[Type text] ORGANIZATION STUDY OF KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD, PETTAH A report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for

the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of Kerala University Submitted by JASEENA.J Roll No: MGT0905016 Under the guidance of Faculty guide Project guide Ms. AMBILI.G.S VISAKH.M.S Faculty IMK Manager

H.R.

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN KERALA UNIVERSITY OF KERALA, SENATE CAMPUS THIRUVANANTHAPURAM July 2010 1[Type text] DECLARATION I declare that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, pettah submitted by me for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala is my own work. The report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree of this Univ ersity or any other University. Place: THIRUVANATHAPURAM JASEENA.J Date: Roll No: MGT0905016 2[Type text]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar professor and , Head of the Department, Institute Of Management In Kerala, University of Kerala, for inculcating me the correct spirit of mind through his valuable advice for doing the training. I hereby express my profound gratitude to Ms Ambili G.S, Faculty, IMK palayam, for her valuable guidance throughout the course of the study. My sincere thanks to Mr. M S Visakh, HR manager, Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd., f or his valuable cooperation and timely guidance, without which this Organization St udy would be an impossible one. My special thanks to Mr. S L Praveen, System Administrator for his valuable support throughout the study. Thanks are also due to Mr. Hari, the HR executive.

Last but not least, I wish to express my heart felt thanks with pleasure to my parents and all my friends for their goodwill and constructive ideas which helpe d me a lot in bringing out this work successful.

EENA.J 905016 3[Type text] SL. NO. 1. Introduction Objectives of the study Scope of the study Methodology Limitation of the study Chapterisation 1 3 3 3 3 2. Industry profile 4 3. Company profile 10 4. Organizational Structure 16 5. Data Analysis PESTLE Analysis PORTER S Analysis SWOT Analysis 55 6. Findings 61 7. Suggestions 62 8. Conclusions 64 9. Bibliography 65 4[Type text] List of charts and diagrams Sl.No. Description Page No. 1 Organization Structure 16 2 Editorial Departmentdaily 21 3 Editorial-Flash 22 4 Editorial-Magazine 23 5 Production Department 25 6 DTP section 30 7 Space Marketing Department 35 8 Product marketing Department 39 9 Debtors management Department

JAS MGT0

Contents TOPIC Page No.

43 10 Finance Department 45 11 HR Department 50 12 Systems Department 53 13 Porter s Five Force Model 58 5[Type text] Date .. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kera la Kaumudi (P) Ltd pettah submitted here is an bonafide record of the work done by Ms Jaseena.J under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree in Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala and this work has not been submitted by her for the award of any other degree, diploma or title of recognition earlier. Director: Faculty Guide Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar M.sAmbiliG.S Professor and Head of Department Faculty IMK IMK 6[Type text] CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 7[Type text] Introduction A newspaper is regularly scheduled publication containing news, information and advertising. By 2007 there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 3 95 million copies a day. The worldwide recession of 2008, combined with the rapid growth of web-based alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers closed or sharply retrenched operations. General-int erest newspapers typically publish stories on local and national political events and personalities, crime, business, entertainment, society and sports. Most traditio nal papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor and columns that express the personal opinions of writers. Other features include di splay and classified advertising, comics, and inserts from local merchants. The newspa per is typically funded by paid subscriptions and advertising. A wide variety of materi al has been published in newspapers, including editorial opinions, criticism, persuasio n and op-eds ; obituaries; entertainment features such as crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes; weather news and forecasts; advice, food and other columns; reviews of movies, plays and restaurants; classified ads; display ads, editorial cartoons a nd comic strips. Newspaper and newspaper advertising has been the most important tool in shaping the growth and development of any society in the modern world. More than

anything, they have been very instrumental in bridging the communication gap between people that contributes to the air of awareness in a society. Newspapers are an important media for spreading both national and international news. It plays crucial role in the society. The news paper industry in every country stands out as an influential body contributing to the development of the modern society by acting as one of the most potential platform for exchange of thoughts and opinions. One of the most crucial tasks of newspaper industry is its contribution towards the economi c and industrial development of a country through its assimilation of the people s voice . The Indian newspaper industry has passed various stages of evolution to reach the status that it enjoys today - that of a leading press arena in the world. Th ere are hundreds of newspapers that reach out to the people of this vast country in enor mous 8[Type text] numbers every morning. A typical Indian, daily newspaper is the staple diet for a typical Indian, bringing him/her news from all over the globe. This organization study has been conducted in Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. Kerala Kaumudi, the greatest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the st ate and the country with editions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur , Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi is a Malayalam daily which provides truthful news. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd consists of all functional departments and thereby gets an idea about all departments. So an organization study was conducted at Kerala Kaumudi (P) L td with an aim of getting awareness of their functioning and final procedures of th at organization. 9[Type text] 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To identify the functions, duties, responsibilities and maintenance of each departments. 2. To verify how far the organization structure is successful in accomplishing t he objectives of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. 1.2 METHODOLOGY The study is primarily descriptive and analytical in nature. For conducting the study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected by observation and personal interviews with the managers and other staffs in the organization. Secondary data was collected from company records, previous studies conducted in the organization and company website. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study helps in bridging gap between the theory and practice of management. It offers great scope to Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd in some areas where

they are considered weak. The scope of the study also extends to other media companies and future researchers. 1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 1. An in-depth study was not possible because the time limit was the main constraint. 2. Since Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, is a private sector company, access to some important information was restricted. This made some difficulties during the time of analysis. 10[Type text] 2.1 NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY When newspapers and magazines are combined, print is the world's larges t advertising medium. An increase in the newspaper sale has been witnessed in almo st all continents including Asia, Europe, Africa and South America except North America, which registered a decline in the sales. Global newspaper sales rose 2. 3% in 2006, India grew 13 %. Advertising revenues in paid dailies had been found up 3 .77 per cent. China, Japan and India account for 60 of the world s 100 best-selling da ilies while the five largest markets for newspapers are China, India, Japan, the US an d Germany. 2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NEWSPAPERS IN INDIA Indian journalism on modern lives began in 1780 at Calcutta with the publication of Bengal Gazette by J.A. Hicky in England. This was followed by a number of periodicals in English; mostly for the benefit of English people in In dia. Vernacular journalism was slow on the uptake. Nevertheless, a number of periodic als, most of them short lived appeared in India, in latter half of 19 th century. Most of the vernacular journals owned their origin to the national consciousness awakened by the revolution of 1857 against British rule in India. Naturally the tone and the tem per displaced the British administration. The result was vernacular press act, 1878 which strictly controlled Indian papers. With the growth of national movement drastic press legislation followed one another such as the newspaper incitement Indian state a ct, 1922, official secrets act, 1923 and Indian states protection act, 1934 During t he second world war, when administrators wanted the cooperation of Indian people, a gentleman s agreement was concluded between the government and the press, which resulted in the press advisory committee at the entire states. This give press a consultative status. Before partition, Lahore was the hub of print media and almost all the newspapers of the United Punjab were published from there. After the holocaust partition, the press shifted to Jalander and stated afresh with limited means. W hen 11[Type text] India became independent, there was no longer any antagonism between the government and the people. The press was free to play an entirely new role. In M arch 1947, the government appointed a press laws enquiry committee as a result on whi ch

the urbanism provision of co operation between the government and the press was inaugurated. Newspaper was published from all the starts and Union territories e xcept from Arunachal Pradesh and Lakshadweep. UP, claimed the top position with 3879 newspaper/ periodicals published from the states. The Indian print media consists of 36 centenarians. Newspapers were brought out in 93 languages and dialects. Apart from the sixteen principle languages, th e highest circulated newspaper Yomini Shim bun founded in 1874 of Japan which attained a figure of 14474573 on April 1, 1988. This has been achieved by totali ng the figures of editors published in various centers with a morning circulation of 50 17984. The bulkiest or the largest newspaper is the New York Times. Sunday edition date s in 1965 which had around 946 pages. Newspapers in 1990 are an interesting thing to watch. It is filled with information that ranges from cryogenic to cattle feeding, biotechnology to ladie s fashion to suit people in all walks of life. Newspapers have played an important role in public affairs throughout the world, whether it is in USA or in India or anyw here. Newspapers help citizen to these countries to know what is going on in their cou ntry and in rest of the world as well. The growing electronic media is catching the importance of newspaper. With the advent of satellite televisions the world has contracted to our fingertips. Even then the newspapers role will not be much cha nge. It will continue as a society s primary instrument for mass communication. In Indi a, newspapers are published in about 100 regional languages and dialects other than Hindi and English. Over the years, the number of dailies has steadily increased. Their number increased to 5638 in 2001 from 5364 in the previous year, i.e. by 5.11 pe r cent. The total circulation of daily newspaper was 5,78,44,236 in 2001. In 2001, The Hindu, an English daily, published from Chennai was the largest circulated single edition daily with claimed circulation of 9,37,222 followed by Hindustan times, English Daily, published from Delhi with a circulation of 9,09, 278. 12[Type text] Anand Bazar Patrika, Bengali daily, came third, whereas The Times of India, Engl ish daily, was fourth. With such a huge number of newspapers and such enormous circulation, the supply chain model for the newspaper industry is a challenge in itself. Moreover , due to the perishable nature of the product, its distribution needs all the more imp ortance. A newspaper industry consist five major functional areas include editorial, advertising, production, administration, and circulation. Editorial supplies the raw material, which is transformed to the finished product through printing. The marketing function is performed by advertising and management is done by administration. The key area of sales of the product is dealt by circulation. Th e distribution channel plays an important role in newspaper industry. Newspapers are those goods which are perishable to both the manufacturer and the customer. Newspaper companies cannot print the news sections of the

newspaper in advance because of the requirement that news be timely. Additionall y, with the increase in commuting times, especially in the large, metropolitan mark ets, later delivery is also not entertained. Therefore, newspaper production or distr ibution is the problem of distributing highly perishable products under severe time constraints. The newspaper industry is becoming very competitive with the national players competing with the regional players. Newspaper is a perishable commodity and in order to cater to needs of the customer in various geographical locations , a newspaper has to publish from various locations. This helps in achieving a strat egic fit between the supply chain and customer needs. The consumers are primarily looking for a national newspaper giving regional news as well. Consumers also demand faster response because of the perishable nature of the product. In order to economize on the costs of the supply chain, t he newspaper needs to have regional publication units with both national and region al news varieties in the same newspaper. 13[Type text] As has been shown by various studies, newspaper readers do not want to spend mor e on reading a newspaper. Thus an economy of scale is very important factor for a newspaper. Newspaper should achieve a critical mass of customers to achieve economies of scale. The main drivers of supply chain are inventory, transportati on facilities, and information. Newspapers are very important in many ways. They give us lots of information about various matters at various levels that are available anywhere. Though magazines and books also give lots of information, the scope of the news there is limited to a few selected topics. Television and internet connections w hile provide news faster than the newspapers, it cannot have the width, breadth and d epth of the newspapers and do not provide the comfort of the repeated references at o ur leisure and comfort apart from harming our eyes because of the glare and being t he source of health hazards because of radiations. 2.3 International Newspapers There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized as international newspapers. Some, such as Christian Science Monitor and The International Herald Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repac kaged national newspapers or international editions of national-scale or large metropoli tan newspapers. Often these international editions are scaled down to remove article s that might not interest the wider range of readers. As English has become the international language of business and technology, many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions. In place as varied as Jerusalem and Bombay (Mumbai), newspapers are printed to a local and international English-speaking public. The advent of the Internet has also allowed the non-English newspapers t o put out a scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach. 14[Type text]

Features of a newspaper may include: Editorial opinions Comics strips and other entertainment, such as Crosswords, Sudoku and Horoscopes weather news and forecasts Advice, gossip, food and other columns Critical reviews of movies, plays, restaurants, etc. Classified ads While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialists still are some weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant, or the local gay community. 2.4 NEWS PAPER BUSINESS IN KERALA Kerala has a rate of newspaper readership that is among the highest in the world. In Kerala, there are approximately 1576 newspapers in circulation! Among these, only a few newspapers are widely circulated with a good number of readers . 2.5 LEADING MALAYALAM NEWSPAPERS Malayala Manorama: First appeared on 14th March 1890, as a weekly, currently has a readership of over 15 million, with a circulation base of over 7.4 million copies.Manorama is Kerala's largest selling and most widely read newspaper. Mathrubhumi: The first copy of Mathrubhumi went to press on 18th of March 1923. Mathrubhumi today is the second most circulated newspaper in Kerala. It is publi shed from Calicut, Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Kannur, 15[Type text] Palakkad, Malappuram and Kollam besides from Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi It has a circulation of over 13 lakhs and its readership is around 75 lakhs. Des habhimani: A Malayalam newspaper run by Communist Party of India (Marxist). Started as a weekly in 1942 and converted to a daily in 1946. Deshabhimani now has six different editions: Kozhikode, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kannur, Kottayam and Trichur. Kerala Kaumudi: A popular Malayalam newspaper, founded in 1911. Published from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kannur in Kerala and Bangalore, Kerala Kaumudi is the fourth most circulated Malayalam daily. The pap er has online editions in Malayalam and English that are updated twice daily. Deepika: One of the oldest newspapers published in India. The first issue came out on 1887 April 15. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissu r, Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode Other dailies in circulation include Madhyamam, Thejas Mangalam, Janayugam, Varthamanam, Chandrika, Janmabhumi, Sirajdaily, and Grihasree. 16[Type text] Company Profile Kerala Kaumudi, the fastest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman, a man of letters and a teacher. He was also a reversed intellectual, social reformist and a true revolutionary in both letter and sprit. Under his inspiring leadership, Kerala Kaumudi has set high standards in

journalism. Kerala Kaumudi shot into limelight following the Quit India Movement . The term Kaumudi implies moonlight that blossoms the water lily. In other words, Kerala Kaumudi enlightens the entire keralites. Truly speaking, Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Shri K Sukumaran became the embodiment of Kaumudi-the full moon in enlightening the masses in the moon balanced green of Kerala. This is an apt interpretation of Kerala Kaumudi. Because of its fearless unbiased editorials and relentless dedication, the term Kerala Kaumudi becomes immortal and permanently etched in the minds of common man. And it is precisely these qualities that prompted the nation to con fer on the founder Editor P Sukumaran, one of its highest civilian honours, the prestig ious Padmabhushan. The Kerala Kaumudi legacy has been its constant pursuit for truth and unparalleled excellence in Journalism. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the state and the country with ed itions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur, Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Now Kerala Kaumudi is celebrating its 99 years of publicati on Pioneer 17[Type text] Kerala Kaumudi is the first newspaper to introduce Investigative Journalism under the dynamic leadership of its Founder-editor, Padmabhushan K Sukumaran. It was the first among the newspapers in Kerala to introduce new technologies like photo type setting, cable transmission and computerized accounting. It was also one among the first few news papers to launch an internet edition. CORPORATE OFFICE The registered office of the company named Kaumudi Buildings is located at Pettah , a developed part in Thiruvananthapuram city. It is the place where the administration of the company is being carried out. 3.1 VISION AND MISSION Shri C V Kunjuraman started Kerala Kaumudi as a weekly in 1911 with a vision to spread over the principles of Sreenarayana Guru. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and fearless views. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY 1. To carry on business of proprietors and publishers of news paper, journals, magazines, periodicals, books and pamphlets and other literary works and undertakings. 2. To understand and execute any trusts or to act as trustees or to do any other such act as may seen desirable or beneficial whether with or without consideration. 3. To establish, maintain and promote any agency or branch offices of the compan y in India or elsewhere and to regulate the same or discontinue the same. 4. To promote any other company or companies for the purpose of acquiring any privilege, concession, property or assets of any person, firm or undertakings or other rights and liabilities of such other company or companies or concerns or

18[Type text] business as the case may be as conductive to or beneficial for the purpose of th e company. 3.3 CIRCULATION AND READERSHIP Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash around 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships. 3.4 SHARE CAPITAL The authorized capital of the Company is Rs 30,00,000 (Thirty Lakhs) divided into 3000 Equity shares of Rs.1000 each. Shares shall be under the control of t he Directors who may issue, allot or dispose of same to such persons and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as they may think fit. The company may form time to time by ordinary resolution increase its share capital by such amount as it thinks expedient by issuing new shares of such amou nts as it thinks fit. 3.5 GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY The Kerala Kaumudi has been working in profit ever since in its establishment. Profits are essential for the survival of the business. They co ver the risks and cost of staying in business. Profits maintain the revenue generating c apacity of the business. 3.6 RAW MATERIALS Materials constitute a significant part of cost of products. The important raw materials needed for the company are 1. News print 2. Ink 3. Plate 19[Type text] News print is allocated based on requirements of newspaper by Registrar of News papers of India, New Delhi and supplied mainly by STC of India. The STC supplies the imported news print Canadian, Russian etc. 3.7 SISTER CONCERNS 1. Kalakaumudi Printers and Publications 2. Ravi Printers and Publications Pvt Ltd 3. Kaumudi Investment Pvt Ltd 3.8 COMPETITORS TO KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Malayala Manorama 2. Mathrubhumi 3. Deshabhimani 4. Mangalam 5. Deepika 3.9 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COMPANY The specialty of Kerala Kaumudi Products is that they are offered at fair prices , which is affordable to the common man. Their contribution towards the developme nt of local community life is a notable one and it is working in public interest. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd has brought many sensitive news like Palmoil case, SSLC question paper leak out etc. Kerala Kaumudi has been obsessed with truth over 96 years. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with Forth right news and fearless views. Stresses on credibility and unbiased reporting , which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. Kerala Kaumudi s crusading journalism has made a class of its own in the lives of Malayalees. The newspaper s constant effort to safeguard the policy of communal reservation in Kerala is a shinning example Kerala Kaumudi s strong commitment to

the welfare of the state. Kerala Kaumudi is the mastermind behind innumerable sc oop 20[Type text] stories, which demolished the ivory towers of many unparallel icons of Kerala politics. 3.10 FUTURE PLANS OF THE COMPANY The company is planning to start two media channels from 2011, the 100 th anniversary year, namely kaumudi news channel and kaumudi entertainment channel which will be launched from February 2011 most probably. The company has many plans for its future. More editions are to be launched in near future as part of Kerala Kaumudi s ambitious plan to expand its coverage to more areas. The company wants to impart some new equipments and machineries for speedy and smooth production. The company needs more efficient technicians and to compete with others. The company wants to conduct training programmes for employees. The company wishes to provide more effective and efficient labor welfare facilities to its employees. It provides many employment opportunities. 3.11 PRODUCT PROFILE PRODUCTS OF KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Kerala Kaumudi publications 1. Kerala Kaumudi daily 2. Kerala Kaumudi Flash 3. Kerala Kaumudi weekly 4. Kerala Kaumudi Panchangam 5. Kerala Kaumudi Calendar 6. Kerala Kaumudi Onam special 7. Kerala Kaumudi Sabarimala Special 8. Career Directory 9. Sree Narayana Guru Directory 10. Magic Slate 21[Type text] 2. Kerala Kaumudi Communications Kerala Kaumudi Communications focuses on audio entertainment creations. The Kerala Kaumudi GEETH series compiles melodious mixes of old and new numbers sung by all-time favorite Malayalam singers. A group of musical experts careful ly select the combinations to ensure that each release is sensitized to suit the ta stes of a unique segment. 3. Kerala Kaumudi Events wing A team of eminent professional organizes, conducts, and concludes all kinds of promotional events with a touch of class. This wing also organizes variety of s hows, shoots; arrange sponsors and broadcasts stage events on leading Malayalam channe ls worldwide. 4. Online publications Kerala Kaumudi leaped into internet 1997 in their business in online publication s are a natural growth into cyber age of Kerala Kaumudi. Kerala Kaumudi internet division or cyber studio has emerged as one of the leading web publishers of Ker ala. 24 hour data updation is done here. It is the chief source of information for NR Is from Kerala. Kaumudi sites growth and success spring from their conscious awareness o f the huge expatriate malayalee population and their abiding interest in their hom e land.

1. www.keralakaumudi.com {Malayalam Daily) 2. www.kaumudi.com (English Daily) 3. www.kaumudijalakam.com (bilingual news magazine) 4. www.sundaykaumudi.com (web tabloid). 5. www.kaumudiclassifieds.net 6. www.kaumudiusa.com (the newest addition to Kerala Kaumudi galaxy of websites)-bilingual multicultural site 22[Type text] Kaumudiusa.com is an exclusive bilingual North American Malayali targeted site, kaumudi jalakam, an innovative Malayalam net weekly and Kaumudi online, a net-only English daily, have proved to be big draws with expatriate keralites. CHART NO.1 Organization Chart of Kerala Kaumudi 23 Managing Director or Joint Managing Director Chairman/ Editor in Chief Board of Directors Chief General Manager Marketing director Corporate Administration Business Units Administration Corporate Heads Human Resource Management Production Head AGM (Marketing) Chief Manager (Finance & Accounts) Unit Chief Unit Manager Managing Editor Editorial Department Associate Editor Chief News Editor General Editor Chief Manager (Special Projects) General Manager Company secretary[Type text] The above organization chart provides a bird s eye-view of relationships between different departments or divisions of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. As far a s Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is concerned Chairman/ Managing Director is at the top of the Organization structure. Mr. M S Mani is the Chairman of the company. He als o holds the position of the Chief Editor of the company. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is a private sector company which is registered under Indian Companies Act, 1913. At present board of directors includes Shri M S Man i, Shri M S Madhusoodhan, Shri M S Sreenivasan, and Shri M S Ravi. Shri M S Sreenivasan is the present M.D and Joint Managing Director of the Company. Chief General Manager, Company Secretary and Managing Editor are directly controlled by the Managing Director. Smt Anju Sreenivasan is the Chief General Manager. Shri Deepu Ravi is the Managing Editor of the company. The Editorial Department is under the control of Managing Editor. Corporate Administration and Business unit administration wings are controlled by General Manager, Shri M K Karthikeyan. Corporate Heads include the corporate department heads of Kerala Kaumudi. The functional departments are Human Resource Management, Production department, Marketing Department, Finance and

Accounts Department and Special Projects. Assistant General Manager (Marketing) controls Space Marketing Department, New Product Marketing department and Debtors Collection Management Department. 4.1 ADMINISTRATION Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd carries out its functions and manages its affairs through the following managerial personnel. 1. Board of Directors and Managing Director 2. Company Secretary 3. Chief General Manager 4. General Manager and Functional Managers 24[Type text] 5. Unit Chiefs POWER OF DIRECTORS: 1. To appoint and at their discretion remove or suspend such managers, secretaries, officers, clerks, agents and servants for permanents, temporary or special services as they may from time to time think fit. 2. To appoint any person to accept and hold in trust for the company any property belonging to the company 3. To secure the fulfillment of any contract or engagements entered into by the company 4. To purchase or otherwise acquire for the company any property, rights or privileges which the company is authorized to acquire 5. To give receipts, releases and discharges on behalf of the company 6. To invest and deal with any moneys of the company not immediately required for the purpose of its business in such manner as they think fit. 7. To draw, accept, endorse and negotiate all such cheques, bills of exchange, drafts, promissory notes and government and other securities in connection with the business. 8. The vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors shall be filled up by the Board of Director who may fix the period for which such Director shall hold office Duties of General Manager 1. Leads the administration, marketing and circulation department. 2. Formulate a financial budget and planning in tune with the growth and stability of the organization. 3. Advise the top management on appropriate steps to be taken to make this a better organization so that each and every employee feels he is a valuable member in the organization and develop better a team concept for enabling him to contribute his best. 25[Type text] Functions of Company Secretary Company secretary is an officer of the company, who has certain responsibilities under the law and under any duties passed to him by the directors. The role of company secretary is administrative rather than managerial. The functions are.. 1. The company Secretary performs all duties that he is required to perform unde r the Companies Act. 2. He supplies required data to the company s advocates in connection with legal matters. 3. He is directly accountable to Board of Directors. Functions of Unit Chief 1. Head of unit task force 2. Formulates the task force decisions 3. Coordinates the activities of each unit 26[Type text] 4.2 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Editorial department is considered as the nucleus of every newspaper company. This department plays a major role of collecting the news till printing . Teams of experts are working in this department. Each page of the newspaper is

drafted by separate group of people. The selection of news, the headlines and th e way of presentation are all done by the journalists. The life stories of an individu al is always presented in an inverted pyramid i.e., beginning from their death till th eir time of birth and the main source of this information is a well equipped library. As name implies the reporters, general public and correspondents bring the news. The cop y desk handles the general news and local desk handles the local news. The news bureau gathers the news and the news desk edit and proof reads according to the style book. There is a deadline for each news. The headings are given by the editors. MOTTO OF KERALA KAUMUDI Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Company has an efficient news team. And its wide network is spread through out the country. It has 9 editions spreads over Kerala, Bangalore. The newspape r stresses on credibility and that is the only reason why Kaumudi is still a major player in the market. The Editorial Department is headed by the Chief Editor. Under him come Managing Editor, Executive Editor, Associate Editor, Deputy Editor and Chief New s Editor. Under them come the News Editors, Deputy News Editor, Chief Sub Editor, and Senior Sub Editors and Sub Editors. 27[Type text] CHART No.2 Structure of Editorial Department-daily 28 Chief Editor Managing Editor Executive Editor Associate Editor Chief News Editor Editorial Section Chief Sub Editor Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer[Type text] 29[Type text] CHART NO.3 Structure of Editorial Wing - Flash 30 Managing Editor General Editor Editor in-charge Chief Sub Editor

Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor[Type text] CHART NO.4 Structure of Editorial wing - Magazine 4.1 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Chief Editor Chief Editor controls the functions of the editing and reporting sections. Edito rial Policies of News paper are formulated by the Chief Editor. Executive Editor Executive editor is responsible for the execution of the policies formulated by the Chief Editor. He undertakes planning, administration and implementation of the policies in consultation with the Chief Editor. Associate Editor Associate Editor monitors both national and international news Chief News Editor 31 Managing Editor Sub editors Trainees [Type text] Works according to the policy of the management Gives orientation Gives suggestions for improvement to the Department Gives overall guidance News Editors News Editors edits general news / monitors television channels and internet. Sub editors Sub editors engage in news translation and editing activities 4.3 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The hierarchy of production department starts from editorial department. It wor ks in connection with DTP section and Circulation Department. Edited news from the editorial department reaches the DTP section through news editors. From DTP sec tion it is send to proof reading section then again to the DTP section then to the News Editor. He decides the intensity of the matter and he sets news in different pages. The news editor also decides upon the different size of caption used for different news. After the page transfer is done. 32[Type text] CHART NO.5 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Electrical Section Electrical section deals with repairing all electrical equipments, maintena nce of motors in order to avoid any break down during production. It is the duty of el ectrical engineers and electricians to make sure the uninterrupted power supply in the de

partment. Mechanical Section Mechanical wing deals with the repair maintenance, preventive maintenance and shut down maintenance for machines. For this minimum numbers of persons employe d. 33 Editorial department Production Head Mechanical section Electrical section Print production Mechanical engineer Asst. mechanical engineer Fitters Electrician in charge Asst. electrician Production manager Production superintendent Supervisors Foremen[Type text] They will try to solve any problem relating to the machines. Assistant Engineer assists the Mechanical Engineer for maintenance works. Fitters help the Assistant Engine er for doing maintenance work. They check and maintain the press in good condition. Print Production The basic function of production department in Kerala Kaumudi is printing newspapers. The printing of Kerala Kaumudi newspaper is undertaken by M/s. Ravi Printers and Publishers Private Limited. Printing is done in accordance with th e print order given to the foreman by the Circulation Department. Raw materials for prin ting are issued by the Materials Department. Printing of news paper is after 12.00a.m. P rinting of Flash begins at 11.45 and Magazine printing is on every Monday 3.00 p.m. The Print Production section mainly handles the following functions. Pasting Plate making Printing and Despatching RAW MATERIALS I. News print The size of newsprint is 70cm and 45 GSM (Gramage per square meter). As the GSM increases copies decreases and vice versa. The main supplier of newsprint Hindustan News print Ltd, Kottayam. Imported deluxe quality news print are Supplied by Pondar Global Ltd, New Delhi. Low qual ity, recycled news print is supplied by V.G.Paper and Boards Ltd, Udumalpet, Sarvalek shmi 34[Type text] Paper and Boards Ltd, Coimbatore and Vishnupriya Papers, Chennai. These newspri nts are used for the printing of inner pages. II. Ink Two types of inks are used for printing. a. Black ink: Suppliers of black ink are Shalimar Inks and Chemicals, Aluva an d Orient Inks, Kozhikodu b. Colour Ink: Suppliers of colour ink are Galilia Chemicals, Cochin M.R. Industries, Calicut. High quality ink which is used for printing advertisement

columns are supplied by Coats Ink, Kalyan Marketing, Cochin. III. Plates Aluminum Plates are of three types: long, medium and short run. Long run plates are used for producing main pages in all editions. From a short-run plate 10,000 to 15,000 copies can be printed. These plates are procured from the dealers of TECHNOVA, Standard Missionary Sales Company, Patoor, Thiruvananthapuram and dealers of NIR AJ, News Graphics, Kottayam. The imported plate dealers are TOPAZ. IV. Chemicals Chemicals consumed are developers, universal wash, fountain solution, remover an d plate cleaner, Chemicals for film development-developer and fixer. V. Graphic Art film Usually films produced by Kodak and Agfa are used. Kodak films are supplied by Trade Links Ltd, Cochin and Agfa films are supplied by Krishna Agencies, Cochin. VI. Laser printer films VII. Tracing paper 35[Type text] 4.4 PROCESS OF NEWS PRODUCTION Newspapers are usually printed on an off-white paper known as newsprint. Making of newspapers is called journalism. Much emphasis has been placed upon the accuracy and fairness of the journalist. The actual content of publications comes from two separate departments. The ads, whether they be what many refer to as "display" ads (the ones with the borders a round them) or "line" ads (the categorized listings of text ads usually found in the c lassified section) are sold and often produced by the Space Marketing Department. Everythi ng else--the news, features, columns, photos, and stock quotes--all of that comes f rom the editorial department and is referred to as "editorial content" or simply "editor ial". 1. SOURCES Agencies like PTI (Press Trust of India), UNI (United News India). Public Relations Department Political leaders Television/Internet Police Stations 2. REPORTING Reporting comprises a wide network and an efficient team of reporters. They repo rt the news in an unbiased manner. The reporting section is headed by Bureau Chief. Und er him comes the Special Correspondents, Senior Photographers, Photographers, Chief Reporters, Senior Reporters, Reporters and the Trainees. The Bureau is co nnected to the desk of editing section. The company has 42 local Bureaus. 3. NEWS STORY 36[Type text] Usually, the stories will run down columns two-and-a-sixteenth inches wide, with an eighth-inch blank space between the columns. And since ads often appear on the s ame pages as the editorial content, although it would make sense that the column wid th that

editorial uses always matches up with what advertising defines as a column, occa sionally there are exceptions. 4. EDITING This section comprises of various desks: Local desk, Main desk, Feature desk, Sp orts desk and International desk. Here the selection, editing of news, selection of photographers, page layout, and coordination is carried out. Functions of Various Desks v Local Desk Local desk edits all local news. The desk is headed by Chief Sub Editor, and und er him comes the Senior Subeditor, Subeditors and Trainees. v Main Desk Main desk edits all general news, political news, science news, national news et c. It is headed by the Chief main desk and under him comes the News Editor, Chief Editor, Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors and Trainees. v Feature Desk Feature desk edits the editorial page. It is headed by Resident Editor and under him comes Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors, and trainees. v Sports Desk Edits all sports news .It comprises of News Editor and Trainees. v International Desk 37[Type text] Edits all international news. Headed by Chief Sub Editor, under him comes Sub ed itor and Trainees. 4.5 DTP SECTION DTP is a part of the Editorial Department. DTP manager is the head of the DTP section. Pre press activities are under taken in this section. Adobe Page Maker 7.0 is the software used for pagination. The functions performed in the DTP section can be listed as follows: Firstly, the advertisement layout is setup with the requirements of advertisemen t coordinator by the operator. The remaining space on the newspaper is devoted for news. The data supplied from the desk is scanned and entered into the computers by the operators. Advertisement in the PDF format from the agencies and the photographers are entered into computers through scanners. CHART NO.6 Activities of DTP Section 38 Editorial Composing Proof section Page Layout Laser Print/ film Film pasting Plate making[Type text] Composing In DTP section, data entry of the matter handed over by the editorial section is undertaken. All the input materials such as photographic reflections, originals , nonphotographic pictures are converted into digital files and resized as per r

equirement. Transmission Section transfers General pages to all editions through ISDN broadb and lines. Almost eighteen staffs are working in this section in 4 rotating shifts. Proof Section A miniature printout of A4 size will be send to editorial proof and advertisemen t proof section. Corrections are carried out after proof reading by the operators. Layout Then each page is made by the concerned desk chiefs with the support of operators. Matter is sorted again and page order is checked. Layout sheets are marked with vertical lines that correspond to the column widths of your publication, as well as horizontal markers that correspond to the units your newspaper uses to measure t he height of the ad, usually inches or centimeters. Laser Print Output Black and white pages are printing in laser printer. Image Setting The matter pages containing four colours i.e. the primary colors, cyan, magenta, yellow and black composed in PageMaker are converted to Post script files or pd f format using Torrent v6.0 SP3 software. These files are transferred to Graphic Art fil ms using an imported Image setter machine, Scantext Othello . These graphic art films are processed in the machine Image Line . After taking final full sized printout of ea ch page on LP/ film, these will be handed over to the Production department. 39[Type text] Stripping Color negatives are stripped together for each page. A blue-line print is made from stripped-up negatives and is used to check image position before printing. Pasting The prints are pasted on the astronel sheet. Plate making The plate is produced by a photo chemical procedure. The astronel sheet is placed on an Aluminum sheet with a chemical coating and vacuum is applied on it. After this process it is exposed to an u.v .light of 3000 W for 85 seconds. When the p lates are exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs that allows an ink-receptive coatin g to be activated. This results in the transfer of the image from the negative to the pl ate. Each of the primary colors -- black, cyan (blue), magenta (red), and yellow -- has a sep arate plate. The light passes through the non-image area and it is developed by using a devel oper. Then gum is applied on the plate to avoid oxidation. The next step after plate m aking is the printing. Printing Offset lithography is the workhorse of printing. Almost every commercial printer does it. The paper is fed through the press as one continuous stream pulled from rolls of paper. Each roll can weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (1 ton) Web presses print at very high speeds and use very large sheets of paper. Even when a 1-ton roll of paper runs out,

the presses do not stop rolling. The press has to maintain a constant balance be tween the force required to move the paper forward and the amount of backpressure (resista nce) that allows the paper to remain tight and flat while traveling through the equip ment. 40[Type text] Offset process Ink and water do not mix -- this is the underlying principle of offset lithograp hy. The ink is distributed to the plates through a series of rollers. On the press, the plates are dampened, first by water rollers, then by ink rollers. The rollers distribute th e ink from the ink fountain onto the plates. The image area of the plate picks up ink from the ink rollers. The water rollers keep the ink off of the non-image areas of the plate. Each plate then transfers its image to a rubber blanket that in turn transfers the image to the paper. This process is shown in the following figure. The plate itself does not actuall y touch the paper -- thus the term "offset" lithography. All of this occurs at an extremely high speed. The quality of the final product is often due to the guidance, expertise and equipment provided by the printer. Print quality is checked frequently by the pr ess operator. Bindery The bindery is where the printed product is completed. The huge rolls of nowprin ted paper are cut and put together so that the pages fall in the correct order. These printed news papers are manually collected, counted and packed into bundles as p er the requirement of the agents and attaches a slip containing number, number of news papers enclosed etc. Dispatching These bundles are sent through different routes to various destinations or dropping points. Just before reaching the ultimate consumers or readers, the ne wspaper bundles are collected by the concerned agents at the dropping points. They in t urn take the newspaper to the readers. 41[Type text] 4.6 SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT Marketing department deals with the space marketing of classified advertisements and display of its publications. Advertisements have been a major source of revenue for the newspapers and periodicals. Most newspapers make nearly all their money from advertising. The portion of the newspaper that is not advertising is called edi torial content. Every ad the Company sell will need to conform to the column widths of the newspaper. The width of every newspaper page can be broken down into columns of equal size. How wide a column can be seen by looking at how the editorial copy f lows on a page. Usually in the case of news paper 60% of space in it is meant for news a nd 40%

of space is meant for advertisement. FUNCTIONS Planning, analyzing and implementation of advertising activities. Monitoring advertisement collection activities. Coordinating the activities relate with publication of regular and periodical supplements. Coordinating the activities of the field executives both inside and outside Kera la. Research and development activities to update with changes in the industry. Arranging periodical get together of advertisement agencies and regular clients. Conducting periodical training programs for Marketing Executives. 42[Type text] CHART NO.7 STRUCTURE OF SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT- Flash & Morning Daily 43 Hari Asst Manager Debtors Mgmt Receivables team Assistant General Manager Manager Corporate Operations Manager Debtors Mgmt Manager Flash Corporate Asst Manager Corporate Commn. AAM DTP Office Asst.Cross Checking Office Asst.Voucher Billing Dispatch RM South RM North RM Central A/c s Executive Bill wise Posting A/c s Officer Billing AM Weekly Unit Advertisement Managers Marketing Executives Customer care executives Proof Reader 1 Proof Reader 2 Proof Reader 3 DTP Staff 2 DTP Staff 1[Type text] DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Assistant General Manager AGM is directly accountable to GM. AGM is the head of Space Marketing Department & Product Marketing Department Plans, analyses and implement the entire activities in these departments. Member of corporate task force. Coordinates the entire department. Manager Corporate Operations Weekly and monthly evaluation of all units advt head. Coordinating the Billing Activities of all units. Settlement of requirements of all unit advt departments Involved in the work of corporate advt materials like rate cards proposals etc. Unit wise communications Dealing with corporate clients and agencies Asst. Manager daily Looks after all the activities connecting to advt. dept

 Controls the space marketing activities of Trivandrum unit (billing, collection and office administration) Planning meetings, Follow-up units of customer along with executives, Monitoring the executives , Collection monitoring, Bureau monitoring, 44 Hari[Type text] Conducting evaluation meeting on daily basis Asst. Advertisement Manager DTP Act as liaison between DTP and Advertisement Ensuring of scheduled ads to be carried in daily basis Ensuring timely settlement of ad matters to be present in Daily Coordinating the entire activity for ad placing in Daily Customer care executives: handle the clients and explain the schemes and service s to them. Office Asst: carries out the cross verification of advertisements before dispatc h, bills the advertisements as per the prescribed rates (see appendix) and sends these to the clients. Sources of Advertisements 1. Marketing Executives 2. Government Organization 3. Stringers 4. Advertising Agencies Types of advertisements in Kerala Kaumudi 1. Classified Advertisements: Classified advertisements will be shown in one line or three like accommodation wanted or available, change of name, thanks giving etc. 2. Matrimonial Advertisements: It is a kind of classified advertisement. Ads lik e bride, groom wanted etc are matrimonial advertisements. 45[Type text] 3. Ear panel Advertisement: The advertisement is shown on the top position in the front page on the left or both sides. This is an important source of income for the newspaper. 4. Display Advertisement: Display advertisement will be shown with in a box on any page of the news paper. The advertisement is usually given in two or more lines or quarter page or half page or full page .This is also a high income sour ce for the daily. Special Position Advertisement 1. Solus advertisement In the case of solus advertisement only particular advertisement is shown on the front page and all other advertisements are avoided. For this advertisement, the customer has to pay a high charge for covering opportunity cost. 2. Strip advertisement In the lower half of the front page there is only one advertisement is allo wed. Here also the advertiser compensates the opportunity cost. 4.7 PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT The Product Marketing Department takes care of everything after the newspaper is printed. This department is responsible for encouraging people to start or keep reading the publication Kerala Kaumudi is having fourth position in circulation. The fir

st, second 46[Type text] and third positions are held by Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi and Deshabhimani. Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash aroun d 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships Product Marketing Department is concerned with promoting the news paper there by increasing its circulation. It is a source of revenue for the newspaper. It is mainly concerned with distribution and collection of amounts from the agents. FUNCTIONS Strengthening agency network Boost up circulation Creating awareness Increase in demand Supply Market research Product Improvement CHART NO. 8 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT- FLASH & DAILY 47 Asst General Manager Chief Circulation Manager Corporate Operations Manager Corporate Operations Manager Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives Daily FLAS H Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives[Type text] Chief Circulation Manger is the head of Circulation department both for Morning daily and Flash. He is directly accountable to AGM. He plans and implements the circulation strategies for daily and flash. He identifies the weak areas of cir culation and formulates competitive promotional techniques. Managers Corporate Operations of daily and flash coordinates directs and controls the circulation activities of all the three zones viz: North, mid and s outh. Circulation Manager checks the circulation figures. He should coordinate Assistant circulation managers of all units. Morning daily and Flash Circulation Manager is assisted by Assistant Circulation Manager of all units. Under them come the S ales officer, Field Inspector, Promoters and Agents. The Assistant Manager is directl y accountable to the circulation manager. His main duties are Collection of cash f rom agents using field promoters. Circulation inspector inspects the promoters and enhances the circulation activi ty.

