Scribd
Upload
30 views

Today: Section 8.1 L'Hôpital's Rule: X X X X X

This document provides an overview of L'Hopital's rule, which can be used to find the limit of an indeterminate form, such as 0/0, ∞/∞, ∞*0, ∞-∞. It defines the basic and stronger forms of L'Hopital's rule and provides examples of applying it to find limits that are indeterminate forms. It also discusses how to rewrite other indeterminate forms, such as 1∞, 00, ∞0, into forms where L'Hopital's rule can be applied by taking logarithms or combining fractions. The document concludes with assigning homework problems related to applying L'Hopital's rule.

Uploaded by

masyuki1979
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views

Today: Section 8.1 L'Hôpital's Rule: X X X X X

This document provides an overview of L'Hopital's rule, which can be used to find the limit of an indeterminate form, such as 0/0, ∞/∞, ∞*0, ∞-∞. It defines the basic and stronger forms of L'Hopital's rule and provides examples of applying it to find limits that are indeterminate forms. It also discusses how to rewrite other indeterminate forms, such as 1∞, 00, ∞0, into forms where L'Hopital's rule can be applied by taking logarithms or combining fractions. The document concludes with assigning homework problems related to applying L'Hopital's rule.

Uploaded by

masyuki1979
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

AP Calculus

8.1

2/8/10

Today: Section 8.1 LHpitals Rule


Weve seen many limits. lim x 2 = ?
x2

lim

sin x = ? x 0 x x 2 5x 6 = ? lim x 1 x +1 2 x 2 3x =? lim 2 x x 5

x3 1 1+ x 1 ? Or lim 2 x 1 x 1 x 0 x Johann Bernoulli discovered a rule for finding hard limits, if they were of a particular form. What about lim If functions f(x) and g(x) are both zero at x = a, then f ( x) lim cannot simply be found by substituting x = a. The substitution produces 0/0, which x a g ( x) is called an indeterminate form. (meaning we cannot determine the value of the ratio.) Bernoullis discovery is known as LHpitals Rule (Because LHpital wrote a textbook (the first on differential calculus) with the rule in it): LHpitals Rule (First Form) Suppose that f(a) = g(a) = 0, that f(a) and g(a) exist, and that g(a) 0, then f ( x) f ' (a ) lim = x a g ( x) g ' (a )
d 1 + x 1 dx 1 + x 1 1 /(2 1 + x ) = = = d x 0 x=0 1 x dx x Look at the graph look at the values of f & g as x --> a and at the slopes as x --> a.

Using LHpitals Rule, lim

Proof: (remember that f(a) must = g(a) = 0)

f ( x) f (a ) f ( x) f (a ) lim f ( x) f ( x) 0 f ( x) f (a ) f ' ( x) xa xa xa lim = lim = lim = lim = = x a g ( x) x a g ( x) 0 xa g ( x) f (a ) xa g ( x) f (a ) g ( x) f (a ) g ' ( x) lim x a xa xa

Example 2 1 cos x lim x 0 x + x 2

Page 1 of 4

AP Calculus

8.1

2/8/10

LHpitals Rule (Stronger Form) Suppose that f(a) = g(a) = 0, that f(a) and g(a) exist, and that g(a) 0 if x a , then f ( x) f ' (a ) lim = lim xa g ( x) x a g ' (a ) Notice, we still need the indeterminate form 0/0 to start with. The stronger form says that we can take the derivative repeatedly if needed. Example 3 1+ x 1 x / 2 lim x 0 x2 LHpitals Rule works with one-sided limits, as well. Example 4 sin x cos x lim = lim+ = 2 + x 0 x 0 2x x and sin x cos x lim lim = = - 2 x 0 x x 0 2 x

Other Indeterminate Forms


LHpitals Rule works with situations where the limit ratio = /, too: f ( x) f ' (a ) lim = lim (a may be finite or infinite) xa g ( x) x a g ' (a ) Example 5 sec x a) lim x / 2 1 + tan x ln x b) lim x 2 x Sometimes were given the indeterminate form * 0: (rewrite to look like 0/0): Example 6 1 sin(h) 1 lim x sin substitute x = 1/h: lim sin( h) (=0/0) = lim =1 x h 0 h h 0 x h Sometimes we have the indeterminate form - (combine fractions to get 0/0):

Page 2 of 4

AP Calculus

8.1

2/8/10

Example 7 1 1 lim x 1 ln x x 1 combine the fractions: x 1 ln x which is now 0/0; take the derivative: = lim x 1 ( x 1) ln x 1 1/ x x 1 = lim (still 0/0; differentiate again) = lim x 1 x 1 x 1 x ln x + x 1 + ln x x 1 = = lim x 1 2 + ln x

Indeterminate Forms 1, 00, 0


Use logarithms to write in forms that we can deal with. Example 8 x 1 lim1 + x x 1 x ln1 + 1 1 x ln 1 + = let f(x) = 1 + , take the log of both sides: ln(f(x)) = x x x 1/ x 1 ln1 + lim ln( f ( x )) so x = x lim x 1/ x differentiate: 1 lim 1 =1 = x 1+ x 1 f ( x) = lim e ln( f ( x ) = e1 = e so lim1 + = lim x x x x Example 9 indeterminate form 00 lim xx +
x 0 x

ln x take the log of the function f(x) = xx : ln(f(x)) = x ln(x) = 1 x ln x 1/ x x =0 lim ; differentiate: lim = xlim 0 + x 0 + 1 / x x 0 + 1 / x 2 Page 3 of 4

AP Calculus

8.1

2/8/10

f ( x) = lim x x = lim e ln f ( x ) = e0 = 1 so xlim + + + x 0 0 x 0 Example 10 indeterminate form 0


x 1

lim x

HW: Read Section 8.1 Do Pg 423# 3-30, mult of 3, Warm-up Tuesday: # 52

Page 4 of 4

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy