection schemes. These schemes will be a combination of Line Current Differential, Distance or OCEF protection depending on the arrangement of the 33kV network. OCEF protection is not to be used for both primary and back-up protection. For certain 33kV feeders, it may be necessary to implement SEF protection. Project specific SEF implementation for 33kV feeders will be as indicated in the specific substation single line diagram and associated drawings and plant data sheets.

Each transformer protection shall include the following: Differential Main tank Buchholz Tap changer oil surge Primary earth fault Primary instantaneous overcurrent Secondary overcurrent and earth fault Auto change-over, as required.

Single high impedance busbar protection scheme (with supervision), with separate scheme covering each section of busbar. Remote backup protection provides backup for the non-duplicated 33kV BBP
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Each distribution feeder protection shall utilise standard designs for the relevant feeder class (underground or overhead) as follows: One 3-phase over current and earth fault relay, with IDMT and instantaneous elements for the protection of each feeder circuit. Sensitive earth fault protection relay with definite time elements, on overhead feeder circuits only. The sensitive earth fault protection is to be arranged to be individually enabled or disabled locally and via SCADA. Back-up overcurrent and earth fault relay tripping into the associated 11kV busbar protection wherever the transformer LV side overcurrent protection cannot see to the end of the feeder. Double Banked Auxiliary Transformer/Capacitor Feeders are not to be equipped with SEF protection or auto reclose. Any doubled banked 11kV feeders shall have separate OCEF relays and separate SEF relays for each leg.


A capacitor bank protection scheme should be provided for each capacitor bank, consisting of: Duplicated Overcurrent and Earth Fault protection for each capacitor bank, and Duplicated Neutral unbalance protection.


Each Transformer protection scheme, Feeder protection scheme (above 11kV) and Busbar protection scheme shall have an associated breaker failure protection scheme. The breaker failure schemes will be duplicated (one for each protection scheme) and function in both directions across the circuit breaker using independent relay schemes.

Auto-reclosing schemes will be implemented on all fully overhead 33kV and 11kV feeders. The feeder auto-reclosing will be single shot with reclaim time and initiated by either of the feeder protections. A stand alone auto-reclosing relay will be used.
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The auto-reclosing may be made auto or non-auto both locally on the associated feeder protection panel and via SCADA. There will be no auto-reclosing implemented on fully underground feeders or feeders with significant underground sections or tail-ended feeders. Project specific auto reclose implementations will be as indicated in the specific substation single line diagram and associated drawings and plant data sheets.
3.4
Instrument Transformers
Instrument transformers for all protection systems shall be specified as part of the primary switchgear specification and associated period contract or part of the period contract for outdoor instrument transformers. Project specific instrument transformer requirements will be as indicated in the specific substation single line diagram and associated drawings and plant data sheets.
3.5
Protection Equipment Locations

All protection relays and associated protection equipment (apart from 11kV feeder protection equipment) shall be mounted on stand-alone protection panels located in the substation. Protection panels shall generally be grouped in primary voltage groupings and functions. Duplicate protection schemes (A and B Protection) shall be located on adjacent panels. Where batteries are duplicated, protection systems are to be spread across the batteries to maximise redundancy. In the case of 11kV feeders, the protection relays and associated protection equipment shall be mounted on and in the instrument cabinet associated with the 11kV feeder panel. Refer to Section 7.1 for further control panel details.
3.6
Protection Wiring
Refer to Sections 7.1 and 7.2 for details of protection wiring requirements. Schematic diagrams for protection systems are dependent on the specific substation. Project specific substation single line diagrams and associated drawings and plant data sheets will include a list of the relevant protection wiring diagrams for the most recent example of that particular type of substation.
3.7
Preferred Protection Relay Types

The preferred protection equipment is that available on the Ausgrid period contracts current at the time. Other relays that may not be available on contract to Ausgrid may be used provided they are acceptable and have been approved for use at the design proposal stage of the project.
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4.1
Control Systems
Substation SCADA System
The substation Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system shall include the following: Control and Dual Indication of all 132kV, 66kV, 33kV and 11kV circuit breakers; Control and Dual Indication of each CB Auto-reclose; Control and Dual Indication of each Bus Section Auto-closing Scheme; Control and Dual Indication of each 11kV SEF protection scheme; Monitoring of substation load, each transformer load and all high voltage feeder loads; (amperes and MVA at 132kV); Indication of Normal/Abnormal loading of Transformers which may be set from the local control panel or via SCADA. Monitoring of incoming feeder voltages and 11kV Bus Voltages; Indication of transformer thermal temperatures and temperature alarms; Control and Indication of transformer Tap Position and Voltage Regulation scheme; Group Earth Fault indication on each Transformer Monitoring of Substation AC and DC Systems; Control and Indication of Audio Frequency Load Control Equipment (AFLC); Monitoring of Substation Fire Protection Systems; Monitoring and control of capacitor installations; Operator Control Interface; Satellite (GPS) time synchronisation; Indications from any substation security system. Substation Protection Trip Indication, fleeting and latching indications with reset of the latching indication from the SCADA system The ability to reset all substation alarms on the substation HMI via a control from the SCADA system.
The use of dual indications (eg indications for both the open and close contacts) shall be provided for all switchgear and other monitored states where indicated. The SCADA controls and indications shall be implemented by wiring the equipment status contacts from the switchgear and alarm contacts from the protection relays, along with analogue values from the transducers into Distributed Control Interface (DCI) units. The DCIs shall form part of a Semi-Distributed Control System (SDCS) in the substation building. The SDCS shall incorporate an Operator Control Interface, consisting of HMI and keyboard, as well as a remote terminal unit (RTU) or interface equipment to communicate with the Central Control Room via the SCADA master Station. All communications between DCIs, HMI and the RTU are to be via a dual redundant optical fibre line using multi-mode fibre. The communications bearer to the Master Station will be determined by the available communications channels at the time (see section 4.2). Other non-operational substation data and indications shall routed via the Engineering LAN rather than the SCADA system.
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To permit local testing, facilities on the HMI shall be provided to provide an indication to the SCADA system for groups of signals which will cause the SCADA master station to not alarm changes of state of any signals in the group while the indication is active.
4.1.1
Summary of Indication and Alarms

Depending on the substation voltages, the primary control point(s) will have the following indications and alarms. For MVA, MW and MVAr indications the power flow convention is positive for power flows into a busbar or into the primary terminals of a transformer, and negative for power flows out of a busbar. 132kV Indications and Alarms: All Substation equipment status and alarms, including battery alarms, protection relays alarms, Voltage Regulation alarms and circuit breaker spring charge alarms. Status of all circuit breakers, disconnectors and earth switches. 132kV feeder three phase current and three phase voltage and MVA, MW and MVAr. 132kV bus-section single phase current. All Substation equipment status and alarms, including battery alarms, protection relays alarms, Voltage Regulation alarms and circuit breaker spring charge alarms. Status of all circuit breakers, disconnectors and earth switches. 66kV feeder three phase current and three phase voltage and MW and MVAr. 66kV bus-section single phase current. All Substation equipment status and alarms, including battery alarms, protection relays alarms, Voltage Regulation alarms and circuit breaker spring charge alarms. Status of all circuit breakers, disconnectors and earth switches. 33kV feeder three phase current and three phase voltage and MW and MVAr. 33kV bus-section single phase current. All substation equipment status and alarms, including battery alarms, protection relays alarms, Voltage Regulation alarms and circuit breaker spring charge alarms. Status of all 11kV circuit breakers, disconnectors and earth switches. 11kV transformer three phase current, three phase voltage and power factor. 11kV feeder single phase current. For double banked feeders incorporating a capacitor bank and feeder connections, outgoing feeder current shall be monitored.
66kV Indications and Alarms:
11kV Capacitor Indications and Alarms: Alarms, indications and controls provided from the capacitor bank and the control and protection system should be connected to the SCADA system. Note that individual metering/SCADA indication for both the capacitor and the feeder are required. The following indications, functions and alarms must be available via SCADA. Status of each capacitor bank circuit breaker and isolator and each capacitor steps contactor Ability to enable and disable automatic control of capacitor steps and to switch these steps manually Over temperature alarm
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April 2008
Details of Neutral Unbalance and Overcurrent protection operation
33kV and 66kV Capacitor Indications and Alarms An indication of the status of the capacitor bank circuit breaker, and indications and alarms from the protection relays, should displayed locally and remotely via SCADA. Control should be provided to allow for remote switching of the capacitor bank.
4.1.2
132kV, 66kV and 33kV Equipment

Primary Control and Indications The primary control point for operation of all circuit breakers will be from the screen based SCADA system, either remotely at the Central Control Room or locally at the Operator Control Interface HMI and keyboard. The Operator Control Interface (HMI) at the substation shall be duplicated for all subtransmission substations and for those 132/11kV substations where the requirements of the NER apply to the protection requirements for the 132kV feeders and for those 66/11kV substations where the requirements of the NER apply to the protection requirements for the 66kV feeders All disconnectors shall be operated manually with remote status indication via SCADA. The primary control point for the 132kV motorised earth switches shall be via a wander lead at the earth switches. Back up Control and Indications All SCADA controls will be backed up by a hard wired control to cater for the event of a simultaneous local and remote SCADA failure. In the case of indoor switchgear, the individual bay local control panel may be used for back up operation Back up operation of the feeder circuit breakers which are not supplied with local control facilities will be via illuminated push buttons located on the respective B protection panel. A single phase current ammeter and circuit breaker status indication will be provided on the panel. Back up operation of the Bus-section circuit breaker will be via illuminated push buttons on the Bus-section control panel. A single phase current ammeter and circuit breaker status indication will be provided on the panel. Back up operation of the transformer primary circuit breakers will be via illuminated push buttons located on the transformer B protection panel. No ammeter will be provided on the panel as the transformer primary breaker is energising the transformers only, it does not switch onto load.
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4.1.3
11kV Switchgear
Primary Control and Indications The primary control point for operation of all 11kV equipment including the 11kV bus section/coupler auto-closing will be from the screen based SCADA system either remotely at the Central Control Room or locally at the Operator Control Interface HMI and keyboard. Secondary Control and Indications All SCADA controls will be backed up by a hard wired control to cater for a simultaneous local and remote SCADA failure. Back-up operation of all 11kV internal arc classified circuit breakers will be via push buttons located on the 11kV switchgear front panels. Back-up control of 11kV feeder SEF and auto-reclose will be available locally on the respective 11kV switchgear front panels. Back-up controls and indications for the 11kV bus section auto-closing will be provided on the 11kV bus section auto-closing panel. Back-up indication of 11kV feeder current will be via the feeder main protection relay display.
4.1.4
Capacitor Bank Control