Promoters canvas the potential buyers. They resolve agents issue; collect from agents and resolves issue between agents and subscribers. Price of Kerala Kaumudi Dailies Morning daily: Price is Rs.4.00 and on Sundays the price is Rs.4.50 48[Type text] Flash: Price is Rs.3 Schemes for subscription 5 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.7272, Amount to pay is Rs.6500, Saving is Rs. 772 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calen dar for 5years 3 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs. 4363. Customer has to pay Rs.3900 only and he can save Rs. 463. Including free gifts-onam special panchang am and calendar for 3years 2 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.2909 Amount to pay is Rs.2650, Saving is Rs. 259 Including free gifts-onam special panchangam and cale ndar for 2years 1 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.1454 Amount to pay is Rs.1350 Saving is Rs. 104 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calend ar for 1year Publishers of commercial news papers strive for higher circulation so that advertising in their newspaper becomes more effective allowing the newspaper to attract more advertisers and to charge more for the service. BUSINESS BENEFIT SCHEME 49[Type text] As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.3695 Amount to pay is Rs.2000 Saving is Rs. 1695 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calendar for 1year. In addition to 1 year subscription business firms will also get 5x2/10x1 size black & white split edition free display advertisement. KAUMUDI CENTENARY SBS CENTENARY SBS- 1 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 5016 the amount to be paid is 2500/- savings is Rs 2516. It includes 1year newspaper 1year weekly and 5x2 cm c olour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS- 3 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 8549/- the amount to be pa id is 5500/- savings is Rs 3049. It includes 3years newspaper 3years weekly and 5x2 cm colour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS-5 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs12082 the amount to be paid is 8250/- savings is Rs 3832/- It includes 5years newspaper 5years weekly and 5x2 c m colour free display advertisement. 4.8 DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Debtors Management Department is a part of Marketing Department. The main purpo se

of this department is to Streamline and make the debt collection activities effi cient. This department works in connection with the Space Marketing Department and Product Marketing Department 50[Type text] CHART NO. 9. STRUCTURE OF DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPT. FUNCTIONS 1. Know the customer (before and during relationship) Credit check and monitor 51 Product Marketing Dept Space Marketing Dept Assistant General Manager Debtor manager Asst. Manager Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Collection executives Collection executives[Type text] Request additional financial information from customer Gain intelligence from others in the sector about the customer s payment record. 2. Define credit limit setting process Use criteria to determine whether to grant credit to a customer formalize a procedure to establish customer credit limits. Also put in place a periodic rev iew procedure. Once a credit limit is established only increase limit for a customer by followi ng the same formal procedure as when the limit was established in the first place. 3. Synchronize the actions and attitudes of the sales and credit control teams. Maintain a common policy within the company when dealing with debtors 4. Consider other forms of security or credit insurance Using financial instrume nts to get paid, Inland Letters of Credit/Bills of Exchange. 5. Ensure the production of timely and accurate management information. Understand what is happening in our Business Environment Monthly management of figures to include aged debtor listings and weekly, monthly review of overdue debtors 6. Assertive debt collection policy Formalize a graduated sequence of letters/telephone calls 4.9 FINANCE DEPARTMENT Finance department controls the overall transactions of the company. Kerala Kaumudi has 11 editions spread over Kerala, Bangalore, Mumbai and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi has a centralized accounting system. All these units have to generate t heir own funds through circulation, advertisement and other sources. The generated funds are deposited to their respective bank account (Federal Bank) because the units have no 52[Type text] authority to utilize these funds. Cheque sanctioning process is carried out at c

orporate office at Thiruvananthapuram with the approval and signature of MD & Director CHART NO.10 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE/ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT 53 Finance Manager Accounts Manager/Officer Corporate Accounts Head Flash Morning daily Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Assistant Clerks Flash Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) A/c Supervisor General A/c (Corporate) Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate )) Head of Finance/Account Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Accounts Assistant Clerks A/c Supervisor General A/c All units Morning daily Accounts Asst. Clerks Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Asst. Clerks Accounts Asst. Clerks[Type text] FUNCTIONS In every month, the corporate office will sanction Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 20,000 in advance as an imprest to all units for meeting their day-to-day expenses. At the

end of the month each unit will be sending their petty vouchers to corporate office for ava iling credit to their imprest account. COST CONTROL Kerala Kaumudi is following different cost control measures. Cost control aims a t reducing inefficiencies and wastage and setting up pre determined cost and in ac hieving them. Cost control is comparing of actual performance with the standards or targ ets and taking corrective action if any deviation is occurred. BUDGETS Kerala Kaumudi is following flexible budget. Flexible budget is one which is designed to change in accordance with the level of activity actually attained. I t provides 54[Type text] budgeted cost at different levels of activities. It is prepared after making an intelligent classification of all expense between fixed, semi variable and variable because the usefulness of such a budget depends upon the accuracy with which the expenses ca n be classified. In Kerala Kaumudi most of the accounting and technical matters are such as inventory control, production planning and control through linear programming, p ay roll accounting, sales accounting, budgetary control and standard costing are compute rized. DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES FINANCE MANAGER Member of corporate task force. Accountable to GM. To give overall guidance to the functioning of the department. To maintain the finance information system like Financial Analysis, Profit and loss account analysis, Cash flow analysis, Inventory management, Budget preparation and Project evaluation. ACCOUNTS MANAGER To coordinate all functions of Accounts department. To supervise maintenance of cash books, ledger, journal etc. To fulfill statutory requirements like TDS return filing, Advance tax payments, Sales tax return filing, Fringe benefits tax, RNI return filing HEAD OF THE FINANCE /ACCOUNTS ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION To perform the functions and duties of unit chief in the absence of unit chief. To exercise the role of chief executive officer of a unit, next to unit chief. 55[Type text] EXECUTIVE FUNCTION To advice the unit chief unit manager and task force in financial matters. To forecast and estimate the financial requirements of units and to formulate sh ort term and long term plans, budgets, targets, standards etc. To meet the financial requirements in time, raise funds from appropriate outside sources and schedule the repayment. To prepare monthly profit & loss A/c and to compare the actual with the financia l plans/target and to take control measures. To monitor the collection of debts to ensure 100% collection. To ensure optimum use of resources to reduce cost of production. To perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the corporate finance

head/top management. INCIDENTAL FINANCE FUNCTION Supervision of cash receipts and disbursement. Proper custody and safeguarding important and valuable papers. Record keeping and reporting. Cash management and credit management. Assist internal auditors/inspectors assigned by CTF members/corporate finance head. Verify documentary evidence in support of a transaction. Exercise reasonable care and skill performing duties. Disclose full and fair information to the UTF and CTF. Awareness of financial position as on date. To ensure proper sequence of work to detect errors and frauds. 56[Type text] Attend training and learning programmes and keep up to date in the area of accountancy, finance and general business conditions. ACCOUNTS ASSISTANT Undertake various reconciliation works. Ledger scrutiny on monthly basis. Preparation of monthly Profit & loss A/cs CIRCULATION ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Monitoring billing and collection activities. Sanctioning of credit adjustments. Monthly closing of ledgers. Preparation of agents control accounts. ADVERTISEMENT ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Book adjustments entry Monitoring billing and payment activities. Prepare MRV (Monthly Return Verification) statement. CLERKS Voucher entry preparation Filing vouchers and its cross verification Preparation of receipts Prepare all working papers and notes made. Dispatch of bills 4.10 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 57[Type text] The management of Man is a very important and challenging job; important because it is job, not of managing men , but of administering a social system. Human Resource Management involves procedures and practices through which human resources are organized and directed towards the attainment of the individual, social and orga nizational goals. Policy of HR Department The policy of HR Department is to render effective administrative support to the organization both at corporate level and unit level in a systematic and scientif ic manner with special emphasis on human resource development and training with the laid d own quality policy of the organization. CHART NO.11 Structure of HR Department 58 General Manager Human Resource Manager Executive (HR) Front Office Executive Office

Assistants Drivers Telephone Operators Security Officer Clerk/Typist House Keeping Canteen Dispatch Supervisor[Type text] Functions HR manger is responsible for the management of the employees of both Kerala Kaum udi and Ravi Printers and publishers. The main functions of HR department include: Employment and placement Recruitment, selection and placement as per the manpower requirements of the company are the most important functions of HR Dept. Training It is the responsibility of HR Department to impart Training and development to employees both at corporate and Units whenever required. The training programme s for employees include induction, on the job training for non managerial staffs, off the job training for managerial staffs. Wage and salary administration Compensation to employees is fixed as per the Wage rates fixed by the wage board s. 1. Proper allocation of work 2. Developing and maintaining motivation for work Performance appraisal 59[Type text] Employee health, safety and welfare services Kerala Kaumudi has a hazard free working environment. No accident has been repo rted in the past years. The welfare schemes include both Statutory and Non statutory schemes. Statutory welfare schemes consists ESI, PF, EDLI, Profession tax and labor welfa re fund. Non Statutory schemes includes Canteen facility (subsidized rate), Vehicle allow ance, LTA (leave travel allowance), Kerala Kaumudi recreation club, Kerala Kaumudi employee s cooperative society, Kerala Kaumudi employee s welfare forum, Mobile allowance, Conveyance allowance, Medical allowance and City compensatory allowan ce. I. Administering employee turnover and conducting exit interviews Employee turn over rate in the previous year was 7%. In some cases exit intervie ws are conducted. II. Industry relations Maintenance of healthy and peaceful labor-management relations is the responsibi lity of the HR Dept. This includes grievance handling, maintenance of discipline etc. III. Trade Union The existing trade union in the company is AITUC. Trade union is given managemen t participation mainly in the areas of recruitment, termination, employee linked i nsurance etc. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 60[Type text] HR Manager is responsible for the overall administration of front office, House Keeping, Drivers, Dispatch, Telephone operators and security officers

? Front Office Executive attends visitors and informs the concerned person. She keeps attendance register of head office staff. ? House Keeping staffs are responsible for the good maintenance of office ? Dispatch section staffs are assigned to send courier from the corporate office and prompt maintenance of dispatch register. 61[Type text] 4.11 SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Kerala Kaumudi started to implement computerization from 1998 onwards. Since 200 6 they have been developing their own ERP (Enterprises Resource Planning) package. System Department handles maintenance of hardware and development and maintenanc e Software. As a part of boosting the implementation of MIS, the works on developi ng systems technologies is improving. CHART NO.12 Structure of system department Duties & Responsibilities System Engineer He is directly accountable to GM. Network administration. System assembling. Maintenance of network connectivity and data communication. System engineer Asst. System Engineer Programmer Hardware System executives 62[Type text] Hardware & system software maintenance. Asst. System Engineer Developing, testing and implementing required application package. Trouble shooting and upgrading installed application packages. Provide training to staffs on the newly installing packages. The recent achievements of systems departments include: Decentralized work Fast collection and payment of bills Fast and comprehensive generation of MIS reports as per the requirements of top management. The computer network system of Kerala Kaumudi includes around 100 machines and 3 servers. One server is for newspaper and for flash, one is for all period icals and other one is for software. The operating system used in servers is Linux and in client system is Windows. Since 2006 system department has been engaging in the development of in house ERP package (in Visual Basic) which is named as PRESS SOFT. The customization of circulation module has already completed. The works on the customization of advertisement, accounting, inventory and HR are in progress . 63[Type text] 5.1 PEST ANALYSIS A scan of the external macro environment in which the firm operates can be expre ssed in terms of the following factors: 1. Political 2. Economic 3. Social 4. Technological

5. Legal 6. Environmental The acronym PESTLE is used to describe a framework for the analysis of these mac ro environmental factors. A PESTLE analysis fits into an overall environmental scan . I. Political factors Political factors include Government regulations and legal issues and definite b oth formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. Some examples include: Tax policy The company is liable to all taxes imposed by Government and to the Kerala VAT. It is a source of income for our Govt. Employee Laws Environment regulations Trade restrictions and tariffs Political stability 64[Type text] Political factors won t affect media much. Kerala Kaumudi is not facing any proble ms related to political factors. II. Economic factors Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firm s cost of capital. The following are example of factors in the macro economy: Economic growth Interest rates Exchange rates Inflation rate Media is the only firm which will not get affected by any recession, global fina ncial crisis etc. It was not hit by recession III. Social factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macr o environment. These factors affect customer s needs and the size of potential marke ts. Some social factors include: Health consciousness Population growth Age distribution Career attitudes Emphasis on safety The company is trying to focus on the Ezhava Community and urging them to become a loyal customer 65[Type text] IV. Technological factors Some technological factors include: R&D activity Automation Technology incentives Kerala Kaumudi doesn t have a R&D department. The company has to bring in more efforts to technological updation in order to withstand the tight competition V. Legal Factors The company is registered under the companies Act and complies with all rules an d legal regulations as laid down by the statutes. VI. Environmental Factors

The company has no environmental problems as it doesn t produce any hazardous wast es. 5.2 Porter s Five Forces Model The PORTER S models are: Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Competitive Rivalry between existing players Porter s model is one of the structured ways in which the i ndustry environment is analyzed. He says that the stronger each of these forces is, the more 66[Type text] difficult it will be for the company to raise prices and make more profits. A st rong force is equivalent to a threat; a weak force is equivalent to an opportunity. It is u pto the operations strategy formulators to recognize the opportunities and the threats a s they arise and design an appropriate strategic response from the operations function. As it is a dynamic world, the strength of each of the competitive forces can change over ti me due to factors external to (ie, beyond the control) of the company. The force of bar gaining power of suppliers can be lessened by removing the bargaining bit. This is done by means of single sourcing and by placing tremendous emphasis upon vendor development. The threat of substitute products can be minimized by providing a variety in the fir st place. This requires an appropriate manufacturing strategic response through a cost con scious yet flexible system of manufacturing. The risk of entry of potential competitors can be reduced through making / providing a quality product or service as the customer desires at an affordable price. Also a wider range of product variety and timely service s could be provided. Bargaining power of buyers can be reduced through building long standi ng relationships between the two companies, through an atmosphere of transparency a nd through a dedicated service orientation. Operations strategy and consequent acti on can be built around these organizational necessities. CHART NO.13 RISK OF ENTRY BY POTENTIAL COMPETITORS BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS rivalry among established firms

67[Type text] 5.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF KERALA KAUMUDI In SWOT analysis, Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. \STRENGTH Credibility of news and unbiased reporting style Good reputation Financial stability Approach of investigative journalism Units spread all over Kerala with adequate printing facilities Able, dedicated and specialized workforce. Good Brand image Group harmony WEAKNESSES Falling circulation lead Administration lacks a professional touch. Lacks a strong mission and fails to establish time bound goals for each departme nt clearly. Absence of some core departments like R&D and Advertisement threat of substitute products 68[Type text] Absence of effective sales promotion and advertisement strategies. Narrow product line. Weak societal marketing. Resistance to change. Lacks anticipative marketing. OPPORTUNITES Untapped market segments like children, unemployed youth, teenage, job seekers, farmers, Children etc. A potential market of literate but unsubscribed to any newspaper. Diversification of business into TV channels and mobile portals. Print outsourcing. THREATS Fast changing printing technology Competitor s strong sales and marketing strategies. Fast growing Cable and satellite TV Penetration of Internet media, with no restriction of subscription charges. Unstable newsprint cost. Fast changing life style of people 69[Type text] 6.1 FINDINGS 1. Though the company is facing tough competition, comparing to its production facilities of all units and its strong public image, it has more scope in the ma rket. Company has to frame more Marketing and sales promotion strategies. 2. Comparing to competitor s products Kerala Kaumudi s coverage of national, international, business and sports news is less. 3. The company is facing a tough competition. Its main publication, daily newspaper s position in the market is fluctuating. Till 2005, it was the third largest circulated daily. In 2006, the position came down to fourth, and from 2007 it is continuing in fifth position. Financial statements from 2001-08 shows that, Comparing to previous years newspaper revenue has declined. Flash continues as No.1 mid day daily in the market. 4. Each department performs their routine work well, but these department s activities are not well coordinated to a time bound mission. 5. Company lacks a good R &D department 6. Circulation Department has limited subscription plans.

7. For print production, chemicals have been used to remove the non-image emulsion, but now plates are available that do not require chemical processing. 8. HR department is maintaining good industrial relations. HR dept needs more systematic approaches to make its main functions viz. recruitment & selection, performance management, and training procedures more efficient. 9. Editorial Department lacks adequate automation and modernization. Space Marketing Department requires more office equipments and communication facilities. 70[Type text] 6.2 SUGGESTIONS 1. When the daily s circulation lead is falling, it is the time to analyze where t he marketing efforts has failed. To establish circulation lead, more innovative and analytic approach is needed. Implementation of strategies like TQM will improve the quality of the organization s processes, products, services through continuous improvement in all senses. 2. Increase the coverage of news. More national, international, business and spo rts news must be included. Increase the number of pages through value added news but without any increase in product price. The additional cost would be compensated by operational efficiency and increase in the ratio of advertisement to editorial. 3. Company has to frame more Market Communication Strategies. More market penetration strategies are also to be framed. Give advertisements in media havin g highest reach to the target market. The effectiveness of advertisement must be conducted periodically. 4. I suggest implementing Management by Objectives (MBO) as absence of clear cut objectives leaves unclear standards by which to evaluate the individual as well as organizational achievements. Establish challenging yet realistic goals in accord ance with the overall company mission. All departments are to translate it into time bound goals and to implement it. 5. I suggest introducing two designations: R&D Manager and Manager responsible f or the overall planning and implementation of marketing communication of Kerala Kaumudi products. An efficient research and development team which consists of all department heads and unit managers must be coordinated under the guidance of R&D Manager. Future plan must be chalked out through brain storming sessions. 71[Type text] Research, develop and launch innovative and value added products quickly and within the budget and through operational efficiency. 6. In addition to the existing subscription plans, introduce short-term and flex ible subscription plans. 7. Establish and maintain circulation lead by satisfying customer needs better th an the competitors through value added products - that would be the motto of product marketing department. 8. The company needs an anticipative marketing approach. Ensure and encourage participation of all members in distribution channel in the framing and implementation of marketing plans. 9. Kerala Kaumudi has to go at a fast pace towards the implementation of modern production technologies. Now plates are available that do not require chemical processing The development of the digital plate setter in the late twentieth cen tury eliminated film negatives altogether by exposing printing plates directly from d

igital input, a process known as computer to plate printing. 10. HR department must encourage and develop an organization culture where innov ative ideas are freely exchanged. 11. Company is admitting project works of professional students from reputed universities. Admit and coordinate these studies in a fruitful manner. Admissio ns should be on the basis of analysis of resume and interview. 72[Type text] 6.3 CONCLUSION India s experienced and diverse press is in robust growth mode. We must ensure that it preserves its elements, its values and its soul. Media has a strong role in nationbuilding. Today s communication is more complex. Competitors are coming up with more products and increased sales promotion strategies. Customer s tastes and preference, life style and quality of life are changing. As the digital tide gat hers strength, it is remarkable that the press in print continues to be the media of preference for the majority of readers who want to remain informed. What makes newspaper different from other media is that presents news in more analytical manner. It can influence an d change people s lives and their societies. As far as print media is concerned, circulation is mostly considered as the yard stick of victory. People would always want news, but it should be packaged well accordin g to the changing needs of the society. Newspapers have to address all sections of the r eadership to stay in the business. In a literate state like Kerala, there is more room fo r the newspaper companies to grow, as the rural areas are largely untapped. Kerala Kau mudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and f earless views. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrodden masses in the society. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. To compete with fast emerging TV channels and internet journalism and with the competitor s strong sales and promotion strategies, Kerala Kaumudi has to come up with new plans and strategies. 73[Type text] 74[Type text] ORGANIZATION STUDY OF KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD, PETTAH A report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of Kerala University Submitted by JASEENA.J Roll No: MGT0905016 Under the guidance of Faculty guide Project guide Ms. AMBILI.G.S

VISAKH.M.S Faculty IMK Manager

H.R.

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN KERALA UNIVERSITY OF KERALA, SENATE CAMPUS THIRUVANANTHAPURAM July 2010 1[Type text] DECLARATION I declare that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, pettah submitted by me for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala is my own work. The report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree of this Univ ersity or any other University. Place: THIRUVANATHAPURAM JASEENA.J Date: Roll No: MGT0905016 2[Type text]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar professor and , Head of the Department, Institute Of Management In Kerala, University of Kerala, for inculcating me the correct spirit of mind through his valuable advice for doing the training. I hereby express my profound gratitude to Ms Ambili G.S, Faculty, IMK palayam, for her valuable guidance throughout the course of the study. My sincere thanks to Mr. M S Visakh, HR manager, Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd., f or his valuable cooperation and timely guidance, without which this Organization St udy would be an impossible one. My special thanks to Mr. S L Praveen, System Administrator for his valuable support throughout the study. Thanks are also due to Mr. Hari, the HR executive. Last but not least, I wish to express my heart felt thanks with pleasure to my parents and all my friends for their goodwill and constructive ideas which helpe d me a lot in bringing out this work successful.

EENA.J 905016

JAS MGT0

3[Type text] Contents SL. NO. TOPIC Page No. 1. Introduction Objectives of the study Scope of the study Methodology Limitation of the study Chapterisation 1 3 3 3 3 2. Industry profile 4 3. Company profile 10 4. Organizational Structure 16 5. Data Analysis PESTLE Analysis PORTER S Analysis SWOT Analysis 55 6. Findings 61 7. Suggestions 62 8. Conclusions 64 9. Bibliography 65 4[Type text] List of charts and diagrams Sl.No. Description Page No. 1 Organization Structure 16 2 Editorial Departmentdaily 21 3 Editorial-Flash 22 4 Editorial-Magazine 23 5 Production Department 25 6 DTP section 30 7 Space Marketing Department 35 8 Product marketing Department 39 9 Debtors management Department 43 10 Finance Department 45 11 HR Department 50 12 Systems Department 53 13 Porter s Five Force Model 58 5[Type text] Date .. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kera la Kaumudi (P) Ltd pettah submitted here is an bonafide record of the work done by Ms Jaseena.J under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree in Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala

and this work has not been submitted by her for the award of any other degree, diploma or title of recognition earlier. Director: Faculty Guide Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar M.sAmbiliG.S Professor and Head of Department Faculty IMK IMK 6[Type text] CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 7[Type text] Introduction A newspaper is regularly scheduled publication containing news, information and advertising. By 2007 there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 3 95 million copies a day. The worldwide recession of 2008, combined with the rapid growth of web-based alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers closed or sharply retrenched operations. General-int erest newspapers typically publish stories on local and national political events and personalities, crime, business, entertainment, society and sports. Most traditio nal papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor and columns that express the personal opinions of writers. Other features include di splay and classified advertising, comics, and inserts from local merchants. The newspa per is typically funded by paid subscriptions and advertising. A wide variety of materi al has been published in newspapers, including editorial opinions, criticism, persuasio n and op-eds ; obituaries; entertainment features such as crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes; weather news and forecasts; advice, food and other columns; reviews of movies, plays and restaurants; classified ads; display ads, editorial cartoons a nd comic strips. Newspaper and newspaper advertising has been the most important tool in shaping the growth and development of any society in the modern world. More than anything, they have been very instrumental in bridging the communication gap between people that contributes to the air of awareness in a society. Newspapers are an important media for spreading both national and international news. It plays crucial role in the society. The news paper industry in every country stands out as an influential body contributing to the development of the modern society by acting as one of the most potential platform for exchange of thoughts and opinions. One of the most crucial tasks of newspaper industry is its contribution towards the economi c and industrial development of a country through its assimilation of the people s voice . The Indian newspaper industry has passed various stages of evolution to reach

the status that it enjoys today - that of a leading press arena in the world. Th ere are hundreds of newspapers that reach out to the people of this vast country in enor mous 8[Type text] numbers every morning. A typical Indian, daily newspaper is the staple diet for a typical Indian, bringing him/her news from all over the globe. This organization study has been conducted in Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. Kerala Kaumudi, the greatest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the st ate and the country with editions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur , Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi is a Malayalam daily which provides truthful news. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd consists of all functional departments and thereby gets an idea about all departments. So an organization study was conducted at Kerala Kaumudi (P) L td with an aim of getting awareness of their functioning and final procedures of th at organization. 9[Type text] 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To identify the functions, duties, responsibilities and maintenance of each departments. 2. To verify how far the organization structure is successful in accomplishing t he objectives of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. 1.2 METHODOLOGY The study is primarily descriptive and analytical in nature. For conducting the study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected by observation and personal interviews with the managers and other staffs in the organization. Secondary data was collected from company records, previous studies conducted in the organization and company website. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study helps in bridging gap between the theory and practice of management. It offers great scope to Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd in some areas where they are considered weak. The scope of the study also extends to other media companies and future researchers. 1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 1. An in-depth study was not possible because the time limit was the main constraint. 2. Since Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, is a private sector company, access to some important information was restricted. This made some difficulties during the time of analysis. 10[Type text] 2.1 NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY When newspapers and magazines are combined, print is the world's larges t advertising medium. An increase in the newspaper sale has been witnessed in almo st all continents including Asia, Europe, Africa and South America except North

America, which registered a decline in the sales. Global newspaper sales rose 2. 3% in 2006, India grew 13 %. Advertising revenues in paid dailies had been found up 3 .77 per cent. China, Japan and India account for 60 of the world s 100 best-selling da ilies while the five largest markets for newspapers are China, India, Japan, the US an d Germany. 2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NEWSPAPERS IN INDIA Indian journalism on modern lives began in 1780 at Calcutta with the publication of Bengal Gazette by J.A. Hicky in England. This was followed by a number of periodicals in English; mostly for the benefit of English people in In dia. Vernacular journalism was slow on the uptake. Nevertheless, a number of periodic als, most of them short lived appeared in India, in latter half of 19 th century. Most of the vernacular journals owned their origin to the national consciousness awakened by the revolution of 1857 against British rule in India. Naturally the tone and the tem per displaced the British administration. The result was vernacular press act, 1878 which strictly controlled Indian papers. With the growth of national movement drastic press legislation followed one another such as the newspaper incitement Indian state a ct, 1922, official secrets act, 1923 and Indian states protection act, 1934 During t he second world war, when administrators wanted the cooperation of Indian people, a gentleman s agreement was concluded between the government and the press, which resulted in the press advisory committee at the entire states. This give press a consultative status. Before partition, Lahore was the hub of print media and almost all the newspapers of the United Punjab were published from there. After the holocaust partition, the press shifted to Jalander and stated afresh with limited means. W hen 11[Type text] India became independent, there was no longer any antagonism between the government and the people. The press was free to play an entirely new role. In M arch 1947, the government appointed a press laws enquiry committee as a result on whi ch the urbanism provision of co operation between the government and the press was inaugurated. Newspaper was published from all the starts and Union territories e xcept from Arunachal Pradesh and Lakshadweep. UP, claimed the top position with 3879 newspaper/ periodicals published from the states. The Indian print media consists of 36 centenarians. Newspapers were brought out in 93 languages and dialects. Apart from the sixteen principle languages, th e highest circulated newspaper Yomini Shim bun founded in 1874 of Japan which attained a figure of 14474573 on April 1, 1988. This has been achieved by totali ng the figures of editors published in various centers with a morning circulation of 50 17984. The bulkiest or the largest newspaper is the New York Times. Sunday edition date s in

1965 which had around 946 pages. Newspapers in 1990 are an interesting thing to watch. It is filled with information that ranges from cryogenic to cattle feeding, biotechnology to ladie s fashion to suit people in all walks of life. Newspapers have played an important role in public affairs throughout the world, whether it is in USA or in India or anyw here. Newspapers help citizen to these countries to know what is going on in their cou ntry and in rest of the world as well. The growing electronic media is catching the importance of newspaper. With the advent of satellite televisions the world has contracted to our fingertips. Even then the newspapers role will not be much cha nge. It will continue as a society s primary instrument for mass communication. In Indi a, newspapers are published in about 100 regional languages and dialects other than Hindi and English. Over the years, the number of dailies has steadily increased. Their number increased to 5638 in 2001 from 5364 in the previous year, i.e. by 5.11 pe r cent. The total circulation of daily newspaper was 5,78,44,236 in 2001. In 2001, The Hindu, an English daily, published from Chennai was the largest circulated single edition daily with claimed circulation of 9,37,222 followed by Hindustan times, English Daily, published from Delhi with a circulation of 9,09, 278. 12[Type text] Anand Bazar Patrika, Bengali daily, came third, whereas The Times of India, Engl ish daily, was fourth. With such a huge number of newspapers and such enormous circulation, the supply chain model for the newspaper industry is a challenge in itself. Moreover , due to the perishable nature of the product, its distribution needs all the more imp ortance. A newspaper industry consist five major functional areas include editorial, advertising, production, administration, and circulation. Editorial supplies the raw material, which is transformed to the finished product through printing. The marketing function is performed by advertising and management is done by administration. The key area of sales of the product is dealt by circulation. Th e distribution channel plays an important role in newspaper industry. Newspapers are those goods which are perishable to both the manufacturer and the customer. Newspaper companies cannot print the news sections of the newspaper in advance because of the requirement that news be timely. Additionall y, with the increase in commuting times, especially in the large, metropolitan mark ets, later delivery is also not entertained. Therefore, newspaper production or distr ibution is the problem of distributing highly perishable products under severe time constraints. The newspaper industry is becoming very competitive with the national players competing with the regional players. Newspaper is a perishable commodity and in order to cater to needs of the customer in various geographical locations , a newspaper has to publish from various locations. This helps in achieving a strat egic fit between the supply chain and customer needs.

The consumers are primarily looking for a national newspaper giving regional news as well. Consumers also demand faster response because of the perishable nature of the product. In order to economize on the costs of the supply chain, t he newspaper needs to have regional publication units with both national and region al news varieties in the same newspaper. 13[Type text] As has been shown by various studies, newspaper readers do not want to spend mor e on reading a newspaper. Thus an economy of scale is very important factor for a newspaper. Newspaper should achieve a critical mass of customers to achieve economies of scale. The main drivers of supply chain are inventory, transportati on facilities, and information. Newspapers are very important in many ways. They give us lots of information about various matters at various levels that are available anywhere. Though magazines and books also give lots of information, the scope of the news there is limited to a few selected topics. Television and internet connections w hile provide news faster than the newspapers, it cannot have the width, breadth and d epth of the newspapers and do not provide the comfort of the repeated references at o ur leisure and comfort apart from harming our eyes because of the glare and being t he source of health hazards because of radiations. 2.3 International Newspapers There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized as international newspapers. Some, such as Christian Science Monitor and The International Herald Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repac kaged national newspapers or international editions of national-scale or large metropoli tan newspapers. Often these international editions are scaled down to remove article s that might not interest the wider range of readers. As English has become the international language of business and technology, many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions. In place as varied as Jerusalem and Bombay (Mumbai), newspapers are printed to a local and international English-speaking public. The advent of the Internet has also allowed the non-English newspapers t o put out a scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach. 14[Type text] Features of a newspaper may include: Editorial opinions Comics strips and other entertainment, such as Crosswords, Sudoku and Horoscopes weather news and forecasts Advice, gossip, food and other columns Critical reviews of movies, plays, restaurants, etc. Classified ads While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialists still are some weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant, or the local gay community. 2.4 NEWS PAPER BUSINESS IN KERALA

Kerala has a rate of newspaper readership that is among the highest in the world. In Kerala, there are approximately 1576 newspapers in circulation! Among these, only a few newspapers are widely circulated with a good number of readers . 2.5 LEADING MALAYALAM NEWSPAPERS Malayala Manorama: First appeared on 14th March 1890, as a weekly, currently has a readership of over 15 million, with a circulation base of over 7.4 million copies.Manorama is Kerala's largest selling and most widely read newspaper. Mathrubhumi: The first copy of Mathrubhumi went to press on 18th of March 1923. Mathrubhumi today is the second most circulated newspaper in Kerala. It is publi shed from Calicut, Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Kannur, 15[Type text] Palakkad, Malappuram and Kollam besides from Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi It has a circulation of over 13 lakhs and its readership is around 75 lakhs. Des habhimani: A Malayalam newspaper run by Communist Party of India (Marxist). Started as a weekly in 1942 and converted to a daily in 1946. Deshabhimani now has six different editions: Kozhikode, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kannur, Kottayam and Trichur. Kerala Kaumudi: A popular Malayalam newspaper, founded in 1911. Published from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kannur in Kerala and Bangalore, Kerala Kaumudi is the fourth most circulated Malayalam daily. The pap er has online editions in Malayalam and English that are updated twice daily. Deepika: One of the oldest newspapers published in India. The first issue came out on 1887 April 15. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissu r, Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode Other dailies in circulation include Madhyamam, Thejas Mangalam, Janayugam, Varthamanam, Chandrika, Janmabhumi, Sirajdaily, and Grihasree. 16[Type text] Company Profile Kerala Kaumudi, the fastest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman, a man of letters and a teacher. He was also a reversed intellectual, social reformist and a true revolutionary in both letter and sprit. Under his inspiring leadership, Kerala Kaumudi has set high standards in journalism. Kerala Kaumudi shot into limelight following the Quit India Movement . The term Kaumudi implies moonlight that blossoms the water lily. In other words, Kerala Kaumudi enlightens the entire keralites. Truly speaking, Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Shri K Sukumaran became the embodiment of Kaumudi-the full moon in enlightening the masses in the moon balanced green of Kerala. This is an apt interpretation of Kerala Kaumudi. Because of its fearless unbiased editorials and relentless dedication, the term Kerala Kaumudi becomes immortal and permanently etched in the minds of common man. And it is precisely these qualities that prompted the nation to con fer on the founder Editor P Sukumaran, one of its highest civilian honours, the prestig

ious Padmabhushan. The Kerala Kaumudi legacy has been its constant pursuit for truth and unparalleled excellence in Journalism. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the state and the country with ed itions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur, Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Now Kerala Kaumudi is celebrating its 99 years of publicati on Pioneer 17[Type text] Kerala Kaumudi is the first newspaper to introduce Investigative Journalism under the dynamic leadership of its Founder-editor, Padmabhushan K Sukumaran. It was the first among the newspapers in Kerala to introduce new technologies like photo type setting, cable transmission and computerized accounting. It was also one among the first few news papers to launch an internet edition. CORPORATE OFFICE The registered office of the company named Kaumudi Buildings is located at Pettah , a developed part in Thiruvananthapuram city. It is the place where the administration of the company is being carried out. 3.1 VISION AND MISSION Shri C V Kunjuraman started Kerala Kaumudi as a weekly in 1911 with a vision to spread over the principles of Sreenarayana Guru. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and fearless views. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY 1. To carry on business of proprietors and publishers of news paper, journals, magazines, periodicals, books and pamphlets and other literary works and undertakings. 2. To understand and execute any trusts or to act as trustees or to do any other such act as may seen desirable or beneficial whether with or without consideration. 3. To establish, maintain and promote any agency or branch offices of the compan y in India or elsewhere and to regulate the same or discontinue the same. 4. To promote any other company or companies for the purpose of acquiring any privilege, concession, property or assets of any person, firm or undertakings or other rights and liabilities of such other company or companies or concerns or 18[Type text] business as the case may be as conductive to or beneficial for the purpose of th e company. 3.3 CIRCULATION AND READERSHIP Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash around 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships. 3.4 SHARE CAPITAL The authorized capital of the Company is Rs 30,00,000 (Thirty Lakhs) divided into 3000 Equity shares of Rs.1000 each. Shares shall be under the control of t he Directors who may issue, allot or dispose of same to such persons and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as they may think fit. The company may form time to time by ordinary resolution increase its share capital by such amount as it thinks expedient by issuing new shares of such amou

nts as it thinks fit. 3.5 GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY The Kerala Kaumudi has been working in profit ever since in its establishment. Profits are essential for the survival of the business. They co ver the risks and cost of staying in business. Profits maintain the revenue generating c apacity of the business. 3.6 RAW MATERIALS Materials constitute a significant part of cost of products. The important raw materials needed for the company are 1. News print 2. Ink 3. Plate 19[Type text] News print is allocated based on requirements of newspaper by Registrar of News papers of India, New Delhi and supplied mainly by STC of India. The STC supplies the imported news print Canadian, Russian etc. 3.7 SISTER CONCERNS 1. Kalakaumudi Printers and Publications 2. Ravi Printers and Publications Pvt Ltd 3. Kaumudi Investment Pvt Ltd 3.8 COMPETITORS TO KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Malayala Manorama 2. Mathrubhumi 3. Deshabhimani 4. Mangalam 5. Deepika 3.9 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COMPANY The specialty of Kerala Kaumudi Products is that they are offered at fair prices , which is affordable to the common man. Their contribution towards the developme nt of local community life is a notable one and it is working in public interest. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd has brought many sensitive news like Palmoil case, SSLC question paper leak out etc. Kerala Kaumudi has been obsessed with truth over 96 years. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with Forth right news and fearless views. Stresses on credibility and unbiased reporting , which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. Kerala Kaumudi s crusading journalism has made a class of its own in the lives of Malayalees. The newspaper s constant effort to safeguard the policy of communal reservation in Kerala is a shinning example Kerala Kaumudi s strong commitment to the welfare of the state. Kerala Kaumudi is the mastermind behind innumerable sc oop 20[Type text] stories, which demolished the ivory towers of many unparallel icons of Kerala politics. 3.10 FUTURE PLANS OF THE COMPANY The company is planning to start two media channels from 2011, the 100 th anniversary year, namely kaumudi news channel and kaumudi entertainment channel which will be launched from February 2011 most probably. The company has many plans for its future. More editions are to be launched in near future as part of Kerala Kaumudi s ambitious plan to expand its coverage to more areas. The company wants to impart some new equipments and machineries for speedy and smooth production. The company needs more efficient technicians and to

compete with others. The company wants to conduct training programmes for employees. The company wishes to provide more effective and efficient labor welfare facilities to its employees. It provides many employment opportunities. 3.11 PRODUCT PROFILE PRODUCTS OF KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Kerala Kaumudi publications 1. Kerala Kaumudi daily 2. Kerala Kaumudi Flash 3. Kerala Kaumudi weekly 4. Kerala Kaumudi Panchangam 5. Kerala Kaumudi Calendar 6. Kerala Kaumudi Onam special 7. Kerala Kaumudi Sabarimala Special 8. Career Directory 9. Sree Narayana Guru Directory 10. Magic Slate 21[Type text] 2. Kerala Kaumudi Communications Kerala Kaumudi Communications focuses on audio entertainment creations. The Kerala Kaumudi GEETH series compiles melodious mixes of old and new numbers sung by all-time favorite Malayalam singers. A group of musical experts careful ly select the combinations to ensure that each release is sensitized to suit the ta stes of a unique segment. 3. Kerala Kaumudi Events wing A team of eminent professional organizes, conducts, and concludes all kinds of promotional events with a touch of class. This wing also organizes variety of s hows, shoots; arrange sponsors and broadcasts stage events on leading Malayalam channe ls worldwide. 4. Online publications Kerala Kaumudi leaped into internet 1997 in their business in online publication s are a natural growth into cyber age of Kerala Kaumudi. Kerala Kaumudi internet division or cyber studio has emerged as one of the leading web publishers of Ker ala. 24 hour data updation is done here. It is the chief source of information for NR Is from Kerala. Kaumudi sites growth and success spring from their conscious awareness o f the huge expatriate malayalee population and their abiding interest in their hom e land. 1. www.keralakaumudi.com {Malayalam Daily) 2. www.kaumudi.com (English Daily) 3. www.kaumudijalakam.com (bilingual news magazine) 4. www.sundaykaumudi.com (web tabloid). 5. www.kaumudiclassifieds.net 6. www.kaumudiusa.com (the newest addition to Kerala Kaumudi galaxy of websites)-bilingual multicultural site 22[Type text] Kaumudiusa.com is an exclusive bilingual North American Malayali targeted site, kaumudi jalakam, an innovative Malayalam net weekly and Kaumudi online, a net-only English daily, have proved to be big draws with expatriate keralites. CHART NO.1 Organization Chart of Kerala Kaumudi 23 Managing Director or Joint Managing Director

Chairman/ Editor in Chief Board of Directors Chief General Manager Marketing director Corporate Administration Business Units Administration Corporate Heads Human Resource Management Production Head AGM (Marketing) Chief Manager (Finance & Accounts) Unit Chief Unit Manager Managing Editor Editorial Department Associate Editor Chief News Editor General Editor Chief Manager (Special Projects) General Manager Company secretary[Type text] The above organization chart provides a bird s eye-view of relationships between different departments or divisions of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. As far a s Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is concerned Chairman/ Managing Director is at the top of the Organization structure. Mr. M S Mani is the Chairman of the company. He als o holds the position of the Chief Editor of the company. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is a private sector company which is registered under Indian Companies Act, 1913. At present board of directors includes Shri M S Man i, Shri M S Madhusoodhan, Shri M S Sreenivasan, and Shri M S Ravi. Shri M S Sreenivasan is the present M.D and Joint Managing Director of the Company. Chief General Manager, Company Secretary and Managing Editor are directly controlled by the Managing Director. Smt Anju Sreenivasan is the Chief General Manager. Shri Deepu Ravi is the Managing Editor of the company. The Editorial Department is under the control of Managing Editor. Corporate Administration and Business unit administration wings are controlled by General Manager, Shri M K Karthikeyan. Corporate Heads include the corporate department heads of Kerala Kaumudi. The functional departments are Human Resource Management, Production department, Marketing Department, Finance and Accounts Department and Special Projects. Assistant General Manager (Marketing) controls Space Marketing Department, New Product Marketing department and Debtors Collection Management Department. 4.1 ADMINISTRATION Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd carries out its functions and manages its affairs through the following managerial personnel. 1. Board of Directors and Managing Director 2. Company Secretary 3. Chief General Manager 4. General Manager and Functional Managers 24[Type text] 5. Unit Chiefs POWER OF DIRECTORS: 1. To appoint and at their discretion remove or suspend such managers, secretaries, officers, clerks, agents and servants for permanents, temporary or

special services as they may from time to time think fit. 2. To appoint any person to accept and hold in trust for the company any property belonging to the company 3. To secure the fulfillment of any contract or engagements entered into by the company 4. To purchase or otherwise acquire for the company any property, rights or privileges which the company is authorized to acquire 5. To give receipts, releases and discharges on behalf of the company 6. To invest and deal with any moneys of the company not immediately required for the purpose of its business in such manner as they think fit. 7. To draw, accept, endorse and negotiate all such cheques, bills of exchange, drafts, promissory notes and government and other securities in connection with the business. 8. The vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors shall be filled up by the Board of Director who may fix the period for which such Director shall hold office Duties of General Manager 1. Leads the administration, marketing and circulation department. 2. Formulate a financial budget and planning in tune with the growth and stability of the organization. 3. Advise the top management on appropriate steps to be taken to make this a better organization so that each and every employee feels he is a valuable member in the organization and develop better a team concept for enabling him to contribute his best. 25[Type text] Functions of Company Secretary Company secretary is an officer of the company, who has certain responsibilities under the law and under any duties passed to him by the directors. The role of company secretary is administrative rather than managerial. The functions are.. 1. The company Secretary performs all duties that he is required to perform unde r the Companies Act. 2. He supplies required data to the company s advocates in connection with legal matters. 3. He is directly accountable to Board of Directors. Functions of Unit Chief 1. Head of unit task force 2. Formulates the task force decisions 3. Coordinates the activities of each unit 26[Type text] 4.2 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Editorial department is considered as the nucleus of every newspaper company. This department plays a major role of collecting the news till printing . Teams of experts are working in this department. Each page of the newspaper is drafted by separate group of people. The selection of news, the headlines and th e way of presentation are all done by the journalists. The life stories of an individu al is always presented in an inverted pyramid i.e., beginning from their death till th eir time of birth and the main source of this information is a well equipped library. As name implies the reporters, general public and correspondents bring the news. The cop y desk handles the general news and local desk handles the local news. The news bureau gathers the news and the news desk edit and proof reads according to the style book. There is a deadline for each news. The headings are given by the editors.

