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Lecture#18 LHopitals Rule

Calculus

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11 views

Lecture#18 LHopitals Rule

Calculus

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umernisar053
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Calculus 1

MTH 101

Lecture#18

Zertaisha Nasir
Mathematics Department,
COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OOmWKW2rVhf-
pgN8p6qE5HCeG3Rxq5nI/view?usp=sharing
REVIEW OF LAST LECTURE:

• Explicit and implicit functions


• Implicit differentiation
• Derivatives of logarithmic functions
• Derivatives of exponential functions
• Derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions
TOPICS TO BE COVERED:
• Types of Indeterminate Forms
• L’Hopital’s Rule
OBJECTIVES:

• To learn different types of indeterminate forms.


• To be able to use L’Hopital’s rule to find the limits of functions
having indeterminate form.
TYPES OF INDETERMINATE FORMS:

• Indeterminate form of type 0/0

• Indeterminate form of type ∞/∞

• Indeterminate form of type 0. ∞

• Indeterminate form of type ∞ − ∞

• Indeterminate forms of type 00 , ∞0 , 1∞


For example,
THE L’HOPITAL’S RULE FOR 0/0 FORM:
𝟎
Solution: 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎
𝟎
In each part confirm that the limit is an indeterminate form of type 0/0, and
evaluate it using L’Hôpital’s rule.

𝟎 𝟎
𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎
𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎
𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎
𝟎 𝟎

𝑑
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
= lim− 𝑑𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑑 2
𝑥
𝑑𝑥

1
= = −∞
0
𝑑
𝟎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= lim− 𝑑𝑥
𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝑑
𝟎 𝑥→0
2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= lim 𝑑𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑑 2
𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝟎
𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎
𝟎
INDETERMINATE FORMS OF TYPE ∞ ∕ ∞:
When we want to indicate that the limit (or a one-sided limit) of a function is +∞ or −∞
without being specific about the sign, we will say that the limit is . For example,

The limit of a ratio, 𝑓(𝑥)/𝑔(𝑥), in which the numerator has limit ∞ and the denominator
has limit ∞ is called an indeterminate form of type ∞/∞.
THE L’HOPITAL’S RULE FOR ∞/∞ FORM:
In each part confirm that the limit is an indeterminate form of type ∞ / ∞
and apply L’Hôpital’s rule.

∞ ∞
𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎
∞ ∞
𝑑
𝑑 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑥 = lim 𝑑𝑥
= lim 𝑑𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑑
𝑥→0 𝑑 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥
𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 ∞
𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎
∞

=
INDETERMINATE FORMS OF TYPE 𝟎. ∞:
In general, the limit of an expression that has one of the forms

is called an indeterminate form if the limits of f(x) and g(x) individually exert conflicting
influences on the limit of the entire expression. For example, the limit

is an indeterminate form of type 𝟎. ∞ ·


0. ∞ 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚

∞
𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎
∞
0. ∞ 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚

𝟎
𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎
𝟎

Using L’Hopital’s rule,


INDETERMINATE FORMS OF TYPE ∞ − ∞:

Not
indeterminate
forms
∞ − ∞ 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚

0
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
0

Using L’Hopital’s rule,


INDETERMINATE FORMS OF TYPE 00 , ∞0 , 1∞ :

1∞ 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
Indeterminate forms of types 00 , ∞0 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1∞ can sometimes be evaluated as:

• first introducing a dependent variable 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) .

• then computing the limit of ln y. Since

the limit of ln y will be an indeterminate form of type 0. ∞ · which can be evaluated


by methods we have already studied.

• Once the limit of ln y is known, it is a straightforward matter to determine the limit of


𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) , as we will illustrate in the next example.
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 1

𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑒 1
𝑦=𝑒

=𝑒

0
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
0
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Tg66XRjw6ygg8uu9QP-
o7Jzt5QURXiGD/view?usp=sharing

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