11kV Capacitor Banks Switching of the capacitor banks and each individual step shall be automatically controlled to provide power factor correction. The control scheme shall provide automatic control: When the zone is operating normally With one transformer out of service
The power factor correction must be controlled automatically. A standard capacitor control scheme, using ABB REF relays programmed to the standard Ausgrid capacitor control standard, should be provided. The REF relays should be interconnected to allow the capacitors to be controlled for the bus bar configuration that will result after failure of one transformer. The control panel should include: a power factor meter (clearly labelled for indication only); auto/manual switches to allow the automatic controller to be enabled or disabled; add capacitor and remove capacitor controls to allow for manual switching of capacitors; sufficient links to allow isolation of the system for calibration and testing.
33kV and 66kV Capacitor Banks An automatic control scheme is not required. Provision should be made for the switching of both of the capacitor banks from the local control room and via SCADA. Although detailed operating procedures should ensure that capacitors are not energised when they still have a residual charge, a simple 5 minute lockout timer should be installed to prevent closing of the circuit breaker, for 5 minutes after it has been opened either manually, or via the protection scheme.
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4.1.5
Power Transformers
Transformer Indication and alarms: All transformer status alarms, including tapping switch positions Oil temperatures and associated alarms Cooling system status A manually set load status (Normal /Abnormal) which may be set/reset locally or via the SCADA system Voltage regulation system status
Voltage Regulation Control, Indication and Alarms: The primary control point for operation of all voltage regulation and transformer control equipment will be from the screen based SCADA system (either remotely at the Central Control Room or locally at the Operator Control Interface HMI and keyboard). All SCADA controls will be backed up by a hard-wired control to cater for the event of simultaneous local and remote SCADA failure. Back up operation of all voltage regulation and transformer control equipment will be via push buttons and control switches located on the voltage regulation panels. Facilities to disable SCADA control of the tap changer and Voltage Regulation equipment via a switch shall be provided for maintenance, this shall energise both the Dual indications (Auto and Manual) of the Voltage regulation status of the SCADA system.
4.1.6
Protection Trip Indication

Any switchgear operation as the result of a protection operation shall initiate two signals to the Control Centre SCADA system: A fleeting input for the duration of the protection operation A latched indication initiated by the protection operation
The latched input shall be reset by a control to the latch from the SCADA system.
4.2
Voltage Regulation
The main transformer tap changer control panels shall be located in the substation Control Room and shall use a standard VR scheme which consists of a VR relay, and an independent voltage monitor relay. If transformers in the substation operate in parallel, a parallel operating scheme will be required. The parallel operating scheme will be of a type approved by Network. The auto/manual/local switch, manual tap raise/lower facility, tap position of the transformers, the high low voltage alarm and panel no voltage alarm shall be interfaced to the Semi-Distributed Control Interface units, allowing control and indication at the substation Operators Desk as well as at the Central Control Room. Other alarms generated by the parallel operation scheme should also be interfaced to the SemiDistributed Control Interface units.
4.3
Audio Frequency Load Control

Audio Frequency Load Control (AFLC) equipment is installed at 132/11kV, 66/11kV and 33/11kV zone substations. Static Frequency Units (SFU) supplying AFLC plants, each comprising a correctly rated coupling cell, shall be provided to facilitate load control at 1050Hz, 750 Hz or 500Hz, depending upon the control frequency used in the substation area. The coupling cell is to be connected to an appropriate 11kV feeder CB at the 11kV switchboard.
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The details and connection locations will be nominated by Subtransmission Planning and shown on the Project Specific substation single line diagram and associated drawings and plant data sheets. The first preference for the location of the AFLC plants is in outdoor kiosks separate from the main switchroom buildings. Where the AFLC plants are required to be located within the substation building, a single AFLC room only shall be provided. The AFLC room will be located such that an overpressure caused by an AFLC capacitor can rupture would not damage the main substation building. This may be best achieved by the AFLC room sharing only one or two common walls with the main building.
4.4
Substation Remote Terminal Unit

LogicaCMG supplies Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) under Ausgrid Purchasing Specification EA7747T/05. The LogicaCMG RTU and associated DCI Units will comprise the necessary number of LogicaCMG units. Specific details of the SCADA protocols are not included in this document as the LogicaCMG equipment supports all of the necessary protocols Communications between the substation and the Ausgrid Control Centre shall be achieved by either an external fibre optic cable, to be supplied and terminated by Ausgrid, or a radio link to be provided and installed by Ausgrid Communications between the RTU and the fibre optic cable or radio system shall be via RS232 Interfaces.
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5.1
Metering Systems
Guiding Principles Metering Points Categories
The following definitions replace the term BSP and seek to provide greater clarity for metering points within and bordering the Ausgrid transmission and distribution Network. Wholesale Metering Point (WMP) - Across the Ausgrid network, any present or potential future connection point that is mutually defined by NEMMCo (National Electricity Market Management Company) and Ausgrid as a junction between Transmission and Distribution will require National Electricity Rules (NERs) compliant Wholesale Metering. This point is known as a Wholesale Buying Point (WMP). Such a connection point will be identified by the allocation of a Transmission Node Identifier (TNI) and the metering associated with the TNI will be located at the Transmission Node. It is vital that these WMPs are metered in accordance with the NERs as the data from these meters allows for settlement of the NEM. This metering data also allows NEMMCo to calculate Ausgrids liability to generators for electricity traded in the spot market. Failure to meet these NER requirements may result in financial penalties and/or place in jeopardy Ausgrids Network Operators licence. Note that WMPs may be used as a Network Boundary Point (NBP) in addition to their use as a WMP. In this case they will still be referred to as a WMP and must meet the requirements of a WMP. Network Boundary Point (NBP) Across the Ausgrid network, any present or potential future connection point that has been identified by Ausgrid Network as a connection point to another LNSP or TNSP will be deemed a Network Boundary Point (NBP). An NBP requires metering equivalent to NER compliant metering. It should be noted that the majority of these NBP will be located in TransGrid Substations. Connections to generators may also be considered as a NBP, however these will be classified as a Generator Metering Point (GMP) as defined below. NBPs are generally Type 2 metering installations where installed in Ausgrid substations. Where WMP or NBP metering is required in TransGrid substations, the Ausgrid Network Responsible Person (RP) will consult with TransGrid to ensure that the relevant metering requirements are achieved. Zone Metering Point (ZMP) Any zone substation that is not deemed to be a WMP or NBP will be classified as a Zone Metering Point (ZMP). ZMP are not required to comply with the requirements of the NER. However, in the event that one of these ZMP may become a WMP in the future, these points are to be installed as a minimum Type 2 WMP installation. Customer Metering Point (CMP) Is any direct connection from an Ausgrid Zone substation to a customers installation. Rule compliant metering must be installed and the metering installation is to be located on the customers premises, not at the Ausgrid Substation. Further information regarding the metering requirements for these installations can be found in Ausgrids metering policy document ES3 - Metering Installations. Generator Metering Point (GMP) Is any direct connection from a Generation Installation to the Ausgrid Network. Rule compliant metering must be installed, and the metering installation is to be located on the generators premises, not at the Ausgrid Substation. Further information regarding the metering requirements for these installations can be found in ES3 - Metering Installations and the Ausgrid Standard Generator Connection Agreement suite of documents. Identification of Likely NBP or WMP Ausgrid Network will identify the category of metering required as a part of any substation specification. The Ausgrid Network Responsible Person (RP) must be informed of any new or altered construction work at the concept brief phase of the project so that the metering
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requirements can be determined and incorporated into the Engineering Requirements document. In general the following points are likely to be identified as an NBP or WMP. Three phase currents and voltages for metering purposes are required at each NBP and WMP.
132kV Feeder typically at a Sub-transmission Substation. 132kV/11kV Transformer typically at the LV (11kV) side. 132kV/66kV Transformer typically at the LV (66kV) side. 132kV/33kV Transformer typically at the LV (33kV) side. Any connection point at a boundary to any external network (Integral Energy, Country Energy and TransGrid).
5.2
Definition of Compliance to National Electricity Rules