MOTTO OF KERALA KAUMUDI Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Company has an efficient news team. And its wide network is spread through out the country. It has 9 editions spreads over Kerala, Bangalore. The newspape r stresses on credibility and that is the only reason why Kaumudi is still a major player in the market. The Editorial Department is headed by the Chief Editor. Under him come Managing Editor, Executive Editor, Associate Editor, Deputy Editor and Chief New s Editor. Under them come the News Editors, Deputy News Editor, Chief Sub Editor, and Senior Sub Editors and Sub Editors. 27[Type text] CHART No.2 Structure of Editorial Department-daily 28 Chief Editor Managing Editor Executive Editor Associate Editor Chief News Editor Editorial Section Chief Sub Editor Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer[Type text] 29[Type text] CHART NO.3 Structure of Editorial Wing - Flash 30 Managing Editor General Editor Editor in-charge Chief Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor[Type text] CHART NO.4 Structure of Editorial wing - Magazine 4.1 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Chief Editor Chief Editor controls the functions of the editing and reporting sections. Edito rial

Policies of News paper are formulated by the Chief Editor. Executive Editor Executive editor is responsible for the execution of the policies formulated by the Chief Editor. He undertakes planning, administration and implementation of the policies in consultation with the Chief Editor. Associate Editor Associate Editor monitors both national and international news Chief News Editor 31 Managing Editor Sub editors Trainees [Type text] Works according to the policy of the management Gives orientation Gives suggestions for improvement to the Department Gives overall guidance News Editors News Editors edits general news / monitors television channels and internet. Sub editors Sub editors engage in news translation and editing activities 4.3 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The hierarchy of production department starts from editorial department. It wor ks in connection with DTP section and Circulation Department. Edited news from the editorial department reaches the DTP section through news editors. From DTP sec tion it is send to proof reading section then again to the DTP section then to the News Editor. He decides the intensity of the matter and he sets news in different pages. The news editor also decides upon the different size of caption used for different news. After the page transfer is done. 32[Type text] CHART NO.5 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Electrical Section Electrical section deals with repairing all electrical equipments, maintena nce of motors in order to avoid any break down during production. It is the duty of el ectrical engineers and electricians to make sure the uninterrupted power supply in the de partment. Mechanical Section Mechanical wing deals with the repair maintenance, preventive maintenance and shut down maintenance for machines. For this minimum numbers of persons employe d. 33 Editorial department Production Head Mechanical section Electrical section Print production Mechanical engineer Asst. mechanical engineer Fitters Electrician in charge

Asst. electrician Production manager Production superintendent Supervisors Foremen[Type text] They will try to solve any problem relating to the machines. Assistant Engineer assists the Mechanical Engineer for maintenance works. Fitters help the Assistant Engine er for doing maintenance work. They check and maintain the press in good condition. Print Production The basic function of production department in Kerala Kaumudi is printing newspapers. The printing of Kerala Kaumudi newspaper is undertaken by M/s. Ravi Printers and Publishers Private Limited. Printing is done in accordance with th e print order given to the foreman by the Circulation Department. Raw materials for prin ting are issued by the Materials Department. Printing of news paper is after 12.00a.m. P rinting of Flash begins at 11.45 and Magazine printing is on every Monday 3.00 p.m. The Print Production section mainly handles the following functions. Pasting Plate making Printing and Despatching RAW MATERIALS I. News print The size of newsprint is 70cm and 45 GSM (Gramage per square meter). As the GSM increases copies decreases and vice versa. The main supplier of newsprint Hindustan News print Ltd, Kottayam. Imported deluxe quality news print are Supplied by Pondar Global Ltd, New Delhi. Low qual ity, recycled news print is supplied by V.G.Paper and Boards Ltd, Udumalpet, Sarvalek shmi 34[Type text] Paper and Boards Ltd, Coimbatore and Vishnupriya Papers, Chennai. These newspri nts are used for the printing of inner pages. II. Ink Two types of inks are used for printing. a. Black ink: Suppliers of black ink are Shalimar Inks and Chemicals, Aluva an d Orient Inks, Kozhikodu b. Colour Ink: Suppliers of colour ink are Galilia Chemicals, Cochin M.R. Industries, Calicut. High quality ink which is used for printing advertisement columns are supplied by Coats Ink, Kalyan Marketing, Cochin. III. Plates Aluminum Plates are of three types: long, medium and short run. Long run plates are used for producing main pages in all editions. From a short-run plate 10,000 to 15,000 copies can be printed. These plates are procured from the dealers of TECHNOVA, Standard Missionary Sales Company, Patoor, Thiruvananthapuram and dealers of NIR AJ, News Graphics, Kottayam. The imported plate dealers are TOPAZ. IV. Chemicals Chemicals consumed are developers, universal wash, fountain solution, remover an d plate cleaner, Chemicals for film development-developer and fixer. V. Graphic Art film Usually films produced by Kodak and Agfa are used. Kodak films are supplied by

Trade Links Ltd, Cochin and Agfa films are supplied by Krishna Agencies, Cochin. VI. Laser printer films VII. Tracing paper 35[Type text] 4.4 PROCESS OF NEWS PRODUCTION Newspapers are usually printed on an off-white paper known as newsprint. Making of newspapers is called journalism. Much emphasis has been placed upon the accuracy and fairness of the journalist. The actual content of publications comes from two separate departments. The ads, whether they be what many refer to as "display" ads (the ones with the borders a round them) or "line" ads (the categorized listings of text ads usually found in the c lassified section) are sold and often produced by the Space Marketing Department. Everythi ng else--the news, features, columns, photos, and stock quotes--all of that comes f rom the editorial department and is referred to as "editorial content" or simply "editor ial". 1. SOURCES Agencies like PTI (Press Trust of India), UNI (United News India). Public Relations Department Political leaders Television/Internet Police Stations 2. REPORTING Reporting comprises a wide network and an efficient team of reporters. They repo rt the news in an unbiased manner. The reporting section is headed by Bureau Chief. Und er him comes the Special Correspondents, Senior Photographers, Photographers, Chief Reporters, Senior Reporters, Reporters and the Trainees. The Bureau is co nnected to the desk of editing section. The company has 42 local Bureaus. 3. NEWS STORY 36[Type text] Usually, the stories will run down columns two-and-a-sixteenth inches wide, with an eighth-inch blank space between the columns. And since ads often appear on the s ame pages as the editorial content, although it would make sense that the column wid th that editorial uses always matches up with what advertising defines as a column, occa sionally there are exceptions. 4. EDITING This section comprises of various desks: Local desk, Main desk, Feature desk, Sp orts desk and International desk. Here the selection, editing of news, selection of photographers, page layout, and coordination is carried out. Functions of Various Desks v Local Desk Local desk edits all local news. The desk is headed by Chief Sub Editor, and und er him comes the Senior Subeditor, Subeditors and Trainees. v Main Desk Main desk edits all general news, political news, science news, national news et

c. It is headed by the Chief main desk and under him comes the News Editor, Chief Editor, Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors and Trainees. v Feature Desk Feature desk edits the editorial page. It is headed by Resident Editor and under him comes Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors, and trainees. v Sports Desk Edits all sports news .It comprises of News Editor and Trainees. v International Desk 37[Type text] Edits all international news. Headed by Chief Sub Editor, under him comes Sub ed itor and Trainees. 4.5 DTP SECTION DTP is a part of the Editorial Department. DTP manager is the head of the DTP section. Pre press activities are under taken in this section. Adobe Page Maker 7.0 is the software used for pagination. The functions performed in the DTP section can be listed as follows: Firstly, the advertisement layout is setup with the requirements of advertisemen t coordinator by the operator. The remaining space on the newspaper is devoted for news. The data supplied from the desk is scanned and entered into the computers by the operators. Advertisement in the PDF format from the agencies and the photographers are entered into computers through scanners. CHART NO.6 Activities of DTP Section 38 Editorial Composing Proof section Page Layout Laser Print/ film Film pasting Plate making[Type text] Composing In DTP section, data entry of the matter handed over by the editorial section is undertaken. All the input materials such as photographic reflections, originals , nonphotographic pictures are converted into digital files and resized as per r equirement. Transmission Section transfers General pages to all editions through ISDN broadb and lines. Almost eighteen staffs are working in this section in 4 rotating shifts. Proof Section A miniature printout of A4 size will be send to editorial proof and advertisemen t proof section. Corrections are carried out after proof reading by the operators. Layout Then each page is made by the concerned desk chiefs with the support of operators. Matter is sorted again and page order is checked. Layout sheets are marked with vertical lines that correspond to the column widths of your publication, as well as horizontal markers that correspond to the units your newspaper uses to measure t

he height of the ad, usually inches or centimeters. Laser Print Output Black and white pages are printing in laser printer. Image Setting The matter pages containing four colours i.e. the primary colors, cyan, magenta, yellow and black composed in PageMaker are converted to Post script files or pd f format using Torrent v6.0 SP3 software. These files are transferred to Graphic Art fil ms using an imported Image setter machine, Scantext Othello . These graphic art films are processed in the machine Image Line . After taking final full sized printout of ea ch page on LP/ film, these will be handed over to the Production department. 39[Type text] Stripping Color negatives are stripped together for each page. A blue-line print is made from stripped-up negatives and is used to check image position before printing. Pasting The prints are pasted on the astronel sheet. Plate making The plate is produced by a photo chemical procedure. The astronel sheet is placed on an Aluminum sheet with a chemical coating and vacuum is applied on it. After this process it is exposed to an u.v .light of 3000 W for 85 seconds. When the p lates are exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs that allows an ink-receptive coatin g to be activated. This results in the transfer of the image from the negative to the pl ate. Each of the primary colors -- black, cyan (blue), magenta (red), and yellow -- has a sep arate plate. The light passes through the non-image area and it is developed by using a devel oper. Then gum is applied on the plate to avoid oxidation. The next step after plate m aking is the printing. Printing Offset lithography is the workhorse of printing. Almost every commercial printer does it. The paper is fed through the press as one continuous stream pulled from rolls of paper. Each roll can weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (1 ton) Web presses print at very high speeds and use very large sheets of paper. Even when a 1-ton roll of paper runs out, the presses do not stop rolling. The press has to maintain a constant balance be tween the force required to move the paper forward and the amount of backpressure (resista nce) that allows the paper to remain tight and flat while traveling through the equip ment. 40[Type text] Offset process Ink and water do not mix -- this is the underlying principle of offset lithograp hy. The ink is distributed to the plates through a series of rollers. On the press, the plates are dampened, first by water rollers, then by ink rollers. The rollers distribute th e ink from the ink fountain onto the plates. The image area of the plate picks up ink from

the ink rollers. The water rollers keep the ink off of the non-image areas of the plate. Each plate then transfers its image to a rubber blanket that in turn transfers the image to the paper. This process is shown in the following figure. The plate itself does not actuall y touch the paper -- thus the term "offset" lithography. All of this occurs at an extremely high speed. The quality of the final product is often due to the guidance, expertise and equipment provided by the printer. Print quality is checked frequently by the pr ess operator. Bindery The bindery is where the printed product is completed. The huge rolls of nowprin ted paper are cut and put together so that the pages fall in the correct order. These printed news papers are manually collected, counted and packed into bundles as p er the requirement of the agents and attaches a slip containing number, number of news papers enclosed etc. Dispatching These bundles are sent through different routes to various destinations or dropping points. Just before reaching the ultimate consumers or readers, the ne wspaper bundles are collected by the concerned agents at the dropping points. They in t urn take the newspaper to the readers. 41[Type text] 4.6 SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT Marketing department deals with the space marketing of classified advertisements and display of its publications. Advertisements have been a major source of revenue for the newspapers and periodicals. Most newspapers make nearly all their money from advertising. The portion of the newspaper that is not advertising is called edi torial content. Every ad the Company sell will need to conform to the column widths of the newspaper. The width of every newspaper page can be broken down into columns of equal size. How wide a column can be seen by looking at how the editorial copy f lows on a page. Usually in the case of news paper 60% of space in it is meant for news a nd 40% of space is meant for advertisement. FUNCTIONS Planning, analyzing and implementation of advertising activities. Monitoring advertisement collection activities. Coordinating the activities relate with publication of regular and periodical supplements. Coordinating the activities of the field executives both inside and outside Kera la. Research and development activities to update with changes in the industry. Arranging periodical get together of advertisement agencies and regular clients. Conducting periodical training programs for Marketing Executives. 42[Type text] CHART NO.7 STRUCTURE OF SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT- Flash & Morning Daily 43

Hari Asst Manager Debtors Mgmt Receivables team Assistant General Manager Manager Corporate Operations Manager Debtors Mgmt Manager Flash Corporate Asst Manager Corporate Commn. AAM DTP Office Asst.Cross Checking Office Asst.Voucher Billing Dispatch RM South RM North RM Central A/c s Executive Bill wise Posting A/c s Officer Billing AM Weekly Unit Advertisement Managers Marketing Executives Customer care executives Proof Reader 1 Proof Reader 2 Proof Reader 3 DTP Staff 2 DTP Staff 1[Type text] DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Assistant General Manager AGM is directly accountable to GM. AGM is the head of Space Marketing Department & Product Marketing Department Plans, analyses and implement the entire activities in these departments. Member of corporate task force. Coordinates the entire department. Manager Corporate Operations Weekly and monthly evaluation of all units advt head. Coordinating the Billing Activities of all units. Settlement of requirements of all unit advt departments Involved in the work of corporate advt materials like rate cards proposals etc. Unit wise communications Dealing with corporate clients and agencies Asst. Manager daily Looks after all the activities connecting to advt. dept Controls the space marketing activities of Trivandrum unit (billing, collection and office administration) Planning meetings, Follow-up units of customer along with executives, Monitoring the executives , Collection monitoring, Bureau monitoring, 44 Hari[Type text] Conducting evaluation meeting on daily basis Asst. Advertisement Manager DTP Act as liaison between DTP and Advertisement Ensuring of scheduled ads to be carried in daily basis Ensuring timely settlement of ad matters to be present in Daily

 Coordinating the entire activity for ad placing in Daily Customer care executives: handle the clients and explain the schemes and service s to them. Office Asst: carries out the cross verification of advertisements before dispatc h, bills the advertisements as per the prescribed rates (see appendix) and sends these to the clients. Sources of Advertisements 1. Marketing Executives 2. Government Organization 3. Stringers 4. Advertising Agencies Types of advertisements in Kerala Kaumudi 1. Classified Advertisements: Classified advertisements will be shown in one line or three like accommodation wanted or available, change of name, thanks giving etc. 2. Matrimonial Advertisements: It is a kind of classified advertisement. Ads lik e bride, groom wanted etc are matrimonial advertisements. 45[Type text] 3. Ear panel Advertisement: The advertisement is shown on the top position in the front page on the left or both sides. This is an important source of income for the newspaper. 4. Display Advertisement: Display advertisement will be shown with in a box on any page of the news paper. The advertisement is usually given in two or more lines or quarter page or half page or full page .This is also a high income sour ce for the daily. Special Position Advertisement 1. Solus advertisement In the case of solus advertisement only particular advertisement is shown on the front page and all other advertisements are avoided. For this advertisement, the customer has to pay a high charge for covering opportunity cost. 2. Strip advertisement In the lower half of the front page there is only one advertisement is allo wed. Here also the advertiser compensates the opportunity cost. 4.7 PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT The Product Marketing Department takes care of everything after the newspaper is printed. This department is responsible for encouraging people to start or keep reading the publication Kerala Kaumudi is having fourth position in circulation. The fir st, second 46[Type text] and third positions are held by Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi and Deshabhimani. Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash aroun d 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships Product Marketing Department is concerned with promoting the news paper there by increasing its circulation. It is a source of revenue for the newspaper. It is mainly concerned with distribution and collection of amounts from the agents. FUNCTIONS Strengthening agency network Boost up circulation Creating awareness Increase in demand

 Supply Market research Product Improvement CHART NO. 8 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT- FLASH & DAILY 47 Asst General Manager Chief Circulation Manager Manager Corporate Operations Manager Corporate Operations Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives Daily FLAS H Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives[Type text] Chief Circulation Manger is the head of Circulation department both for Morning daily and Flash. He is directly accountable to AGM. He plans and implements the circulation strategies for daily and flash. He identifies the weak areas of cir culation and formulates competitive promotional techniques. Managers Corporate Operations of daily and flash coordinates directs and controls the circulation activities of all the three zones viz: North, mid and s outh. Circulation Manager checks the circulation figures. He should coordinate Assistant circulation managers of all units. Morning daily and Flash Circulation Manager is assisted by Assistant Circulation Manager of all units. Under them come the S ales officer, Field Inspector, Promoters and Agents. The Assistant Manager is directl y accountable to the circulation manager. His main duties are Collection of cash f rom agents using field promoters. Circulation inspector inspects the promoters and enhances the circulation activi ty. Promoters canvas the potential buyers. They resolve agents issue; collect from agents and resolves issue between agents and subscribers. Price of Kerala Kaumudi Dailies Morning daily: Price is Rs.4.00 and on Sundays the price is Rs.4.50 48[Type text] Flash: Price is Rs.3 Schemes for subscription 5 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.7272, Amount to pay is Rs.6500, Saving is Rs. 772 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calen dar for 5years 3 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs. 4363. Customer has to pay

Rs.3900 only and he can save Rs. 463. Including free gifts-onam special panchang am and calendar for 3years 2 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.2909 Amount to pay is Rs.2650, Saving is Rs. 259 Including free gifts-onam special panchangam and cale ndar for 2years 1 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.1454 Amount to pay is Rs.1350 Saving is Rs. 104 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calend ar for 1year Publishers of commercial news papers strive for higher circulation so that advertising in their newspaper becomes more effective allowing the newspaper to attract more advertisers and to charge more for the service. BUSINESS BENEFIT SCHEME 49[Type text] As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.3695 Amount to pay is Rs.2000 Saving is Rs. 1695 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calendar for 1year. In addition to 1 year subscription business firms will also get 5x2/10x1 size black & white split edition free display advertisement. KAUMUDI CENTENARY SBS CENTENARY SBS- 1 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 5016 the amount to be paid is 2500/- savings is Rs 2516. It includes 1year newspaper 1year weekly and 5x2 cm c olour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS- 3 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 8549/- the amount to be pa id is 5500/- savings is Rs 3049. It includes 3years newspaper 3years weekly and 5x2 cm colour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS-5 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs12082 the amount to be paid is 8250/- savings is Rs 3832/- It includes 5years newspaper 5years weekly and 5x2 c m colour free display advertisement. 4.8 DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Debtors Management Department is a part of Marketing Department. The main purpo se of this department is to Streamline and make the debt collection activities effi cient. This department works in connection with the Space Marketing Department and Product Marketing Department 50[Type text] CHART NO. 9. STRUCTURE OF DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPT. FUNCTIONS 1. Know the customer (before and during relationship) Credit check and monitor 51 Product Marketing Dept Space Marketing Dept

Assistant General Manager Debtor manager Asst. Manager Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Collection executives Collection executives[Type text] Request additional financial information from customer Gain intelligence from others in the sector about the customer s payment record. 2. Define credit limit setting process Use criteria to determine whether to grant credit to a customer formalize a procedure to establish customer credit limits. Also put in place a periodic rev iew procedure. Once a credit limit is established only increase limit for a customer by followi ng the same formal procedure as when the limit was established in the first place. 3. Synchronize the actions and attitudes of the sales and credit control teams. Maintain a common policy within the company when dealing with debtors 4. Consider other forms of security or credit insurance Using financial instrume nts to get paid, Inland Letters of Credit/Bills of Exchange. 5. Ensure the production of timely and accurate management information. Understand what is happening in our Business Environment Monthly management of figures to include aged debtor listings and weekly, monthly review of overdue debtors 6. Assertive debt collection policy Formalize a graduated sequence of letters/telephone calls 4.9 FINANCE DEPARTMENT Finance department controls the overall transactions of the company. Kerala Kaumudi has 11 editions spread over Kerala, Bangalore, Mumbai and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi has a centralized accounting system. All these units have to generate t heir own funds through circulation, advertisement and other sources. The generated funds are deposited to their respective bank account (Federal Bank) because the units have no 52[Type text] authority to utilize these funds. Cheque sanctioning process is carried out at c orporate office at Thiruvananthapuram with the approval and signature of MD & Director CHART NO.10 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE/ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT 53 Finance Manager Accounts Manager/Officer Corporate Accounts Head Flash Morning daily Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units

Accounts Assistant Clerks Flash Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) A/c Supervisor General A/c (Corporate) Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate )) Head of Finance/Account Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Accounts Assistant Clerks A/c Supervisor General A/c All units Morning daily Accounts Asst. Clerks Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Asst. Clerks Accounts Asst. Clerks[Type text] FUNCTIONS In every month, the corporate office will sanction Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 20,000 in advance as an imprest to all units for meeting their day-to-day expenses. At the end of the month each unit will be sending their petty vouchers to corporate office for ava iling credit to their imprest account. COST CONTROL Kerala Kaumudi is following different cost control measures. Cost control aims a t reducing inefficiencies and wastage and setting up pre determined cost and in ac hieving them. Cost control is comparing of actual performance with the standards or targ ets and taking corrective action if any deviation is occurred. BUDGETS Kerala Kaumudi is following flexible budget. Flexible budget is one which is designed to change in accordance with the level of activity actually attained. I

t provides 54[Type text] budgeted cost at different levels of activities. It is prepared after making an intelligent classification of all expense between fixed, semi variable and variable because the usefulness of such a budget depends upon the accuracy with which the expenses ca n be classified. In Kerala Kaumudi most of the accounting and technical matters are such as inventory control, production planning and control through linear programming, p ay roll accounting, sales accounting, budgetary control and standard costing are compute rized. DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES FINANCE MANAGER Member of corporate task force. Accountable to GM. To give overall guidance to the functioning of the department. To maintain the finance information system like Financial Analysis, Profit and loss account analysis, Cash flow analysis, Inventory management, Budget preparation and Project evaluation. ACCOUNTS MANAGER To coordinate all functions of Accounts department. To supervise maintenance of cash books, ledger, journal etc. To fulfill statutory requirements like TDS return filing, Advance tax payments, Sales tax return filing, Fringe benefits tax, RNI return filing HEAD OF THE FINANCE /ACCOUNTS ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION To perform the functions and duties of unit chief in the absence of unit chief. To exercise the role of chief executive officer of a unit, next to unit chief. 55[Type text] EXECUTIVE FUNCTION To advice the unit chief unit manager and task force in financial matters. To forecast and estimate the financial requirements of units and to formulate sh ort term and long term plans, budgets, targets, standards etc. To meet the financial requirements in time, raise funds from appropriate outside sources and schedule the repayment. To prepare monthly profit & loss A/c and to compare the actual with the financia l plans/target and to take control measures. To monitor the collection of debts to ensure 100% collection. To ensure optimum use of resources to reduce cost of production. To perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the corporate finance head/top management. INCIDENTAL FINANCE FUNCTION Supervision of cash receipts and disbursement. Proper custody and safeguarding important and valuable papers. Record keeping and reporting. Cash management and credit management. Assist internal auditors/inspectors assigned by CTF members/corporate finance head. Verify documentary evidence in support of a transaction. Exercise reasonable care and skill performing duties. Disclose full and fair information to the UTF and CTF. Awareness of financial position as on date. To ensure proper sequence of work to detect errors and frauds. 56[Type text] Attend training and learning programmes and keep up to date in the area of

accountancy, finance and general business conditions. ACCOUNTS ASSISTANT Undertake various reconciliation works. Ledger scrutiny on monthly basis. Preparation of monthly Profit & loss A/cs CIRCULATION ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Monitoring billing and collection activities. Sanctioning of credit adjustments. Monthly closing of ledgers. Preparation of agents control accounts. ADVERTISEMENT ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Book adjustments entry Monitoring billing and payment activities. Prepare MRV (Monthly Return Verification) statement. CLERKS Voucher entry preparation Filing vouchers and its cross verification Preparation of receipts Prepare all working papers and notes made. Dispatch of bills 4.10 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 57[Type text] The management of Man is a very important and challenging job; important because it is job, not of managing men , but of administering a social system. Human Resource Management involves procedures and practices through which human resources are organized and directed towards the attainment of the individual, social and orga nizational goals. Policy of HR Department The policy of HR Department is to render effective administrative support to the organization both at corporate level and unit level in a systematic and scientif ic manner with special emphasis on human resource development and training with the laid d own quality policy of the organization. CHART NO.11 Structure of HR Department 58 General Manager Human Resource Manager Executive (HR) Front Office Executive Office Assistants Drivers Telephone Operators Security Officer Clerk/Typist House Keeping Canteen Dispatch Supervisor[Type text] Functions HR manger is responsible for the management of the employees of both Kerala Kaum udi and Ravi Printers and publishers. The main functions of HR department include: Employment and placement Recruitment, selection and placement as per the manpower requirements of the company are the most important functions of HR Dept. Training

It is the responsibility of HR Department to impart Training and development to employees both at corporate and Units whenever required. The training programme s for employees include induction, on the job training for non managerial staffs, off the job training for managerial staffs. Wage and salary administration Compensation to employees is fixed as per the Wage rates fixed by the wage board s. 1. Proper allocation of work 2. Developing and maintaining motivation for work Performance appraisal 59[Type text] Employee health, safety and welfare services Kerala Kaumudi has a hazard free working environment. No accident has been repo rted in the past years. The welfare schemes include both Statutory and Non statutory schemes. Statutory welfare schemes consists ESI, PF, EDLI, Profession tax and labor welfa re fund. Non Statutory schemes includes Canteen facility (subsidized rate), Vehicle allow ance, LTA (leave travel allowance), Kerala Kaumudi recreation club, Kerala Kaumudi employee s cooperative society, Kerala Kaumudi employee s welfare forum, Mobile allowance, Conveyance allowance, Medical allowance and City compensatory allowan ce. I. Administering employee turnover and conducting exit interviews Employee turn over rate in the previous year was 7%. In some cases exit intervie ws are conducted. II. Industry relations Maintenance of healthy and peaceful labor-management relations is the responsibi lity of the HR Dept. This includes grievance handling, maintenance of discipline etc. III. Trade Union The existing trade union in the company is AITUC. Trade union is given managemen t participation mainly in the areas of recruitment, termination, employee linked i nsurance etc. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 60[Type text] HR Manager is responsible for the overall administration of front office, House Keeping, Drivers, Dispatch, Telephone operators and security officers ? Front Office Executive attends visitors and informs the concerned person. She keeps attendance register of head office staff. ? House Keeping staffs are responsible for the good maintenance of office ? Dispatch section staffs are assigned to send courier from the corporate office and prompt maintenance of dispatch register. 61[Type text] 4.11 SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Kerala Kaumudi started to implement computerization from 1998 onwards. Since 200 6 they have been developing their own ERP (Enterprises Resource Planning) package. System Department handles maintenance of hardware and development and maintenanc e Software. As a part of boosting the implementation of MIS, the works on developi

ng systems technologies is improving. CHART NO.12

Structure of system department Duties & Responsibilities System Engineer He is directly accountable to GM. Network administration. System assembling. Maintenance of network connectivity and data communication. System engineer Asst. System Engineer Programmer Hardware System executives 62[Type text] Hardware & system software maintenance. Asst. System Engineer Developing, testing and implementing required application package. Trouble shooting and upgrading installed application packages. Provide training to staffs on the newly installing packages. The recent achievements of systems departments include: Decentralized work Fast collection and payment of bills Fast and comprehensive generation of MIS reports as per the requirements of top management. The computer network system of Kerala Kaumudi includes around 100 machines and 3 servers. One server is for newspaper and for flash, one is for all period icals and other one is for software. The operating system used in servers is Linux and in client system is Windows. Since 2006 system department has been engaging in the development of in house ERP package (in Visual Basic) which is named as PRESS SOFT. The customization of circulation module has already completed. The works on the customization of advertisement, accounting, inventory and HR are in progress . 63[Type text] 5.1 PEST ANALYSIS A scan of the external macro environment in which the firm operates can be expre ssed in terms of the following factors: 1. Political 2. Economic 3. Social 4. Technological 5. Legal 6. Environmental The acronym PESTLE is used to describe a framework for the analysis of these mac ro environmental factors. A PESTLE analysis fits into an overall environmental scan . I. Political factors Political factors include Government regulations and legal issues and definite b oth formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. Some examples include: Tax policy The company is liable to all taxes imposed by Government and to the Kerala VAT. It is a source of income for our Govt. Employee Laws

 Environment regulations Trade restrictions and tariffs Political stability 64[Type text] Political factors won t affect media much. Kerala Kaumudi is not facing any proble ms related to political factors. II. Economic factors Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firm s cost of capital. The following are example of factors in the macro economy: Economic growth Interest rates Exchange rates Inflation rate Media is the only firm which will not get affected by any recession, global fina ncial crisis etc. It was not hit by recession III. Social factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macr o environment. These factors affect customer s needs and the size of potential marke ts. Some social factors include: Health consciousness Population growth Age distribution Career attitudes Emphasis on safety The company is trying to focus on the Ezhava Community and urging them to become a loyal customer 65[Type text] IV. Technological factors Some technological factors include: R&D activity Automation Technology incentives Kerala Kaumudi doesn t have a R&D department. The company has to bring in more efforts to technological updation in order to withstand the tight competition V. Legal Factors The company is registered under the companies Act and complies with all rules an d legal regulations as laid down by the statutes. VI. Environmental Factors The company has no environmental problems as it doesn t produce any hazardous wast es. 5.2 Porter s Five Forces Model The PORTER S models are: Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Competitive Rivalry between existing players Porter s model is one of the structured ways in which the i ndustry environment is analyzed. He says that the stronger each of these forces is, the more 66[Type text] difficult it will be for the company to raise prices and make more profits. A st

rong force is equivalent to a threat; a weak force is equivalent to an opportunity. It is u pto the operations strategy formulators to recognize the opportunities and the threats a s they arise and design an appropriate strategic response from the operations function. As it is a dynamic world, the strength of each of the competitive forces can change over ti me due to factors external to (ie, beyond the control) of the company. The force of bar gaining power of suppliers can be lessened by removing the bargaining bit. This is done by means of single sourcing and by placing tremendous emphasis upon vendor development. The threat of substitute products can be minimized by providing a variety in the fir st place. This requires an appropriate manufacturing strategic response through a cost con scious yet flexible system of manufacturing. The risk of entry of potential competitors can be reduced through making / providing a quality product or service as the customer desires at an affordable price. Also a wider range of product variety and timely service s could be provided. Bargaining power of buyers can be reduced through building long standi ng relationships between the two companies, through an atmosphere of transparency a nd through a dedicated service orientation. Operations strategy and consequent acti on can be built around these organizational necessities. CHART NO.13 RISK OF ENTRY BY POTENTIAL COMPETITORS BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS rivalry among established firms 67[Type text] 5.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF KERALA KAUMUDI In SWOT analysis, Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. \STRENGTH Credibility of news and unbiased reporting style Good reputation Financial stability Approach of investigative journalism Units spread all over Kerala with adequate printing facilities Able, dedicated and specialized workforce. Good Brand image Group harmony WEAKNESSES Falling circulation lead

 Administration lacks a professional touch. Lacks a strong mission and fails to establish time bound goals for each departme nt clearly. Absence of some core departments like R&D and Advertisement threat of substitute products 68[Type text] Absence of effective sales promotion and advertisement strategies. Narrow product line. Weak societal marketing. Resistance to change. Lacks anticipative marketing. OPPORTUNITES Untapped market segments like children, unemployed youth, teenage, job seekers, farmers, Children etc. A potential market of literate but unsubscribed to any newspaper. Diversification of business into TV channels and mobile portals. Print outsourcing. THREATS Fast changing printing technology Competitor s strong sales and marketing strategies. Fast growing Cable and satellite TV Penetration of Internet media, with no restriction of subscription charges. Unstable newsprint cost. Fast changing life style of people 69[Type text] 6.1 FINDINGS 1. Though the company is facing tough competition, comparing to its production facilities of all units and its strong public image, it has more scope in the ma rket. Company has to frame more Marketing and sales promotion strategies. 2. Comparing to competitor s products Kerala Kaumudi s coverage of national, international, business and sports news is less. 3. The company is facing a tough competition. Its main publication, daily newspaper s position in the market is fluctuating. Till 2005, it was the third largest circulated daily. In 2006, the position came down to fourth, and from 2007 it is continuing in fifth position. Financial statements from 2001-08 shows that, Comparing to previous years newspaper revenue has declined. Flash continues as No.1 mid day daily in the market. 4. Each department performs their routine work well, but these department s activities are not well coordinated to a time bound mission. 5. Company lacks a good R &D department 6. Circulation Department has limited subscription plans. 7. For print production, chemicals have been used to remove the non-image emulsion, but now plates are available that do not require chemical processing. 8. HR department is maintaining good industrial relations. HR dept needs more systematic approaches to make its main functions viz. recruitment & selection, performance management, and training procedures more efficient. 9. Editorial Department lacks adequate automation and modernization. Space Marketing Department requires more office equipments and communication facilities. 70[Type text] 6.2 SUGGESTIONS 1. When the daily s circulation lead is falling, it is the time to analyze where t he marketing efforts has failed. To establish circulation lead, more innovative and analytic approach is needed. Implementation of strategies like TQM will improve the

quality of the organization s processes, products, services through continuous improvement in all senses. 2. Increase the coverage of news. More national, international, business and spo rts news must be included. Increase the number of pages through value added news but without any increase in product price. The additional cost would be compensated by operational efficiency and increase in the ratio of advertisement to editorial. 3. Company has to frame more Market Communication Strategies. More market penetration strategies are also to be framed. Give advertisements in media havin g highest reach to the target market. The effectiveness of advertisement must be conducted periodically. 4. I suggest implementing Management by Objectives (MBO) as absence of clear cut objectives leaves unclear standards by which to evaluate the individual as well as organizational achievements. Establish challenging yet realistic goals in accord ance with the overall company mission. All departments are to translate it into time bound goals and to implement it. 5. I suggest introducing two designations: R&D Manager and Manager responsible f or the overall planning and implementation of marketing communication of Kerala Kaumudi products. An efficient research and development team which consists of all department heads and unit managers must be coordinated under the guidance of R&D Manager. Future plan must be chalked out through brain storming sessions. 71[Type text] Research, develop and launch innovative and value added products quickly and within the budget and through operational efficiency. 6. In addition to the existing subscription plans, introduce short-term and flex ible subscription plans. 7. Establish and maintain circulation lead by satisfying customer needs better th an the competitors through value added products - that would be the motto of product marketing department. 8. The company needs an anticipative marketing approach. Ensure and encourage participation of all members in distribution channel in the framing and implementation of marketing plans. 9. Kerala Kaumudi has to go at a fast pace towards the implementation of modern production technologies. Now plates are available that do not require chemical processing The development of the digital plate setter in the late twentieth cen tury eliminated film negatives altogether by exposing printing plates directly from d igital input, a process known as computer to plate printing. 10. HR department must encourage and develop an organization culture where innov ative ideas are freely exchanged. 11. Company is admitting project works of professional students from reputed universities. Admit and coordinate these studies in a fruitful manner. Admissio ns should be on the basis of analysis of resume and interview. 72[Type text] 6.3 CONCLUSION India s experienced and diverse press is in robust growth mode. We must ensure that it preserves its elements, its values and its soul. Media has a strong role in nationbuilding. Today s communication is more complex. Competitors are coming up with

more products and increased sales promotion strategies. Customer s tastes and preference, life style and quality of life are changing. As the digital tide gat hers strength, it is remarkable that the press in print continues to be the media of preference for the majority of readers who want to remain informed. What makes newspaper different from other media is that presents news in more analytical manner. It can influence an d change people s lives and their societies. As far as print media is concerned, circulation is mostly considered as the yard stick of victory. People would always want news, but it should be packaged well accordin g to the changing needs of the society. Newspapers have to address all sections of the r eadership to stay in the business. In a literate state like Kerala, there is more room fo r the newspaper companies to grow, as the rural areas are largely untapped. Kerala Kau mudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and f earless views. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrodden masses in the society. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. To compete with fast emerging TV channels and internet journalism and with the competitor s strong sales and promotion strategies, Kerala Kaumudi has to come up with new plans and strategies. 73[Type text] 74[Type text] ORGANIZATION STUDY OF KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD, PETTAH A report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of Kerala University Submitted by JASEENA.J Roll No: MGT0905016 Under the guidance of Faculty guide Project guide Ms. AMBILI.G.S VISAKH.M.S Faculty IMK Manager

H.R.

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN KERALA UNIVERSITY OF KERALA, SENATE CAMPUS THIRUVANANTHAPURAM July 2010 1[Type text] DECLARATION I declare that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, pettah submitted by me for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala is my own work.

The report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree of this Univ ersity or any other University. Place: THIRUVANATHAPURAM JASEENA.J Date: Roll No: MGT0905016 2[Type text]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar professor and , Head of the Department, Institute Of Management In Kerala, University of Kerala, for inculcating me the correct spirit of mind through his valuable advice for doing the training. I hereby express my profound gratitude to Ms Ambili G.S, Faculty, IMK palayam, for her valuable guidance throughout the course of the study. My sincere thanks to Mr. M S Visakh, HR manager, Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd., f or his valuable cooperation and timely guidance, without which this Organization St udy would be an impossible one. My special thanks to Mr. S L Praveen, System Administrator for his valuable support throughout the study. Thanks are also due to Mr. Hari, the HR executive. Last but not least, I wish to express my heart felt thanks with pleasure to my parents and all my friends for their goodwill and constructive ideas which helpe d me a lot in bringing out this work successful.

EENA.J 905016 3[Type text] SL. NO. 1. Introduction Objectives of the study Scope of the study Methodology Limitation of the study Chapterisation 1 3 3 3 3

JAS MGT0

Contents TOPIC Page No.

2. 3. 4. 5.

