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Topic 3 Number Properties: Commutative Property

The document discusses three basic number properties: the commutative property, associative property, and distributive property. It defines each property and provides examples of how they apply to different arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It also covers the identity property and provides a summary table of which operations each number property applies to.

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Gautam Murthy
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173 views

Topic 3 Number Properties: Commutative Property

The document discusses three basic number properties: the commutative property, associative property, and distributive property. It defines each property and provides examples of how they apply to different arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It also covers the identity property and provides a summary table of which operations each number property applies to.

Uploaded by

Gautam Murthy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 3 Number properties

There are three basic number properties (or laws) that apply to arithmetic operations: 1. Commutative property. 2. Associative property. 3. Distributive property.

Commutative property: An operation is commutative if a change in the order of the


numbers does not change the results. This means the numbers can be swapped. Numbers can be added in any order. For example: 4 + 5 = 5 + 4 x+y=y+x Numbers can be multiplied in any order. For example: 5 3 = 3 5 ab=ba Numbers that are subtracted are NOT commutative. For example: 4 5 5 4 x y y x Numbers that are divided are NOT commutative. For example: 4 5 5 4 xyyx

Associative property: An operation is associative if a change in grouping does not


change the results. This means the parenthesis (or brackets) can be moved. Numbers that are added can be grouped in any order. For example: (4 + 5) + 6 = 5 + (4 + 6) (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) Numbers that are multiplied can be grouped in any order. For example: (4 5) 6 = 5 (4 6) (x y) z = x (y z) Numbers that are subtracted are NOT associative. For example: (4 5) 6 4 (5 6) (x y) z x (y z) Numbers that are divided are NOT associative.

For example: (4 5) 6 4 (5 6) (x y ) z x ( y z)

Distributive property:
Distributive property allows you to remove the parenthesis (or brackets) in an expression. Multiply the value outside the brackets with each of the terms in the brackets.

For example: 5(a + b) = 5a + 5b 6(c 3d + 5) = 6c 18d + 30 What happens if you need to multiply (a 3) (b + 4)? You do the same thing but with one value at a time.

For example: Multiply a with each term to get a b + 4 a = ab + 4a

Then, multiply 3 with each term to get 3b 12 (take note of the sign operations). Put the two results together to get ab + 4a 3b 12 Therefore, (a 3)(b + 4) = ab + 4a 3b 12

Identity Property
a. Addition: The sum of any number and zero is that number. 12 + 0 = 12 So 0 is called the additive identity. b. Multiplication: The product of any number and one is that number. 18 x 1 = 18 So 1 is called the multiplicative identity.

Summary of Number Properties


The following table summarizes which number properties are applicable to the different operations:

Property name Commutativ e Associative Distributive


Examples

Yes Yes Yes

No No No

+ Yes Yes No

No No No

1. Simplify 3a 5b + 7a. Justify your steps. The steps involved are as follows Step 1 : 3a 5b + 7a original (given) statement Step 2 : 3a + 7a 5b Commutative Property Step 3 : (3a + 7a) 5b Associative Property Step 4 : a(3 + 7) 5b Distributive Property Step 5 : a(10) 5b simplification (3 + 7 = 10) Step 6 : 10a 5b Commutative Property 2. Simplify 3(x + 2) 4x. Justify your steps. The steps involved are as follows Step 1 : 3(x + 2) 4x Step 2 : 3x + 32 4x Step 3 : 3x + 6 4x Step 4 : 3x 4x + 6 Step 5 : (3x 4x) + 6 Step 6 : x(3 4) + 6 Step 7 : x(1) + 6 Step 8 : x + 6 original (given) statement Distributive Property simplification (32 = 6) Commutative Property Associative Property Distributive Property simplification (3 4 = 1) Commutative Property

3. Why is 12 3x = 3(4 x)? They are factored: Distributive Property

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