The following details the requirements to achieve compliance to the National Electricity Rules (NER). These details apply to NER Version 19 (March 2008). The requirements specified below may need updating to reflect changes in future versions of the NER. Some components of specific metering requirements are governed by the annual GWh energy throughput at a connection point. For the purpose of this document the following definitions will apply for the type of HV metering installation: TYPE 1 TYPE 2 TYPE 3 Greater than 1000GWh PA Between 100GWh PA and 1000GWh PA Below 100GWh PA.
All WMP and NBP will be classified at a minimum of a type 2 metering installation.
5.2.1
Item
Type Specific Requirements

Metering Requirements WMP or NBP. Type 1. Accuracy - Class 0.2. Measurement uncertainty less than 0.05%. On each phase of feeders and TX secondaries. Secondary output to be 1A and 15VA. Metering Requirements WMP or NBP. Type 2. Accuracy - Class 0.5. Measurement uncertainty less than 0.1%. On each phase of feeders and TX secondaries. Secondary output to be 1A and 15VA. Accuracy - Class 0.5. Measurement uncertainty less than 0.1%. On each phase of feeders and TX secondaries. Secondary output to be 1A and 15VA. Check CT secondary wiring on a Type 2 installation can be shared with other devices, subject to the arrangement not affecting the performance of the check metering (ie. shorting out one part of the circuit will not affect the check Metering Requirements ZMP. Accuracy - Class 0.5. Measurement uncertainty less than 0.1%. On each phase of feeders and TX secondaries. Secondary output to be 1A and 15VA. Accuracy - Class 0.5. Measurement uncertainty less than 0.1%. On each phase of feeders and TX secondaries. Secondary output to be 1A and 15VA. CTs to be terminated and shorted in marshalling box if not used for other purposes.
Revenue CT Details
Check CT Details
Accuracy - Class 0.2. Measurement uncertainty less than 0.05%. On each phase of feeders and TX secondaries. Secondary output to be 1A and 15VA. Check Current Transformer secondary wiring on a Type 1 installation remains exclusive for the purpose of electricity metering and cannot be shared with
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other devices.
metering and the combined load of the meter and other instrumentation must be with in the burden range of the CT). Accuracy - Class 0.5. Measurement uncertainty less than 0.1%. On Primary and Secondary side of TX. Secondary output to be 110V (phase to phase) or 110/3 (phase to neutral) and 25VA (minimum VA available for metering). Accuracy - Class 0.5 (Wh) Class 1.0 (VArh). 0ne revenue and one check meter per metering point. Location of metering points to be determined by the Network RP. Adequate panel space to incorporate two meters, (one revenue and one check), associated communication equipment and links etc. for each metering point. These panels shall be clearly labelled with the metering point details (eg. TX1, Fdr 957) and which is Revenue and Check. Refer to clause 5.4. Accuracy - Class 0.5. Measurement uncertainty less than 0.1%. On Primary and Secondary side of TX. Secondary output to be 110V (phase to phase) or 110/3 (phase to neutral) and 25VA (minimum VA available for metering). Accuracy - Class 0.5 (Wh) Class 1.0 (VArh). One revenue meter per metering point. Metering points to be located on the secondary side of each transformer. Adequate panel space to incorporate one revenue meter, associated communication equipment and links etc. for each metering point. These panels shall be clearly labelled Revenue and include the metering point details (eg. TX1). Refer to clause 5.4.
VT Details
Accuracy - Class 0.2. Measurement uncertainty less than 0.05%. On Primary and Secondary side of TX. Secondary output to be 110V (phase to phase) or 110/3 (phase to neutral) and 25VA (minimum VA available for metering).
Meter Details
Accuracy - Class 0.2 (Wh) Class 0.5 (VArh). 0ne revenue and one check meter per metering point. Location of metering points to be determined by the Network RP. Adequate panel space to incorporate two meters, (one revenue and one check), associated communication equipment and links etc. for each metering point. These panels shall be clearly labelled with the metering point details (eg. TX1, Fdr 957) and which is Revenue and Check. Refer to clause 5.4.
5.2.2
Common Requirements and Definitions