55 6. Findings 61 7. Suggestions 62 8. Conclusions 64 9. Bibliography 65 4[Type text] List of charts and diagrams Sl.No. Description Page No. 1 Organization Structure 16 2 Editorial Departmentdaily 21 3 Editorial-Flash 22 4 Editorial-Magazine 23 5 Production Department 25 6 DTP section 30 7 Space Marketing Department 35 8 Product marketing Department 39 9 Debtors management Department 43 10 Finance Department 45 11 HR Department 50 12 Systems Department 53 13 Porter s Five Force Model 58 5[Type text] Date .. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kera la Kaumudi (P) Ltd pettah submitted here is an bonafide record of the work done by Ms Jaseena.J under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree in Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala and this work has not been submitted by her for the award of any other degree, diploma or title of recognition earlier. Director: Faculty Guide Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar M.sAmbiliG.S Professor and Head of Department Faculty IMK IMK 6[Type text] CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

Industry profile 4 Company profile 10 Organizational Structure 16 Data Analysis PESTLE Analysis PORTER S Analysis SWOT Analysis

7[Type text] Introduction A newspaper is regularly scheduled publication containing news, information and advertising. By 2007 there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 3 95 million copies a day. The worldwide recession of 2008, combined with the rapid growth of web-based alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers closed or sharply retrenched operations. General-int erest newspapers typically publish stories on local and national political events and personalities, crime, business, entertainment, society and sports. Most traditio nal papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor and columns that express the personal opinions of writers. Other features include di splay and classified advertising, comics, and inserts from local merchants. The newspa per is typically funded by paid subscriptions and advertising. A wide variety of materi al has been published in newspapers, including editorial opinions, criticism, persuasio n and op-eds ; obituaries; entertainment features such as crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes; weather news and forecasts; advice, food and other columns; reviews of movies, plays and restaurants; classified ads; display ads, editorial cartoons a nd comic strips. Newspaper and newspaper advertising has been the most important tool in shaping the growth and development of any society in the modern world. More than anything, they have been very instrumental in bridging the communication gap between people that contributes to the air of awareness in a society. Newspapers are an important media for spreading both national and international news. It plays crucial role in the society. The news paper industry in every country stands out as an influential body contributing to the development of the modern society by acting as one of the most potential platform for exchange of thoughts and opinions. One of the most crucial tasks of newspaper industry is its contribution towards the economi c and industrial development of a country through its assimilation of the people s voice . The Indian newspaper industry has passed various stages of evolution to reach the status that it enjoys today - that of a leading press arena in the world. Th ere are hundreds of newspapers that reach out to the people of this vast country in enor mous 8[Type text] numbers every morning. A typical Indian, daily newspaper is the staple diet for a typical Indian, bringing him/her news from all over the globe. This organization study has been conducted in Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. Kerala Kaumudi, the greatest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the st ate and the country with editions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur , Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi is a Malayalam daily which provides truthful news. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd consists of all functional departments and thereby gets an idea about all departments. So an organization study was conducted at Kerala Kaumudi (P) L td with an aim of getting awareness of their functioning and final procedures of th at organization. 9[Type text] 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To identify the functions, duties, responsibilities and maintenance of each departments. 2. To verify how far the organization structure is successful in accomplishing t he objectives of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. 1.2 METHODOLOGY The study is primarily descriptive and analytical in nature. For conducting the study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected by observation and personal interviews with the managers and other staffs in the organization. Secondary data was collected from company records, previous studies conducted in the organization and company website. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study helps in bridging gap between the theory and practice of management. It offers great scope to Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd in some areas where they are considered weak. The scope of the study also extends to other media companies and future researchers. 1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 1. An in-depth study was not possible because the time limit was the main constraint. 2. Since Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, is a private sector company, access to some important information was restricted. This made some difficulties during the time of analysis. 10[Type text] 2.1 NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY When newspapers and magazines are combined, print is the world's larges t advertising medium. An increase in the newspaper sale has been witnessed in almo st all continents including Asia, Europe, Africa and South America except North America, which registered a decline in the sales. Global newspaper sales rose 2. 3% in 2006, India grew 13 %. Advertising revenues in paid dailies had been found up 3 .77 per cent. China, Japan and India account for 60 of the world s 100 best-selling da ilies while the five largest markets for newspapers are China, India, Japan, the US an d Germany. 2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NEWSPAPERS IN INDIA Indian journalism on modern lives began in 1780 at Calcutta with the publication of Bengal Gazette by J.A. Hicky in England. This was followed by a number of periodicals in English; mostly for the benefit of English people in In dia. Vernacular journalism was slow on the uptake. Nevertheless, a number of periodic

als, most of them short lived appeared in India, in latter half of 19 th century. Most of the vernacular journals owned their origin to the national consciousness awakened by the revolution of 1857 against British rule in India. Naturally the tone and the tem per displaced the British administration. The result was vernacular press act, 1878 which strictly controlled Indian papers. With the growth of national movement drastic press legislation followed one another such as the newspaper incitement Indian state a ct, 1922, official secrets act, 1923 and Indian states protection act, 1934 During t he second world war, when administrators wanted the cooperation of Indian people, a gentleman s agreement was concluded between the government and the press, which resulted in the press advisory committee at the entire states. This give press a consultative status. Before partition, Lahore was the hub of print media and almost all the newspapers of the United Punjab were published from there. After the holocaust partition, the press shifted to Jalander and stated afresh with limited means. W hen 11[Type text] India became independent, there was no longer any antagonism between the government and the people. The press was free to play an entirely new role. In M arch 1947, the government appointed a press laws enquiry committee as a result on whi ch the urbanism provision of co operation between the government and the press was inaugurated. Newspaper was published from all the starts and Union territories e xcept from Arunachal Pradesh and Lakshadweep. UP, claimed the top position with 3879 newspaper/ periodicals published from the states. The Indian print media consists of 36 centenarians. Newspapers were brought out in 93 languages and dialects. Apart from the sixteen principle languages, th e highest circulated newspaper Yomini Shim bun founded in 1874 of Japan which attained a figure of 14474573 on April 1, 1988. This has been achieved by totali ng the figures of editors published in various centers with a morning circulation of 50 17984. The bulkiest or the largest newspaper is the New York Times. Sunday edition date s in 1965 which had around 946 pages. Newspapers in 1990 are an interesting thing to watch. It is filled with information that ranges from cryogenic to cattle feeding, biotechnology to ladie s fashion to suit people in all walks of life. Newspapers have played an important role in public affairs throughout the world, whether it is in USA or in India or anyw here. Newspapers help citizen to these countries to know what is going on in their cou ntry and in rest of the world as well. The growing electronic media is catching the importance of newspaper. With the advent of satellite televisions the world has contracted to our fingertips. Even then the newspapers role will not be much cha nge. It will continue as a society s primary instrument for mass communication. In Indi

a, newspapers are published in about 100 regional languages and dialects other than Hindi and English. Over the years, the number of dailies has steadily increased. Their number increased to 5638 in 2001 from 5364 in the previous year, i.e. by 5.11 pe r cent. The total circulation of daily newspaper was 5,78,44,236 in 2001. In 2001, The Hindu, an English daily, published from Chennai was the largest circulated single edition daily with claimed circulation of 9,37,222 followed by Hindustan times, English Daily, published from Delhi with a circulation of 9,09, 278. 12[Type text] Anand Bazar Patrika, Bengali daily, came third, whereas The Times of India, Engl ish daily, was fourth. With such a huge number of newspapers and such enormous circulation, the supply chain model for the newspaper industry is a challenge in itself. Moreover , due to the perishable nature of the product, its distribution needs all the more imp ortance. A newspaper industry consist five major functional areas include editorial, advertising, production, administration, and circulation. Editorial supplies the raw material, which is transformed to the finished product through printing. The marketing function is performed by advertising and management is done by administration. The key area of sales of the product is dealt by circulation. Th e distribution channel plays an important role in newspaper industry. Newspapers are those goods which are perishable to both the manufacturer and the customer. Newspaper companies cannot print the news sections of the newspaper in advance because of the requirement that news be timely. Additionall y, with the increase in commuting times, especially in the large, metropolitan mark ets, later delivery is also not entertained. Therefore, newspaper production or distr ibution is the problem of distributing highly perishable products under severe time constraints. The newspaper industry is becoming very competitive with the national players competing with the regional players. Newspaper is a perishable commodity and in order to cater to needs of the customer in various geographical locations , a newspaper has to publish from various locations. This helps in achieving a strat egic fit between the supply chain and customer needs. The consumers are primarily looking for a national newspaper giving regional news as well. Consumers also demand faster response because of the perishable nature of the product. In order to economize on the costs of the supply chain, t he newspaper needs to have regional publication units with both national and region al news varieties in the same newspaper. 13[Type text] As has been shown by various studies, newspaper readers do not want to spend mor e on reading a newspaper. Thus an economy of scale is very important factor for a newspaper. Newspaper should achieve a critical mass of customers to achieve economies of scale. The main drivers of supply chain are inventory, transportati on facilities, and information.

Newspapers are very important in many ways. They give us lots of information about various matters at various levels that are available anywhere. Though magazines and books also give lots of information, the scope of the news there is limited to a few selected topics. Television and internet connections w hile provide news faster than the newspapers, it cannot have the width, breadth and d epth of the newspapers and do not provide the comfort of the repeated references at o ur leisure and comfort apart from harming our eyes because of the glare and being t he source of health hazards because of radiations. 2.3 International Newspapers There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized as international newspapers. Some, such as Christian Science Monitor and The International Herald Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repac kaged national newspapers or international editions of national-scale or large metropoli tan newspapers. Often these international editions are scaled down to remove article s that might not interest the wider range of readers. As English has become the international language of business and technology, many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions. In place as varied as Jerusalem and Bombay (Mumbai), newspapers are printed to a local and international English-speaking public. The advent of the Internet has also allowed the non-English newspapers t o put out a scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach. 14[Type text] Features of a newspaper may include: Editorial opinions Comics strips and other entertainment, such as Crosswords, Sudoku and Horoscopes weather news and forecasts Advice, gossip, food and other columns Critical reviews of movies, plays, restaurants, etc. Classified ads While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialists still are some weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant, or the local gay community. 2.4 NEWS PAPER BUSINESS IN KERALA Kerala has a rate of newspaper readership that is among the highest in the world. In Kerala, there are approximately 1576 newspapers in circulation! Among these, only a few newspapers are widely circulated with a good number of readers . 2.5 LEADING MALAYALAM NEWSPAPERS Malayala Manorama: First appeared on 14th March 1890, as a weekly, currently has a readership of over 15 million, with a circulation base of over 7.4 million copies.Manorama is Kerala's largest selling and most widely read newspaper. Mathrubhumi: The first copy of Mathrubhumi went to press on 18th of March 1923. Mathrubhumi today is the second most circulated newspaper in Kerala. It is publi shed from Calicut, Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Kannur, 15[Type text]

Palakkad, Malappuram and Kollam besides from Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi It has a circulation of over 13 lakhs and its readership is around 75 lakhs. Des habhimani: A Malayalam newspaper run by Communist Party of India (Marxist). Started as a weekly in 1942 and converted to a daily in 1946. Deshabhimani now has six different editions: Kozhikode, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kannur, Kottayam and Trichur. Kerala Kaumudi: A popular Malayalam newspaper, founded in 1911. Published from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kannur in Kerala and Bangalore, Kerala Kaumudi is the fourth most circulated Malayalam daily. The pap er has online editions in Malayalam and English that are updated twice daily. Deepika: One of the oldest newspapers published in India. The first issue came out on 1887 April 15. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissu r, Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode Other dailies in circulation include Madhyamam, Thejas Mangalam, Janayugam, Varthamanam, Chandrika, Janmabhumi, Sirajdaily, and Grihasree. 16[Type text] Company Profile Kerala Kaumudi, the fastest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman, a man of letters and a teacher. He was also a reversed intellectual, social reformist and a true revolutionary in both letter and sprit. Under his inspiring leadership, Kerala Kaumudi has set high standards in journalism. Kerala Kaumudi shot into limelight following the Quit India Movement . The term Kaumudi implies moonlight that blossoms the water lily. In other words, Kerala Kaumudi enlightens the entire keralites. Truly speaking, Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Shri K Sukumaran became the embodiment of Kaumudi-the full moon in enlightening the masses in the moon balanced green of Kerala. This is an apt interpretation of Kerala Kaumudi. Because of its fearless unbiased editorials and relentless dedication, the term Kerala Kaumudi becomes immortal and permanently etched in the minds of common man. And it is precisely these qualities that prompted the nation to con fer on the founder Editor P Sukumaran, one of its highest civilian honours, the prestig ious Padmabhushan. The Kerala Kaumudi legacy has been its constant pursuit for truth and unparalleled excellence in Journalism. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the state and the country with ed itions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur, Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Now Kerala Kaumudi is celebrating its 99 years of publicati on Pioneer 17[Type text] Kerala Kaumudi is the first newspaper to introduce Investigative Journalism

under the dynamic leadership of its Founder-editor, Padmabhushan K Sukumaran. It was the first among the newspapers in Kerala to introduce new technologies like photo type setting, cable transmission and computerized accounting. It was also one among the first few news papers to launch an internet edition. CORPORATE OFFICE The registered office of the company named Kaumudi Buildings is located at Pettah , a developed part in Thiruvananthapuram city. It is the place where the administration of the company is being carried out. 3.1 VISION AND MISSION Shri C V Kunjuraman started Kerala Kaumudi as a weekly in 1911 with a vision to spread over the principles of Sreenarayana Guru. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and fearless views. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY 1. To carry on business of proprietors and publishers of news paper, journals, magazines, periodicals, books and pamphlets and other literary works and undertakings. 2. To understand and execute any trusts or to act as trustees or to do any other such act as may seen desirable or beneficial whether with or without consideration. 3. To establish, maintain and promote any agency or branch offices of the compan y in India or elsewhere and to regulate the same or discontinue the same. 4. To promote any other company or companies for the purpose of acquiring any privilege, concession, property or assets of any person, firm or undertakings or other rights and liabilities of such other company or companies or concerns or 18[Type text] business as the case may be as conductive to or beneficial for the purpose of th e company. 3.3 CIRCULATION AND READERSHIP Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash around 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships. 3.4 SHARE CAPITAL The authorized capital of the Company is Rs 30,00,000 (Thirty Lakhs) divided into 3000 Equity shares of Rs.1000 each. Shares shall be under the control of t he Directors who may issue, allot or dispose of same to such persons and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as they may think fit. The company may form time to time by ordinary resolution increase its share capital by such amount as it thinks expedient by issuing new shares of such amou nts as it thinks fit. 3.5 GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY The Kerala Kaumudi has been working in profit ever since in its establishment. Profits are essential for the survival of the business. They co ver the risks and cost of staying in business. Profits maintain the revenue generating c apacity of the business. 3.6 RAW MATERIALS Materials constitute a significant part of cost of products. The important raw materials needed for the company are 1. News print 2. Ink 3. Plate

19[Type text] News print is allocated based on requirements of newspaper by Registrar of News papers of India, New Delhi and supplied mainly by STC of India. The STC supplies the imported news print Canadian, Russian etc. 3.7 SISTER CONCERNS 1. Kalakaumudi Printers and Publications 2. Ravi Printers and Publications Pvt Ltd 3. Kaumudi Investment Pvt Ltd 3.8 COMPETITORS TO KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Malayala Manorama 2. Mathrubhumi 3. Deshabhimani 4. Mangalam 5. Deepika 3.9 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COMPANY The specialty of Kerala Kaumudi Products is that they are offered at fair prices , which is affordable to the common man. Their contribution towards the developme nt of local community life is a notable one and it is working in public interest. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd has brought many sensitive news like Palmoil case, SSLC question paper leak out etc. Kerala Kaumudi has been obsessed with truth over 96 years. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with Forth right news and fearless views. Stresses on credibility and unbiased reporting , which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. Kerala Kaumudi s crusading journalism has made a class of its own in the lives of Malayalees. The newspaper s constant effort to safeguard the policy of communal reservation in Kerala is a shinning example Kerala Kaumudi s strong commitment to the welfare of the state. Kerala Kaumudi is the mastermind behind innumerable sc oop 20[Type text] stories, which demolished the ivory towers of many unparallel icons of Kerala politics. 3.10 FUTURE PLANS OF THE COMPANY The company is planning to start two media channels from 2011, the 100 th anniversary year, namely kaumudi news channel and kaumudi entertainment channel which will be launched from February 2011 most probably. The company has many plans for its future. More editions are to be launched in near future as part of Kerala Kaumudi s ambitious plan to expand its coverage to more areas. The company wants to impart some new equipments and machineries for speedy and smooth production. The company needs more efficient technicians and to compete with others. The company wants to conduct training programmes for employees. The company wishes to provide more effective and efficient labor welfare facilities to its employees. It provides many employment opportunities. 3.11 PRODUCT PROFILE PRODUCTS OF KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Kerala Kaumudi publications 1. Kerala Kaumudi daily 2. Kerala Kaumudi Flash 3. Kerala Kaumudi weekly 4. Kerala Kaumudi Panchangam 5. Kerala Kaumudi Calendar 6. Kerala Kaumudi Onam special 7. Kerala Kaumudi Sabarimala Special 8. Career Directory

9. Sree Narayana Guru Directory 10. Magic Slate 21[Type text] 2. Kerala Kaumudi Communications Kerala Kaumudi Communications focuses on audio entertainment creations. The Kerala Kaumudi GEETH series compiles melodious mixes of old and new numbers sung by all-time favorite Malayalam singers. A group of musical experts careful ly select the combinations to ensure that each release is sensitized to suit the ta stes of a unique segment. 3. Kerala Kaumudi Events wing A team of eminent professional organizes, conducts, and concludes all kinds of promotional events with a touch of class. This wing also organizes variety of s hows, shoots; arrange sponsors and broadcasts stage events on leading Malayalam channe ls worldwide. 4. Online publications Kerala Kaumudi leaped into internet 1997 in their business in online publication s are a natural growth into cyber age of Kerala Kaumudi. Kerala Kaumudi internet division or cyber studio has emerged as one of the leading web publishers of Ker ala. 24 hour data updation is done here. It is the chief source of information for NR Is from Kerala. Kaumudi sites growth and success spring from their conscious awareness o f the huge expatriate malayalee population and their abiding interest in their hom e land. 1. www.keralakaumudi.com {Malayalam Daily) 2. www.kaumudi.com (English Daily) 3. www.kaumudijalakam.com (bilingual news magazine) 4. www.sundaykaumudi.com (web tabloid). 5. www.kaumudiclassifieds.net 6. www.kaumudiusa.com (the newest addition to Kerala Kaumudi galaxy of websites)-bilingual multicultural site 22[Type text] Kaumudiusa.com is an exclusive bilingual North American Malayali targeted site, kaumudi jalakam, an innovative Malayalam net weekly and Kaumudi online, a net-only English daily, have proved to be big draws with expatriate keralites. CHART NO.1 Organization Chart of Kerala Kaumudi 23 Managing Director or Joint Managing Director Chairman/ Editor in Chief Board of Directors Chief General Manager Marketing director Corporate Administration Business Units Administration Corporate Heads Human Resource Management Production Head AGM (Marketing) Chief Manager (Finance & Accounts) Unit Chief Unit Manager Managing Editor

Editorial Department Associate Editor Chief News Editor General Editor Chief Manager (Special Projects) General Manager Company secretary[Type text] The above organization chart provides a bird s eye-view of relationships between different departments or divisions of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. As far a s Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is concerned Chairman/ Managing Director is at the top of the Organization structure. Mr. M S Mani is the Chairman of the company. He als o holds the position of the Chief Editor of the company. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is a private sector company which is registered under Indian Companies Act, 1913. At present board of directors includes Shri M S Man i, Shri M S Madhusoodhan, Shri M S Sreenivasan, and Shri M S Ravi. Shri M S Sreenivasan is the present M.D and Joint Managing Director of the Company. Chief General Manager, Company Secretary and Managing Editor are directly controlled by the Managing Director. Smt Anju Sreenivasan is the Chief General Manager. Shri Deepu Ravi is the Managing Editor of the company. The Editorial Department is under the control of Managing Editor. Corporate Administration and Business unit administration wings are controlled by General Manager, Shri M K Karthikeyan. Corporate Heads include the corporate department heads of Kerala Kaumudi. The functional departments are Human Resource Management, Production department, Marketing Department, Finance and Accounts Department and Special Projects. Assistant General Manager (Marketing) controls Space Marketing Department, New Product Marketing department and Debtors Collection Management Department. 4.1 ADMINISTRATION Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd carries out its functions and manages its affairs through the following managerial personnel. 1. Board of Directors and Managing Director 2. Company Secretary 3. Chief General Manager 4. General Manager and Functional Managers 24[Type text] 5. Unit Chiefs POWER OF DIRECTORS: 1. To appoint and at their discretion remove or suspend such managers, secretaries, officers, clerks, agents and servants for permanents, temporary or special services as they may from time to time think fit. 2. To appoint any person to accept and hold in trust for the company any property belonging to the company 3. To secure the fulfillment of any contract or engagements entered into by the company 4. To purchase or otherwise acquire for the company any property, rights or privileges which the company is authorized to acquire 5. To give receipts, releases and discharges on behalf of the company 6. To invest and deal with any moneys of the company not immediately required for the purpose of its business in such manner as they think fit. 7. To draw, accept, endorse and negotiate all such cheques, bills of exchange, drafts, promissory notes and government and other securities in connection with the business. 8. The vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors shall be filled up by the Board of Director who may fix the period for which such Director shall hold

office Duties of General Manager 1. Leads the administration, marketing and circulation department. 2. Formulate a financial budget and planning in tune with the growth and stability of the organization. 3. Advise the top management on appropriate steps to be taken to make this a better organization so that each and every employee feels he is a valuable member in the organization and develop better a team concept for enabling him to contribute his best. 25[Type text] Functions of Company Secretary Company secretary is an officer of the company, who has certain responsibilities under the law and under any duties passed to him by the directors. The role of company secretary is administrative rather than managerial. The functions are.. 1. The company Secretary performs all duties that he is required to perform unde r the Companies Act. 2. He supplies required data to the company s advocates in connection with legal matters. 3. He is directly accountable to Board of Directors. Functions of Unit Chief 1. Head of unit task force 2. Formulates the task force decisions 3. Coordinates the activities of each unit 26[Type text] 4.2 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Editorial department is considered as the nucleus of every newspaper company. This department plays a major role of collecting the news till printing . Teams of experts are working in this department. Each page of the newspaper is drafted by separate group of people. The selection of news, the headlines and th e way of presentation are all done by the journalists. The life stories of an individu al is always presented in an inverted pyramid i.e., beginning from their death till th eir time of birth and the main source of this information is a well equipped library. As name implies the reporters, general public and correspondents bring the news. The cop y desk handles the general news and local desk handles the local news. The news bureau gathers the news and the news desk edit and proof reads according to the style book. There is a deadline for each news. The headings are given by the editors. MOTTO OF KERALA KAUMUDI Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Company has an efficient news team. And its wide network is spread through out the country. It has 9 editions spreads over Kerala, Bangalore. The newspape r stresses on credibility and that is the only reason why Kaumudi is still a major player in the market. The Editorial Department is headed by the Chief Editor. Under him come Managing Editor, Executive Editor, Associate Editor, Deputy Editor and Chief New s Editor. Under them come the News Editors, Deputy News Editor, Chief Sub Editor, and Senior Sub Editors and Sub Editors. 27[Type text]

CHART No.2 Structure of Editorial Department-daily 28 Chief Editor Managing Editor Executive Editor Associate Editor Chief News Editor Editorial Section Chief Sub Editor Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer[Type text] 29[Type text] CHART NO.3 Structure of Editorial Wing - Flash 30 Managing Editor General Editor Editor in-charge Chief Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor[Type text] CHART NO.4 Structure of Editorial wing - Magazine 4.1 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Chief Editor Chief Editor controls the functions of the editing and reporting sections. Edito rial Policies of News paper are formulated by the Chief Editor. Executive Editor Executive editor is responsible for the execution of the policies formulated by the Chief Editor. He undertakes planning, administration and implementation of the policies in consultation with the Chief Editor. Associate Editor Associate Editor monitors both national and international news Chief News Editor 31 Managing Editor Sub editors Trainees [Type text] Works according to the policy of the management

 Gives orientation Gives suggestions for improvement to the Department Gives overall guidance News Editors News Editors edits general news / monitors television channels and internet. Sub editors Sub editors engage in news translation and editing activities 4.3 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The hierarchy of production department starts from editorial department. It wor ks in connection with DTP section and Circulation Department. Edited news from the editorial department reaches the DTP section through news editors. From DTP sec tion it is send to proof reading section then again to the DTP section then to the News Editor. He decides the intensity of the matter and he sets news in different pages. The news editor also decides upon the different size of caption used for different news. After the page transfer is done. 32[Type text] CHART NO.5 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Electrical Section Electrical section deals with repairing all electrical equipments, maintena nce of motors in order to avoid any break down during production. It is the duty of el ectrical engineers and electricians to make sure the uninterrupted power supply in the de partment. Mechanical Section Mechanical wing deals with the repair maintenance, preventive maintenance and shut down maintenance for machines. For this minimum numbers of persons employe d. 33 Editorial department Production Head Mechanical section Electrical section Print production Mechanical engineer Asst. mechanical engineer Fitters Electrician in charge Asst. electrician Production manager Production superintendent Supervisors Foremen[Type text] They will try to solve any problem relating to the machines. Assistant Engineer assists the Mechanical Engineer for maintenance works. Fitters help the Assistant Engine er for doing maintenance work. They check and maintain the press in good condition. Print Production The basic function of production department in Kerala Kaumudi is printing newspapers. The printing of Kerala Kaumudi newspaper is undertaken by M/s. Ravi Printers and Publishers Private Limited. Printing is done in accordance with th e print

order given to the foreman by the Circulation Department. Raw materials for prin ting are issued by the Materials Department. Printing of news paper is after 12.00a.m. P rinting of Flash begins at 11.45 and Magazine printing is on every Monday 3.00 p.m. The Print Production section mainly handles the following functions. Pasting Plate making Printing and Despatching RAW MATERIALS I. News print The size of newsprint is 70cm and 45 GSM (Gramage per square meter). As the GSM increases copies decreases and vice versa. The main supplier of newsprint Hindustan News print Ltd, Kottayam. Imported deluxe quality news print are Supplied by Pondar Global Ltd, New Delhi. Low qual ity, recycled news print is supplied by V.G.Paper and Boards Ltd, Udumalpet, Sarvalek shmi 34[Type text] Paper and Boards Ltd, Coimbatore and Vishnupriya Papers, Chennai. These newspri nts are used for the printing of inner pages. II. Ink Two types of inks are used for printing. a. Black ink: Suppliers of black ink are Shalimar Inks and Chemicals, Aluva an d Orient Inks, Kozhikodu b. Colour Ink: Suppliers of colour ink are Galilia Chemicals, Cochin M.R. Industries, Calicut. High quality ink which is used for printing advertisement columns are supplied by Coats Ink, Kalyan Marketing, Cochin. III. Plates Aluminum Plates are of three types: long, medium and short run. Long run plates are used for producing main pages in all editions. From a short-run plate 10,000 to 15,000 copies can be printed. These plates are procured from the dealers of TECHNOVA, Standard Missionary Sales Company, Patoor, Thiruvananthapuram and dealers of NIR AJ, News Graphics, Kottayam. The imported plate dealers are TOPAZ. IV. Chemicals Chemicals consumed are developers, universal wash, fountain solution, remover an d plate cleaner, Chemicals for film development-developer and fixer. V. Graphic Art film Usually films produced by Kodak and Agfa are used. Kodak films are supplied by Trade Links Ltd, Cochin and Agfa films are supplied by Krishna Agencies, Cochin. VI. Laser printer films VII. Tracing paper 35[Type text] 4.4 PROCESS OF NEWS PRODUCTION Newspapers are usually printed on an off-white paper known as newsprint. Making of newspapers is called journalism. Much emphasis has been placed upon the accuracy and fairness of the journalist. The actual content of publications comes from two separate departments. The ads, whether they be what many refer to as "display" ads (the ones with the borders a round them) or "line" ads (the categorized listings of text ads usually found in the c

lassified section) are sold and often produced by the Space Marketing Department. Everythi ng else--the news, features, columns, photos, and stock quotes--all of that comes f rom the editorial department and is referred to as "editorial content" or simply "editor ial". 1. SOURCES Agencies like PTI (Press Trust of India), UNI (United News India). Public Relations Department Political leaders Television/Internet Police Stations 2. REPORTING Reporting comprises a wide network and an efficient team of reporters. They repo rt the news in an unbiased manner. The reporting section is headed by Bureau Chief. Und er him comes the Special Correspondents, Senior Photographers, Photographers, Chief Reporters, Senior Reporters, Reporters and the Trainees. The Bureau is co nnected to the desk of editing section. The company has 42 local Bureaus. 3. NEWS STORY 36[Type text] Usually, the stories will run down columns two-and-a-sixteenth inches wide, with an eighth-inch blank space between the columns. And since ads often appear on the s ame pages as the editorial content, although it would make sense that the column wid th that editorial uses always matches up with what advertising defines as a column, occa sionally there are exceptions. 4. EDITING This section comprises of various desks: Local desk, Main desk, Feature desk, Sp orts desk and International desk. Here the selection, editing of news, selection of photographers, page layout, and coordination is carried out. Functions of Various Desks v Local Desk Local desk edits all local news. The desk is headed by Chief Sub Editor, and und er him comes the Senior Subeditor, Subeditors and Trainees. v Main Desk Main desk edits all general news, political news, science news, national news et c. It is headed by the Chief main desk and under him comes the News Editor, Chief Editor, Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors and Trainees. v Feature Desk Feature desk edits the editorial page. It is headed by Resident Editor and under him comes Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors, and trainees. v Sports Desk Edits all sports news .It comprises of News Editor and Trainees. v International Desk 37[Type text] Edits all international news. Headed by Chief Sub Editor, under him comes Sub ed itor and Trainees. 4.5 DTP SECTION

DTP is a part of the Editorial Department. DTP manager is the head of the DTP section. Pre press activities are under taken in this section. Adobe Page Maker 7.0 is the software used for pagination. The functions performed in the DTP section can be listed as follows: Firstly, the advertisement layout is setup with the requirements of advertisemen t coordinator by the operator. The remaining space on the newspaper is devoted for news. The data supplied from the desk is scanned and entered into the computers by the operators. Advertisement in the PDF format from the agencies and the photographers are entered into computers through scanners. CHART NO.6 Activities of DTP Section 38 Editorial Composing Proof section Page Layout Laser Print/ film Film pasting Plate making[Type text] Composing In DTP section, data entry of the matter handed over by the editorial section is undertaken. All the input materials such as photographic reflections, originals , nonphotographic pictures are converted into digital files and resized as per r equirement. Transmission Section transfers General pages to all editions through ISDN broadb and lines. Almost eighteen staffs are working in this section in 4 rotating shifts. Proof Section A miniature printout of A4 size will be send to editorial proof and advertisemen t proof section. Corrections are carried out after proof reading by the operators. Layout Then each page is made by the concerned desk chiefs with the support of operators. Matter is sorted again and page order is checked. Layout sheets are marked with vertical lines that correspond to the column widths of your publication, as well as horizontal markers that correspond to the units your newspaper uses to measure t he height of the ad, usually inches or centimeters. Laser Print Output Black and white pages are printing in laser printer. Image Setting The matter pages containing four colours i.e. the primary colors, cyan, magenta, yellow and black composed in PageMaker are converted to Post script files or pd f format using Torrent v6.0 SP3 software. These files are transferred to Graphic Art fil ms using an imported Image setter machine, Scantext Othello . These graphic art films are processed in the machine Image Line . After taking final full sized printout of ea ch page on LP/ film, these will be handed over to the Production department. 39[Type text]

Stripping Color negatives are stripped together for each page. A blue-line print is made from stripped-up negatives and is used to check image position before printing. Pasting The prints are pasted on the astronel sheet. Plate making The plate is produced by a photo chemical procedure. The astronel sheet is placed on an Aluminum sheet with a chemical coating and vacuum is applied on it. After this process it is exposed to an u.v .light of 3000 W for 85 seconds. When the p lates are exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs that allows an ink-receptive coatin g to be activated. This results in the transfer of the image from the negative to the pl ate. Each of the primary colors -- black, cyan (blue), magenta (red), and yellow -- has a sep arate plate. The light passes through the non-image area and it is developed by using a devel oper. Then gum is applied on the plate to avoid oxidation. The next step after plate m aking is the printing. Printing Offset lithography is the workhorse of printing. Almost every commercial printer does it. The paper is fed through the press as one continuous stream pulled from rolls of paper. Each roll can weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (1 ton) Web presses print at very high speeds and use very large sheets of paper. Even when a 1-ton roll of paper runs out, the presses do not stop rolling. The press has to maintain a constant balance be tween the force required to move the paper forward and the amount of backpressure (resista nce) that allows the paper to remain tight and flat while traveling through the equip ment. 40[Type text] Offset process Ink and water do not mix -- this is the underlying principle of offset lithograp hy. The ink is distributed to the plates through a series of rollers. On the press, the plates are dampened, first by water rollers, then by ink rollers. The rollers distribute th e ink from the ink fountain onto the plates. The image area of the plate picks up ink from the ink rollers. The water rollers keep the ink off of the non-image areas of the plate. Each plate then transfers its image to a rubber blanket that in turn transfers the image to the paper. This process is shown in the following figure. The plate itself does not actuall y touch the paper -- thus the term "offset" lithography. All of this occurs at an extremely high speed. The quality of the final product is often due to the guidance, expertise and equipment provided by the printer. Print quality is checked frequently by the pr ess operator. Bindery The bindery is where the printed product is completed. The huge rolls of nowprin

ted paper are cut and put together so that the pages fall in the correct order. These printed news papers are manually collected, counted and packed into bundles as p er the requirement of the agents and attaches a slip containing number, number of news papers enclosed etc. Dispatching These bundles are sent through different routes to various destinations or dropping points. Just before reaching the ultimate consumers or readers, the ne wspaper bundles are collected by the concerned agents at the dropping points. They in t urn take the newspaper to the readers. 41[Type text] 4.6 SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT Marketing department deals with the space marketing of classified advertisements and display of its publications. Advertisements have been a major source of revenue for the newspapers and periodicals. Most newspapers make nearly all their money from advertising. The portion of the newspaper that is not advertising is called edi torial content. Every ad the Company sell will need to conform to the column widths of the newspaper. The width of every newspaper page can be broken down into columns of equal size. How wide a column can be seen by looking at how the editorial copy f lows on a page. Usually in the case of news paper 60% of space in it is meant for news a nd 40% of space is meant for advertisement. FUNCTIONS Planning, analyzing and implementation of advertising activities. Monitoring advertisement collection activities. Coordinating the activities relate with publication of regular and periodical supplements. Coordinating the activities of the field executives both inside and outside Kera la. Research and development activities to update with changes in the industry. Arranging periodical get together of advertisement agencies and regular clients. Conducting periodical training programs for Marketing Executives. 42[Type text] CHART NO.7 STRUCTURE OF SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT- Flash & Morning Daily 43 Hari Debtors Mgmt Asst Manager Receivables team Assistant General Manager Manager Corporate Operations Manager Debtors Mgmt Manager Flash Corporate Asst Manager Corporate Commn. AAM DTP Office Asst.Cross Checking Office Asst.Voucher Billing Dispatch RM South

RM North RM Central A/c s Executive Bill wise Posting A/c s Officer Billing AM Weekly Unit Advertisement Managers Marketing Executives Customer care executives Proof Reader 1 Proof Reader 2 Proof Reader 3 DTP Staff 2 DTP Staff 1[Type text] DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Assistant General Manager AGM is directly accountable to GM. AGM is the head of Space Marketing Department & Product Marketing Department Plans, analyses and implement the entire activities in these departments. Member of corporate task force. Coordinates the entire department. Manager Corporate Operations Weekly and monthly evaluation of all units advt head. Coordinating the Billing Activities of all units. Settlement of requirements of all unit advt departments Involved in the work of corporate advt materials like rate cards proposals etc. Unit wise communications Dealing with corporate clients and agencies Asst. Manager daily Looks after all the activities connecting to advt. dept Controls the space marketing activities of Trivandrum unit (billing, collection and office administration) Planning meetings, Follow-up units of customer along with executives, Monitoring the executives , Collection monitoring, Bureau monitoring, 44 Hari[Type text] Conducting evaluation meeting on daily basis Asst. Advertisement Manager DTP Act as liaison between DTP and Advertisement Ensuring of scheduled ads to be carried in daily basis Ensuring timely settlement of ad matters to be present in Daily Coordinating the entire activity for ad placing in Daily Customer care executives: handle the clients and explain the schemes and service s to them. Office Asst: carries out the cross verification of advertisements before dispatc h, bills the advertisements as per the prescribed rates (see appendix) and sends these to the clients. Sources of Advertisements 1. Marketing Executives 2. Government Organization 3. Stringers 4. Advertising Agencies Types of advertisements in Kerala Kaumudi 1. Classified Advertisements: Classified advertisements will be shown in one

line or three like accommodation wanted or available, change of name, thanks giving etc. 2. Matrimonial Advertisements: It is a kind of classified advertisement. Ads lik e bride, groom wanted etc are matrimonial advertisements. 45[Type text] 3. Ear panel Advertisement: The advertisement is shown on the top position in the front page on the left or both sides. This is an important source of income for the newspaper. 4. Display Advertisement: Display advertisement will be shown with in a box on any page of the news paper. The advertisement is usually given in two or more lines or quarter page or half page or full page .This is also a high income sour ce for the daily. Special Position Advertisement 1. Solus advertisement In the case of solus advertisement only particular advertisement is shown on the front page and all other advertisements are avoided. For this advertisement, the customer has to pay a high charge for covering opportunity cost. 2. Strip advertisement In the lower half of the front page there is only one advertisement is allo wed. Here also the advertiser compensates the opportunity cost. 4.7 PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT The Product Marketing Department takes care of everything after the newspaper is printed. This department is responsible for encouraging people to start or keep reading the publication Kerala Kaumudi is having fourth position in circulation. The fir st, second 46[Type text] and third positions are held by Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi and Deshabhimani. Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash aroun d 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships Product Marketing Department is concerned with promoting the news paper there by increasing its circulation. It is a source of revenue for the newspaper. It is mainly concerned with distribution and collection of amounts from the agents. FUNCTIONS Strengthening agency network Boost up circulation Creating awareness Increase in demand Supply Market research Product Improvement CHART NO. 8 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT- FLASH & DAILY 47 Asst General Manager Chief Circulation Manager Corporate Operations Manager Manager Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers

Corporate Operations

Circulation Executives Daily FLAS H Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives[Type text] Chief Circulation Manger is the head of Circulation department both for Morning daily and Flash. He is directly accountable to AGM. He plans and implements the circulation strategies for daily and flash. He identifies the weak areas of cir culation and formulates competitive promotional techniques. Managers Corporate Operations of daily and flash coordinates directs and controls the circulation activities of all the three zones viz: North, mid and s outh. Circulation Manager checks the circulation figures. He should coordinate Assistant circulation managers of all units. Morning daily and Flash Circulation Manager is assisted by Assistant Circulation Manager of all units. Under them come the S ales officer, Field Inspector, Promoters and Agents. The Assistant Manager is directl y accountable to the circulation manager. His main duties are Collection of cash f rom agents using field promoters. Circulation inspector inspects the promoters and enhances the circulation activi ty. Promoters canvas the potential buyers. They resolve agents issue; collect from agents and resolves issue between agents and subscribers. Price of Kerala Kaumudi Dailies Morning daily: Price is Rs.4.00 and on Sundays the price is Rs.4.50 48[Type text] Flash: Price is Rs.3 Schemes for subscription 5 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.7272, Amount to pay is Rs.6500, Saving is Rs. 772 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calen dar for 5years 3 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs. 4363. Customer has to pay Rs.3900 only and he can save Rs. 463. Including free gifts-onam special panchang am and calendar for 3years 2 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.2909 Amount to pay is Rs.2650, Saving is Rs. 259 Including free gifts-onam special panchangam and cale ndar for 2years 1 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.1454 Amount to pay is Rs.1350 Saving is Rs. 104 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calend ar for 1year Publishers of commercial news papers strive for higher circulation so that advertising in their newspaper becomes more effective allowing the newspaper to

attract more advertisers and to charge more for the service. BUSINESS BENEFIT SCHEME 49[Type text] As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.3695 Amount to pay is Rs.2000 Saving is Rs. 1695 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calendar for 1year. In addition to 1 year subscription business firms will also get 5x2/10x1 size black & white split edition free display advertisement. KAUMUDI CENTENARY SBS CENTENARY SBS- 1 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 5016 the amount to be paid is 2500/- savings is Rs 2516. It includes 1year newspaper 1year weekly and 5x2 cm c olour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS- 3 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 8549/- the amount to be pa id is 5500/- savings is Rs 3049. It includes 3years newspaper 3years weekly and 5x2 cm colour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS-5 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs12082 the amount to be paid is 8250/- savings is Rs 3832/- It includes 5years newspaper 5years weekly and 5x2 c m colour free display advertisement. 4.8 DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Debtors Management Department is a part of Marketing Department. The main purpo se of this department is to Streamline and make the debt collection activities effi cient. This department works in connection with the Space Marketing Department and Product Marketing Department 50[Type text] CHART NO. 9. STRUCTURE OF DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPT. FUNCTIONS 1. Know the customer (before and during relationship) Credit check and monitor 51 Product Marketing Dept Space Marketing Dept Assistant General Manager Debtor manager Asst. Manager Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Collection executives Collection executives[Type text] Request additional financial information from customer Gain intelligence from others in the sector about the customer s payment record.

