PT Activity 5.5.2: Challenge Spanning Tree Protocol: Topology Diagram
PT Activity 5.5.2: Challenge Spanning Tree Protocol: Topology Diagram
PT Activity 5.5.2: Challenge Spanning Tree Protocol: Topology Diagram
Addressing Table
Device S1 S2 S3 PC1 PC2 PC3 Interface VLAN 99 VLAN 99 VLAN 99 NIC NIC NIC IP Address 172.17.99.11 172.17.99.12 172.17.99.13 172.17.10.21 172.17.20.22 172.17.30.23 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway N/A N/A N/A 172.17.10.12 172.17.20.12 172.17.30.12
Port Assignments S2
Ports Fa0/1 - 0/5 Fa0/6 - 0/10 Fa0/11 - 0/17 Fa0/18 - 0/24 Assignment 802.1q Trunks (Native VLAN 99) VLAN 30 Guest(Default) VLAN 10 Faculty/Staff VLAN 20 - Students Network 172.17.99.0 /24 172.17.30.0 /24 172.17.10.0 /24 172.17.20.0 /24
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Learning Objectives
Perform basic switch configurations Configure the Ethernet interfaces on the host PCs Configure VLANs Configure spanning tree Optimizing STP
Introduction
In this activity, you will perform basic switch configurations, configure addressing on PCs, configure VLANs, examine the Spanning Tree Protocol and learn how to optimize it.
Switch>enable Switch#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#hostname S1 S1(config)#enable secret class S1(config)#no ip domain-lookup S1(config)#line console 0 S1(config-line)#password cisco S1(config-line)#login S1(config-line)#line vty 0 15 S1(config-line)#password cisco S1(config-line)#login S1(config-line)#end %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console S1#copy running-config startup-config Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration... [OK]
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S1(config)#vtp mode server Device mode already VTP SERVER. S1(config)#vtp domain Lab5 Changing VTP domain name from NULL to Lab5 S1(config)#vtp password cisco Setting device VLAN database password to cisco S1(config)#end S2(config)#vtp mode client Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode S2(config)#vtp domain Lab5 Changing VTP domain name from NULL to Lab5 S2(config)#vtp password cisco Setting device VLAN database password to cisco S2(config)#end S3(config)#vtp mode client Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode S3(config)#vtp domain Lab5 Changing VTP domain name from NULL to Lab5 S3(config)#vtp password cisco Setting device VLAN database password to cisco S3(config)#end
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Step 3. Configure Trunk Links and Native VLAN. Configure trunking ports and native VLAN. For each switch, configure ports Fa0/1 through Fa0/5 as trunking ports. Designate VLAN 99 as the native VLAN for these trunks. When this activity was started, these ports were disabled and must be re-enabled now using the no shutdown command. Only the commands for the FastEthernet0/1 interface on each switch are shown, but the commands should be applied up to the FastEthernet0/5 interface. S1(config)#interface fa0/1 S1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk S1(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 99 S1(config-if)#no shutdown S1(config)#end S2(config)#interface fa0/1 S2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk S2(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 99 S2(config-if)#no shutdown S2(config-if)#end S3(config)#interface fa0/1 S3(config-if#switchport mode trunk S3(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 99 S3(config-if)#no shutdown S3(config-if-#end Step 4. Configure the VTP server with VLANs. VTP allows you to configure VLANs on the VTP server and have those VLANs populated to the VTP clients in the domain. This ensures consistency in the VLAN configuration across the network. Configure the following VLANS on the VTP server: VLAN VLAN 99 VLAN 10 VLAN 20 VLAN 30 S1(config)#vlan 99 S1(config-vlan)#name S1(config)#vlan 10 S1(config-vlan)#name S1(config)#vlan 20 S1(config-vlan)#name S1(config)#vlan 30 S1(config-vlan)#name S1(config-vlan)#end Step 5. Verify the VLANs. Use the show vlan brief command on S2 and S3 to verify that all four VLANs have been distributed to the client switches. S2#show vlan brief