The following requirements are common to all categories of metering installations. (a) Access to Test It is MANDATORY that the installation of CTs and VTs is carried out in such a way that primary injection testing of an individual instrument is practically achievable without the isolation of any customer load. Practically achievable means that electrical access can be achieved through normal operational switching without the isolation of alternative electricity supply and physical access means the capability of convenient connection of injection cabling and test instruments directly adjacent to the device under test. This also includes access to the secondary side of the instrument transformers as close as practically allowable to the secondary terminals whilst maintaining safety clearances. This is typically achieved with a marshalling box adjacent to the instrument transformers. (b) Auxiliary Supply A 110V ac supply with a failsafe backup supply must be provided at each metering panel. The revenue and check supplies must not be supplied from the same circuit. Each supply must be separately fused.
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(c) CT Requirements - Metering Class CTs must comply with AS 60044.1 2007, design type tested and with traceable individual accuracy test results for the quoted accuracy class. CTs must be installed with the primary polarity facing toward the source of generation. (d) Revenue CT - The Revenue CT is reserved exclusively for electricity metering. Apart from the electricity meter, no other device may be in series with the secondary circuit. (e) Revenue Metering A metering installation which is the primary source of metering data. (f) Secondary Wiring Security - Secondary wiring must be installed in a secure manner, with unbroken conductors between instrument transformer secondary terminals and marshalling box (if applicable) and electricity meter panel. Provision is required to allow the marshalling box and electricity meter panel to be sealed or locked. Check CT secondary wiring on a Type 2 installation can be shared with other devices, subject to the arrangement not affecting the performance of the check metering (ie. shorting out one part of the circuit will not affect the check metering and the combined load of the meter and other instrumentation must be with in the burden range of the CT). (g) Secondary Wiring Cross Section - Secondary conductors must be selected to minimise the contribution of burden due to voltage drop and to achieve overall error performance as specified by the Metering Provider. All secondary cables used for metering purposes must be screened and the screen earthed at either end of the cable. Specific requirements for each individual main and check circuit are as follows: 6mm for current transformer secondary wiring up to 750m 6mm for voltage transformer secondary wiring up to 200m and 16 mm for voltage transformer secondary wiring up to 750m.
(h) VT Requirements - Metering Class VTs must comply with AS 60044.2 2007 if single phase or AS1243 - 1982 if three phase, design type tested and with traceable individual accuracy test results for the quoted accuracy class. (i) VT Secondary VT secondary wiring can be shared with other devices, including Check Metering subject to individually fused circuits for each device and subject to the arrangement not affecting the performance of the Main or Check metering. The VT fuses for each circuit are to be located as close as practicable to the VTs.
5.3
Marshalling Box Details

The marshalling box shall be installed as close as practicable to the instrument transformers. This box shall be of adequate size to allow termination of all cables from the CTs, VTs and those going to the metering panel and should also be capable of accommodating the following equipment: Three black HRC fuseholders (GEC Safeclip FS20CF or equivalent) and one white HRC fuseholder (GEC Safeclip LK3A or equivalent). Slide test links (Phoenix URTK/S or equivalent) to be connected in series, on the load side of the above fuseholders. All CT secondary wiring to terminate in slide test links (Phoenix URTK/S or equivalent).
5.4
Meter Panel Details

The meter panel layout shall be as shown on Drawing No. (to be developed) for WMP and NBP. Drawing No. (to be developed) shall be used for ZMP.
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The meter panel shall be located as a separate panel within the control room of the substation. A separate panel shall be supplied and clearly identified for revenue and check metering for WMP and NBP. Meter panels for all metering points in one substation shall be located adjacent to each other where possible. This will allow for simplification in the communications and auxiliary supply installation. Secondary VT conductors are to be terminated in fuse links and in series with slide test links (Phoenix URTK/S or equivalent). Secondary CT conductors are to be terminated in slide test links (Phoenix URTK/S or equivalent). The meter panel drawing indicates communications requirements for remote meter reading and includes requirements for GSM, PSTN and MPLS technologies.
5.5
Accommodation of Transducers
The location and requirement of transducers is specified by Ausgrid Network. Typically, transducers are co-located at WMPs or NBPs. In this circumstance, for Type 2 and Type 3 installations where check CTs are installed, CT secondary wiring can be connected to kW / kVAR transducers. Such metering points will be to the specification level of the Check Metering of a Type 2 installation.
5.6
Accommodation of check metering CTs