2. Define credit limit setting process Use criteria to determine whether to grant credit to a customer formalize a procedure to establish customer credit limits. Also put in place a periodic rev iew procedure. Once a credit limit is established only increase limit for a customer by followi ng the same formal procedure as when the limit was established in the first place. 3. Synchronize the actions and attitudes of the sales and credit control teams. Maintain a common policy within the company when dealing with debtors 4. Consider other forms of security or credit insurance Using financial instrume nts to get paid, Inland Letters of Credit/Bills of Exchange. 5. Ensure the production of timely and accurate management information. Understand what is happening in our Business Environment Monthly management of figures to include aged debtor listings and weekly, monthly review of overdue debtors 6. Assertive debt collection policy Formalize a graduated sequence of letters/telephone calls 4.9 FINANCE DEPARTMENT Finance department controls the overall transactions of the company. Kerala Kaumudi has 11 editions spread over Kerala, Bangalore, Mumbai and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi has a centralized accounting system. All these units have to generate t heir own funds through circulation, advertisement and other sources. The generated funds are deposited to their respective bank account (Federal Bank) because the units have no 52[Type text] authority to utilize these funds. Cheque sanctioning process is carried out at c orporate office at Thiruvananthapuram with the approval and signature of MD & Director CHART NO.10 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE/ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT 53 Finance Manager Accounts Manager/Officer Corporate Accounts Head Flash Morning daily Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Assistant Clerks Flash Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) A/c Supervisor General A/c (Corporate) Advt. A/c

Supervisor (Corporate )) Head of Finance/Account Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Accounts Assistant Clerks A/c Supervisor General A/c All units Morning daily Accounts Asst. Clerks Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Asst. Clerks Accounts Asst. Clerks[Type text] FUNCTIONS In every month, the corporate office will sanction Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 20,000 in advance as an imprest to all units for meeting their day-to-day expenses. At the end of the month each unit will be sending their petty vouchers to corporate office for ava iling credit to their imprest account. COST CONTROL Kerala Kaumudi is following different cost control measures. Cost control aims a t reducing inefficiencies and wastage and setting up pre determined cost and in ac hieving them. Cost control is comparing of actual performance with the standards or targ ets and taking corrective action if any deviation is occurred. BUDGETS Kerala Kaumudi is following flexible budget. Flexible budget is one which is designed to change in accordance with the level of activity actually attained. I t provides 54[Type text] budgeted cost at different levels of activities. It is prepared after making an intelligent classification of all expense between fixed, semi variable and variable because the usefulness of such a budget depends upon the accuracy with which the expenses ca n be classified. In Kerala Kaumudi most of the accounting and technical matters are such as inventory control, production planning and control through linear programming, p ay roll accounting, sales accounting, budgetary control and standard costing are compute rized. DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES

FINANCE MANAGER Member of corporate task force. Accountable to GM. To give overall guidance to the functioning of the department. To maintain the finance information system like Financial Analysis, Profit and loss account analysis, Cash flow analysis, Inventory management, Budget preparation and Project evaluation. ACCOUNTS MANAGER To coordinate all functions of Accounts department. To supervise maintenance of cash books, ledger, journal etc. To fulfill statutory requirements like TDS return filing, Advance tax payments, Sales tax return filing, Fringe benefits tax, RNI return filing HEAD OF THE FINANCE /ACCOUNTS ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION To perform the functions and duties of unit chief in the absence of unit chief. To exercise the role of chief executive officer of a unit, next to unit chief. 55[Type text] EXECUTIVE FUNCTION To advice the unit chief unit manager and task force in financial matters. To forecast and estimate the financial requirements of units and to formulate sh ort term and long term plans, budgets, targets, standards etc. To meet the financial requirements in time, raise funds from appropriate outside sources and schedule the repayment. To prepare monthly profit & loss A/c and to compare the actual with the financia l plans/target and to take control measures. To monitor the collection of debts to ensure 100% collection. To ensure optimum use of resources to reduce cost of production. To perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the corporate finance head/top management. INCIDENTAL FINANCE FUNCTION Supervision of cash receipts and disbursement. Proper custody and safeguarding important and valuable papers. Record keeping and reporting. Cash management and credit management. Assist internal auditors/inspectors assigned by CTF members/corporate finance head. Verify documentary evidence in support of a transaction. Exercise reasonable care and skill performing duties. Disclose full and fair information to the UTF and CTF. Awareness of financial position as on date. To ensure proper sequence of work to detect errors and frauds. 56[Type text] Attend training and learning programmes and keep up to date in the area of accountancy, finance and general business conditions. ACCOUNTS ASSISTANT Undertake various reconciliation works. Ledger scrutiny on monthly basis. Preparation of monthly Profit & loss A/cs CIRCULATION ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Monitoring billing and collection activities. Sanctioning of credit adjustments. Monthly closing of ledgers. Preparation of agents control accounts. ADVERTISEMENT ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Book adjustments entry Monitoring billing and payment activities. Prepare MRV (Monthly Return Verification) statement. CLERKS

 Voucher entry preparation Filing vouchers and its cross verification Preparation of receipts Prepare all working papers and notes made. Dispatch of bills 4.10 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 57[Type text] The management of Man is a very important and challenging job; important because it is job, not of managing men , but of administering a social system. Human Resource Management involves procedures and practices through which human resources are organized and directed towards the attainment of the individual, social and orga nizational goals. Policy of HR Department The policy of HR Department is to render effective administrative support to the organization both at corporate level and unit level in a systematic and scientif ic manner with special emphasis on human resource development and training with the laid d own quality policy of the organization. CHART NO.11 Structure of HR Department 58 General Manager Human Resource Manager Executive (HR) Front Office Executive Office Assistants Drivers Telephone Operators Security Officer Clerk/Typist House Keeping Canteen Dispatch Supervisor[Type text] Functions HR manger is responsible for the management of the employees of both Kerala Kaum udi and Ravi Printers and publishers. The main functions of HR department include: Employment and placement Recruitment, selection and placement as per the manpower requirements of the company are the most important functions of HR Dept. Training It is the responsibility of HR Department to impart Training and development to employees both at corporate and Units whenever required. The training programme s for employees include induction, on the job training for non managerial staffs, off the job training for managerial staffs. Wage and salary administration Compensation to employees is fixed as per the Wage rates fixed by the wage board s. 1. Proper allocation of work 2. Developing and maintaining motivation for work Performance appraisal 59[Type text] Employee health, safety and welfare services Kerala Kaumudi has a hazard free working environment. No accident has been repo

rted in the past years. The welfare schemes include both Statutory and Non statutory schemes. Statutory welfare schemes consists ESI, PF, EDLI, Profession tax and labor welfa re fund. Non Statutory schemes includes Canteen facility (subsidized rate), Vehicle allow ance, LTA (leave travel allowance), Kerala Kaumudi recreation club, Kerala Kaumudi employee s cooperative society, Kerala Kaumudi employee s welfare forum, Mobile allowance, Conveyance allowance, Medical allowance and City compensatory allowan ce. I. Administering employee turnover and conducting exit interviews Employee turn over rate in the previous year was 7%. In some cases exit intervie ws are conducted. II. Industry relations Maintenance of healthy and peaceful labor-management relations is the responsibi lity of the HR Dept. This includes grievance handling, maintenance of discipline etc. III. Trade Union The existing trade union in the company is AITUC. Trade union is given managemen t participation mainly in the areas of recruitment, termination, employee linked i nsurance etc. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 60[Type text] HR Manager is responsible for the overall administration of front office, House Keeping, Drivers, Dispatch, Telephone operators and security officers ? Front Office Executive attends visitors and informs the concerned person. She keeps attendance register of head office staff. ? House Keeping staffs are responsible for the good maintenance of office ? Dispatch section staffs are assigned to send courier from the corporate office and prompt maintenance of dispatch register. 61[Type text] 4.11 SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Kerala Kaumudi started to implement computerization from 1998 onwards. Since 200 6 they have been developing their own ERP (Enterprises Resource Planning) package. System Department handles maintenance of hardware and development and maintenanc e Software. As a part of boosting the implementation of MIS, the works on developi ng systems technologies is improving. CHART NO.12 Structure of system department Duties & Responsibilities System Engineer He is directly accountable to GM. Network administration. System assembling. Maintenance of network connectivity and data communication. System engineer Asst. System Engineer Programmer Hardware System executives 62[Type text]

 Hardware & system software maintenance. Asst. System Engineer Developing, testing and implementing required application package. Trouble shooting and upgrading installed application packages. Provide training to staffs on the newly installing packages. The recent achievements of systems departments include: Decentralized work Fast collection and payment of bills Fast and comprehensive generation of MIS reports as per the requirements of top management. The computer network system of Kerala Kaumudi includes around 100 machines and 3 servers. One server is for newspaper and for flash, one is for all period icals and other one is for software. The operating system used in servers is Linux and in client system is Windows. Since 2006 system department has been engaging in the development of in house ERP package (in Visual Basic) which is named as PRESS SOFT. The customization of circulation module has already completed. The works on the customization of advertisement, accounting, inventory and HR are in progress . 63[Type text] 5.1 PEST ANALYSIS A scan of the external macro environment in which the firm operates can be expre ssed in terms of the following factors: 1. Political 2. Economic 3. Social 4. Technological 5. Legal 6. Environmental The acronym PESTLE is used to describe a framework for the analysis of these mac ro environmental factors. A PESTLE analysis fits into an overall environmental scan . I. Political factors Political factors include Government regulations and legal issues and definite b oth formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. Some examples include: Tax policy The company is liable to all taxes imposed by Government and to the Kerala VAT. It is a source of income for our Govt. Employee Laws Environment regulations Trade restrictions and tariffs Political stability 64[Type text] Political factors won t affect media much. Kerala Kaumudi is not facing any proble ms related to political factors. II. Economic factors Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firm s cost of capital. The following are example of factors in the macro economy: Economic growth Interest rates Exchange rates Inflation rate

Media is the only firm which will not get affected by any recession, global fina ncial crisis etc. It was not hit by recession III. Social factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macr o environment. These factors affect customer s needs and the size of potential marke ts. Some social factors include: Health consciousness Population growth Age distribution Career attitudes Emphasis on safety The company is trying to focus on the Ezhava Community and urging them to become a loyal customer 65[Type text] IV. Technological factors Some technological factors include: R&D activity Automation Technology incentives Kerala Kaumudi doesn t have a R&D department. The company has to bring in more efforts to technological updation in order to withstand the tight competition V. Legal Factors The company is registered under the companies Act and complies with all rules an d legal regulations as laid down by the statutes. VI. Environmental Factors The company has no environmental problems as it doesn t produce any hazardous wast es. 5.2 Porter s Five Forces Model The PORTER S models are: Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Competitive Rivalry between existing players Porter s model is one of the structured ways in which the i ndustry environment is analyzed. He says that the stronger each of these forces is, the more 66[Type text] difficult it will be for the company to raise prices and make more profits. A st rong force is equivalent to a threat; a weak force is equivalent to an opportunity. It is u pto the operations strategy formulators to recognize the opportunities and the threats a s they arise and design an appropriate strategic response from the operations function. As it is a dynamic world, the strength of each of the competitive forces can change over ti me due to factors external to (ie, beyond the control) of the company. The force of bar gaining power of suppliers can be lessened by removing the bargaining bit. This is done by means of single sourcing and by placing tremendous emphasis upon vendor development. The threat of substitute products can be minimized by providing a variety in the fir

st place. This requires an appropriate manufacturing strategic response through a cost con scious yet flexible system of manufacturing. The risk of entry of potential competitors can be reduced through making / providing a quality product or service as the customer desires at an affordable price. Also a wider range of product variety and timely service s could be provided. Bargaining power of buyers can be reduced through building long standi ng relationships between the two companies, through an atmosphere of transparency a nd through a dedicated service orientation. Operations strategy and consequent acti on can be built around these organizational necessities. CHART NO.13 RISK OF ENTRY BY POTENTIAL COMPETITORS BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS rivalry among established firms 67[Type text] 5.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF KERALA KAUMUDI In SWOT analysis, Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. \STRENGTH Credibility of news and unbiased reporting style Good reputation Financial stability Approach of investigative journalism Units spread all over Kerala with adequate printing facilities Able, dedicated and specialized workforce. Good Brand image Group harmony WEAKNESSES Falling circulation lead Administration lacks a professional touch. Lacks a strong mission and fails to establish time bound goals for each departme nt clearly. Absence of some core departments like R&D and Advertisement threat of substitute products 68[Type text] Absence of effective sales promotion and advertisement strategies. Narrow product line. Weak societal marketing. Resistance to change. Lacks anticipative marketing. OPPORTUNITES

 Untapped market segments like children, unemployed youth, teenage, job seekers, farmers, Children etc. A potential market of literate but unsubscribed to any newspaper. Diversification of business into TV channels and mobile portals. Print outsourcing. THREATS Fast changing printing technology Competitor s strong sales and marketing strategies. Fast growing Cable and satellite TV Penetration of Internet media, with no restriction of subscription charges. Unstable newsprint cost. Fast changing life style of people 69[Type text] 6.1 FINDINGS 1. Though the company is facing tough competition, comparing to its production facilities of all units and its strong public image, it has more scope in the ma rket. Company has to frame more Marketing and sales promotion strategies. 2. Comparing to competitor s products Kerala Kaumudi s coverage of national, international, business and sports news is less. 3. The company is facing a tough competition. Its main publication, daily newspaper s position in the market is fluctuating. Till 2005, it was the third largest circulated daily. In 2006, the position came down to fourth, and from 2007 it is continuing in fifth position. Financial statements from 2001-08 shows that, Comparing to previous years newspaper revenue has declined. Flash continues as No.1 mid day daily in the market. 4. Each department performs their routine work well, but these department s activities are not well coordinated to a time bound mission. 5. Company lacks a good R &D department 6. Circulation Department has limited subscription plans. 7. For print production, chemicals have been used to remove the non-image emulsion, but now plates are available that do not require chemical processing. 8. HR department is maintaining good industrial relations. HR dept needs more systematic approaches to make its main functions viz. recruitment & selection, performance management, and training procedures more efficient. 9. Editorial Department lacks adequate automation and modernization. Space Marketing Department requires more office equipments and communication facilities. 70[Type text] 6.2 SUGGESTIONS 1. When the daily s circulation lead is falling, it is the time to analyze where t he marketing efforts has failed. To establish circulation lead, more innovative and analytic approach is needed. Implementation of strategies like TQM will improve the quality of the organization s processes, products, services through continuous improvement in all senses. 2. Increase the coverage of news. More national, international, business and spo rts news must be included. Increase the number of pages through value added news but without any increase in product price. The additional cost would be compensated by operational efficiency and increase in the ratio of advertisement to editorial. 3. Company has to frame more Market Communication Strategies. More market penetration strategies are also to be framed. Give advertisements in media havin g highest reach to the target market. The effectiveness of advertisement must be conducted periodically. 4. I suggest implementing Management by Objectives (MBO) as absence of clear cut objectives leaves unclear standards by which to evaluate the individual as well

as organizational achievements. Establish challenging yet realistic goals in accord ance with the overall company mission. All departments are to translate it into time bound goals and to implement it. 5. I suggest introducing two designations: R&D Manager and Manager responsible f or the overall planning and implementation of marketing communication of Kerala Kaumudi products. An efficient research and development team which consists of all department heads and unit managers must be coordinated under the guidance of R&D Manager. Future plan must be chalked out through brain storming sessions. 71[Type text] Research, develop and launch innovative and value added products quickly and within the budget and through operational efficiency. 6. In addition to the existing subscription plans, introduce short-term and flex ible subscription plans. 7. Establish and maintain circulation lead by satisfying customer needs better th an the competitors through value added products - that would be the motto of product marketing department. 8. The company needs an anticipative marketing approach. Ensure and encourage participation of all members in distribution channel in the framing and implementation of marketing plans. 9. Kerala Kaumudi has to go at a fast pace towards the implementation of modern production technologies. Now plates are available that do not require chemical processing The development of the digital plate setter in the late twentieth cen tury eliminated film negatives altogether by exposing printing plates directly from d igital input, a process known as computer to plate printing. 10. HR department must encourage and develop an organization culture where innov ative ideas are freely exchanged. 11. Company is admitting project works of professional students from reputed universities. Admit and coordinate these studies in a fruitful manner. Admissio ns should be on the basis of analysis of resume and interview. 72[Type text] 6.3 CONCLUSION India s experienced and diverse press is in robust growth mode. We must ensure that it preserves its elements, its values and its soul. Media has a strong role in nationbuilding. Today s communication is more complex. Competitors are coming up with more products and increased sales promotion strategies. Customer s tastes and preference, life style and quality of life are changing. As the digital tide gat hers strength, it is remarkable that the press in print continues to be the media of preference for the majority of readers who want to remain informed. What makes newspaper different from other media is that presents news in more analytical manner. It can influence an d change people s lives and their societies. As far as print media is concerned, circulation is mostly considered as the yard stick of victory. People would always want news, but it should be packaged well accordin g to the changing needs of the society. Newspapers have to address all sections of the r

eadership to stay in the business. In a literate state like Kerala, there is more room fo r the newspaper companies to grow, as the rural areas are largely untapped. Kerala Kau mudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and f earless views. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrodden masses in the society. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. To compete with fast emerging TV channels and internet journalism and with the competitor s strong sales and promotion strategies, Kerala Kaumudi has to come up with new plans and strategies. 73[Type text] 74[Type text] ORGANIZATION STUDY OF KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD, PETTAH A report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of Kerala University Submitted by JASEENA.J Roll No: MGT0905016 Under the guidance of Faculty guide Project guide Ms. AMBILI.G.S VISAKH.M.S Faculty IMK Manager

H.R.

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN KERALA UNIVERSITY OF KERALA, SENATE CAMPUS THIRUVANANTHAPURAM July 2010 1[Type text] DECLARATION I declare that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, pettah submitted by me for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala is my own work. The report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree of this Univ ersity or any other University. Place: THIRUVANATHAPURAM JASEENA.J Date: Roll No: MGT0905016 2[Type text]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar professor and ,

Head of the Department, Institute Of Management In Kerala, University of Kerala, for inculcating me the correct spirit of mind through his valuable advice for doing the training. I hereby express my profound gratitude to Ms Ambili G.S, Faculty, IMK palayam, for her valuable guidance throughout the course of the study. My sincere thanks to Mr. M S Visakh, HR manager, Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd., f or his valuable cooperation and timely guidance, without which this Organization St udy would be an impossible one. My special thanks to Mr. S L Praveen, System Administrator for his valuable support throughout the study. Thanks are also due to Mr. Hari, the HR executive. Last but not least, I wish to express my heart felt thanks with pleasure to my parents and all my friends for their goodwill and constructive ideas which helpe d me a lot in bringing out this work successful.

EENA.J 905016 3[Type text] SL. NO. 1. Introduction Objectives of the study Scope of the study Methodology Limitation of the study Chapterisation 1 3 3 3 3 2. Industry profile 4 3. Company profile 10 4. Organizational Structure 16 5. Data Analysis PESTLE Analysis PORTER S Analysis SWOT Analysis 55 6. Findings 61 7. Suggestions 62 8. Conclusions 64 9. Bibliography 65 4[Type text] List of charts and diagrams Sl.No. Description Page No.

JAS MGT0

Contents TOPIC Page No.

1 Organization Structure 16 2 Editorial Departmentdaily 21 3 Editorial-Flash 22 4 Editorial-Magazine 23 5 Production Department 25 6 DTP section 30 7 Space Marketing Department 35 8 Product marketing Department 39 9 Debtors management Department 43 10 Finance Department 45 11 HR Department 50 12 Systems Department 53 13 Porter s Five Force Model 58 5[Type text] Date .. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kera la Kaumudi (P) Ltd pettah submitted here is an bonafide record of the work done by Ms Jaseena.J under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree in Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala and this work has not been submitted by her for the award of any other degree, diploma or title of recognition earlier. Director: Faculty Guide Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar M.sAmbiliG.S Professor and Head of Department Faculty IMK IMK 6[Type text] CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 7[Type text] Introduction A newspaper is regularly scheduled publication containing news, information and advertising. By 2007 there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 3 95 million copies a day. The worldwide recession of 2008, combined with the rapid growth of web-based alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers closed or sharply retrenched operations. General-int erest newspapers typically publish stories on local and national political events and personalities, crime, business, entertainment, society and sports. Most traditio nal papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor and columns that express the personal opinions of writers. Other features include di

splay and classified advertising, comics, and inserts from local merchants. The newspa per is typically funded by paid subscriptions and advertising. A wide variety of materi al has been published in newspapers, including editorial opinions, criticism, persuasio n and op-eds ; obituaries; entertainment features such as crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes; weather news and forecasts; advice, food and other columns; reviews of movies, plays and restaurants; classified ads; display ads, editorial cartoons a nd comic strips. Newspaper and newspaper advertising has been the most important tool in shaping the growth and development of any society in the modern world. More than anything, they have been very instrumental in bridging the communication gap between people that contributes to the air of awareness in a society. Newspapers are an important media for spreading both national and international news. It plays crucial role in the society. The news paper industry in every country stands out as an influential body contributing to the development of the modern society by acting as one of the most potential platform for exchange of thoughts and opinions. One of the most crucial tasks of newspaper industry is its contribution towards the economi c and industrial development of a country through its assimilation of the people s voice . The Indian newspaper industry has passed various stages of evolution to reach the status that it enjoys today - that of a leading press arena in the world. Th ere are hundreds of newspapers that reach out to the people of this vast country in enor mous 8[Type text] numbers every morning. A typical Indian, daily newspaper is the staple diet for a typical Indian, bringing him/her news from all over the globe. This organization study has been conducted in Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. Kerala Kaumudi, the greatest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the st ate and the country with editions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur , Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi is a Malayalam daily which provides truthful news. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd consists of all functional departments and thereby gets an idea about all departments. So an organization study was conducted at Kerala Kaumudi (P) L td with an aim of getting awareness of their functioning and final procedures of th at organization. 9[Type text] 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To identify the functions, duties, responsibilities and maintenance of each departments. 2. To verify how far the organization structure is successful in accomplishing t he objectives of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. 1.2 METHODOLOGY The study is primarily descriptive and analytical in nature. For conducting the study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected by observation and personal interviews with the managers and other staffs in the organization. Secondary data was collected from company records, previous studies conducted in the organization and company website. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study helps in bridging gap between the theory and practice of management. It offers great scope to Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd in some areas where they are considered weak. The scope of the study also extends to other media companies and future researchers. 1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 1. An in-depth study was not possible because the time limit was the main constraint. 2. Since Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, is a private sector company, access to some important information was restricted. This made some difficulties during the time of analysis. 10[Type text] 2.1 NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY When newspapers and magazines are combined, print is the world's larges t advertising medium. An increase in the newspaper sale has been witnessed in almo st all continents including Asia, Europe, Africa and South America except North America, which registered a decline in the sales. Global newspaper sales rose 2. 3% in 2006, India grew 13 %. Advertising revenues in paid dailies had been found up 3 .77 per cent. China, Japan and India account for 60 of the world s 100 best-selling da ilies while the five largest markets for newspapers are China, India, Japan, the US an d Germany. 2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NEWSPAPERS IN INDIA Indian journalism on modern lives began in 1780 at Calcutta with the publication of Bengal Gazette by J.A. Hicky in England. This was followed by a number of periodicals in English; mostly for the benefit of English people in In dia. Vernacular journalism was slow on the uptake. Nevertheless, a number of periodic als, most of them short lived appeared in India, in latter half of 19 th century. Most of the vernacular journals owned their origin to the national consciousness awakened by the revolution of 1857 against British rule in India. Naturally the tone and the tem per displaced the British administration. The result was vernacular press act, 1878 which strictly controlled Indian papers. With the growth of national movement drastic press legislation followed one another such as the newspaper incitement Indian state a ct, 1922, official secrets act, 1923 and Indian states protection act, 1934 During t

he second world war, when administrators wanted the cooperation of Indian people, a gentleman s agreement was concluded between the government and the press, which resulted in the press advisory committee at the entire states. This give press a consultative status. Before partition, Lahore was the hub of print media and almost all the newspapers of the United Punjab were published from there. After the holocaust partition, the press shifted to Jalander and stated afresh with limited means. W hen 11[Type text] India became independent, there was no longer any antagonism between the government and the people. The press was free to play an entirely new role. In M arch 1947, the government appointed a press laws enquiry committee as a result on whi ch the urbanism provision of co operation between the government and the press was inaugurated. Newspaper was published from all the starts and Union territories e xcept from Arunachal Pradesh and Lakshadweep. UP, claimed the top position with 3879 newspaper/ periodicals published from the states. The Indian print media consists of 36 centenarians. Newspapers were brought out in 93 languages and dialects. Apart from the sixteen principle languages, th e highest circulated newspaper Yomini Shim bun founded in 1874 of Japan which attained a figure of 14474573 on April 1, 1988. This has been achieved by totali ng the figures of editors published in various centers with a morning circulation of 50 17984. The bulkiest or the largest newspaper is the New York Times. Sunday edition date s in 1965 which had around 946 pages. Newspapers in 1990 are an interesting thing to watch. It is filled with information that ranges from cryogenic to cattle feeding, biotechnology to ladie s fashion to suit people in all walks of life. Newspapers have played an important role in public affairs throughout the world, whether it is in USA or in India or anyw here. Newspapers help citizen to these countries to know what is going on in their cou ntry and in rest of the world as well. The growing electronic media is catching the importance of newspaper. With the advent of satellite televisions the world has contracted to our fingertips. Even then the newspapers role will not be much cha nge. It will continue as a society s primary instrument for mass communication. In Indi a, newspapers are published in about 100 regional languages and dialects other than Hindi and English. Over the years, the number of dailies has steadily increased. Their number increased to 5638 in 2001 from 5364 in the previous year, i.e. by 5.11 pe r cent. The total circulation of daily newspaper was 5,78,44,236 in 2001. In 2001, The Hindu, an English daily, published from Chennai was the largest circulated single edition daily with claimed circulation of 9,37,222 followed by Hindustan times, English Daily, published from Delhi with a circulation of 9,09, 278. 12[Type text] Anand Bazar Patrika, Bengali daily, came third, whereas The Times of India, Engl ish daily, was fourth.

With such a huge number of newspapers and such enormous circulation, the supply chain model for the newspaper industry is a challenge in itself. Moreover , due to the perishable nature of the product, its distribution needs all the more imp ortance. A newspaper industry consist five major functional areas include editorial, advertising, production, administration, and circulation. Editorial supplies the raw material, which is transformed to the finished product through printing. The marketing function is performed by advertising and management is done by administration. The key area of sales of the product is dealt by circulation. Th e distribution channel plays an important role in newspaper industry. Newspapers are those goods which are perishable to both the manufacturer and the customer. Newspaper companies cannot print the news sections of the newspaper in advance because of the requirement that news be timely. Additionall y, with the increase in commuting times, especially in the large, metropolitan mark ets, later delivery is also not entertained. Therefore, newspaper production or distr ibution is the problem of distributing highly perishable products under severe time constraints. The newspaper industry is becoming very competitive with the national players competing with the regional players. Newspaper is a perishable commodity and in order to cater to needs of the customer in various geographical locations , a newspaper has to publish from various locations. This helps in achieving a strat egic fit between the supply chain and customer needs. The consumers are primarily looking for a national newspaper giving regional news as well. Consumers also demand faster response because of the perishable nature of the product. In order to economize on the costs of the supply chain, t he newspaper needs to have regional publication units with both national and region al news varieties in the same newspaper. 13[Type text] As has been shown by various studies, newspaper readers do not want to spend mor e on reading a newspaper. Thus an economy of scale is very important factor for a newspaper. Newspaper should achieve a critical mass of customers to achieve economies of scale. The main drivers of supply chain are inventory, transportati on facilities, and information. Newspapers are very important in many ways. They give us lots of information about various matters at various levels that are available anywhere. Though magazines and books also give lots of information, the scope of the news there is limited to a few selected topics. Television and internet connections w hile provide news faster than the newspapers, it cannot have the width, breadth and d epth of the newspapers and do not provide the comfort of the repeated references at o ur leisure and comfort apart from harming our eyes because of the glare and being t he source of health hazards because of radiations. 2.3 International Newspapers There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized as international newspapers. Some, such as Christian Science Monitor and The

International Herald Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repac kaged national newspapers or international editions of national-scale or large metropoli tan newspapers. Often these international editions are scaled down to remove article s that might not interest the wider range of readers. As English has become the international language of business and technology, many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions. In place as varied as Jerusalem and Bombay (Mumbai), newspapers are printed to a local and international English-speaking public. The advent of the Internet has also allowed the non-English newspapers t o put out a scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach. 14[Type text] Features of a newspaper may include: Editorial opinions Comics strips and other entertainment, such as Crosswords, Sudoku and Horoscopes weather news and forecasts Advice, gossip, food and other columns Critical reviews of movies, plays, restaurants, etc. Classified ads While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialists still are some weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant, or the local gay community. 2.4 NEWS PAPER BUSINESS IN KERALA Kerala has a rate of newspaper readership that is among the highest in the world. In Kerala, there are approximately 1576 newspapers in circulation! Among these, only a few newspapers are widely circulated with a good number of readers . 2.5 LEADING MALAYALAM NEWSPAPERS Malayala Manorama: First appeared on 14th March 1890, as a weekly, currently has a readership of over 15 million, with a circulation base of over 7.4 million copies.Manorama is Kerala's largest selling and most widely read newspaper. Mathrubhumi: The first copy of Mathrubhumi went to press on 18th of March 1923. Mathrubhumi today is the second most circulated newspaper in Kerala. It is publi shed from Calicut, Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Kannur, 15[Type text] Palakkad, Malappuram and Kollam besides from Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi It has a circulation of over 13 lakhs and its readership is around 75 lakhs. Des habhimani: A Malayalam newspaper run by Communist Party of India (Marxist). Started as a weekly in 1942 and converted to a daily in 1946. Deshabhimani now has six different editions: Kozhikode, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kannur, Kottayam and Trichur. Kerala Kaumudi: A popular Malayalam newspaper, founded in 1911. Published from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kannur in Kerala and Bangalore, Kerala Kaumudi is the fourth most circulated Malayalam daily. The pap er has online editions in Malayalam and English that are updated twice daily. Deepika:

One of the oldest newspapers published in India. The first issue came out on 1887 April 15. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissu r, Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode Other dailies in circulation include Madhyamam, Thejas Mangalam, Janayugam, Varthamanam, Chandrika, Janmabhumi, Sirajdaily, and Grihasree. 16[Type text] Company Profile Kerala Kaumudi, the fastest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman, a man of letters and a teacher. He was also a reversed intellectual, social reformist and a true revolutionary in both letter and sprit. Under his inspiring leadership, Kerala Kaumudi has set high standards in journalism. Kerala Kaumudi shot into limelight following the Quit India Movement . The term Kaumudi implies moonlight that blossoms the water lily. In other words, Kerala Kaumudi enlightens the entire keralites. Truly speaking, Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Shri K Sukumaran became the embodiment of Kaumudi-the full moon in enlightening the masses in the moon balanced green of Kerala. This is an apt interpretation of Kerala Kaumudi. Because of its fearless unbiased editorials and relentless dedication, the term Kerala Kaumudi becomes immortal and permanently etched in the minds of common man. And it is precisely these qualities that prompted the nation to con fer on the founder Editor P Sukumaran, one of its highest civilian honours, the prestig ious Padmabhushan. The Kerala Kaumudi legacy has been its constant pursuit for truth and unparalleled excellence in Journalism. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the state and the country with ed itions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur, Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Now Kerala Kaumudi is celebrating its 99 years of publicati on Pioneer 17[Type text] Kerala Kaumudi is the first newspaper to introduce Investigative Journalism under the dynamic leadership of its Founder-editor, Padmabhushan K Sukumaran. It was the first among the newspapers in Kerala to introduce new technologies like photo type setting, cable transmission and computerized accounting. It was also one among the first few news papers to launch an internet edition. CORPORATE OFFICE The registered office of the company named Kaumudi Buildings is located at Pettah , a developed part in Thiruvananthapuram city. It is the place where the administration of the company is being carried out. 3.1 VISION AND MISSION Shri C V Kunjuraman started Kerala Kaumudi as a weekly in 1911 with a vision to spread over the principles of Sreenarayana Guru. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of

society with its Forth right news and fearless views. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY 1. To carry on business of proprietors and publishers of news paper, journals, magazines, periodicals, books and pamphlets and other literary works and undertakings. 2. To understand and execute any trusts or to act as trustees or to do any other such act as may seen desirable or beneficial whether with or without consideration. 3. To establish, maintain and promote any agency or branch offices of the compan y in India or elsewhere and to regulate the same or discontinue the same. 4. To promote any other company or companies for the purpose of acquiring any privilege, concession, property or assets of any person, firm or undertakings or other rights and liabilities of such other company or companies or concerns or 18[Type text] business as the case may be as conductive to or beneficial for the purpose of th e company. 3.3 CIRCULATION AND READERSHIP Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash around 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships. 3.4 SHARE CAPITAL The authorized capital of the Company is Rs 30,00,000 (Thirty Lakhs) divided into 3000 Equity shares of Rs.1000 each. Shares shall be under the control of t he Directors who may issue, allot or dispose of same to such persons and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as they may think fit. The company may form time to time by ordinary resolution increase its share capital by such amount as it thinks expedient by issuing new shares of such amou nts as it thinks fit. 3.5 GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY The Kerala Kaumudi has been working in profit ever since in its establishment. Profits are essential for the survival of the business. They co ver the risks and cost of staying in business. Profits maintain the revenue generating c apacity of the business. 3.6 RAW MATERIALS Materials constitute a significant part of cost of products. The important raw materials needed for the company are 1. News print 2. Ink 3. Plate 19[Type text] News print is allocated based on requirements of newspaper by Registrar of News papers of India, New Delhi and supplied mainly by STC of India. The STC supplies the imported news print Canadian, Russian etc. 3.7 SISTER CONCERNS 1. Kalakaumudi Printers and Publications 2. Ravi Printers and Publications Pvt Ltd 3. Kaumudi Investment Pvt Ltd 3.8 COMPETITORS TO KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Malayala Manorama 2. Mathrubhumi 3. Deshabhimani 4. Mangalam 5. Deepika 3.9 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COMPANY

The specialty of Kerala Kaumudi Products is that they are offered at fair prices , which is affordable to the common man. Their contribution towards the developme nt of local community life is a notable one and it is working in public interest. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd has brought many sensitive news like Palmoil case, SSLC question paper leak out etc. Kerala Kaumudi has been obsessed with truth over 96 years. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with Forth right news and fearless views. Stresses on credibility and unbiased reporting , which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. Kerala Kaumudi s crusading journalism has made a class of its own in the lives of Malayalees. The newspaper s constant effort to safeguard the policy of communal reservation in Kerala is a shinning example Kerala Kaumudi s strong commitment to the welfare of the state. Kerala Kaumudi is the mastermind behind innumerable sc oop 20[Type text] stories, which demolished the ivory towers of many unparallel icons of Kerala politics. 3.10 FUTURE PLANS OF THE COMPANY The company is planning to start two media channels from 2011, the 100 th anniversary year, namely kaumudi news channel and kaumudi entertainment channel which will be launched from February 2011 most probably. The company has many plans for its future. More editions are to be launched in near future as part of Kerala Kaumudi s ambitious plan to expand its coverage to more areas. The company wants to impart some new equipments and machineries for speedy and smooth production. The company needs more efficient technicians and to compete with others. The company wants to conduct training programmes for employees. The company wishes to provide more effective and efficient labor welfare facilities to its employees. It provides many employment opportunities. 3.11 PRODUCT PROFILE PRODUCTS OF KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Kerala Kaumudi publications 1. Kerala Kaumudi daily 2. Kerala Kaumudi Flash 3. Kerala Kaumudi weekly 4. Kerala Kaumudi Panchangam 5. Kerala Kaumudi Calendar 6. Kerala Kaumudi Onam special 7. Kerala Kaumudi Sabarimala Special 8. Career Directory 9. Sree Narayana Guru Directory 10. Magic Slate 21[Type text] 2. Kerala Kaumudi Communications Kerala Kaumudi Communications focuses on audio entertainment creations. The Kerala Kaumudi GEETH series compiles melodious mixes of old and new numbers sung by all-time favorite Malayalam singers. A group of musical experts careful ly select the combinations to ensure that each release is sensitized to suit the ta stes of a unique segment. 3. Kerala Kaumudi Events wing A team of eminent professional organizes, conducts, and concludes all kinds of promotional events with a touch of class. This wing also organizes variety of s hows,

shoots; arrange sponsors and broadcasts stage events on leading Malayalam channe ls worldwide. 4. Online publications Kerala Kaumudi leaped into internet 1997 in their business in online publication s are a natural growth into cyber age of Kerala Kaumudi. Kerala Kaumudi internet division or cyber studio has emerged as one of the leading web publishers of Ker ala. 24 hour data updation is done here. It is the chief source of information for NR Is from Kerala. Kaumudi sites growth and success spring from their conscious awareness o f the huge expatriate malayalee population and their abiding interest in their hom e land. 1. www.keralakaumudi.com {Malayalam Daily) 2. www.kaumudi.com (English Daily) 3. www.kaumudijalakam.com (bilingual news magazine) 4. www.sundaykaumudi.com (web tabloid). 5. www.kaumudiclassifieds.net 6. www.kaumudiusa.com (the newest addition to Kerala Kaumudi galaxy of websites)-bilingual multicultural site 22[Type text] Kaumudiusa.com is an exclusive bilingual North American Malayali targeted site, kaumudi jalakam, an innovative Malayalam net weekly and Kaumudi online, a net-only English daily, have proved to be big draws with expatriate keralites. CHART NO.1 Organization Chart of Kerala Kaumudi 23 Managing Director or Joint Managing Director Chairman/ Editor in Chief Board of Directors Chief General Manager Marketing director Corporate Administration Business Units Administration Corporate Heads Human Resource Management Production Head AGM (Marketing) Chief Manager (Finance & Accounts) Unit Chief Unit Manager Managing Editor Editorial Department Associate Editor Chief News Editor General Editor Chief Manager (Special Projects) General Manager Company secretary[Type text] The above organization chart provides a bird s eye-view of relationships between different departments or divisions of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. As far a s Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is concerned Chairman/ Managing Director is at the top of the Organization structure. Mr. M S Mani is the Chairman of the company. He als o

holds the position of the Chief Editor of the company. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is a private sector company which is registered under Indian Companies Act, 1913. At present board of directors includes Shri M S Man i, Shri M S Madhusoodhan, Shri M S Sreenivasan, and Shri M S Ravi. Shri M S Sreenivasan is the present M.D and Joint Managing Director of the Company. Chief General Manager, Company Secretary and Managing Editor are directly controlled by the Managing Director. Smt Anju Sreenivasan is the Chief General Manager. Shri Deepu Ravi is the Managing Editor of the company. The Editorial Department is under the control of Managing Editor. Corporate Administration and Business unit administration wings are controlled by General Manager, Shri M K Karthikeyan. Corporate Heads include the corporate department heads of Kerala Kaumudi. The functional departments are Human Resource Management, Production department, Marketing Department, Finance and Accounts Department and Special Projects. Assistant General Manager (Marketing) controls Space Marketing Department, New Product Marketing department and Debtors Collection Management Department. 4.1 ADMINISTRATION Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd carries out its functions and manages its affairs through the following managerial personnel. 1. Board of Directors and Managing Director 2. Company Secretary 3. Chief General Manager 4. General Manager and Functional Managers 24[Type text] 5. Unit Chiefs POWER OF DIRECTORS: 1. To appoint and at their discretion remove or suspend such managers, secretaries, officers, clerks, agents and servants for permanents, temporary or special services as they may from time to time think fit. 2. To appoint any person to accept and hold in trust for the company any property belonging to the company 3. To secure the fulfillment of any contract or engagements entered into by the company 4. To purchase or otherwise acquire for the company any property, rights or privileges which the company is authorized to acquire 5. To give receipts, releases and discharges on behalf of the company 6. To invest and deal with any moneys of the company not immediately required for the purpose of its business in such manner as they think fit. 7. To draw, accept, endorse and negotiate all such cheques, bills of exchange, drafts, promissory notes and government and other securities in connection with the business. 8. The vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors shall be filled up by the Board of Director who may fix the period for which such Director shall hold office Duties of General Manager 1. Leads the administration, marketing and circulation department. 2. Formulate a financial budget and planning in tune with the growth and stability of the organization. 3. Advise the top management on appropriate steps to be taken to make this a better organization so that each and every employee feels he is a valuable member in the organization and develop better a team concept for enabling him to contribute his best. 25[Type text] Functions of Company Secretary Company secretary is an officer of the company, who has certain responsibilities under the law and under any duties passed to him by the directors. The role of company secretary is administrative rather than managerial. The functions are.. 1. The company Secretary performs all duties that he is required to perform unde

r the Companies Act. 2. He supplies required data to the company s advocates in connection with legal matters. 3. He is directly accountable to Board of Directors. Functions of Unit Chief 1. Head of unit task force 2. Formulates the task force decisions 3. Coordinates the activities of each unit 26[Type text] 4.2 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Editorial department is considered as the nucleus of every newspaper company. This department plays a major role of collecting the news till printing . Teams of experts are working in this department. Each page of the newspaper is drafted by separate group of people. The selection of news, the headlines and th e way of presentation are all done by the journalists. The life stories of an individu al is always presented in an inverted pyramid i.e., beginning from their death till th eir time of birth and the main source of this information is a well equipped library. As name implies the reporters, general public and correspondents bring the news. The cop y desk handles the general news and local desk handles the local news. The news bureau gathers the news and the news desk edit and proof reads according to the style book. There is a deadline for each news. The headings are given by the editors. MOTTO OF KERALA KAUMUDI Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Company has an efficient news team. And its wide network is spread through out the country. It has 9 editions spreads over Kerala, Bangalore. The newspape r stresses on credibility and that is the only reason why Kaumudi is still a major player in the market. The Editorial Department is headed by the Chief Editor. Under him come Managing Editor, Executive Editor, Associate Editor, Deputy Editor and Chief New s Editor. Under them come the News Editors, Deputy News Editor, Chief Sub Editor, and Senior Sub Editors and Sub Editors. 27[Type text] CHART No.2 Structure of Editorial Department-daily 28 Chief Editor Managing Editor Executive Editor Associate Editor Chief News Editor Editorial Section Chief Sub Editor Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor Bureau Chief

Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer[Type text] 29[Type text] CHART NO.3 Structure of Editorial Wing - Flash 30 Managing Editor General Editor Editor in-charge Chief Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor[Type text] CHART NO.4 Structure of Editorial wing - Magazine 4.1 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Chief Editor Chief Editor controls the functions of the editing and reporting sections. Edito rial Policies of News paper are formulated by the Chief Editor. Executive Editor Executive editor is responsible for the execution of the policies formulated by the Chief Editor. He undertakes planning, administration and implementation of the policies in consultation with the Chief Editor. Associate Editor Associate Editor monitors both national and international news Chief News Editor 31 Managing Editor Sub editors Trainees [Type text] Works according to the policy of the management Gives orientation Gives suggestions for improvement to the Department Gives overall guidance News Editors News Editors edits general news / monitors television channels and internet. Sub editors Sub editors engage in news translation and editing activities 4.3 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The hierarchy of production department starts from editorial department. It wor ks in connection with DTP section and Circulation Department. Edited news from the editorial department reaches the DTP section through news editors. From DTP sec tion it is send to proof reading section then again to the DTP section then to the News Editor.