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VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ----------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/4, Fa0/5 Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9 Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16,Fa0/17 Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20,Fa0/21 Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1 Gi0/2 10 faculty/staff active 20 students active 30 guest active 99 management active S3#show vlan brief VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ----------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/4, Fa0/5 Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9 Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16,Fa0/17 Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20,Fa0/21 Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gi0/1 Gi0/2 1002 fddi-default active 1003 token-ring-default active 1004 fddinet-default active 1005 trnet-default active Step 6. Configure the management interface address on all three switches. S1(config)#interface vlan99 S1(config-if)#ip address 172.17.99.11 255.255.255.0 S2(config)#interface vlan99 S2(config-if)#ip address 172.17.99.12 255.255.255.0 S3(config)#interface vlan99 S3(config-if)#ip address 172.17.99.13 255.255.255.0 Verify that the switches are correctly configured by pinging between them. From S1, ping the management interface on S2 and S3. From S2, ping the management interface on S3. Were the pings successful? If not, troubleshoot the switch configurations and try again. Step 7. Assign switch ports to the VLANs. Port assignments are listed in the table at the beginning of the activity. However, since Packet Tracer 4.11 does not support the interface range command, only assign the first port from each range. S2(config)#interface fa0/6 S2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30 S2(config-if)#interface fa0/11 S2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 S2(config-if)#interface fa0/18 S2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 S2(config-if)#end S2#copy running-config startup-config
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VLAN0010 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 32778 Address 0030.F20D.D6B1 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32778 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 10) Address 0050.0F68.146E Aging Time 300 Interface ---------------Fa0/1 Fa0/2 Fa0/3 Fa0/4 Role ---Root Altn Desg Desg Sts --FWD BLK FWD FWD Cost --------19 19 19 19 Prio.Nbr -------128.3 128.3 128.3 128.3 Type -------------------------------Shr Shr Shr Shr
VLAN0020 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 32788 Address 0030.F20D.D6B1 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32788 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 20) Address 0050.0F68.146E Aging Time 300
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Cost --------19 19 19 19
VLAN0030 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 32798 Address 0030.F20D.D6B1 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32798 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 30) Address 0050.0F68.146E Aging Time 300 Interface ---------------Fa0/1 Fa0/2 Fa0/3 Fa0/4 Role ---Root Altn Desg Desg Sts --FWD BLK FWD FWD Cost --------19 19 19 19 Prio.Nbr -------128.3 128.3 128.3 128.3 Type -------------------------------Shr Shr Shr Shr
VLAN0099 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 32867 Address 0030.F20D.D6B1 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32867 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 99) Address 0050.0F68.146E Aging Time 300 Interface ---------------Fa0/1 Fa0/2 Fa0/3 Fa0/4 Role ---Root Altn Desg Desg Sts --FWD BLK FWD FWD Cost --------19 19 19 19 Prio.Nbr -------128.3 128.3 128.3 128.3 Type -------------------------------Shr Shr Shr Shr
Note that there are five instances of STP on each switch. Examine the VLAN 99 spanning tree for all three switches: S1#show spanning-tree vlan 99 VLAN0099 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 32867 Address 0030.F20D.D6B1 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32867 (priority 32966 sys-id-ext 99) Address 0050.0F68.146E Aging Time 300 Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
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--------19 19 19 19
S2#show spanning-tree vlan 99 VLAN0099 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 32867 Address 0030.F20D.D6B1 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32867 (priority 32966 sys-id-ext 99) Address 00E0.F7AE.7258 Aging Time 300 Interface ---------------Fa0/1 Fa0/2 Fa0/3 Fa0/4 Role ---Root Altn Altn Altn Sts --FWD BLK BLK BLK Cost --------19 19 19 19 Prio.Nbr -------128.3 128.3 128.3 128.3 Type -------------------------------Shr Shr Shr Shr
S3#show spanning-tree vlan 99 VLAN0099 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 32867 Address 0030.F20D.D6B1 This bridge is the root Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32867 (priority 32966 sys-id-ext 99) Address 0030.F20D.D6B1 Aging Time 300 Interface ---------------Fa0/1 Fa0/2 Fa0/3 Fa0/4 Role ---Desg Desg Desg Desg Sts --FWD FWD FWD FWD Cost --------19 19 19 19 Prio.Nbr -------128.3 128.3 128.3 128.3 Type -------------------------------Shr Shr Shr Shr
Step 2. Examine the output. Answer the following questions based on the output. What is the priority for switches S1, S2, and S3 on VLAN 99?