If suitably sized check metering CTs cannot be provided within switchgear chambers, as may be the case with compact GIS switchgear at 132kV, the first preference is for a separate metering core over the cable rather than using interposing CTs on the protection CTs. Physical access to the CT is required for the purposes of testing, eg: a large enough window to get a test cable through beside the feeder or a permanent loop through the CT with access in the form of test points. Suitable access to the cable basement (or wherever the CT's are located) is required to allow manual handling of heavy test equipment. Interposing CTs on protection CTs is only acceptable if the first preference is not feasible.
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6
6.1
DC Systems
Batteries
One or two sets of batteries are required, depending on the substation type and voltage levels. Two batteries are required in substations with a highest voltage of 132kV. One battery is required in substations with a highest voltage of 66kV or 33kV, unless a requirement for two batteries is indicated in the Project Specific substation single line diagram and associated drawings and plant data sheets. The battery voltage shall be 110V dc. Batteries will be of the valve regulated type, either NiCd or lead acid. The required duty cycle and parameters to determine the size and rating of the battery is outlined in NEG SM04.06 Selection of Substation Batteries. In addition to the cumulative SCADA, control and protection loads, the battery must also allow for the load of the MPLS cabinets installed in the substation. These cabinets may contain an Alcatel 7250 or similar edge device, rated for 170W consumption, together with an Alcatel 7450 router or similar, rated at 380W consumption, plus any additional protection communications equipment such as mulitplexer. There is no requirement for dedicated battery rooms as described in AS2676. Instead the batteries will be housed in the substation building in cabinets or otherwise as acceptable in terms of AS2676. The floor should be of strength suitable to cater for the mass of the battery.
6.2
Battery Chargers
A separate, suitably rated temperature compensated and matched battery charger shall be provided for each of the batteries. Battery Chargers and condition monitors shall be purchased to match the batteries. A Charger Fail alarm is to be connected to the SCADA system. The battery charger, or dc distribution board, is to be fitted with Low DC Volts, High DC Volts and a Battery Earth alarm. Indication of these alarms is required locally on the battery charger (or dc distribution board) and remotely to the central control room via SCADA. The Low Volts alarm should preferably be set at 92% of float voltage. The High Volts alarm should preferably be set within the range of 110% to 120% of float voltage.
6.3
DC Distribution Boards
The DC distribution and extension boards shall be Ausgrid design type 12A for the A DC supply and type 12B for the B supply, in accordance with Drawing 191059_01. Double insulated 0.6/1kV cabling enclosed in protective metal conduits shall be provided between the battery and the charger.
6.4
DC Wiring
General requirements for dc wiring are dependent on the specific substation. Project specific substation single line diagrams and associated drawings and plant data sheets will include a list of the relevant dc wiring diagrams for the most recent example of that particular type of substation. The dc system is unearthed and an earth detection relay is to be installed on each separate dc system within the substation
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Control Panels, Cabling and Wiring within Substations

Control Panels
Control panels shall be generally designed so that the front of the panel is used for the flush mounting of relays, meters, switches etc and the rear of the panel is used to gain access, via a door, to the cabling, terminal blocks and wiring. Tunnel board type control panels are not acceptable. The control panels shall generally be 2000 mm high and either 600 mm or 750 mm wide depending on the quantity of equipment being installed. Each individual functional section (eg, Transformer 1 and Transformer 2) shall be clearly segregated from any other section means of a 25 mm wide black line or a completely separate control panel. Control panel layout, wiring and connections are dependent on the specific substation. Project specific substation single line diagrams and associated drawings and plant data sheets will include a list of the relevant protection wiring diagrams for the most recent example of that particular type of substation. All control panels shall be finished in Cloud Grey Colour Number N22 to AS2700 on the exterior and white interior. All control panels and panel equipment shall be labelled in accordance with NS158 Labelling of Mains and Apparatus. Control panel wiring shall comply with the requirements of AS/NZS 5000.1 Also refer to Ausgrid Drawing No. 114601 The test link type shall be moulded type, supplied and installed in accordance with Ausgrid drawing No. 38841 All protection relays are to have test links in the AC and DC circuits for testing contacts and isolating supplies. The links are to be mounted so that if the sliding section is loosened, it will fall to the open position. The links are to be mounted in horizontal rows at the locations specified below: Centre of the panel for full height panels Top of the panel for bottom half panels Bottom of the panel for top half panels
7.1
Links associated with A Protection and B Protection shall be segregated if mounted on the same panel and the following wiring conventions are to be adopted: For CT and VT Circuits, connections closest to associated CT's or VT's to be wired to bottom of link and connections to relay to be wired to top of link. For DC Circuits, connections to and from adjacent panel/s to be wired to bottom of link and connections to associated relay to be wired to the top of the link. Connections between relays internal to the panel should be from the supply source to the top then from the bottom of the link to the destination equipment or neutral. All connections between control panel wiring and control cables shall be via terminal blocks, mounted on vertical rails, inside each control panel.
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Ausgrid's standard terminal block types shall be Utilux type H3820 (un-slotted link) and H3869 (slotted link). H3869 type terminal blocks shall be used wherever the terminal block will be required for isolation purposes. Details of the terminal blocks and mounting rails are shown on drawing No. 118547.
7.2
Control Cabling
Control wiring will consist of suitably protected multi-core control cables. Each multi-core cable will only service one item of equipment. Where practicable all cables connected to one group of switchgear must be segregated in the switchrooms and en route to the control room from control cables connected to any other group of switchgear. Each multi-core control cable shall be identified by a numbered label at each end and at convenient points along the route. The following reference documents define control cable requirements: AS/NZS 5000.1- Electric cables polymeric insulated for working voltages up to 0.6/1 kV AS/NZS 5000.3 - Electric cables polymeric insulated multi-core control cables AS/NZS 3808 Insulating and sheathing materials for electric cables Ausgrid Network Standard NS158 Labelling of Mains and Apparatus Ausgrid Drawing No. A2 057591 19 Zone Substations Multicore Cables Ausgrid Drawing No. 49806 11 Zone Substations Standard Combined Cable Trench and Drain Details Ausgrid Drawing No. 118547 1 Substation DIN Rail Mounted Terminals Utilux Type H3820 and H3869 General Arrangement and Stock Code No.
Low voltage control cables for Protection, Autoclosing and AC/DC Supplies shall comply with the requirements of AS/NZS 5000.3 Electric cables polymeric insulated for working voltages up to 450/750V. Low voltage control cables for solenoid and motor 110V dc supplies shall comply with the requirements of AS/NZS 5000.1 Electric cables polymeric insulated for working voltages up to 0.6/1.0kV. Low voltage control cables for Control, Indication, Measurement, Signals and Autoclosing Auxiliary Circuits shall comply with the requirements of AS/NZS 5000.3 Electric cables polymeric insulated for working voltages up to 450/750V. Low voltage Screened Twisted Pair (STP) Instrumentation Cables for Supervisory Measurement Circuits shall comply with the requirements of AS/NZS 5000.3 Electric cables polymeric insulated for working voltages up to 450/750V. Underground and external, Unscreened Twisted Pair (UTP) Telephone Cables for Tap Position Indication, Signal, Supervisory and DATT Circuits shall be jelly filled and shall comply with the requirements of Austel Standard 008.
7.3
Installation and Jointing of Control Cables