He decides the intensity of the matter and he sets news in different pages. The news editor also decides upon the different size of caption used for different news. After the page transfer is done. 32[Type text] CHART NO.5 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Electrical Section Electrical section deals with repairing all electrical equipments, maintena nce of motors in order to avoid any break down during production. It is the duty of el ectrical engineers and electricians to make sure the uninterrupted power supply in the de partment. Mechanical Section Mechanical wing deals with the repair maintenance, preventive maintenance and shut down maintenance for machines. For this minimum numbers of persons employe d. 33 Editorial department Production Head Mechanical section Electrical section Print production Mechanical engineer Asst. mechanical engineer Fitters Electrician in charge Asst. electrician Production manager Production superintendent Supervisors Foremen[Type text] They will try to solve any problem relating to the machines. Assistant Engineer assists the Mechanical Engineer for maintenance works. Fitters help the Assistant Engine er for doing maintenance work. They check and maintain the press in good condition. Print Production The basic function of production department in Kerala Kaumudi is printing newspapers. The printing of Kerala Kaumudi newspaper is undertaken by M/s. Ravi Printers and Publishers Private Limited. Printing is done in accordance with th e print order given to the foreman by the Circulation Department. Raw materials for prin ting are issued by the Materials Department. Printing of news paper is after 12.00a.m. P rinting of Flash begins at 11.45 and Magazine printing is on every Monday 3.00 p.m. The Print Production section mainly handles the following functions. Pasting Plate making Printing and Despatching RAW MATERIALS I. News print The size of newsprint is 70cm and 45 GSM (Gramage per square meter). As the GSM increases copies decreases and vice versa. The main supplier of newsprint Hindustan News print Ltd, Kottayam. Imported

deluxe quality news print are Supplied by Pondar Global Ltd, New Delhi. Low qual ity, recycled news print is supplied by V.G.Paper and Boards Ltd, Udumalpet, Sarvalek shmi 34[Type text] Paper and Boards Ltd, Coimbatore and Vishnupriya Papers, Chennai. These newspri nts are used for the printing of inner pages. II. Ink Two types of inks are used for printing. a. Black ink: Suppliers of black ink are Shalimar Inks and Chemicals, Aluva an d Orient Inks, Kozhikodu b. Colour Ink: Suppliers of colour ink are Galilia Chemicals, Cochin M.R. Industries, Calicut. High quality ink which is used for printing advertisement columns are supplied by Coats Ink, Kalyan Marketing, Cochin. III. Plates Aluminum Plates are of three types: long, medium and short run. Long run plates are used for producing main pages in all editions. From a short-run plate 10,000 to 15,000 copies can be printed. These plates are procured from the dealers of TECHNOVA, Standard Missionary Sales Company, Patoor, Thiruvananthapuram and dealers of NIR AJ, News Graphics, Kottayam. The imported plate dealers are TOPAZ. IV. Chemicals Chemicals consumed are developers, universal wash, fountain solution, remover an d plate cleaner, Chemicals for film development-developer and fixer. V. Graphic Art film Usually films produced by Kodak and Agfa are used. Kodak films are supplied by Trade Links Ltd, Cochin and Agfa films are supplied by Krishna Agencies, Cochin. VI. Laser printer films VII. Tracing paper 35[Type text] 4.4 PROCESS OF NEWS PRODUCTION Newspapers are usually printed on an off-white paper known as newsprint. Making of newspapers is called journalism. Much emphasis has been placed upon the accuracy and fairness of the journalist. The actual content of publications comes from two separate departments. The ads, whether they be what many refer to as "display" ads (the ones with the borders a round them) or "line" ads (the categorized listings of text ads usually found in the c lassified section) are sold and often produced by the Space Marketing Department. Everythi ng else--the news, features, columns, photos, and stock quotes--all of that comes f rom the editorial department and is referred to as "editorial content" or simply "editor ial". 1. SOURCES Agencies like PTI (Press Trust of India), UNI (United News India). Public Relations Department Political leaders Television/Internet Police Stations 2. REPORTING Reporting comprises a wide network and an efficient team of reporters. They repo

rt the news in an unbiased manner. The reporting section is headed by Bureau Chief. Und er him comes the Special Correspondents, Senior Photographers, Photographers, Chief Reporters, Senior Reporters, Reporters and the Trainees. The Bureau is co nnected to the desk of editing section. The company has 42 local Bureaus. 3. NEWS STORY 36[Type text] Usually, the stories will run down columns two-and-a-sixteenth inches wide, with an eighth-inch blank space between the columns. And since ads often appear on the s ame pages as the editorial content, although it would make sense that the column wid th that editorial uses always matches up with what advertising defines as a column, occa sionally there are exceptions. 4. EDITING This section comprises of various desks: Local desk, Main desk, Feature desk, Sp orts desk and International desk. Here the selection, editing of news, selection of photographers, page layout, and coordination is carried out. Functions of Various Desks v Local Desk Local desk edits all local news. The desk is headed by Chief Sub Editor, and und er him comes the Senior Subeditor, Subeditors and Trainees. v Main Desk Main desk edits all general news, political news, science news, national news et c. It is headed by the Chief main desk and under him comes the News Editor, Chief Editor, Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors and Trainees. v Feature Desk Feature desk edits the editorial page. It is headed by Resident Editor and under him comes Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors, and trainees. v Sports Desk Edits all sports news .It comprises of News Editor and Trainees. v International Desk 37[Type text] Edits all international news. Headed by Chief Sub Editor, under him comes Sub ed itor and Trainees. 4.5 DTP SECTION DTP is a part of the Editorial Department. DTP manager is the head of the DTP section. Pre press activities are under taken in this section. Adobe Page Maker 7.0 is the software used for pagination. The functions performed in the DTP section can be listed as follows: Firstly, the advertisement layout is setup with the requirements of advertisemen t coordinator by the operator. The remaining space on the newspaper is devoted for news. The data supplied from the desk is scanned and entered into the computers by the operators. Advertisement in the PDF format from the agencies and the photographers are entered into computers through scanners. CHART NO.6 Activities of DTP Section

38 Editorial Composing Proof section Page Layout Laser Print/ film Film pasting Plate making[Type text] Composing In DTP section, data entry of the matter handed over by the editorial section is undertaken. All the input materials such as photographic reflections, originals , nonphotographic pictures are converted into digital files and resized as per r equirement. Transmission Section transfers General pages to all editions through ISDN broadb and lines. Almost eighteen staffs are working in this section in 4 rotating shifts. Proof Section A miniature printout of A4 size will be send to editorial proof and advertisemen t proof section. Corrections are carried out after proof reading by the operators. Layout Then each page is made by the concerned desk chiefs with the support of operators. Matter is sorted again and page order is checked. Layout sheets are marked with vertical lines that correspond to the column widths of your publication, as well as horizontal markers that correspond to the units your newspaper uses to measure t he height of the ad, usually inches or centimeters. Laser Print Output Black and white pages are printing in laser printer. Image Setting The matter pages containing four colours i.e. the primary colors, cyan, magenta, yellow and black composed in PageMaker are converted to Post script files or pd f format using Torrent v6.0 SP3 software. These files are transferred to Graphic Art fil ms using an imported Image setter machine, Scantext Othello . These graphic art films are processed in the machine Image Line . After taking final full sized printout of ea ch page on LP/ film, these will be handed over to the Production department. 39[Type text] Stripping Color negatives are stripped together for each page. A blue-line print is made from stripped-up negatives and is used to check image position before printing. Pasting The prints are pasted on the astronel sheet. Plate making The plate is produced by a photo chemical procedure. The astronel sheet is placed on an Aluminum sheet with a chemical coating and vacuum is applied on it. After this process it is exposed to an u.v .light of 3000 W for 85 seconds. When the p lates are exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs that allows an ink-receptive coatin g to be activated. This results in the transfer of the image from the negative to the pl ate. Each of

the primary colors -- black, cyan (blue), magenta (red), and yellow -- has a sep arate plate. The light passes through the non-image area and it is developed by using a devel oper. Then gum is applied on the plate to avoid oxidation. The next step after plate m aking is the printing. Printing Offset lithography is the workhorse of printing. Almost every commercial printer does it. The paper is fed through the press as one continuous stream pulled from rolls of paper. Each roll can weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (1 ton) Web presses print at very high speeds and use very large sheets of paper. Even when a 1-ton roll of paper runs out, the presses do not stop rolling. The press has to maintain a constant balance be tween the force required to move the paper forward and the amount of backpressure (resista nce) that allows the paper to remain tight and flat while traveling through the equip ment. 40[Type text] Offset process Ink and water do not mix -- this is the underlying principle of offset lithograp hy. The ink is distributed to the plates through a series of rollers. On the press, the plates are dampened, first by water rollers, then by ink rollers. The rollers distribute th e ink from the ink fountain onto the plates. The image area of the plate picks up ink from the ink rollers. The water rollers keep the ink off of the non-image areas of the plate. Each plate then transfers its image to a rubber blanket that in turn transfers the image to the paper. This process is shown in the following figure. The plate itself does not actuall y touch the paper -- thus the term "offset" lithography. All of this occurs at an extremely high speed. The quality of the final product is often due to the guidance, expertise and equipment provided by the printer. Print quality is checked frequently by the pr ess operator. Bindery The bindery is where the printed product is completed. The huge rolls of nowprin ted paper are cut and put together so that the pages fall in the correct order. These printed news papers are manually collected, counted and packed into bundles as p er the requirement of the agents and attaches a slip containing number, number of news papers enclosed etc. Dispatching These bundles are sent through different routes to various destinations or dropping points. Just before reaching the ultimate consumers or readers, the ne wspaper bundles are collected by the concerned agents at the dropping points. They in t urn take the newspaper to the readers. 41[Type text]

4.6 SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT Marketing department deals with the space marketing of classified advertisements and display of its publications. Advertisements have been a major source of revenue for the newspapers and periodicals. Most newspapers make nearly all their money from advertising. The portion of the newspaper that is not advertising is called edi torial content. Every ad the Company sell will need to conform to the column widths of the newspaper. The width of every newspaper page can be broken down into columns of equal size. How wide a column can be seen by looking at how the editorial copy f lows on a page. Usually in the case of news paper 60% of space in it is meant for news a nd 40% of space is meant for advertisement. FUNCTIONS Planning, analyzing and implementation of advertising activities. Monitoring advertisement collection activities. Coordinating the activities relate with publication of regular and periodical supplements. Coordinating the activities of the field executives both inside and outside Kera la. Research and development activities to update with changes in the industry. Arranging periodical get together of advertisement agencies and regular clients. Conducting periodical training programs for Marketing Executives. 42[Type text] CHART NO.7 STRUCTURE OF SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT- Flash & Morning Daily 43 Hari Debtors Mgmt Asst Manager Receivables team Assistant General Manager Manager Corporate Operations Manager Debtors Mgmt Manager Flash Corporate Asst Manager Corporate Commn. AAM DTP Office Asst.Cross Checking Office Asst.Voucher Billing Dispatch RM South RM North RM Central A/c s Executive Bill wise Posting A/c s Officer Billing AM Weekly Unit Advertisement Managers Marketing Executives Customer care executives Proof Reader 1 Proof Reader 2 Proof Reader 3 DTP Staff 2 DTP Staff 1[Type text] DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Assistant General Manager

 AGM is directly accountable to GM. AGM is the head of Space Marketing Department & Product Marketing Department Plans, analyses and implement the entire activities in these departments. Member of corporate task force. Coordinates the entire department. Manager Corporate Operations Weekly and monthly evaluation of all units advt head. Coordinating the Billing Activities of all units. Settlement of requirements of all unit advt departments Involved in the work of corporate advt materials like rate cards proposals etc. Unit wise communications Dealing with corporate clients and agencies Asst. Manager daily Looks after all the activities connecting to advt. dept Controls the space marketing activities of Trivandrum unit (billing, collection and office administration) Planning meetings, Follow-up units of customer along with executives, Monitoring the executives , Collection monitoring, Bureau monitoring, 44 Hari[Type text] Conducting evaluation meeting on daily basis Asst. Advertisement Manager DTP Act as liaison between DTP and Advertisement Ensuring of scheduled ads to be carried in daily basis Ensuring timely settlement of ad matters to be present in Daily Coordinating the entire activity for ad placing in Daily Customer care executives: handle the clients and explain the schemes and service s to them. Office Asst: carries out the cross verification of advertisements before dispatc h, bills the advertisements as per the prescribed rates (see appendix) and sends these to the clients. Sources of Advertisements 1. Marketing Executives 2. Government Organization 3. Stringers 4. Advertising Agencies Types of advertisements in Kerala Kaumudi 1. Classified Advertisements: Classified advertisements will be shown in one line or three like accommodation wanted or available, change of name, thanks giving etc. 2. Matrimonial Advertisements: It is a kind of classified advertisement. Ads lik e bride, groom wanted etc are matrimonial advertisements. 45[Type text] 3. Ear panel Advertisement: The advertisement is shown on the top position in the front page on the left or both sides. This is an important source of income for the newspaper. 4. Display Advertisement: Display advertisement will be shown with in a box on any page of the news paper. The advertisement is usually given in two or more lines or quarter page or half page or full page .This is also a high income sour ce for the daily.

Special Position Advertisement 1. Solus advertisement In the case of solus advertisement only particular advertisement is shown on the front page and all other advertisements are avoided. For this advertisement, the customer has to pay a high charge for covering opportunity cost. 2. Strip advertisement In the lower half of the front page there is only one advertisement is allo wed. Here also the advertiser compensates the opportunity cost. 4.7 PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT The Product Marketing Department takes care of everything after the newspaper is printed. This department is responsible for encouraging people to start or keep reading the publication Kerala Kaumudi is having fourth position in circulation. The fir st, second 46[Type text] and third positions are held by Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi and Deshabhimani. Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash aroun d 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships Product Marketing Department is concerned with promoting the news paper there by increasing its circulation. It is a source of revenue for the newspaper. It is mainly concerned with distribution and collection of amounts from the agents. FUNCTIONS Strengthening agency network Boost up circulation Creating awareness Increase in demand Supply Market research Product Improvement CHART NO. 8 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT- FLASH & DAILY 47 Asst General Manager Chief Circulation Manager Corporate Operations Manager Corporate Operations Manager Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives Daily FLAS H Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives[Type text] Chief Circulation Manger is the head of Circulation department both for Morning daily and Flash. He is directly accountable to AGM. He plans and implements the circulation strategies for daily and flash. He identifies the weak areas of cir culation and formulates competitive promotional techniques.

Managers Corporate Operations of daily and flash coordinates directs and controls the circulation activities of all the three zones viz: North, mid and s outh. Circulation Manager checks the circulation figures. He should coordinate Assistant circulation managers of all units. Morning daily and Flash Circulation Manager is assisted by Assistant Circulation Manager of all units. Under them come the S ales officer, Field Inspector, Promoters and Agents. The Assistant Manager is directl y accountable to the circulation manager. His main duties are Collection of cash f rom agents using field promoters. Circulation inspector inspects the promoters and enhances the circulation activi ty. Promoters canvas the potential buyers. They resolve agents issue; collect from agents and resolves issue between agents and subscribers. Price of Kerala Kaumudi Dailies Morning daily: Price is Rs.4.00 and on Sundays the price is Rs.4.50 48[Type text] Flash: Price is Rs.3 Schemes for subscription 5 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.7272, Amount to pay is Rs.6500, Saving is Rs. 772 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calen dar for 5years 3 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs. 4363. Customer has to pay Rs.3900 only and he can save Rs. 463. Including free gifts-onam special panchang am and calendar for 3years 2 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.2909 Amount to pay is Rs.2650, Saving is Rs. 259 Including free gifts-onam special panchangam and cale ndar for 2years 1 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.1454 Amount to pay is Rs.1350 Saving is Rs. 104 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calend ar for 1year Publishers of commercial news papers strive for higher circulation so that advertising in their newspaper becomes more effective allowing the newspaper to attract more advertisers and to charge more for the service. BUSINESS BENEFIT SCHEME 49[Type text] As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.3695 Amount to pay is Rs.2000 Saving is Rs. 1695 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calendar for 1year. In addition to 1 year subscription business firms will also get 5x2/10x1 size black & white split edition free display advertisement. KAUMUDI CENTENARY SBS CENTENARY SBS- 1 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 5016 the amount to be paid is 2500/- savings is Rs 2516. It includes 1year newspaper 1year weekly and 5x2 cm c olour

free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS- 3 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 8549/- the amount to be pa id is 5500/- savings is Rs 3049. It includes 3years newspaper 3years weekly and 5x2 cm colour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS-5 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs12082 the amount to be paid is 8250/- savings is Rs 3832/- It includes 5years newspaper 5years weekly and 5x2 c m colour free display advertisement. 4.8 DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Debtors Management Department is a part of Marketing Department. The main purpo se of this department is to Streamline and make the debt collection activities effi cient. This department works in connection with the Space Marketing Department and Product Marketing Department 50[Type text] CHART NO. 9. STRUCTURE OF DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPT. FUNCTIONS 1. Know the customer (before and during relationship) Credit check and monitor 51 Product Marketing Dept Space Marketing Dept Assistant General Manager Debtor manager Asst. Manager Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Collection executives Collection executives[Type text] Request additional financial information from customer Gain intelligence from others in the sector about the customer s payment record. 2. Define credit limit setting process Use criteria to determine whether to grant credit to a customer formalize a procedure to establish customer credit limits. Also put in place a periodic rev iew procedure. Once a credit limit is established only increase limit for a customer by followi ng the same formal procedure as when the limit was established in the first place. 3. Synchronize the actions and attitudes of the sales and credit control teams. Maintain a common policy within the company when dealing with debtors 4. Consider other forms of security or credit insurance Using financial instrume nts to get paid, Inland Letters of Credit/Bills of Exchange. 5. Ensure the production of timely and accurate management information. Understand what is happening in our Business Environment

 Monthly management of figures to include aged debtor listings and weekly, monthly review of overdue debtors 6. Assertive debt collection policy Formalize a graduated sequence of letters/telephone calls 4.9 FINANCE DEPARTMENT Finance department controls the overall transactions of the company. Kerala Kaumudi has 11 editions spread over Kerala, Bangalore, Mumbai and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi has a centralized accounting system. All these units have to generate t heir own funds through circulation, advertisement and other sources. The generated funds are deposited to their respective bank account (Federal Bank) because the units have no 52[Type text] authority to utilize these funds. Cheque sanctioning process is carried out at c orporate office at Thiruvananthapuram with the approval and signature of MD & Director CHART NO.10 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE/ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT 53 Finance Manager Accounts Manager/Officer Corporate Accounts Head Flash Morning daily Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Assistant Clerks Flash Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) A/c Supervisor General A/c (Corporate) Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate )) Head of Finance/Account Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Accounts Assistant Clerks A/c Supervisor General A/c All units Morning daily

Accounts Asst. Clerks Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Asst. Clerks Accounts Asst. Clerks[Type text] FUNCTIONS In every month, the corporate office will sanction Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 20,000 in advance as an imprest to all units for meeting their day-to-day expenses. At the end of the month each unit will be sending their petty vouchers to corporate office for ava iling credit to their imprest account. COST CONTROL Kerala Kaumudi is following different cost control measures. Cost control aims a t reducing inefficiencies and wastage and setting up pre determined cost and in ac hieving them. Cost control is comparing of actual performance with the standards or targ ets and taking corrective action if any deviation is occurred. BUDGETS Kerala Kaumudi is following flexible budget. Flexible budget is one which is designed to change in accordance with the level of activity actually attained. I t provides 54[Type text] budgeted cost at different levels of activities. It is prepared after making an intelligent classification of all expense between fixed, semi variable and variable because the usefulness of such a budget depends upon the accuracy with which the expenses ca n be classified. In Kerala Kaumudi most of the accounting and technical matters are such as inventory control, production planning and control through linear programming, p ay roll accounting, sales accounting, budgetary control and standard costing are compute rized. DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES FINANCE MANAGER Member of corporate task force. Accountable to GM. To give overall guidance to the functioning of the department. To maintain the finance information system like Financial Analysis, Profit and loss account analysis, Cash flow analysis, Inventory management, Budget preparation and Project evaluation. ACCOUNTS MANAGER To coordinate all functions of Accounts department. To supervise maintenance of cash books, ledger, journal etc. To fulfill statutory requirements like TDS return filing, Advance tax payments, Sales tax return filing, Fringe benefits tax, RNI return filing HEAD OF THE FINANCE /ACCOUNTS ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION To perform the functions and duties of unit chief in the absence of unit chief.

 To exercise the role of chief executive officer of a unit, next to unit chief. 55[Type text] EXECUTIVE FUNCTION To advice the unit chief unit manager and task force in financial matters. To forecast and estimate the financial requirements of units and to formulate sh ort term and long term plans, budgets, targets, standards etc. To meet the financial requirements in time, raise funds from appropriate outside sources and schedule the repayment. To prepare monthly profit & loss A/c and to compare the actual with the financia l plans/target and to take control measures. To monitor the collection of debts to ensure 100% collection. To ensure optimum use of resources to reduce cost of production. To perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the corporate finance head/top management. INCIDENTAL FINANCE FUNCTION Supervision of cash receipts and disbursement. Proper custody and safeguarding important and valuable papers. Record keeping and reporting. Cash management and credit management. Assist internal auditors/inspectors assigned by CTF members/corporate finance head. Verify documentary evidence in support of a transaction. Exercise reasonable care and skill performing duties. Disclose full and fair information to the UTF and CTF. Awareness of financial position as on date. To ensure proper sequence of work to detect errors and frauds. 56[Type text] Attend training and learning programmes and keep up to date in the area of accountancy, finance and general business conditions. ACCOUNTS ASSISTANT Undertake various reconciliation works. Ledger scrutiny on monthly basis. Preparation of monthly Profit & loss A/cs CIRCULATION ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Monitoring billing and collection activities. Sanctioning of credit adjustments. Monthly closing of ledgers. Preparation of agents control accounts. ADVERTISEMENT ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Book adjustments entry Monitoring billing and payment activities. Prepare MRV (Monthly Return Verification) statement. CLERKS Voucher entry preparation Filing vouchers and its cross verification Preparation of receipts Prepare all working papers and notes made. Dispatch of bills 4.10 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 57[Type text] The management of Man is a very important and challenging job; important because it is job, not of managing men , but of administering a social system. Human Resource Management involves procedures and practices through which human resources are organized and directed towards the attainment of the individual, social and orga nizational goals. Policy of HR Department

The policy of HR Department is to render effective administrative support to the organization both at corporate level and unit level in a systematic and scientif ic manner with special emphasis on human resource development and training with the laid d own quality policy of the organization. CHART NO.11 Structure of HR Department 58 General Manager Human Resource Manager Executive (HR) Front Office Executive Office Assistants Drivers Telephone Operators Security Officer Clerk/Typist House Keeping Canteen Dispatch Supervisor[Type text] Functions HR manger is responsible for the management of the employees of both Kerala Kaum udi and Ravi Printers and publishers. The main functions of HR department include: Employment and placement Recruitment, selection and placement as per the manpower requirements of the company are the most important functions of HR Dept. Training It is the responsibility of HR Department to impart Training and development to employees both at corporate and Units whenever required. The training programme s for employees include induction, on the job training for non managerial staffs, off the job training for managerial staffs. Wage and salary administration Compensation to employees is fixed as per the Wage rates fixed by the wage board s. 1. Proper allocation of work 2. Developing and maintaining motivation for work Performance appraisal 59[Type text] Employee health, safety and welfare services Kerala Kaumudi has a hazard free working environment. No accident has been repo rted in the past years. The welfare schemes include both Statutory and Non statutory schemes. Statutory welfare schemes consists ESI, PF, EDLI, Profession tax and labor welfa re fund. Non Statutory schemes includes Canteen facility (subsidized rate), Vehicle allow ance, LTA (leave travel allowance), Kerala Kaumudi recreation club, Kerala Kaumudi employee s cooperative society, Kerala Kaumudi employee s welfare forum, Mobile allowance, Conveyance allowance, Medical allowance and City compensatory allowan ce. I. Administering employee turnover and conducting exit interviews Employee turn over rate in the previous year was 7%. In some cases exit intervie ws are conducted.

II. Industry relations Maintenance of healthy and peaceful labor-management relations is the responsibi lity of the HR Dept. This includes grievance handling, maintenance of discipline etc. III. Trade Union The existing trade union in the company is AITUC. Trade union is given managemen t participation mainly in the areas of recruitment, termination, employee linked i nsurance etc. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 60[Type text] HR Manager is responsible for the overall administration of front office, House Keeping, Drivers, Dispatch, Telephone operators and security officers ? Front Office Executive attends visitors and informs the concerned person. She keeps attendance register of head office staff. ? House Keeping staffs are responsible for the good maintenance of office ? Dispatch section staffs are assigned to send courier from the corporate office and prompt maintenance of dispatch register. 61[Type text] 4.11 SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Kerala Kaumudi started to implement computerization from 1998 onwards. Since 200 6 they have been developing their own ERP (Enterprises Resource Planning) package. System Department handles maintenance of hardware and development and maintenanc e Software. As a part of boosting the implementation of MIS, the works on developi ng systems technologies is improving. CHART NO.12 Structure of system department Duties & Responsibilities System Engineer He is directly accountable to GM. Network administration. System assembling. Maintenance of network connectivity and data communication. System engineer Asst. System Engineer Programmer Hardware System executives 62[Type text] Hardware & system software maintenance. Asst. System Engineer Developing, testing and implementing required application package. Trouble shooting and upgrading installed application packages. Provide training to staffs on the newly installing packages. The recent achievements of systems departments include: Decentralized work Fast collection and payment of bills Fast and comprehensive generation of MIS reports as per the requirements of top management. The computer network system of Kerala Kaumudi includes around 100 machines and 3 servers. One server is for newspaper and for flash, one is for all period icals and other one is for software. The operating system used in servers is Linux and in client

system is Windows. Since 2006 system department has been engaging in the development of in house ERP package (in Visual Basic) which is named as PRESS SOFT. The customization of circulation module has already completed. The works on the customization of advertisement, accounting, inventory and HR are in progress . 63[Type text] 5.1 PEST ANALYSIS A scan of the external macro environment in which the firm operates can be expre ssed in terms of the following factors: 1. Political 2. Economic 3. Social 4. Technological 5. Legal 6. Environmental The acronym PESTLE is used to describe a framework for the analysis of these mac ro environmental factors. A PESTLE analysis fits into an overall environmental scan . I. Political factors Political factors include Government regulations and legal issues and definite b oth formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. Some examples include: Tax policy The company is liable to all taxes imposed by Government and to the Kerala VAT. It is a source of income for our Govt. Employee Laws Environment regulations Trade restrictions and tariffs Political stability 64[Type text] Political factors won t affect media much. Kerala Kaumudi is not facing any proble ms related to political factors. II. Economic factors Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firm s cost of capital. The following are example of factors in the macro economy: Economic growth Interest rates Exchange rates Inflation rate Media is the only firm which will not get affected by any recession, global fina ncial crisis etc. It was not hit by recession III. Social factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macr o environment. These factors affect customer s needs and the size of potential marke ts. Some social factors include: Health consciousness Population growth Age distribution Career attitudes Emphasis on safety The company is trying to focus on the Ezhava Community and urging them to become

a loyal customer 65[Type text] IV. Technological factors Some technological factors include: R&D activity Automation Technology incentives Kerala Kaumudi doesn t have a R&D department. The company has to bring in more efforts to technological updation in order to withstand the tight competition V. Legal Factors The company is registered under the companies Act and complies with all rules an d legal regulations as laid down by the statutes. VI. Environmental Factors The company has no environmental problems as it doesn t produce any hazardous wast es. 5.2 Porter s Five Forces Model The PORTER S models are: Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Competitive Rivalry between existing players Porter s model is one of the structured ways in which the i ndustry environment is analyzed. He says that the stronger each of these forces is, the more 66[Type text] difficult it will be for the company to raise prices and make more profits. A st rong force is equivalent to a threat; a weak force is equivalent to an opportunity. It is u pto the operations strategy formulators to recognize the opportunities and the threats a s they arise and design an appropriate strategic response from the operations function. As it is a dynamic world, the strength of each of the competitive forces can change over ti me due to factors external to (ie, beyond the control) of the company. The force of bar gaining power of suppliers can be lessened by removing the bargaining bit. This is done by means of single sourcing and by placing tremendous emphasis upon vendor development. The threat of substitute products can be minimized by providing a variety in the fir st place. This requires an appropriate manufacturing strategic response through a cost con scious yet flexible system of manufacturing. The risk of entry of potential competitors can be reduced through making / providing a quality product or service as the customer desires at an affordable price. Also a wider range of product variety and timely service s could be provided. Bargaining power of buyers can be reduced through building long standi ng relationships between the two companies, through an atmosphere of transparency a nd through a dedicated service orientation. Operations strategy and consequent acti on can be

built around these organizational necessities. CHART NO.13 RISK OF ENTRY BY POTENTIAL COMPETITORS BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS rivalry among established firms 67[Type text] 5.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF KERALA KAUMUDI In SWOT analysis, Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. \STRENGTH Credibility of news and unbiased reporting style Good reputation Financial stability Approach of investigative journalism Units spread all over Kerala with adequate printing facilities Able, dedicated and specialized workforce. Good Brand image Group harmony WEAKNESSES Falling circulation lead Administration lacks a professional touch. Lacks a strong mission and fails to establish time bound goals for each departme nt clearly. Absence of some core departments like R&D and Advertisement threat of substitute products 68[Type text] Absence of effective sales promotion and advertisement strategies. Narrow product line. Weak societal marketing. Resistance to change. Lacks anticipative marketing. OPPORTUNITES Untapped market segments like children, unemployed youth, teenage, job seekers, farmers, Children etc. A potential market of literate but unsubscribed to any newspaper. Diversification of business into TV channels and mobile portals. Print outsourcing. THREATS Fast changing printing technology Competitor s strong sales and marketing strategies. Fast growing Cable and satellite TV Penetration of Internet media, with no restriction of subscription charges. Unstable newsprint cost. Fast changing life style of people 69[Type text] 6.1 FINDINGS 1. Though the company is facing tough competition, comparing to its production

facilities of all units and its strong public image, it has more scope in the ma rket. Company has to frame more Marketing and sales promotion strategies. 2. Comparing to competitor s products Kerala Kaumudi s coverage of national, international, business and sports news is less. 3. The company is facing a tough competition. Its main publication, daily newspaper s position in the market is fluctuating. Till 2005, it was the third largest circulated daily. In 2006, the position came down to fourth, and from 2007 it is continuing in fifth position. Financial statements from 2001-08 shows that, Comparing to previous years newspaper revenue has declined. Flash continues as No.1 mid day daily in the market. 4. Each department performs their routine work well, but these department s activities are not well coordinated to a time bound mission. 5. Company lacks a good R &D department 6. Circulation Department has limited subscription plans. 7. For print production, chemicals have been used to remove the non-image emulsion, but now plates are available that do not require chemical processing. 8. HR department is maintaining good industrial relations. HR dept needs more systematic approaches to make its main functions viz. recruitment & selection, performance management, and training procedures more efficient. 9. Editorial Department lacks adequate automation and modernization. Space Marketing Department requires more office equipments and communication facilities. 70[Type text] 6.2 SUGGESTIONS 1. When the daily s circulation lead is falling, it is the time to analyze where t he marketing efforts has failed. To establish circulation lead, more innovative and analytic approach is needed. Implementation of strategies like TQM will improve the quality of the organization s processes, products, services through continuous improvement in all senses. 2. Increase the coverage of news. More national, international, business and spo rts news must be included. Increase the number of pages through value added news but without any increase in product price. The additional cost would be compensated by operational efficiency and increase in the ratio of advertisement to editorial. 3. Company has to frame more Market Communication Strategies. More market penetration strategies are also to be framed. Give advertisements in media havin g highest reach to the target market. The effectiveness of advertisement must be conducted periodically. 4. I suggest implementing Management by Objectives (MBO) as absence of clear cut objectives leaves unclear standards by which to evaluate the individual as well as organizational achievements. Establish challenging yet realistic goals in accord ance with the overall company mission. All departments are to translate it into time bound goals and to implement it. 5. I suggest introducing two designations: R&D Manager and Manager responsible f or the overall planning and implementation of marketing communication of Kerala Kaumudi products. An efficient research and development team which consists of all department heads and unit managers must be coordinated under the guidance of R&D Manager. Future plan must be chalked out through brain storming sessions. 71[Type text] Research, develop and launch innovative and value added products quickly and within the budget and through operational efficiency.

6. In addition to the existing subscription plans, introduce short-term and flex ible subscription plans. 7. Establish and maintain circulation lead by satisfying customer needs better th an the competitors through value added products - that would be the motto of product marketing department. 8. The company needs an anticipative marketing approach. Ensure and encourage participation of all members in distribution channel in the framing and implementation of marketing plans. 9. Kerala Kaumudi has to go at a fast pace towards the implementation of modern production technologies. Now plates are available that do not require chemical processing The development of the digital plate setter in the late twentieth cen tury eliminated film negatives altogether by exposing printing plates directly from d igital input, a process known as computer to plate printing. 10. HR department must encourage and develop an organization culture where innov ative ideas are freely exchanged. 11. Company is admitting project works of professional students from reputed universities. Admit and coordinate these studies in a fruitful manner. Admissio ns should be on the basis of analysis of resume and interview. 72[Type text] 6.3 CONCLUSION India s experienced and diverse press is in robust growth mode. We must ensure that it preserves its elements, its values and its soul. Media has a strong role in nationbuilding. Today s communication is more complex. Competitors are coming up with more products and increased sales promotion strategies. Customer s tastes and preference, life style and quality of life are changing. As the digital tide gat hers strength, it is remarkable that the press in print continues to be the media of preference for the majority of readers who want to remain informed. What makes newspaper different from other media is that presents news in more analytical manner. It can influence an d change people s lives and their societies. As far as print media is concerned, circulation is mostly considered as the yard stick of victory. People would always want news, but it should be packaged well accordin g to the changing needs of the society. Newspapers have to address all sections of the r eadership to stay in the business. In a literate state like Kerala, there is more room fo r the newspaper companies to grow, as the rural areas are largely untapped. Kerala Kau mudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and f earless views. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrodden masses in the society. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. To compete with fast emerging TV channels and internet journalism and with the competitor s strong sales and promotion strategies, Kerala Kaumudi has to come up with new plans and strategies. 73[Type text]

74[Type text] ORGANIZATION STUDY OF KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD, PETTAH A report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of Kerala University Submitted by JASEENA.J Roll No: MGT0905016 Under the guidance of Faculty guide Project guide Ms. AMBILI.G.S VISAKH.M.S Faculty IMK Manager

H.R.

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN KERALA UNIVERSITY OF KERALA, SENATE CAMPUS THIRUVANANTHAPURAM July 2010 1[Type text] DECLARATION I declare that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, pettah submitted by me for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala is my own work. The report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree of this Univ ersity or any other University. Place: THIRUVANATHAPURAM JASEENA.J Date: Roll No: MGT0905016 2[Type text]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar professor and , Head of the Department, Institute Of Management In Kerala, University of Kerala, for inculcating me the correct spirit of mind through his valuable advice for doing the training. I hereby express my profound gratitude to Ms Ambili G.S, Faculty, IMK palayam, for her valuable guidance throughout the course of the study. My sincere thanks to Mr. M S Visakh, HR manager, Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd., f or his valuable cooperation and timely guidance, without which this Organization St udy would be an impossible one. My special thanks to Mr. S L Praveen, System Administrator for his valuable support throughout the study. Thanks are also due to Mr. Hari, the HR executive.

Last but not least, I wish to express my heart felt thanks with pleasure to my parents and all my friends for their goodwill and constructive ideas which helpe d me a lot in bringing out this work successful.

EENA.J 905016 3[Type text] SL. NO. 1. Introduction Objectives of the study Scope of the study Methodology Limitation of the study Chapterisation 1 3 3 3 3 2. Industry profile 4 3. Company profile 10 4. Organizational Structure 16 5. Data Analysis PESTLE Analysis PORTER S Analysis SWOT Analysis 55 6. Findings 61 7. Suggestions 62 8. Conclusions 64 9. Bibliography 65 4[Type text] List of charts and diagrams Sl.No. Description Page No. 1 Organization Structure 16 2 Editorial Departmentdaily 21 3 Editorial-Flash 22 4 Editorial-Magazine 23 5 Production Department 25 6 DTP section 30 7 Space Marketing Department 35 8 Product marketing Department 39 9 Debtors management Department

JAS MGT0

Contents TOPIC Page No.