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What is the priority for S1 on VLANs 10, 20, 30, and 99?
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Which ports are blocking VLAN 99 on the root switch?
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Which ports are blocking VLAN 99 on the non-root switches?
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Since the bridge priorities are all the same, what else does the switch use to determine the root?
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Task 5: Optimizing STP
Because there is a separate instance of the spanning tree for every active VLAN, a separate root election is conducted for each instance. If the default switch priorities are used in root selection, the same root is elected for every spanning tree, as we have seen. This could lead to an inferior design. Some reasons to control the selection of the root switch include: The root switch is responsible for generating BPDUs in STP 802.1D and is the focal point for spanning tree control traffic. The root switch must be capable of handling this additional load. The placement of the root defines the active switched paths in the network. Random placement is likely to lead to suboptimal paths. Ideally the root is in the distribution layer.
Consider the topology used in this activity. Of the six trunks configured, only two are carrying traffic. While this prevents loops, it is a waste of resources. Because the root can be defined on the basis of the VLAN, you can have some ports blocking for one VLAN and forwarding for another. This is demonstrated below. In this example, it has been determined that the root selection using default values has led to underutilization of the available switch trunks. Therefore, it is necessary to force another switch to become the root switch for VLAN 99 to impose some load-sharing on the trunks. In the example output below, the default root switch for all VLANs is S3. Selection of the root switch is accomplished by changing the spanning-tree priority for the VLAN. The default priority, as you have observed, is 32768 plus the VLAN ID. The lower number indicates a higher priority for root selection. Set the priority for VLAN 99 on S3 to 4096. S1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 99 priority 4096 S1(config)#exit Give the switches a little time to recalculate the spanning tree and then check the tree for VLAN 99 on switch S3 (the original VLAN 99 root) and switch S1 (the non-root switch selected to become the new VLAN 99 root). S3#show spanning-tree vlan 99 VLAN0099 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 4195 Address 0050.0F68.146E Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32867 (priority 32966 sys-id-ext 99) Address 0030.F20D.D6B1 Aging Time 300 Interface ---------------Fa0/4 Fa0/1 Fa0/2 Fa0/3 Role ---Desg Root Altn Desg Sts --FWD FWD BLK FWD Cost --------19 19 19 19 Prio.Nbr -------128.3 128.3 128.3 128.3 Type -------------------------------Shr Shr Shr Shr
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S1#show spanning-tree vlan 99 VLAN0099 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 4195 Address 0050.0F68.146E This bridge is the root Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 4195 (priority 4294 sys-id-ext 99) Address 0050.0F68.146E Aging Time 300 Interface ---------------Fa0/4 Fa0/3 Fa0/2 Fa0/1 Role ---Desg Desg Desg Desg Sts --FWD FWD FWD FWD Cost --------19 19 19 19 Prio.Nbr -------128.3 128.3 128.3 128.3 Type -------------------------------Shr Shr Shr Shr
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Which ports are blocking VLAN 99 traffic on the new root?
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Which ports are now blocking VLAN 99 traffic on the old root?
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Compare the S1 VLAN 99 spanning tree above with the S1 VLAN 10 spanning tree. S1#show spanning-tree vlan 10 VLAN0010 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 32778 Address 0030.F20D.D6B1 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32778 (priority 32788 sys-id-ext 10) Address 0050.0F68.146E Aging Time 300 Interface ---------------Fa0/4 Fa0/3 Fa0/2 Fa0/1 Role ---Desg Desg Altn Root Sts --FWD FWD BLK FWD Cost --------19 19 19 19 Prio.Nbr -------128.3 128.3 128.3 128.3 Type -------------------------------Shr Shr Shr Shr
Note that S1 can now use all four ports for VLAN 99 traffic as long as they are not blocked at the other end of the trunk. However, the original spanning tree topology, with one of four S1 ports in blocking mode, is still in place for the four other active VLANs. By configuring groups of VLANs to use different trunks as their primary forwarding path, we retain the redundancy of failover trunks, without having to leaves trunks totally unused.
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