Under no circumstances will jointing or splicing of control cables be allowed. Control cables should be continuous from source to destination; however where continuous cables are not practicable connection shall be achieved via terminal blocks in a marshalling cubicle. Where control cables are gathered and laid in trenches or conduits, the trench or conduit shall be large enough to ensure that they are never more than half full of cables. Protection cables relating to A and B protection shall be run via separate routes.
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Where practicable all control cables connected to one group of switchgear must be segregated in the switchrooms and en route to the control room from control cables connected to any other group of switchgear. Each multi-core control cable shall be identified by a numbered label at each end and at convenient points along the route. All control wiring shall be numbered and coloured in accordance with Ausgrids current standard as shown on Drawings No. 057591 and 114601. To reduce the effect of transients and interference, all installations are to have AC, DC and SCADA wiring run in separate cables. Cables fitted with an overall screen, are to be earthed at one end only (preferably the source ends). Earthing conductors shall be stranded copper of minimum cross sectional area of 2.5 square millimetres with the standard green-yellow coloured insulation. All SCADA cabling shall be run in screened multi-core twisted pair cable. Pulsed output signals shall not be run in the same screened cable as digital input or analogue input signals. It is permissible to run digital input signals in the same cable as analogue input signals PROVIDED that the cores carrying the different signals are not in the same twisted pair. Each end of a core shall be provided with core identification ferrules. The ferrules shall be Telemecanique (Type 200 AI-MB01) or similar as approved by Ausgrid. Ferrule colours shall be white background with black lettering. Wire codes are to be as per Appendix D of AS 2067. No pressure or tension shall be exerted on the termination. The weight of the multicore cable shall be taken by cable glands, cable clamps or cable ties. All equipment terminals shall be of the screwed type. Quick connector spade type terminations shall not be used. All UTP telephone cables shall be terminated on Krone LSA Plus termination blocks. Compression type solderless lugs shall be used at the terminations of all stranded wires. The lugs shall be manufactured from high conductivity seamless copper tube stock and the correct size of lug and compression tool should be used to suit the wire. The shank of the lug shall be protected by insulating tubing to prevent direct or accidental contact with adjacent terminations. A Utilux type H2037 terminal lug or an approved equivalent is required
7.4
Cable Ladders
The design, manufacture and installation of cable ladder shall comply with the requirements of NEMA VE 1-1984 Cable ladder shall have a load capacity equivalent to NEMA Class 16B. The maximum safe load shall be 245 kg/m at 3.0-m support spacing with a factor of safety of 1.5. Cable ladder shall be fabricated from steel with horizontal rungs at 300-mm spacing welded to vertical side rails. Slots shall be provided in the horizontal rungs for cable fastening. The design of the side rail profile shall minimise the possibility of collecting spillage material and liquids within spaces in the side rail, particularly where cable ladder is installed on edge. All cable ladder and fittings shall be hot dip galvanised after fabrication. Aluminium cable ladder can be used as an alternative -it also can be utilised for basement earthing conductor provided it has sufficient short time rated earth fault-current carrying capacity. All cable ladders shall have a spare capacity of at least 25 per cent of ladder width after all cables are installed. The route shall be designed to be clear of pipes and valves and shall not obstruct access to plant and equipment. The cable ladder shall be designed for straight lines parallel to walls and floors. Where cable ladders are installed one above the other the minimum spacing between each level of ladder shall be 300 mm. Cables shall be arranged with power cables positioned above control and instrumentation cables.
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Where cable ladders are installed in plant rooms or across walkways the minimum clear height from floor or ground level to underside of ladder shall be 2.1 m. Factory fabricated bends, risers, tees and crosses shall be used for all connections and changes of direction. All fittings shall maintain the specified minimum bending radius for the largest cable to be installed on the ladder run. Support brackets shall be installed at the required spacing to suit the load capacity of the cable ladder and to limit mid span deflection to a maximum of 20 mm with all cables installed. Support brackets shall be provided at all connections or changes of direction in accordance with the recommendations of NEMA VE 1. Support brackets shall be fabricated from Unistrut channel and accessories. Cable ladder shall be firmly attached to each support bracket using hold-down clamps designed for the purpose. Wherever possible brackets shall be installed to support the cable ladder from one side only, so as to leave the other side open for easier installation of cable, unless centre support brackets are utilised In areas exposed to direct sunlight or where cables would be vulnerable to damage from falling objects or build-up of spillage material, continuous galvanised steel cable ladder covers shall be fitted. Covers shall be peaked to give rigidity and shall allow air circulation to avoid additional de-rating of the cables. Covers shall be securely attached to the cable ladder with clamps or hook bolts of an approved design and which allow easy removal and replacement. All cable ladder runs shall be electrically continuous and securely bonded to the main earthing system with minimum 70 mm2 insulated cable.
7.5
Control Cable Trenches, Conduits and Pits