43 10 Finance Department 45 11 HR Department 50 12 Systems Department 53 13 Porter s Five Force Model 58 5[Type text] Date .. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kera la Kaumudi (P) Ltd pettah submitted here is an bonafide record of the work done by Ms Jaseena.J under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree in Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala and this work has not been submitted by her for the award of any other degree, diploma or title of recognition earlier. Director: Faculty Guide Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar M.sAmbiliG.S Professor and Head of Department Faculty IMK IMK 6[Type text] CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 7[Type text] Introduction A newspaper is regularly scheduled publication containing news, information and advertising. By 2007 there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 3 95 million copies a day. The worldwide recession of 2008, combined with the rapid growth of web-based alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers closed or sharply retrenched operations. General-int erest newspapers typically publish stories on local and national political events and personalities, crime, business, entertainment, society and sports. Most traditio nal papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor and columns that express the personal opinions of writers. Other features include di splay and classified advertising, comics, and inserts from local merchants. The newspa per is typically funded by paid subscriptions and advertising. A wide variety of materi al has been published in newspapers, including editorial opinions, criticism, persuasio n and op-eds ; obituaries; entertainment features such as crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes; weather news and forecasts; advice, food and other columns; reviews of movies, plays and restaurants; classified ads; display ads, editorial cartoons a nd comic strips. Newspaper and newspaper advertising has been the most important tool in shaping the growth and development of any society in the modern world. More than

anything, they have been very instrumental in bridging the communication gap between people that contributes to the air of awareness in a society. Newspapers are an important media for spreading both national and international news. It plays crucial role in the society. The news paper industry in every country stands out as an influential body contributing to the development of the modern society by acting as one of the most potential platform for exchange of thoughts and opinions. One of the most crucial tasks of newspaper industry is its contribution towards the economi c and industrial development of a country through its assimilation of the people s voice . The Indian newspaper industry has passed various stages of evolution to reach the status that it enjoys today - that of a leading press arena in the world. Th ere are hundreds of newspapers that reach out to the people of this vast country in enor mous 8[Type text] numbers every morning. A typical Indian, daily newspaper is the staple diet for a typical Indian, bringing him/her news from all over the globe. This organization study has been conducted in Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. Kerala Kaumudi, the greatest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the st ate and the country with editions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur , Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi is a Malayalam daily which provides truthful news. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd consists of all functional departments and thereby gets an idea about all departments. So an organization study was conducted at Kerala Kaumudi (P) L td with an aim of getting awareness of their functioning and final procedures of th at organization. 9[Type text] 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To identify the functions, duties, responsibilities and maintenance of each departments. 2. To verify how far the organization structure is successful in accomplishing t he objectives of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. 1.2 METHODOLOGY The study is primarily descriptive and analytical in nature. For conducting the study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected by observation and personal interviews with the managers and other staffs in the organization. Secondary data was collected from company records, previous studies conducted in the organization and company website. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study helps in bridging gap between the theory and practice of management. It offers great scope to Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd in some areas where

they are considered weak. The scope of the study also extends to other media companies and future researchers. 1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 1. An in-depth study was not possible because the time limit was the main constraint. 2. Since Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, is a private sector company, access to some important information was restricted. This made some difficulties during the time of analysis. 10[Type text] 2.1 NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY When newspapers and magazines are combined, print is the world's larges t advertising medium. An increase in the newspaper sale has been witnessed in almo st all continents including Asia, Europe, Africa and South America except North America, which registered a decline in the sales. Global newspaper sales rose 2. 3% in 2006, India grew 13 %. Advertising revenues in paid dailies had been found up 3 .77 per cent. China, Japan and India account for 60 of the world s 100 best-selling da ilies while the five largest markets for newspapers are China, India, Japan, the US an d Germany. 2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NEWSPAPERS IN INDIA Indian journalism on modern lives began in 1780 at Calcutta with the publication of Bengal Gazette by J.A. Hicky in England. This was followed by a number of periodicals in English; mostly for the benefit of English people in In dia. Vernacular journalism was slow on the uptake. Nevertheless, a number of periodic als, most of them short lived appeared in India, in latter half of 19 th century. Most of the vernacular journals owned their origin to the national consciousness awakened by the revolution of 1857 against British rule in India. Naturally the tone and the tem per displaced the British administration. The result was vernacular press act, 1878 which strictly controlled Indian papers. With the growth of national movement drastic press legislation followed one another such as the newspaper incitement Indian state a ct, 1922, official secrets act, 1923 and Indian states protection act, 1934 During t he second world war, when administrators wanted the cooperation of Indian people, a gentleman s agreement was concluded between the government and the press, which resulted in the press advisory committee at the entire states. This give press a consultative status. Before partition, Lahore was the hub of print media and almost all the newspapers of the United Punjab were published from there. After the holocaust partition, the press shifted to Jalander and stated afresh with limited means. W hen 11[Type text] India became independent, there was no longer any antagonism between the government and the people. The press was free to play an entirely new role. In M arch 1947, the government appointed a press laws enquiry committee as a result on whi ch

the urbanism provision of co operation between the government and the press was inaugurated. Newspaper was published from all the starts and Union territories e xcept from Arunachal Pradesh and Lakshadweep. UP, claimed the top position with 3879 newspaper/ periodicals published from the states. The Indian print media consists of 36 centenarians. Newspapers were brought out in 93 languages and dialects. Apart from the sixteen principle languages, th e highest circulated newspaper Yomini Shim bun founded in 1874 of Japan which attained a figure of 14474573 on April 1, 1988. This has been achieved by totali ng the figures of editors published in various centers with a morning circulation of 50 17984. The bulkiest or the largest newspaper is the New York Times. Sunday edition date s in 1965 which had around 946 pages. Newspapers in 1990 are an interesting thing to watch. It is filled with information that ranges from cryogenic to cattle feeding, biotechnology to ladie s fashion to suit people in all walks of life. Newspapers have played an important role in public affairs throughout the world, whether it is in USA or in India or anyw here. Newspapers help citizen to these countries to know what is going on in their cou ntry and in rest of the world as well. The growing electronic media is catching the importance of newspaper. With the advent of satellite televisions the world has contracted to our fingertips. Even then the newspapers role will not be much cha nge. It will continue as a society s primary instrument for mass communication. In Indi a, newspapers are published in about 100 regional languages and dialects other than Hindi and English. Over the years, the number of dailies has steadily increased. Their number increased to 5638 in 2001 from 5364 in the previous year, i.e. by 5.11 pe r cent. The total circulation of daily newspaper was 5,78,44,236 in 2001. In 2001, The Hindu, an English daily, published from Chennai was the largest circulated single edition daily with claimed circulation of 9,37,222 followed by Hindustan times, English Daily, published from Delhi with a circulation of 9,09, 278. 12[Type text] Anand Bazar Patrika, Bengali daily, came third, whereas The Times of India, Engl ish daily, was fourth. With such a huge number of newspapers and such enormous circulation, the supply chain model for the newspaper industry is a challenge in itself. Moreover , due to the perishable nature of the product, its distribution needs all the more imp ortance. A newspaper industry consist five major functional areas include editorial, advertising, production, administration, and circulation. Editorial supplies the raw material, which is transformed to the finished product through printing. The marketing function is performed by advertising and management is done by administration. The key area of sales of the product is dealt by circulation. Th e distribution channel plays an important role in newspaper industry. Newspapers are those goods which are perishable to both the manufacturer and the customer. Newspaper companies cannot print the news sections of the

newspaper in advance because of the requirement that news be timely. Additionall y, with the increase in commuting times, especially in the large, metropolitan mark ets, later delivery is also not entertained. Therefore, newspaper production or distr ibution is the problem of distributing highly perishable products under severe time constraints. The newspaper industry is becoming very competitive with the national players competing with the regional players. Newspaper is a perishable commodity and in order to cater to needs of the customer in various geographical locations , a newspaper has to publish from various locations. This helps in achieving a strat egic fit between the supply chain and customer needs. The consumers are primarily looking for a national newspaper giving regional news as well. Consumers also demand faster response because of the perishable nature of the product. In order to economize on the costs of the supply chain, t he newspaper needs to have regional publication units with both national and region al news varieties in the same newspaper. 13[Type text] As has been shown by various studies, newspaper readers do not want to spend mor e on reading a newspaper. Thus an economy of scale is very important factor for a newspaper. Newspaper should achieve a critical mass of customers to achieve economies of scale. The main drivers of supply chain are inventory, transportati on facilities, and information. Newspapers are very important in many ways. They give us lots of information about various matters at various levels that are available anywhere. Though magazines and books also give lots of information, the scope of the news there is limited to a few selected topics. Television and internet connections w hile provide news faster than the newspapers, it cannot have the width, breadth and d epth of the newspapers and do not provide the comfort of the repeated references at o ur leisure and comfort apart from harming our eyes because of the glare and being t he source of health hazards because of radiations. 2.3 International Newspapers There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized as international newspapers. Some, such as Christian Science Monitor and The International Herald Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repac kaged national newspapers or international editions of national-scale or large metropoli tan newspapers. Often these international editions are scaled down to remove article s that might not interest the wider range of readers. As English has become the international language of business and technology, many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions. In place as varied as Jerusalem and Bombay (Mumbai), newspapers are printed to a local and international English-speaking public. The advent of the Internet has also allowed the non-English newspapers t o put out a scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach. 14[Type text]

Features of a newspaper may include: Editorial opinions Comics strips and other entertainment, such as Crosswords, Sudoku and Horoscopes weather news and forecasts Advice, gossip, food and other columns Critical reviews of movies, plays, restaurants, etc. Classified ads While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialists still are some weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant, or the local gay community. 2.4 NEWS PAPER BUSINESS IN KERALA Kerala has a rate of newspaper readership that is among the highest in the world. In Kerala, there are approximately 1576 newspapers in circulation! Among these, only a few newspapers are widely circulated with a good number of readers . 2.5 LEADING MALAYALAM NEWSPAPERS Malayala Manorama: First appeared on 14th March 1890, as a weekly, currently has a readership of over 15 million, with a circulation base of over 7.4 million copies.Manorama is Kerala's largest selling and most widely read newspaper. Mathrubhumi: The first copy of Mathrubhumi went to press on 18th of March 1923. Mathrubhumi today is the second most circulated newspaper in Kerala. It is publi shed from Calicut, Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Kannur, 15[Type text] Palakkad, Malappuram and Kollam besides from Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi It has a circulation of over 13 lakhs and its readership is around 75 lakhs. Des habhimani: A Malayalam newspaper run by Communist Party of India (Marxist). Started as a weekly in 1942 and converted to a daily in 1946. Deshabhimani now has six different editions: Kozhikode, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kannur, Kottayam and Trichur. Kerala Kaumudi: A popular Malayalam newspaper, founded in 1911. Published from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kannur in Kerala and Bangalore, Kerala Kaumudi is the fourth most circulated Malayalam daily. The pap er has online editions in Malayalam and English that are updated twice daily. Deepika: One of the oldest newspapers published in India. The first issue came out on 1887 April 15. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissu r, Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode Other dailies in circulation include Madhyamam, Thejas Mangalam, Janayugam, Varthamanam, Chandrika, Janmabhumi, Sirajdaily, and Grihasree. 16[Type text] Company Profile Kerala Kaumudi, the fastest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman, a man of letters and a teacher. He was also a reversed intellectual, social reformist and a true revolutionary in both letter and sprit. Under his inspiring leadership, Kerala Kaumudi has set high standards in

journalism. Kerala Kaumudi shot into limelight following the Quit India Movement . The term Kaumudi implies moonlight that blossoms the water lily. In other words, Kerala Kaumudi enlightens the entire keralites. Truly speaking, Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Shri K Sukumaran became the embodiment of Kaumudi-the full moon in enlightening the masses in the moon balanced green of Kerala. This is an apt interpretation of Kerala Kaumudi. Because of its fearless unbiased editorials and relentless dedication, the term Kerala Kaumudi becomes immortal and permanently etched in the minds of common man. And it is precisely these qualities that prompted the nation to con fer on the founder Editor P Sukumaran, one of its highest civilian honours, the prestig ious Padmabhushan. The Kerala Kaumudi legacy has been its constant pursuit for truth and unparalleled excellence in Journalism. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the state and the country with ed itions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur, Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Now Kerala Kaumudi is celebrating its 99 years of publicati on Pioneer 17[Type text] Kerala Kaumudi is the first newspaper to introduce Investigative Journalism under the dynamic leadership of its Founder-editor, Padmabhushan K Sukumaran. It was the first among the newspapers in Kerala to introduce new technologies like photo type setting, cable transmission and computerized accounting. It was also one among the first few news papers to launch an internet edition. CORPORATE OFFICE The registered office of the company named Kaumudi Buildings is located at Pettah , a developed part in Thiruvananthapuram city. It is the place where the administration of the company is being carried out. 3.1 VISION AND MISSION Shri C V Kunjuraman started Kerala Kaumudi as a weekly in 1911 with a vision to spread over the principles of Sreenarayana Guru. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and fearless views. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY 1. To carry on business of proprietors and publishers of news paper, journals, magazines, periodicals, books and pamphlets and other literary works and undertakings. 2. To understand and execute any trusts or to act as trustees or to do any other such act as may seen desirable or beneficial whether with or without consideration. 3. To establish, maintain and promote any agency or branch offices of the compan y in India or elsewhere and to regulate the same or discontinue the same. 4. To promote any other company or companies for the purpose of acquiring any privilege, concession, property or assets of any person, firm or undertakings or other rights and liabilities of such other company or companies or concerns or

18[Type text] business as the case may be as conductive to or beneficial for the purpose of th e company. 3.3 CIRCULATION AND READERSHIP Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash around 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships. 3.4 SHARE CAPITAL The authorized capital of the Company is Rs 30,00,000 (Thirty Lakhs) divided into 3000 Equity shares of Rs.1000 each. Shares shall be under the control of t he Directors who may issue, allot or dispose of same to such persons and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as they may think fit. The company may form time to time by ordinary resolution increase its share capital by such amount as it thinks expedient by issuing new shares of such amou nts as it thinks fit. 3.5 GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY The Kerala Kaumudi has been working in profit ever since in its establishment. Profits are essential for the survival of the business. They co ver the risks and cost of staying in business. Profits maintain the revenue generating c apacity of the business. 3.6 RAW MATERIALS Materials constitute a significant part of cost of products. The important raw materials needed for the company are 1. News print 2. Ink 3. Plate 19[Type text] News print is allocated based on requirements of newspaper by Registrar of News papers of India, New Delhi and supplied mainly by STC of India. The STC supplies the imported news print Canadian, Russian etc. 3.7 SISTER CONCERNS 1. Kalakaumudi Printers and Publications 2. Ravi Printers and Publications Pvt Ltd 3. Kaumudi Investment Pvt Ltd 3.8 COMPETITORS TO KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Malayala Manorama 2. Mathrubhumi 3. Deshabhimani 4. Mangalam 5. Deepika 3.9 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COMPANY The specialty of Kerala Kaumudi Products is that they are offered at fair prices , which is affordable to the common man. Their contribution towards the developme nt of local community life is a notable one and it is working in public interest. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd has brought many sensitive news like Palmoil case, SSLC question paper leak out etc. Kerala Kaumudi has been obsessed with truth over 96 years. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with Forth right news and fearless views. Stresses on credibility and unbiased reporting , which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. Kerala Kaumudi s crusading journalism has made a class of its own in the lives of Malayalees. The newspaper s constant effort to safeguard the policy of communal reservation in Kerala is a shinning example Kerala Kaumudi s strong commitment to

the welfare of the state. Kerala Kaumudi is the mastermind behind innumerable sc oop 20[Type text] stories, which demolished the ivory towers of many unparallel icons of Kerala politics. 3.10 FUTURE PLANS OF THE COMPANY The company is planning to start two media channels from 2011, the 100 th anniversary year, namely kaumudi news channel and kaumudi entertainment channel which will be launched from February 2011 most probably. The company has many plans for its future. More editions are to be launched in near future as part of Kerala Kaumudi s ambitious plan to expand its coverage to more areas. The company wants to impart some new equipments and machineries for speedy and smooth production. The company needs more efficient technicians and to compete with others. The company wants to conduct training programmes for employees. The company wishes to provide more effective and efficient labor welfare facilities to its employees. It provides many employment opportunities. 3.11 PRODUCT PROFILE PRODUCTS OF KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Kerala Kaumudi publications 1. Kerala Kaumudi daily 2. Kerala Kaumudi Flash 3. Kerala Kaumudi weekly 4. Kerala Kaumudi Panchangam 5. Kerala Kaumudi Calendar 6. Kerala Kaumudi Onam special 7. Kerala Kaumudi Sabarimala Special 8. Career Directory 9. Sree Narayana Guru Directory 10. Magic Slate 21[Type text] 2. Kerala Kaumudi Communications Kerala Kaumudi Communications focuses on audio entertainment creations. The Kerala Kaumudi GEETH series compiles melodious mixes of old and new numbers sung by all-time favorite Malayalam singers. A group of musical experts careful ly select the combinations to ensure that each release is sensitized to suit the ta stes of a unique segment. 3. Kerala Kaumudi Events wing A team of eminent professional organizes, conducts, and concludes all kinds of promotional events with a touch of class. This wing also organizes variety of s hows, shoots; arrange sponsors and broadcasts stage events on leading Malayalam channe ls worldwide. 4. Online publications Kerala Kaumudi leaped into internet 1997 in their business in online publication s are a natural growth into cyber age of Kerala Kaumudi. Kerala Kaumudi internet division or cyber studio has emerged as one of the leading web publishers of Ker ala. 24 hour data updation is done here. It is the chief source of information for NR Is from Kerala. Kaumudi sites growth and success spring from their conscious awareness o f the huge expatriate malayalee population and their abiding interest in their hom e land.

1. www.keralakaumudi.com {Malayalam Daily) 2. www.kaumudi.com (English Daily) 3. www.kaumudijalakam.com (bilingual news magazine) 4. www.sundaykaumudi.com (web tabloid). 5. www.kaumudiclassifieds.net 6. www.kaumudiusa.com (the newest addition to Kerala Kaumudi galaxy of websites)-bilingual multicultural site 22[Type text] Kaumudiusa.com is an exclusive bilingual North American Malayali targeted site, kaumudi jalakam, an innovative Malayalam net weekly and Kaumudi online, a net-only English daily, have proved to be big draws with expatriate keralites. CHART NO.1 Organization Chart of Kerala Kaumudi 23 Managing Director or Joint Managing Director Chairman/ Editor in Chief Board of Directors Chief General Manager Marketing director Corporate Administration Business Units Administration Corporate Heads Human Resource Management Production Head AGM (Marketing) Chief Manager (Finance & Accounts) Unit Chief Unit Manager Managing Editor Editorial Department Associate Editor Chief News Editor General Editor Chief Manager (Special Projects) General Manager Company secretary[Type text] The above organization chart provides a bird s eye-view of relationships between different departments or divisions of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. As far a s Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is concerned Chairman/ Managing Director is at the top of the Organization structure. Mr. M S Mani is the Chairman of the company. He als o holds the position of the Chief Editor of the company. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is a private sector company which is registered under Indian Companies Act, 1913. At present board of directors includes Shri M S Man i, Shri M S Madhusoodhan, Shri M S Sreenivasan, and Shri M S Ravi. Shri M S Sreenivasan is the present M.D and Joint Managing Director of the Company. Chief General Manager, Company Secretary and Managing Editor are directly controlled by the Managing Director. Smt Anju Sreenivasan is the Chief General Manager. Shri Deepu Ravi is the Managing Editor of the company. The Editorial Department is under the control of Managing Editor. Corporate Administration and Business unit administration wings are controlled by General Manager, Shri M K Karthikeyan. Corporate Heads include the corporate department heads of Kerala Kaumudi. The functional departments are Human Resource Management, Production department, Marketing Department, Finance and

Accounts Department and Special Projects. Assistant General Manager (Marketing) controls Space Marketing Department, New Product Marketing department and Debtors Collection Management Department. 4.1 ADMINISTRATION Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd carries out its functions and manages its affairs through the following managerial personnel. 1. Board of Directors and Managing Director 2. Company Secretary 3. Chief General Manager 4. General Manager and Functional Managers 24[Type text] 5. Unit Chiefs POWER OF DIRECTORS: 1. To appoint and at their discretion remove or suspend such managers, secretaries, officers, clerks, agents and servants for permanents, temporary or special services as they may from time to time think fit. 2. To appoint any person to accept and hold in trust for the company any property belonging to the company 3. To secure the fulfillment of any contract or engagements entered into by the company 4. To purchase or otherwise acquire for the company any property, rights or privileges which the company is authorized to acquire 5. To give receipts, releases and discharges on behalf of the company 6. To invest and deal with any moneys of the company not immediately required for the purpose of its business in such manner as they think fit. 7. To draw, accept, endorse and negotiate all such cheques, bills of exchange, drafts, promissory notes and government and other securities in connection with the business. 8. The vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors shall be filled up by the Board of Director who may fix the period for which such Director shall hold office Duties of General Manager 1. Leads the administration, marketing and circulation department. 2. Formulate a financial budget and planning in tune with the growth and stability of the organization. 3. Advise the top management on appropriate steps to be taken to make this a better organization so that each and every employee feels he is a valuable member in the organization and develop better a team concept for enabling him to contribute his best. 25[Type text] Functions of Company Secretary Company secretary is an officer of the company, who has certain responsibilities under the law and under any duties passed to him by the directors. The role of company secretary is administrative rather than managerial. The functions are.. 1. The company Secretary performs all duties that he is required to perform unde r the Companies Act. 2. He supplies required data to the company s advocates in connection with legal matters. 3. He is directly accountable to Board of Directors. Functions of Unit Chief 1. Head of unit task force 2. Formulates the task force decisions 3. Coordinates the activities of each unit 26[Type text] 4.2 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Editorial department is considered as the nucleus of every newspaper company. This department plays a major role of collecting the news till printing . Teams of experts are working in this department. Each page of the newspaper is

drafted by separate group of people. The selection of news, the headlines and th e way of presentation are all done by the journalists. The life stories of an individu al is always presented in an inverted pyramid i.e., beginning from their death till th eir time of birth and the main source of this information is a well equipped library. As name implies the reporters, general public and correspondents bring the news. The cop y desk handles the general news and local desk handles the local news. The news bureau gathers the news and the news desk edit and proof reads according to the style book. There is a deadline for each news. The headings are given by the editors. MOTTO OF KERALA KAUMUDI Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Company has an efficient news team. And its wide network is spread through out the country. It has 9 editions spreads over Kerala, Bangalore. The newspape r stresses on credibility and that is the only reason why Kaumudi is still a major player in the market. The Editorial Department is headed by the Chief Editor. Under him come Managing Editor, Executive Editor, Associate Editor, Deputy Editor and Chief New s Editor. Under them come the News Editors, Deputy News Editor, Chief Sub Editor, and Senior Sub Editors and Sub Editors. 27[Type text] CHART No.2 Structure of Editorial Department-daily 28 Chief Editor Managing Editor Executive Editor Associate Editor Chief News Editor Editorial Section Chief Sub Editor Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer[Type text] 29[Type text] CHART NO.3 Structure of Editorial Wing - Flash 30 Managing Editor General Editor Editor in-charge Chief Sub Editor

Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor[Type text] CHART NO.4 Structure of Editorial wing - Magazine 4.1 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Chief Editor Chief Editor controls the functions of the editing and reporting sections. Edito rial Policies of News paper are formulated by the Chief Editor. Executive Editor Executive editor is responsible for the execution of the policies formulated by the Chief Editor. He undertakes planning, administration and implementation of the policies in consultation with the Chief Editor. Associate Editor Associate Editor monitors both national and international news Chief News Editor 31 Managing Editor Sub editors Trainees [Type text] Works according to the policy of the management Gives orientation Gives suggestions for improvement to the Department Gives overall guidance News Editors News Editors edits general news / monitors television channels and internet. Sub editors Sub editors engage in news translation and editing activities 4.3 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The hierarchy of production department starts from editorial department. It wor ks in connection with DTP section and Circulation Department. Edited news from the editorial department reaches the DTP section through news editors. From DTP sec tion it is send to proof reading section then again to the DTP section then to the News Editor. He decides the intensity of the matter and he sets news in different pages. The news editor also decides upon the different size of caption used for different news. After the page transfer is done. 32[Type text] CHART NO.5 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Electrical Section Electrical section deals with repairing all electrical equipments, maintena nce of motors in order to avoid any break down during production. It is the duty of el ectrical engineers and electricians to make sure the uninterrupted power supply in the de

partment. Mechanical Section Mechanical wing deals with the repair maintenance, preventive maintenance and shut down maintenance for machines. For this minimum numbers of persons employe d. 33 Editorial department Production Head Mechanical section Electrical section Print production Mechanical engineer Asst. mechanical engineer Fitters Electrician in charge Asst. electrician Production manager Production superintendent Supervisors Foremen[Type text] They will try to solve any problem relating to the machines. Assistant Engineer assists the Mechanical Engineer for maintenance works. Fitters help the Assistant Engine er for doing maintenance work. They check and maintain the press in good condition. Print Production The basic function of production department in Kerala Kaumudi is printing newspapers. The printing of Kerala Kaumudi newspaper is undertaken by M/s. Ravi Printers and Publishers Private Limited. Printing is done in accordance with th e print order given to the foreman by the Circulation Department. Raw materials for prin ting are issued by the Materials Department. Printing of news paper is after 12.00a.m. P rinting of Flash begins at 11.45 and Magazine printing is on every Monday 3.00 p.m. The Print Production section mainly handles the following functions. Pasting Plate making Printing and Despatching RAW MATERIALS I. News print The size of newsprint is 70cm and 45 GSM (Gramage per square meter). As the GSM increases copies decreases and vice versa. The main supplier of newsprint Hindustan News print Ltd, Kottayam. Imported deluxe quality news print are Supplied by Pondar Global Ltd, New Delhi. Low qual ity, recycled news print is supplied by V.G.Paper and Boards Ltd, Udumalpet, Sarvalek shmi 34[Type text] Paper and Boards Ltd, Coimbatore and Vishnupriya Papers, Chennai. These newspri nts are used for the printing of inner pages. II. Ink Two types of inks are used for printing. a. Black ink: Suppliers of black ink are Shalimar Inks and Chemicals, Aluva an d Orient Inks, Kozhikodu b. Colour Ink: Suppliers of colour ink are Galilia Chemicals, Cochin M.R. Industries, Calicut. High quality ink which is used for printing advertisement

columns are supplied by Coats Ink, Kalyan Marketing, Cochin. III. Plates Aluminum Plates are of three types: long, medium and short run. Long run plates are used for producing main pages in all editions. From a short-run plate 10,000 to 15,000 copies can be printed. These plates are procured from the dealers of TECHNOVA, Standard Missionary Sales Company, Patoor, Thiruvananthapuram and dealers of NIR AJ, News Graphics, Kottayam. The imported plate dealers are TOPAZ. IV. Chemicals Chemicals consumed are developers, universal wash, fountain solution, remover an d plate cleaner, Chemicals for film development-developer and fixer. V. Graphic Art film Usually films produced by Kodak and Agfa are used. Kodak films are supplied by Trade Links Ltd, Cochin and Agfa films are supplied by Krishna Agencies, Cochin. VI. Laser printer films VII. Tracing paper 35[Type text] 4.4 PROCESS OF NEWS PRODUCTION Newspapers are usually printed on an off-white paper known as newsprint. Making of newspapers is called journalism. Much emphasis has been placed upon the accuracy and fairness of the journalist. The actual content of publications comes from two separate departments. The ads, whether they be what many refer to as "display" ads (the ones with the borders a round them) or "line" ads (the categorized listings of text ads usually found in the c lassified section) are sold and often produced by the Space Marketing Department. Everythi ng else--the news, features, columns, photos, and stock quotes--all of that comes f rom the editorial department and is referred to as "editorial content" or simply "editor ial". 1. SOURCES Agencies like PTI (Press Trust of India), UNI (United News India). Public Relations Department Political leaders Television/Internet Police Stations 2. REPORTING Reporting comprises a wide network and an efficient team of reporters. They repo rt the news in an unbiased manner. The reporting section is headed by Bureau Chief. Und er him comes the Special Correspondents, Senior Photographers, Photographers, Chief Reporters, Senior Reporters, Reporters and the Trainees. The Bureau is co nnected to the desk of editing section. The company has 42 local Bureaus. 3. NEWS STORY 36[Type text] Usually, the stories will run down columns two-and-a-sixteenth inches wide, with an eighth-inch blank space between the columns. And since ads often appear on the s ame pages as the editorial content, although it would make sense that the column wid th that

editorial uses always matches up with what advertising defines as a column, occa sionally there are exceptions. 4. EDITING This section comprises of various desks: Local desk, Main desk, Feature desk, Sp orts desk and International desk. Here the selection, editing of news, selection of photographers, page layout, and coordination is carried out. Functions of Various Desks v Local Desk Local desk edits all local news. The desk is headed by Chief Sub Editor, and und er him comes the Senior Subeditor, Subeditors and Trainees. v Main Desk Main desk edits all general news, political news, science news, national news et c. It is headed by the Chief main desk and under him comes the News Editor, Chief Editor, Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors and Trainees. v Feature Desk Feature desk edits the editorial page. It is headed by Resident Editor and under him comes Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors, and trainees. v Sports Desk Edits all sports news .It comprises of News Editor and Trainees. v International Desk 37[Type text] Edits all international news. Headed by Chief Sub Editor, under him comes Sub ed itor and Trainees. 4.5 DTP SECTION DTP is a part of the Editorial Department. DTP manager is the head of the DTP section. Pre press activities are under taken in this section. Adobe Page Maker 7.0 is the software used for pagination. The functions performed in the DTP section can be listed as follows: Firstly, the advertisement layout is setup with the requirements of advertisemen t coordinator by the operator. The remaining space on the newspaper is devoted for news. The data supplied from the desk is scanned and entered into the computers by the operators. Advertisement in the PDF format from the agencies and the photographers are entered into computers through scanners. CHART NO.6 Activities of DTP Section 38 Editorial Composing Proof section Page Layout Laser Print/ film Film pasting Plate making[Type text] Composing In DTP section, data entry of the matter handed over by the editorial section is undertaken. All the input materials such as photographic reflections, originals , nonphotographic pictures are converted into digital files and resized as per r

equirement. Transmission Section transfers General pages to all editions through ISDN broadb and lines. Almost eighteen staffs are working in this section in 4 rotating shifts. Proof Section A miniature printout of A4 size will be send to editorial proof and advertisemen t proof section. Corrections are carried out after proof reading by the operators. Layout Then each page is made by the concerned desk chiefs with the support of operators. Matter is sorted again and page order is checked. Layout sheets are marked with vertical lines that correspond to the column widths of your publication, as well as horizontal markers that correspond to the units your newspaper uses to measure t he height of the ad, usually inches or centimeters. Laser Print Output Black and white pages are printing in laser printer. Image Setting The matter pages containing four colours i.e. the primary colors, cyan, magenta, yellow and black composed in PageMaker are converted to Post script files or pd f format using Torrent v6.0 SP3 software. These files are transferred to Graphic Art fil ms using an imported Image setter machine, Scantext Othello . These graphic art films are processed in the machine Image Line . After taking final full sized printout of ea ch page on LP/ film, these will be handed over to the Production department. 39[Type text] Stripping Color negatives are stripped together for each page. A blue-line print is made from stripped-up negatives and is used to check image position before printing. Pasting The prints are pasted on the astronel sheet. Plate making The plate is produced by a photo chemical procedure. The astronel sheet is placed on an Aluminum sheet with a chemical coating and vacuum is applied on it. After this process it is exposed to an u.v .light of 3000 W for 85 seconds. When the p lates are exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs that allows an ink-receptive coatin g to be activated. This results in the transfer of the image from the negative to the pl ate. Each of the primary colors -- black, cyan (blue), magenta (red), and yellow -- has a sep arate plate. The light passes through the non-image area and it is developed by using a devel oper. Then gum is applied on the plate to avoid oxidation. The next step after plate m aking is the printing. Printing Offset lithography is the workhorse of printing. Almost every commercial printer does it. The paper is fed through the press as one continuous stream pulled from rolls of paper. Each roll can weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (1 ton) Web presses print at very high speeds and use very large sheets of paper. Even when a 1-ton roll of paper runs out,

the presses do not stop rolling. The press has to maintain a constant balance be tween the force required to move the paper forward and the amount of backpressure (resista nce) that allows the paper to remain tight and flat while traveling through the equip ment. 40[Type text] Offset process Ink and water do not mix -- this is the underlying principle of offset lithograp hy. The ink is distributed to the plates through a series of rollers. On the press, the plates are dampened, first by water rollers, then by ink rollers. The rollers distribute th e ink from the ink fountain onto the plates. The image area of the plate picks up ink from the ink rollers. The water rollers keep the ink off of the non-image areas of the plate. Each plate then transfers its image to a rubber blanket that in turn transfers the image to the paper. This process is shown in the following figure. The plate itself does not actuall y touch the paper -- thus the term "offset" lithography. All of this occurs at an extremely high speed. The quality of the final product is often due to the guidance, expertise and equipment provided by the printer. Print quality is checked frequently by the pr ess operator. Bindery The bindery is where the printed product is completed. The huge rolls of nowprin ted paper are cut and put together so that the pages fall in the correct order. These printed news papers are manually collected, counted and packed into bundles as p er the requirement of the agents and attaches a slip containing number, number of news papers enclosed etc. Dispatching These bundles are sent through different routes to various destinations or dropping points. Just before reaching the ultimate consumers or readers, the ne wspaper bundles are collected by the concerned agents at the dropping points. They in t urn take the newspaper to the readers. 41[Type text] 4.6 SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT Marketing department deals with the space marketing of classified advertisements and display of its publications. Advertisements have been a major source of revenue for the newspapers and periodicals. Most newspapers make nearly all their money from advertising. The portion of the newspaper that is not advertising is called edi torial content. Every ad the Company sell will need to conform to the column widths of the newspaper. The width of every newspaper page can be broken down into columns of equal size. How wide a column can be seen by looking at how the editorial copy f lows on a page. Usually in the case of news paper 60% of space in it is meant for news a nd 40%

of space is meant for advertisement. FUNCTIONS Planning, analyzing and implementation of advertising activities. Monitoring advertisement collection activities. Coordinating the activities relate with publication of regular and periodical supplements. Coordinating the activities of the field executives both inside and outside Kera la. Research and development activities to update with changes in the industry. Arranging periodical get together of advertisement agencies and regular clients. Conducting periodical training programs for Marketing Executives. 42[Type text] CHART NO.7 STRUCTURE OF SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT- Flash & Morning Daily 43 Hari Asst Manager Debtors Mgmt Receivables team Assistant General Manager Manager Corporate Operations Manager Debtors Mgmt Manager Flash Corporate Asst Manager Corporate Commn. AAM DTP Office Asst.Cross Checking Office Asst.Voucher Billing Dispatch RM South RM North RM Central A/c s Executive Bill wise Posting A/c s Officer Billing AM Weekly Unit Advertisement Managers Marketing Executives Customer care executives Proof Reader 1 Proof Reader 2 Proof Reader 3 DTP Staff 2 DTP Staff 1[Type text] DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Assistant General Manager AGM is directly accountable to GM. AGM is the head of Space Marketing Department & Product Marketing Department Plans, analyses and implement the entire activities in these departments. Member of corporate task force. Coordinates the entire department. Manager Corporate Operations Weekly and monthly evaluation of all units advt head. Coordinating the Billing Activities of all units. Settlement of requirements of all unit advt departments Involved in the work of corporate advt materials like rate cards proposals etc. Unit wise communications Dealing with corporate clients and agencies Asst. Manager daily Looks after all the activities connecting to advt. dept

 Controls the space marketing activities of Trivandrum unit (billing, collection and office administration) Planning meetings, Follow-up units of customer along with executives, Monitoring the executives , Collection monitoring, Bureau monitoring, 44 Hari[Type text] Conducting evaluation meeting on daily basis Asst. Advertisement Manager DTP Act as liaison between DTP and Advertisement Ensuring of scheduled ads to be carried in daily basis Ensuring timely settlement of ad matters to be present in Daily Coordinating the entire activity for ad placing in Daily Customer care executives: handle the clients and explain the schemes and service s to them. Office Asst: carries out the cross verification of advertisements before dispatc h, bills the advertisements as per the prescribed rates (see appendix) and sends these to the clients. Sources of Advertisements 1. Marketing Executives 2. Government Organization 3. Stringers 4. Advertising Agencies Types of advertisements in Kerala Kaumudi 1. Classified Advertisements: Classified advertisements will be shown in one line or three like accommodation wanted or available, change of name, thanks giving etc. 2. Matrimonial Advertisements: It is a kind of classified advertisement. Ads lik e bride, groom wanted etc are matrimonial advertisements. 45[Type text] 3. Ear panel Advertisement: The advertisement is shown on the top position in the front page on the left or both sides. This is an important source of income for the newspaper. 4. Display Advertisement: Display advertisement will be shown with in a box on any page of the news paper. The advertisement is usually given in two or more lines or quarter page or half page or full page .This is also a high income sour ce for the daily. Special Position Advertisement 1. Solus advertisement In the case of solus advertisement only particular advertisement is shown on the front page and all other advertisements are avoided. For this advertisement, the customer has to pay a high charge for covering opportunity cost. 2. Strip advertisement In the lower half of the front page there is only one advertisement is allo wed. Here also the advertiser compensates the opportunity cost. 4.7 PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT The Product Marketing Department takes care of everything after the newspaper is printed. This department is responsible for encouraging people to start or keep reading the publication Kerala Kaumudi is having fourth position in circulation. The fir

st, second 46[Type text] and third positions are held by Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi and Deshabhimani. Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash aroun d 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships Product Marketing Department is concerned with promoting the news paper there by increasing its circulation. It is a source of revenue for the newspaper. It is mainly concerned with distribution and collection of amounts from the agents. FUNCTIONS Strengthening agency network Boost up circulation Creating awareness Increase in demand Supply Market research Product Improvement CHART NO. 8 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT- FLASH & DAILY 47 Asst General Manager Chief Circulation Manager Corporate Operations Manager Corporate Operations Manager Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives Daily FLAS H Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives[Type text] Chief Circulation Manger is the head of Circulation department both for Morning daily and Flash. He is directly accountable to AGM. He plans and implements the circulation strategies for daily and flash. He identifies the weak areas of cir culation and formulates competitive promotional techniques. Managers Corporate Operations of daily and flash coordinates directs and controls the circulation activities of all the three zones viz: North, mid and s outh. Circulation Manager checks the circulation figures. He should coordinate Assistant circulation managers of all units. Morning daily and Flash Circulation Manager is assisted by Assistant Circulation Manager of all units. Under them come the S ales officer, Field Inspector, Promoters and Agents. The Assistant Manager is directl y accountable to the circulation manager. His main duties are Collection of cash f rom agents using field promoters. Circulation inspector inspects the promoters and enhances the circulation activi ty.

Promoters canvas the potential buyers. They resolve agents issue; collect from agents and resolves issue between agents and subscribers. Price of Kerala Kaumudi Dailies Morning daily: Price is Rs.4.00 and on Sundays the price is Rs.4.50 48[Type text] Flash: Price is Rs.3 Schemes for subscription 5 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.7272, Amount to pay is Rs.6500, Saving is Rs. 772 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calen dar for 5years 3 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs. 4363. Customer has to pay Rs.3900 only and he can save Rs. 463. Including free gifts-onam special panchang am and calendar for 3years 2 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.2909 Amount to pay is Rs.2650, Saving is Rs. 259 Including free gifts-onam special panchangam and cale ndar for 2years 1 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.1454 Amount to pay is Rs.1350 Saving is Rs. 104 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calend ar for 1year Publishers of commercial news papers strive for higher circulation so that advertising in their newspaper becomes more effective allowing the newspaper to attract more advertisers and to charge more for the service. BUSINESS BENEFIT SCHEME 49[Type text] As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.3695 Amount to pay is Rs.2000 Saving is Rs. 1695 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calendar for 1year. In addition to 1 year subscription business firms will also get 5x2/10x1 size black & white split edition free display advertisement. KAUMUDI CENTENARY SBS CENTENARY SBS- 1 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 5016 the amount to be paid is 2500/- savings is Rs 2516. It includes 1year newspaper 1year weekly and 5x2 cm c olour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS- 3 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 8549/- the amount to be pa id is 5500/- savings is Rs 3049. It includes 3years newspaper 3years weekly and 5x2 cm colour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS-5 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs12082 the amount to be paid is 8250/- savings is Rs 3832/- It includes 5years newspaper 5years weekly and 5x2 c m colour free display advertisement. 4.8 DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Debtors Management Department is a part of Marketing Department. The main purpo se

of this department is to Streamline and make the debt collection activities effi cient. This department works in connection with the Space Marketing Department and Product Marketing Department 50[Type text] CHART NO. 9. STRUCTURE OF DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPT. FUNCTIONS 1. Know the customer (before and during relationship) Credit check and monitor 51 Product Marketing Dept Space Marketing Dept Assistant General Manager Debtor manager Asst. Manager Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Collection executives Collection executives[Type text] Request additional financial information from customer Gain intelligence from others in the sector about the customer s payment record. 2. Define credit limit setting process Use criteria to determine whether to grant credit to a customer formalize a procedure to establish customer credit limits. Also put in place a periodic rev iew procedure. Once a credit limit is established only increase limit for a customer by followi ng the same formal procedure as when the limit was established in the first place. 3. Synchronize the actions and attitudes of the sales and credit control teams. Maintain a common policy within the company when dealing with debtors 4. Consider other forms of security or credit insurance Using financial instrume nts to get paid, Inland Letters of Credit/Bills of Exchange. 5. Ensure the production of timely and accurate management information. Understand what is happening in our Business Environment Monthly management of figures to include aged debtor listings and weekly, monthly review of overdue debtors 6. Assertive debt collection policy Formalize a graduated sequence of letters/telephone calls 4.9 FINANCE DEPARTMENT Finance department controls the overall transactions of the company. Kerala Kaumudi has 11 editions spread over Kerala, Bangalore, Mumbai and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi has a centralized accounting system. All these units have to generate t heir own funds through circulation, advertisement and other sources. The generated funds are deposited to their respective bank account (Federal Bank) because the units have no 52[Type text] authority to utilize these funds. Cheque sanctioning process is carried out at c

orporate office at Thiruvananthapuram with the approval and signature of MD & Director CHART NO.10 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE/ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT 53 Finance Manager Accounts Manager/Officer Corporate Accounts Head Flash Morning daily Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Assistant Clerks Flash Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) A/c Supervisor General A/c (Corporate) Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate )) Head of Finance/Account Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Accounts Assistant Clerks A/c Supervisor General A/c All units Morning daily Accounts Asst. Clerks Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Asst. Clerks Accounts Asst. Clerks[Type text] FUNCTIONS In every month, the corporate office will sanction Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 20,000 in advance as an imprest to all units for meeting their day-to-day expenses. At the

end of the month each unit will be sending their petty vouchers to corporate office for ava iling credit to their imprest account. COST CONTROL Kerala Kaumudi is following different cost control measures. Cost control aims a t reducing inefficiencies and wastage and setting up pre determined cost and in ac hieving them. Cost control is comparing of actual performance with the standards or targ ets and taking corrective action if any deviation is occurred. BUDGETS Kerala Kaumudi is following flexible budget. Flexible budget is one which is designed to change in accordance with the level of activity actually attained. I t provides 54[Type text] budgeted cost at different levels of activities. It is prepared after making an intelligent classification of all expense between fixed, semi variable and variable because the usefulness of such a budget depends upon the accuracy with which the expenses ca n be classified. In Kerala Kaumudi most of the accounting and technical matters are such as inventory control, production planning and control through linear programming, p ay roll accounting, sales accounting, budgetary control and standard costing are compute rized. DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES FINANCE MANAGER Member of corporate task force. Accountable to GM. To give overall guidance to the functioning of the department. To maintain the finance information system like Financial Analysis, Profit and loss account analysis, Cash flow analysis, Inventory management, Budget preparation and Project evaluation. ACCOUNTS MANAGER To coordinate all functions of Accounts department. To supervise maintenance of cash books, ledger, journal etc. To fulfill statutory requirements like TDS return filing, Advance tax payments, Sales tax return filing, Fringe benefits tax, RNI return filing HEAD OF THE FINANCE /ACCOUNTS ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION To perform the functions and duties of unit chief in the absence of unit chief. To exercise the role of chief executive officer of a unit, next to unit chief. 55[Type text] EXECUTIVE FUNCTION To advice the unit chief unit manager and task force in financial matters. To forecast and estimate the financial requirements of units and to formulate sh ort term and long term plans, budgets, targets, standards etc. To meet the financial requirements in time, raise funds from appropriate outside sources and schedule the repayment. To prepare monthly profit & loss A/c and to compare the actual with the financia l plans/target and to take control measures. To monitor the collection of debts to ensure 100% collection. To ensure optimum use of resources to reduce cost of production. To perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the corporate finance

head/top management. INCIDENTAL FINANCE FUNCTION Supervision of cash receipts and disbursement. Proper custody and safeguarding important and valuable papers. Record keeping and reporting. Cash management and credit management. Assist internal auditors/inspectors assigned by CTF members/corporate finance head. Verify documentary evidence in support of a transaction. Exercise reasonable care and skill performing duties. Disclose full and fair information to the UTF and CTF. Awareness of financial position as on date. To ensure proper sequence of work to detect errors and frauds. 56[Type text] Attend training and learning programmes and keep up to date in the area of accountancy, finance and general business conditions. ACCOUNTS ASSISTANT Undertake various reconciliation works. Ledger scrutiny on monthly basis. Preparation of monthly Profit & loss A/cs CIRCULATION ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Monitoring billing and collection activities. Sanctioning of credit adjustments. Monthly closing of ledgers. Preparation of agents control accounts. ADVERTISEMENT ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Book adjustments entry Monitoring billing and payment activities. Prepare MRV (Monthly Return Verification) statement. CLERKS Voucher entry preparation Filing vouchers and its cross verification Preparation of receipts Prepare all working papers and notes made. Dispatch of bills 4.10 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 57[Type text] The management of Man is a very important and challenging job; important because it is job, not of managing men , but of administering a social system. Human Resource Management involves procedures and practices through which human resources are organized and directed towards the attainment of the individual, social and orga nizational goals. Policy of HR Department The policy of HR Department is to render effective administrative support to the organization both at corporate level and unit level in a systematic and scientif ic manner with special emphasis on human resource development and training with the laid d own quality policy of the organization. CHART NO.11 Structure of HR Department 58 General Manager Human Resource Manager Executive (HR) Front Office Executive Office

Assistants Drivers Telephone Operators Security Officer Clerk/Typist House Keeping Canteen Dispatch Supervisor[Type text] Functions HR manger is responsible for the management of the employees of both Kerala Kaum udi and Ravi Printers and publishers. The main functions of HR department include: Employment and placement Recruitment, selection and placement as per the manpower requirements of the company are the most important functions of HR Dept. Training It is the responsibility of HR Department to impart Training and development to employees both at corporate and Units whenever required. The training programme s for employees include induction, on the job training for non managerial staffs, off the job training for managerial staffs. Wage and salary administration Compensation to employees is fixed as per the Wage rates fixed by the wage board s. 1. Proper allocation of work 2. Developing and maintaining motivation for work Performance appraisal 59[Type text] Employee health, safety and welfare services Kerala Kaumudi has a hazard free working environment. No accident has been repo rted in the past years. The welfare schemes include both Statutory and Non statutory schemes. Statutory welfare schemes consists ESI, PF, EDLI, Profession tax and labor welfa re fund. Non Statutory schemes includes Canteen facility (subsidized rate), Vehicle allow ance, LTA (leave travel allowance), Kerala Kaumudi recreation club, Kerala Kaumudi employee s cooperative society, Kerala Kaumudi employee s welfare forum, Mobile allowance, Conveyance allowance, Medical allowance and City compensatory allowan ce. I. Administering employee turnover and conducting exit interviews Employee turn over rate in the previous year was 7%. In some cases exit intervie ws are conducted. II. Industry relations Maintenance of healthy and peaceful labor-management relations is the responsibi lity of the HR Dept. This includes grievance handling, maintenance of discipline etc. III. Trade Union The existing trade union in the company is AITUC. Trade union is given managemen t participation mainly in the areas of recruitment, termination, employee linked i nsurance etc. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 60[Type text] HR Manager is responsible for the overall administration of front office, House Keeping, Drivers, Dispatch, Telephone operators and security officers