Control and Protection cables within an outdoor switchyard area shall generally be installed in cable trenches with removable covers or in conduits between pre-cast cable pits. Requirements for Trenches, Conduits and pits are fully specified in NS186 Major Substations Civil Design Standard. Cable trenches shall be in accordance with Ausgrid Drawing No. 49806 11 Zone Substations Standard Combined Cable Trench and Drain details.
7.6
Fibre Optic Control Wiring

The requirements for fibre optic cabling within substations, including cable types, cable routing and cable terminations are identified in NRS 203, Planning and Design Standards for Communication Assets used with Protection Systems, NRS 208 Design and Installation of Ausgrid Communication Cabinets and NS 213 Network Design IEC61850 Compliant Substation, which is under development.
NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602
27
April 2008
8
8.1
Communications Protocols
Present Practice
Ausgrid has implemented a number of different protocols for SCADA systems within substations. The present practice is to use DNP3. In some instances DNP3 is also used as a communications protocol for integrated protection systems.
8.2
IEC 61850 Implementation

It is intended that Ausgrid implement a process to define substations and substation equipment in accordance with IEC 61850. One aspect of IEC 61850 is the protocol which devices use for communications within the substation. It is intended and anticipated that the IEC 61850 communications protocol will be implemented in two stages as follows:
8.2.1
Stage 1: Specify 61850 as the standard protocol for all substation communications
(a) Adopt the 61850 standard for all device communication within the substation, by undertaking the following practices: amend current standards to adopt the 61850 protocol; and develop and publish a specific 61850 specification to be used for all new substation and retrofit substation equipment. (b) Review and progressively replace existing substation equipment contracts to include 61850 as standard in all new substation Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). Undertake a SCADA RTU replacement program to install the 61850 distributed architecture when identified work is undertaken at major substations and incorporate this architecture into the monolithic RTU replacement program. Develop both an IT and telecommunications architecture and test plan that looks at a future best practices environment to ensure the highest level of security is maintained whilst facilitating a wide range of applications to utilize the available data. Provide centrally managed Communications Network Operations Centre (NOC) processes for managing communications switches within the substation and configured to allow both SCADA and Engineering LAN networks to operate separately within the substation. Refer NS 213 Network Design IEC61850 Compliant Substation, which is under development.
(c)
(d)
(e)
8.2.2
Stage 2: Integrated Protection and Control using 61850

(a) (b) (c) Undertake appropriate testing of integrated control and protection functions through the validation of a test plan within an Ausgrid laboratory environment. Progressively adopt 61850 functionality within substations. Develop an integrated control and protection standard design that is implemented on all new substation proposals.
NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602
Ausgrid. This document must not be reproduced in whole or in part or converted to machine readable form or stored in a computer or imaging system without the written permission of Ausgrid.
Revision History Initial issue: Second issue: 27/01/2004 09/04/2008
Document Control Authorised By: Craig Moody Manager Network Engineering Document Number: NS178 Date:27/01/2004
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NS178

Secondary System Requirements for Major Substations

66kV/11kV Substations ............................................................................ 6

3.3.2.1 3.3.2.2 3.3.2.3 3.3.2.4 3.3.2.5 3.3.2.6 3.3.2.7 3.3.2.8 3.3.2.9

33kV/11kV Substations ............................................................................ 8

3.3.3.1 3.3.3.2 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.4 3.3.3.5 3.3.3.6 3.3.3.7 3.3.3.8 3.3.3.9

3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7

CONTROL SYSTEMS ............................................................................................... 11

CONTROL PANELS, CABLING AND WIRING WITHIN SUBSTATIONS .................. 23

COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS .......................................................................... 27

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602

132kV/66kV and 132/33kV Transformers

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602

66kV and 33kV Capacitor Banks

Circuit Breaker Failure Scheme

Auto Reclose Schemes

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602

3.3.1.1 132kV Feeders

3.3.1.2 132kV/11kV Transformers

3.3.1.3 132kV Busbars

3.3.1.4 11kV Feeders

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602

3.3.1.5 11kV Busbars

3.3.1.6 11kV Capacitor Banks

3.3.1.7 Circuit Breaker Failure Scheme

3.3.1.8 Auto Reclose Schemes

3.3.2.1 66kV Feeders

3.3.2.2 66kV/11kV Transformers

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602

3.3.2.3 66kV Busbars

3.3.2.4 11kV Feeders

3.3.2.5 11kV Busbars

3.3.2.6 66kV Capacitor Banks

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602

3.3.2.7 11kV Capacitor Banks

3.3.2.8 Circuit Breaker Failure Scheme

3.3.2.9 Auto Reclose Schemes

3.3.3.1 33kV Feeders

3.3.3.2 33kV/11kV Transformers

3.3.3.3 33kV Busbars

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602

3.3.3.4 11kV Feeders

3.3.3.5 11kV Busbars

3.3.3.6 33kV Capacitor Banks

3.3.3.7 11kV Capacitor Banks

3.3.3.8 Circuit Breaker Failure Scheme

3.3.3.9 Auto Reclose Schemes

Protection Equipment Locations

Preferred Protection Relay Types

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602

Summary of Indication and Alarms

66kV Indications and Alarms:

33kV Indications and Alarms:

11kV Indications and Alarms:

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602

Details of Neutral Unbalance and Overcurrent protection operation

132kV, 66kV and 33kV Equipment

NS178 + NSAs 1473, 1480, 1498, 1515, 1555 & 1602