? Front Office Executive attends visitors and informs the concerned person. She keeps attendance register of head office staff. ? House Keeping staffs are responsible for the good maintenance of office ? Dispatch section staffs are assigned to send courier from the corporate office and prompt maintenance of dispatch register. 61[Type text] 4.11 SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Kerala Kaumudi started to implement computerization from 1998 onwards. Since 200 6 they have been developing their own ERP (Enterprises Resource Planning) package. System Department handles maintenance of hardware and development and maintenanc e Software. As a part of boosting the implementation of MIS, the works on developi ng systems technologies is improving. CHART NO.12 Structure of system department Duties & Responsibilities System Engineer He is directly accountable to GM. Network administration. System assembling. Maintenance of network connectivity and data communication. System engineer Asst. System Engineer Programmer Hardware System executives 62[Type text] Hardware & system software maintenance. Asst. System Engineer Developing, testing and implementing required application package. Trouble shooting and upgrading installed application packages. Provide training to staffs on the newly installing packages. The recent achievements of systems departments include: Decentralized work Fast collection and payment of bills Fast and comprehensive generation of MIS reports as per the requirements of top management. The computer network system of Kerala Kaumudi includes around 100 machines and 3 servers. One server is for newspaper and for flash, one is for all period icals and other one is for software. The operating system used in servers is Linux and in client system is Windows. Since 2006 system department has been engaging in the development of in house ERP package (in Visual Basic) which is named as PRESS SOFT. The customization of circulation module has already completed. The works on the customization of advertisement, accounting, inventory and HR are in progress . 63[Type text] 5.1 PEST ANALYSIS A scan of the external macro environment in which the firm operates can be expre ssed in terms of the following factors: 1. Political 2. Economic 3. Social 4. Technological

5. Legal 6. Environmental The acronym PESTLE is used to describe a framework for the analysis of these mac ro environmental factors. A PESTLE analysis fits into an overall environmental scan . I. Political factors Political factors include Government regulations and legal issues and definite b oth formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. Some examples include: Tax policy The company is liable to all taxes imposed by Government and to the Kerala VAT. It is a source of income for our Govt. Employee Laws Environment regulations Trade restrictions and tariffs Political stability 64[Type text] Political factors won t affect media much. Kerala Kaumudi is not facing any proble ms related to political factors. II. Economic factors Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firm s cost of capital. The following are example of factors in the macro economy: Economic growth Interest rates Exchange rates Inflation rate Media is the only firm which will not get affected by any recession, global fina ncial crisis etc. It was not hit by recession III. Social factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macr o environment. These factors affect customer s needs and the size of potential marke ts. Some social factors include: Health consciousness Population growth Age distribution Career attitudes Emphasis on safety The company is trying to focus on the Ezhava Community and urging them to become a loyal customer 65[Type text] IV. Technological factors Some technological factors include: R&D activity Automation Technology incentives Kerala Kaumudi doesn t have a R&D department. The company has to bring in more efforts to technological updation in order to withstand the tight competition V. Legal Factors The company is registered under the companies Act and complies with all rules an d legal regulations as laid down by the statutes. VI. Environmental Factors

The company has no environmental problems as it doesn t produce any hazardous wast es. 5.2 Porter s Five Forces Model The PORTER S models are: Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Competitive Rivalry between existing players Porter s model is one of the structured ways in which the i ndustry environment is analyzed. He says that the stronger each of these forces is, the more 66[Type text] difficult it will be for the company to raise prices and make more profits. A st rong force is equivalent to a threat; a weak force is equivalent to an opportunity. It is u pto the operations strategy formulators to recognize the opportunities and the threats a s they arise and design an appropriate strategic response from the operations function. As it is a dynamic world, the strength of each of the competitive forces can change over ti me due to factors external to (ie, beyond the control) of the company. The force of bar gaining power of suppliers can be lessened by removing the bargaining bit. This is done by means of single sourcing and by placing tremendous emphasis upon vendor development. The threat of substitute products can be minimized by providing a variety in the fir st place. This requires an appropriate manufacturing strategic response through a cost con scious yet flexible system of manufacturing. The risk of entry of potential competitors can be reduced through making / providing a quality product or service as the customer desires at an affordable price. Also a wider range of product variety and timely service s could be provided. Bargaining power of buyers can be reduced through building long standi ng relationships between the two companies, through an atmosphere of transparency a nd through a dedicated service orientation. Operations strategy and consequent acti on can be built around these organizational necessities. CHART NO.13 RISK OF ENTRY BY POTENTIAL COMPETITORS BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS rivalry among established firms

67[Type text] 5.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF KERALA KAUMUDI In SWOT analysis, Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. \STRENGTH Credibility of news and unbiased reporting style Good reputation Financial stability Approach of investigative journalism Units spread all over Kerala with adequate printing facilities Able, dedicated and specialized workforce. Good Brand image Group harmony WEAKNESSES Falling circulation lead Administration lacks a professional touch. Lacks a strong mission and fails to establish time bound goals for each departme nt clearly. Absence of some core departments like R&D and Advertisement threat of substitute products 68[Type text] Absence of effective sales promotion and advertisement strategies. Narrow product line. Weak societal marketing. Resistance to change. Lacks anticipative marketing. OPPORTUNITES Untapped market segments like children, unemployed youth, teenage, job seekers, farmers, Children etc. A potential market of literate but unsubscribed to any newspaper. Diversification of business into TV channels and mobile portals. Print outsourcing. THREATS Fast changing printing technology Competitor s strong sales and marketing strategies. Fast growing Cable and satellite TV Penetration of Internet media, with no restriction of subscription charges. Unstable newsprint cost. Fast changing life style of people 69[Type text] 6.1 FINDINGS 1. Though the company is facing tough competition, comparing to its production facilities of all units and its strong public image, it has more scope in the ma rket. Company has to frame more Marketing and sales promotion strategies. 2. Comparing to competitor s products Kerala Kaumudi s coverage of national, international, business and sports news is less. 3. The company is facing a tough competition. Its main publication, daily newspaper s position in the market is fluctuating. Till 2005, it was the third largest circulated daily. In 2006, the position came down to fourth, and from 2007 it is continuing in fifth position. Financial statements from 2001-08 shows that, Comparing to previous years newspaper revenue has declined. Flash continues as No.1 mid day daily in the market. 4. Each department performs their routine work well, but these department s activities are not well coordinated to a time bound mission. 5. Company lacks a good R &D department 6. Circulation Department has limited subscription plans.

7. For print production, chemicals have been used to remove the non-image emulsion, but now plates are available that do not require chemical processing. 8. HR department is maintaining good industrial relations. HR dept needs more systematic approaches to make its main functions viz. recruitment & selection, performance management, and training procedures more efficient. 9. Editorial Department lacks adequate automation and modernization. Space Marketing Department requires more office equipments and communication facilities. 70[Type text] 6.2 SUGGESTIONS 1. When the daily s circulation lead is falling, it is the time to analyze where t he marketing efforts has failed. To establish circulation lead, more innovative and analytic approach is needed. Implementation of strategies like TQM will improve the quality of the organization s processes, products, services through continuous improvement in all senses. 2. Increase the coverage of news. More national, international, business and spo rts news must be included. Increase the number of pages through value added news but without any increase in product price. The additional cost would be compensated by operational efficiency and increase in the ratio of advertisement to editorial. 3. Company has to frame more Market Communication Strategies. More market penetration strategies are also to be framed. Give advertisements in media havin g highest reach to the target market. The effectiveness of advertisement must be conducted periodically. 4. I suggest implementing Management by Objectives (MBO) as absence of clear cut objectives leaves unclear standards by which to evaluate the individual as well as organizational achievements. Establish challenging yet realistic goals in accord ance with the overall company mission. All departments are to translate it into time bound goals and to implement it. 5. I suggest introducing two designations: R&D Manager and Manager responsible f or the overall planning and implementation of marketing communication of Kerala Kaumudi products. An efficient research and development team which consists of all department heads and unit managers must be coordinated under the guidance of R&D Manager. Future plan must be chalked out through brain storming sessions. 71[Type text] Research, develop and launch innovative and value added products quickly and within the budget and through operational efficiency. 6. In addition to the existing subscription plans, introduce short-term and flex ible subscription plans. 7. Establish and maintain circulation lead by satisfying customer needs better th an the competitors through value added products - that would be the motto of product marketing department. 8. The company needs an anticipative marketing approach. Ensure and encourage participation of all members in distribution channel in the framing and implementation of marketing plans. 9. Kerala Kaumudi has to go at a fast pace towards the implementation of modern production technologies. Now plates are available that do not require chemical processing The development of the digital plate setter in the late twentieth cen tury eliminated film negatives altogether by exposing printing plates directly from d

igital input, a process known as computer to plate printing. 10. HR department must encourage and develop an organization culture where innov ative ideas are freely exchanged. 11. Company is admitting project works of professional students from reputed universities. Admit and coordinate these studies in a fruitful manner. Admissio ns should be on the basis of analysis of resume and interview. 72[Type text] 6.3 CONCLUSION India s experienced and diverse press is in robust growth mode. We must ensure that it preserves its elements, its values and its soul. Media has a strong role in nationbuilding. Today s communication is more complex. Competitors are coming up with more products and increased sales promotion strategies. Customer s tastes and preference, life style and quality of life are changing. As the digital tide gat hers strength, it is remarkable that the press in print continues to be the media of preference for the majority of readers who want to remain informed. What makes newspaper different from other media is that presents news in more analytical manner. It can influence an d change people s lives and their societies. As far as print media is concerned, circulation is mostly considered as the yard stick of victory. People would always want news, but it should be packaged well accordin g to the changing needs of the society. Newspapers have to address all sections of the r eadership to stay in the business. In a literate state like Kerala, there is more room fo r the newspaper companies to grow, as the rural areas are largely untapped. Kerala Kau mudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and f earless views. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrodden masses in the society. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. To compete with fast emerging TV channels and internet journalism and with the competitor s strong sales and promotion strategies, Kerala Kaumudi has to come up with new plans and strategies. 73[Type text] 74[Type text] ORGANIZATION STUDY OF KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD, PETTAH A report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of Kerala University Submitted by JASEENA.J Roll No: MGT0905016 Under the guidance of Faculty guide Project guide Ms. AMBILI.G.S

VISAKH.M.S Faculty IMK Manager

H.R.

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN KERALA UNIVERSITY OF KERALA, SENATE CAMPUS THIRUVANANTHAPURAM July 2010 1[Type text] DECLARATION I declare that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, pettah submitted by me for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala is my own work. The report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree of this Univ ersity or any other University. Place: THIRUVANATHAPURAM JASEENA.J Date: Roll No: MGT0905016 2[Type text]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar professor and , Head of the Department, Institute Of Management In Kerala, University of Kerala, for inculcating me the correct spirit of mind through his valuable advice for doing the training. I hereby express my profound gratitude to Ms Ambili G.S, Faculty, IMK palayam, for her valuable guidance throughout the course of the study. My sincere thanks to Mr. M S Visakh, HR manager, Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd., f or his valuable cooperation and timely guidance, without which this Organization St udy would be an impossible one. My special thanks to Mr. S L Praveen, System Administrator for his valuable support throughout the study. Thanks are also due to Mr. Hari, the HR executive. Last but not least, I wish to express my heart felt thanks with pleasure to my parents and all my friends for their goodwill and constructive ideas which helpe d me a lot in bringing out this work successful.

EENA.J 905016

JAS MGT0

3[Type text] Contents SL. NO. TOPIC Page No. 1. Introduction Objectives of the study Scope of the study Methodology Limitation of the study Chapterisation 1 3 3 3 3 2. Industry profile 4 3. Company profile 10 4. Organizational Structure 16 5. Data Analysis PESTLE Analysis PORTER S Analysis SWOT Analysis 55 6. Findings 61 7. Suggestions 62 8. Conclusions 64 9. Bibliography 65 4[Type text] List of charts and diagrams Sl.No. Description Page No. 1 Organization Structure 16 2 Editorial Departmentdaily 21 3 Editorial-Flash 22 4 Editorial-Magazine 23 5 Production Department 25 6 DTP section 30 7 Space Marketing Department 35 8 Product marketing Department 39 9 Debtors management Department 43 10 Finance Department 45 11 HR Department 50 12 Systems Department 53 13 Porter s Five Force Model 58 5[Type text] Date .. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kera la Kaumudi (P) Ltd pettah submitted here is an bonafide record of the work done by Ms Jaseena.J under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree in Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala

and this work has not been submitted by her for the award of any other degree, diploma or title of recognition earlier. Director: Faculty Guide Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar M.sAmbiliG.S Professor and Head of Department Faculty IMK IMK 6[Type text] CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 7[Type text] Introduction A newspaper is regularly scheduled publication containing news, information and advertising. By 2007 there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 3 95 million copies a day. The worldwide recession of 2008, combined with the rapid growth of web-based alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers closed or sharply retrenched operations. General-int erest newspapers typically publish stories on local and national political events and personalities, crime, business, entertainment, society and sports. Most traditio nal papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor and columns that express the personal opinions of writers. Other features include di splay and classified advertising, comics, and inserts from local merchants. The newspa per is typically funded by paid subscriptions and advertising. A wide variety of materi al has been published in newspapers, including editorial opinions, criticism, persuasio n and op-eds ; obituaries; entertainment features such as crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes; weather news and forecasts; advice, food and other columns; reviews of movies, plays and restaurants; classified ads; display ads, editorial cartoons a nd comic strips. Newspaper and newspaper advertising has been the most important tool in shaping the growth and development of any society in the modern world. More than anything, they have been very instrumental in bridging the communication gap between people that contributes to the air of awareness in a society. Newspapers are an important media for spreading both national and international news. It plays crucial role in the society. The news paper industry in every country stands out as an influential body contributing to the development of the modern society by acting as one of the most potential platform for exchange of thoughts and opinions. One of the most crucial tasks of newspaper industry is its contribution towards the economi c and industrial development of a country through its assimilation of the people s voice . The Indian newspaper industry has passed various stages of evolution to reach

the status that it enjoys today - that of a leading press arena in the world. Th ere are hundreds of newspapers that reach out to the people of this vast country in enor mous 8[Type text] numbers every morning. A typical Indian, daily newspaper is the staple diet for a typical Indian, bringing him/her news from all over the globe. This organization study has been conducted in Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. Kerala Kaumudi, the greatest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the st ate and the country with editions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur , Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi is a Malayalam daily which provides truthful news. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd consists of all functional departments and thereby gets an idea about all departments. So an organization study was conducted at Kerala Kaumudi (P) L td with an aim of getting awareness of their functioning and final procedures of th at organization. 9[Type text] 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To identify the functions, duties, responsibilities and maintenance of each departments. 2. To verify how far the organization structure is successful in accomplishing t he objectives of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. 1.2 METHODOLOGY The study is primarily descriptive and analytical in nature. For conducting the study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected by observation and personal interviews with the managers and other staffs in the organization. Secondary data was collected from company records, previous studies conducted in the organization and company website. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study helps in bridging gap between the theory and practice of management. It offers great scope to Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd in some areas where they are considered weak. The scope of the study also extends to other media companies and future researchers. 1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 1. An in-depth study was not possible because the time limit was the main constraint. 2. Since Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, is a private sector company, access to some important information was restricted. This made some difficulties during the time of analysis. 10[Type text] 2.1 NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY When newspapers and magazines are combined, print is the world's larges t advertising medium. An increase in the newspaper sale has been witnessed in almo st all continents including Asia, Europe, Africa and South America except North

America, which registered a decline in the sales. Global newspaper sales rose 2. 3% in 2006, India grew 13 %. Advertising revenues in paid dailies had been found up 3 .77 per cent. China, Japan and India account for 60 of the world s 100 best-selling da ilies while the five largest markets for newspapers are China, India, Japan, the US an d Germany. 2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NEWSPAPERS IN INDIA Indian journalism on modern lives began in 1780 at Calcutta with the publication of Bengal Gazette by J.A. Hicky in England. This was followed by a number of periodicals in English; mostly for the benefit of English people in In dia. Vernacular journalism was slow on the uptake. Nevertheless, a number of periodic als, most of them short lived appeared in India, in latter half of 19 th century. Most of the vernacular journals owned their origin to the national consciousness awakened by the revolution of 1857 against British rule in India. Naturally the tone and the tem per displaced the British administration. The result was vernacular press act, 1878 which strictly controlled Indian papers. With the growth of national movement drastic press legislation followed one another such as the newspaper incitement Indian state a ct, 1922, official secrets act, 1923 and Indian states protection act, 1934 During t he second world war, when administrators wanted the cooperation of Indian people, a gentleman s agreement was concluded between the government and the press, which resulted in the press advisory committee at the entire states. This give press a consultative status. Before partition, Lahore was the hub of print media and almost all the newspapers of the United Punjab were published from there. After the holocaust partition, the press shifted to Jalander and stated afresh with limited means. W hen 11[Type text] India became independent, there was no longer any antagonism between the government and the people. The press was free to play an entirely new role. In M arch 1947, the government appointed a press laws enquiry committee as a result on whi ch the urbanism provision of co operation between the government and the press was inaugurated. Newspaper was published from all the starts and Union territories e xcept from Arunachal Pradesh and Lakshadweep. UP, claimed the top position with 3879 newspaper/ periodicals published from the states. The Indian print media consists of 36 centenarians. Newspapers were brought out in 93 languages and dialects. Apart from the sixteen principle languages, th e highest circulated newspaper Yomini Shim bun founded in 1874 of Japan which attained a figure of 14474573 on April 1, 1988. This has been achieved by totali ng the figures of editors published in various centers with a morning circulation of 50 17984. The bulkiest or the largest newspaper is the New York Times. Sunday edition date s in

1965 which had around 946 pages. Newspapers in 1990 are an interesting thing to watch. It is filled with information that ranges from cryogenic to cattle feeding, biotechnology to ladie s fashion to suit people in all walks of life. Newspapers have played an important role in public affairs throughout the world, whether it is in USA or in India or anyw here. Newspapers help citizen to these countries to know what is going on in their cou ntry and in rest of the world as well. The growing electronic media is catching the importance of newspaper. With the advent of satellite televisions the world has contracted to our fingertips. Even then the newspapers role will not be much cha nge. It will continue as a society s primary instrument for mass communication. In Indi a, newspapers are published in about 100 regional languages and dialects other than Hindi and English. Over the years, the number of dailies has steadily increased. Their number increased to 5638 in 2001 from 5364 in the previous year, i.e. by 5.11 pe r cent. The total circulation of daily newspaper was 5,78,44,236 in 2001. In 2001, The Hindu, an English daily, published from Chennai was the largest circulated single edition daily with claimed circulation of 9,37,222 followed by Hindustan times, English Daily, published from Delhi with a circulation of 9,09, 278. 12[Type text] Anand Bazar Patrika, Bengali daily, came third, whereas The Times of India, Engl ish daily, was fourth. With such a huge number of newspapers and such enormous circulation, the supply chain model for the newspaper industry is a challenge in itself. Moreover , due to the perishable nature of the product, its distribution needs all the more imp ortance. A newspaper industry consist five major functional areas include editorial, advertising, production, administration, and circulation. Editorial supplies the raw material, which is transformed to the finished product through printing. The marketing function is performed by advertising and management is done by administration. The key area of sales of the product is dealt by circulation. Th e distribution channel plays an important role in newspaper industry. Newspapers are those goods which are perishable to both the manufacturer and the customer. Newspaper companies cannot print the news sections of the newspaper in advance because of the requirement that news be timely. Additionall y, with the increase in commuting times, especially in the large, metropolitan mark ets, later delivery is also not entertained. Therefore, newspaper production or distr ibution is the problem of distributing highly perishable products under severe time constraints. The newspaper industry is becoming very competitive with the national players competing with the regional players. Newspaper is a perishable commodity and in order to cater to needs of the customer in various geographical locations , a newspaper has to publish from various locations. This helps in achieving a strat egic fit between the supply chain and customer needs.

The consumers are primarily looking for a national newspaper giving regional news as well. Consumers also demand faster response because of the perishable nature of the product. In order to economize on the costs of the supply chain, t he newspaper needs to have regional publication units with both national and region al news varieties in the same newspaper. 13[Type text] As has been shown by various studies, newspaper readers do not want to spend mor e on reading a newspaper. Thus an economy of scale is very important factor for a newspaper. Newspaper should achieve a critical mass of customers to achieve economies of scale. The main drivers of supply chain are inventory, transportati on facilities, and information. Newspapers are very important in many ways. They give us lots of information about various matters at various levels that are available anywhere. Though magazines and books also give lots of information, the scope of the news there is limited to a few selected topics. Television and internet connections w hile provide news faster than the newspapers, it cannot have the width, breadth and d epth of the newspapers and do not provide the comfort of the repeated references at o ur leisure and comfort apart from harming our eyes because of the glare and being t he source of health hazards because of radiations. 2.3 International Newspapers There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized as international newspapers. Some, such as Christian Science Monitor and The International Herald Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repac kaged national newspapers or international editions of national-scale or large metropoli tan newspapers. Often these international editions are scaled down to remove article s that might not interest the wider range of readers. As English has become the international language of business and technology, many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions. In place as varied as Jerusalem and Bombay (Mumbai), newspapers are printed to a local and international English-speaking public. The advent of the Internet has also allowed the non-English newspapers t o put out a scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach. 14[Type text] Features of a newspaper may include: Editorial opinions Comics strips and other entertainment, such as Crosswords, Sudoku and Horoscopes weather news and forecasts Advice, gossip, food and other columns Critical reviews of movies, plays, restaurants, etc. Classified ads While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialists still are some weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant, or the local gay community. 2.4 NEWS PAPER BUSINESS IN KERALA

Kerala has a rate of newspaper readership that is among the highest in the world. In Kerala, there are approximately 1576 newspapers in circulation! Among these, only a few newspapers are widely circulated with a good number of readers . 2.5 LEADING MALAYALAM NEWSPAPERS Malayala Manorama: First appeared on 14th March 1890, as a weekly, currently has a readership of over 15 million, with a circulation base of over 7.4 million copies.Manorama is Kerala's largest selling and most widely read newspaper. Mathrubhumi: The first copy of Mathrubhumi went to press on 18th of March 1923. Mathrubhumi today is the second most circulated newspaper in Kerala. It is publi shed from Calicut, Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Kannur, 15[Type text] Palakkad, Malappuram and Kollam besides from Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi It has a circulation of over 13 lakhs and its readership is around 75 lakhs. Des habhimani: A Malayalam newspaper run by Communist Party of India (Marxist). Started as a weekly in 1942 and converted to a daily in 1946. Deshabhimani now has six different editions: Kozhikode, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kannur, Kottayam and Trichur. Kerala Kaumudi: A popular Malayalam newspaper, founded in 1911. Published from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kannur in Kerala and Bangalore, Kerala Kaumudi is the fourth most circulated Malayalam daily. The pap er has online editions in Malayalam and English that are updated twice daily. Deepika: One of the oldest newspapers published in India. The first issue came out on 1887 April 15. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissu r, Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode Other dailies in circulation include Madhyamam, Thejas Mangalam, Janayugam, Varthamanam, Chandrika, Janmabhumi, Sirajdaily, and Grihasree. 16[Type text] Company Profile Kerala Kaumudi, the fastest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman, a man of letters and a teacher. He was also a reversed intellectual, social reformist and a true revolutionary in both letter and sprit. Under his inspiring leadership, Kerala Kaumudi has set high standards in journalism. Kerala Kaumudi shot into limelight following the Quit India Movement . The term Kaumudi implies moonlight that blossoms the water lily. In other words, Kerala Kaumudi enlightens the entire keralites. Truly speaking, Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Shri K Sukumaran became the embodiment of Kaumudi-the full moon in enlightening the masses in the moon balanced green of Kerala. This is an apt interpretation of Kerala Kaumudi. Because of its fearless unbiased editorials and relentless dedication, the term Kerala Kaumudi becomes immortal and permanently etched in the minds of common man. And it is precisely these qualities that prompted the nation to con fer on the founder Editor P Sukumaran, one of its highest civilian honours, the prestig

ious Padmabhushan. The Kerala Kaumudi legacy has been its constant pursuit for truth and unparalleled excellence in Journalism. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the state and the country with ed itions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur, Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Now Kerala Kaumudi is celebrating its 99 years of publicati on Pioneer 17[Type text] Kerala Kaumudi is the first newspaper to introduce Investigative Journalism under the dynamic leadership of its Founder-editor, Padmabhushan K Sukumaran. It was the first among the newspapers in Kerala to introduce new technologies like photo type setting, cable transmission and computerized accounting. It was also one among the first few news papers to launch an internet edition. CORPORATE OFFICE The registered office of the company named Kaumudi Buildings is located at Pettah , a developed part in Thiruvananthapuram city. It is the place where the administration of the company is being carried out. 3.1 VISION AND MISSION Shri C V Kunjuraman started Kerala Kaumudi as a weekly in 1911 with a vision to spread over the principles of Sreenarayana Guru. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and fearless views. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY 1. To carry on business of proprietors and publishers of news paper, journals, magazines, periodicals, books and pamphlets and other literary works and undertakings. 2. To understand and execute any trusts or to act as trustees or to do any other such act as may seen desirable or beneficial whether with or without consideration. 3. To establish, maintain and promote any agency or branch offices of the compan y in India or elsewhere and to regulate the same or discontinue the same. 4. To promote any other company or companies for the purpose of acquiring any privilege, concession, property or assets of any person, firm or undertakings or other rights and liabilities of such other company or companies or concerns or 18[Type text] business as the case may be as conductive to or beneficial for the purpose of th e company. 3.3 CIRCULATION AND READERSHIP Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash around 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships. 3.4 SHARE CAPITAL The authorized capital of the Company is Rs 30,00,000 (Thirty Lakhs) divided into 3000 Equity shares of Rs.1000 each. Shares shall be under the control of t he Directors who may issue, allot or dispose of same to such persons and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as they may think fit. The company may form time to time by ordinary resolution increase its share capital by such amount as it thinks expedient by issuing new shares of such amou

nts as it thinks fit. 3.5 GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY The Kerala Kaumudi has been working in profit ever since in its establishment. Profits are essential for the survival of the business. They co ver the risks and cost of staying in business. Profits maintain the revenue generating c apacity of the business. 3.6 RAW MATERIALS Materials constitute a significant part of cost of products. The important raw materials needed for the company are 1. News print 2. Ink 3. Plate 19[Type text] News print is allocated based on requirements of newspaper by Registrar of News papers of India, New Delhi and supplied mainly by STC of India. The STC supplies the imported news print Canadian, Russian etc. 3.7 SISTER CONCERNS 1. Kalakaumudi Printers and Publications 2. Ravi Printers and Publications Pvt Ltd 3. Kaumudi Investment Pvt Ltd 3.8 COMPETITORS TO KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Malayala Manorama 2. Mathrubhumi 3. Deshabhimani 4. Mangalam 5. Deepika 3.9 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COMPANY The specialty of Kerala Kaumudi Products is that they are offered at fair prices , which is affordable to the common man. Their contribution towards the developme nt of local community life is a notable one and it is working in public interest. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd has brought many sensitive news like Palmoil case, SSLC question paper leak out etc. Kerala Kaumudi has been obsessed with truth over 96 years. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with Forth right news and fearless views. Stresses on credibility and unbiased reporting , which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. Kerala Kaumudi s crusading journalism has made a class of its own in the lives of Malayalees. The newspaper s constant effort to safeguard the policy of communal reservation in Kerala is a shinning example Kerala Kaumudi s strong commitment to the welfare of the state. Kerala Kaumudi is the mastermind behind innumerable sc oop 20[Type text] stories, which demolished the ivory towers of many unparallel icons of Kerala politics. 3.10 FUTURE PLANS OF THE COMPANY The company is planning to start two media channels from 2011, the 100 th anniversary year, namely kaumudi news channel and kaumudi entertainment channel which will be launched from February 2011 most probably. The company has many plans for its future. More editions are to be launched in near future as part of Kerala Kaumudi s ambitious plan to expand its coverage to more areas. The company wants to impart some new equipments and machineries for speedy and smooth production. The company needs more efficient technicians and to

compete with others. The company wants to conduct training programmes for employees. The company wishes to provide more effective and efficient labor welfare facilities to its employees. It provides many employment opportunities. 3.11 PRODUCT PROFILE PRODUCTS OF KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Kerala Kaumudi publications 1. Kerala Kaumudi daily 2. Kerala Kaumudi Flash 3. Kerala Kaumudi weekly 4. Kerala Kaumudi Panchangam 5. Kerala Kaumudi Calendar 6. Kerala Kaumudi Onam special 7. Kerala Kaumudi Sabarimala Special 8. Career Directory 9. Sree Narayana Guru Directory 10. Magic Slate 21[Type text] 2. Kerala Kaumudi Communications Kerala Kaumudi Communications focuses on audio entertainment creations. The Kerala Kaumudi GEETH series compiles melodious mixes of old and new numbers sung by all-time favorite Malayalam singers. A group of musical experts careful ly select the combinations to ensure that each release is sensitized to suit the ta stes of a unique segment. 3. Kerala Kaumudi Events wing A team of eminent professional organizes, conducts, and concludes all kinds of promotional events with a touch of class. This wing also organizes variety of s hows, shoots; arrange sponsors and broadcasts stage events on leading Malayalam channe ls worldwide. 4. Online publications Kerala Kaumudi leaped into internet 1997 in their business in online publication s are a natural growth into cyber age of Kerala Kaumudi. Kerala Kaumudi internet division or cyber studio has emerged as one of the leading web publishers of Ker ala. 24 hour data updation is done here. It is the chief source of information for NR Is from Kerala. Kaumudi sites growth and success spring from their conscious awareness o f the huge expatriate malayalee population and their abiding interest in their hom e land. 1. www.keralakaumudi.com {Malayalam Daily) 2. www.kaumudi.com (English Daily) 3. www.kaumudijalakam.com (bilingual news magazine) 4. www.sundaykaumudi.com (web tabloid). 5. www.kaumudiclassifieds.net 6. www.kaumudiusa.com (the newest addition to Kerala Kaumudi galaxy of websites)-bilingual multicultural site 22[Type text] Kaumudiusa.com is an exclusive bilingual North American Malayali targeted site, kaumudi jalakam, an innovative Malayalam net weekly and Kaumudi online, a net-only English daily, have proved to be big draws with expatriate keralites. CHART NO.1 Organization Chart of Kerala Kaumudi 23 Managing Director or Joint Managing Director

Chairman/ Editor in Chief Board of Directors Chief General Manager Marketing director Corporate Administration Business Units Administration Corporate Heads Human Resource Management Production Head AGM (Marketing) Chief Manager (Finance & Accounts) Unit Chief Unit Manager Managing Editor Editorial Department Associate Editor Chief News Editor General Editor Chief Manager (Special Projects) General Manager Company secretary[Type text] The above organization chart provides a bird s eye-view of relationships between different departments or divisions of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. As far a s Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is concerned Chairman/ Managing Director is at the top of the Organization structure. Mr. M S Mani is the Chairman of the company. He als o holds the position of the Chief Editor of the company. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is a private sector company which is registered under Indian Companies Act, 1913. At present board of directors includes Shri M S Man i, Shri M S Madhusoodhan, Shri M S Sreenivasan, and Shri M S Ravi. Shri M S Sreenivasan is the present M.D and Joint Managing Director of the Company. Chief General Manager, Company Secretary and Managing Editor are directly controlled by the Managing Director. Smt Anju Sreenivasan is the Chief General Manager. Shri Deepu Ravi is the Managing Editor of the company. The Editorial Department is under the control of Managing Editor. Corporate Administration and Business unit administration wings are controlled by General Manager, Shri M K Karthikeyan. Corporate Heads include the corporate department heads of Kerala Kaumudi. The functional departments are Human Resource Management, Production department, Marketing Department, Finance and Accounts Department and Special Projects. Assistant General Manager (Marketing) controls Space Marketing Department, New Product Marketing department and Debtors Collection Management Department. 4.1 ADMINISTRATION Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd carries out its functions and manages its affairs through the following managerial personnel. 1. Board of Directors and Managing Director 2. Company Secretary 3. Chief General Manager 4. General Manager and Functional Managers 24[Type text] 5. Unit Chiefs POWER OF DIRECTORS: 1. To appoint and at their discretion remove or suspend such managers, secretaries, officers, clerks, agents and servants for permanents, temporary or

special services as they may from time to time think fit. 2. To appoint any person to accept and hold in trust for the company any property belonging to the company 3. To secure the fulfillment of any contract or engagements entered into by the company 4. To purchase or otherwise acquire for the company any property, rights or privileges which the company is authorized to acquire 5. To give receipts, releases and discharges on behalf of the company 6. To invest and deal with any moneys of the company not immediately required for the purpose of its business in such manner as they think fit. 7. To draw, accept, endorse and negotiate all such cheques, bills of exchange, drafts, promissory notes and government and other securities in connection with the business. 8. The vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors shall be filled up by the Board of Director who may fix the period for which such Director shall hold office Duties of General Manager 1. Leads the administration, marketing and circulation department. 2. Formulate a financial budget and planning in tune with the growth and stability of the organization. 3. Advise the top management on appropriate steps to be taken to make this a better organization so that each and every employee feels he is a valuable member in the organization and develop better a team concept for enabling him to contribute his best. 25[Type text] Functions of Company Secretary Company secretary is an officer of the company, who has certain responsibilities under the law and under any duties passed to him by the directors. The role of company secretary is administrative rather than managerial. The functions are.. 1. The company Secretary performs all duties that he is required to perform unde r the Companies Act. 2. He supplies required data to the company s advocates in connection with legal matters. 3. He is directly accountable to Board of Directors. Functions of Unit Chief 1. Head of unit task force 2. Formulates the task force decisions 3. Coordinates the activities of each unit 26[Type text] 4.2 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Editorial department is considered as the nucleus of every newspaper company. This department plays a major role of collecting the news till printing . Teams of experts are working in this department. Each page of the newspaper is drafted by separate group of people. The selection of news, the headlines and th e way of presentation are all done by the journalists. The life stories of an individu al is always presented in an inverted pyramid i.e., beginning from their death till th eir time of birth and the main source of this information is a well equipped library. As name implies the reporters, general public and correspondents bring the news. The cop y desk handles the general news and local desk handles the local news. The news bureau gathers the news and the news desk edit and proof reads according to the style book. There is a deadline for each news. The headings are given by the editors.

MOTTO OF KERALA KAUMUDI Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Company has an efficient news team. And its wide network is spread through out the country. It has 9 editions spreads over Kerala, Bangalore. The newspape r stresses on credibility and that is the only reason why Kaumudi is still a major player in the market. The Editorial Department is headed by the Chief Editor. Under him come Managing Editor, Executive Editor, Associate Editor, Deputy Editor and Chief New s Editor. Under them come the News Editors, Deputy News Editor, Chief Sub Editor, and Senior Sub Editors and Sub Editors. 27[Type text] CHART No.2 Structure of Editorial Department-daily 28 Chief Editor Managing Editor Executive Editor Associate Editor Chief News Editor Editorial Section Chief Sub Editor Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer[Type text] 29[Type text] CHART NO.3 Structure of Editorial Wing - Flash 30 Managing Editor General Editor Editor in-charge Chief Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor[Type text] CHART NO.4 Structure of Editorial wing - Magazine 4.1 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Chief Editor Chief Editor controls the functions of the editing and reporting sections. Edito rial

Policies of News paper are formulated by the Chief Editor. Executive Editor Executive editor is responsible for the execution of the policies formulated by the Chief Editor. He undertakes planning, administration and implementation of the policies in consultation with the Chief Editor. Associate Editor Associate Editor monitors both national and international news Chief News Editor 31 Managing Editor Sub editors Trainees [Type text] Works according to the policy of the management Gives orientation Gives suggestions for improvement to the Department Gives overall guidance News Editors News Editors edits general news / monitors television channels and internet. Sub editors Sub editors engage in news translation and editing activities 4.3 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The hierarchy of production department starts from editorial department. It wor ks in connection with DTP section and Circulation Department. Edited news from the editorial department reaches the DTP section through news editors. From DTP sec tion it is send to proof reading section then again to the DTP section then to the News Editor. He decides the intensity of the matter and he sets news in different pages. The news editor also decides upon the different size of caption used for different news. After the page transfer is done. 32[Type text] CHART NO.5 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Electrical Section Electrical section deals with repairing all electrical equipments, maintena nce of motors in order to avoid any break down during production. It is the duty of el ectrical engineers and electricians to make sure the uninterrupted power supply in the de partment. Mechanical Section Mechanical wing deals with the repair maintenance, preventive maintenance and shut down maintenance for machines. For this minimum numbers of persons employe d. 33 Editorial department Production Head Mechanical section Electrical section Print production Mechanical engineer Asst. mechanical engineer Fitters Electrician in charge

Asst. electrician Production manager Production superintendent Supervisors Foremen[Type text] They will try to solve any problem relating to the machines. Assistant Engineer assists the Mechanical Engineer for maintenance works. Fitters help the Assistant Engine er for doing maintenance work. They check and maintain the press in good condition. Print Production The basic function of production department in Kerala Kaumudi is printing newspapers. The printing of Kerala Kaumudi newspaper is undertaken by M/s. Ravi Printers and Publishers Private Limited. Printing is done in accordance with th e print order given to the foreman by the Circulation Department. Raw materials for prin ting are issued by the Materials Department. Printing of news paper is after 12.00a.m. P rinting of Flash begins at 11.45 and Magazine printing is on every Monday 3.00 p.m. The Print Production section mainly handles the following functions. Pasting Plate making Printing and Despatching RAW MATERIALS I. News print The size of newsprint is 70cm and 45 GSM (Gramage per square meter). As the GSM increases copies decreases and vice versa. The main supplier of newsprint Hindustan News print Ltd, Kottayam. Imported deluxe quality news print are Supplied by Pondar Global Ltd, New Delhi. Low qual ity, recycled news print is supplied by V.G.Paper and Boards Ltd, Udumalpet, Sarvalek shmi 34[Type text] Paper and Boards Ltd, Coimbatore and Vishnupriya Papers, Chennai. These newspri nts are used for the printing of inner pages. II. Ink Two types of inks are used for printing. a. Black ink: Suppliers of black ink are Shalimar Inks and Chemicals, Aluva an d Orient Inks, Kozhikodu b. Colour Ink: Suppliers of colour ink are Galilia Chemicals, Cochin M.R. Industries, Calicut. High quality ink which is used for printing advertisement columns are supplied by Coats Ink, Kalyan Marketing, Cochin. III. Plates Aluminum Plates are of three types: long, medium and short run. Long run plates are used for producing main pages in all editions. From a short-run plate 10,000 to 15,000 copies can be printed. These plates are procured from the dealers of TECHNOVA, Standard Missionary Sales Company, Patoor, Thiruvananthapuram and dealers of NIR AJ, News Graphics, Kottayam. The imported plate dealers are TOPAZ. IV. Chemicals Chemicals consumed are developers, universal wash, fountain solution, remover an d plate cleaner, Chemicals for film development-developer and fixer. V. Graphic Art film Usually films produced by Kodak and Agfa are used. Kodak films are supplied by

Trade Links Ltd, Cochin and Agfa films are supplied by Krishna Agencies, Cochin. VI. Laser printer films VII. Tracing paper 35[Type text] 4.4 PROCESS OF NEWS PRODUCTION Newspapers are usually printed on an off-white paper known as newsprint. Making of newspapers is called journalism. Much emphasis has been placed upon the accuracy and fairness of the journalist. The actual content of publications comes from two separate departments. The ads, whether they be what many refer to as "display" ads (the ones with the borders a round them) or "line" ads (the categorized listings of text ads usually found in the c lassified section) are sold and often produced by the Space Marketing Department. Everythi ng else--the news, features, columns, photos, and stock quotes--all of that comes f rom the editorial department and is referred to as "editorial content" or simply "editor ial". 1. SOURCES Agencies like PTI (Press Trust of India), UNI (United News India). Public Relations Department Political leaders Television/Internet Police Stations 2. REPORTING Reporting comprises a wide network and an efficient team of reporters. They repo rt the news in an unbiased manner. The reporting section is headed by Bureau Chief. Und er him comes the Special Correspondents, Senior Photographers, Photographers, Chief Reporters, Senior Reporters, Reporters and the Trainees. The Bureau is co nnected to the desk of editing section. The company has 42 local Bureaus. 3. NEWS STORY 36[Type text] Usually, the stories will run down columns two-and-a-sixteenth inches wide, with an eighth-inch blank space between the columns. And since ads often appear on the s ame pages as the editorial content, although it would make sense that the column wid th that editorial uses always matches up with what advertising defines as a column, occa sionally there are exceptions. 4. EDITING This section comprises of various desks: Local desk, Main desk, Feature desk, Sp orts desk and International desk. Here the selection, editing of news, selection of photographers, page layout, and coordination is carried out. Functions of Various Desks v Local Desk Local desk edits all local news. The desk is headed by Chief Sub Editor, and und er him comes the Senior Subeditor, Subeditors and Trainees. v Main Desk Main desk edits all general news, political news, science news, national news et

c. It is headed by the Chief main desk and under him comes the News Editor, Chief Editor, Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors and Trainees. v Feature Desk Feature desk edits the editorial page. It is headed by Resident Editor and under him comes Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors, and trainees. v Sports Desk Edits all sports news .It comprises of News Editor and Trainees. v International Desk 37[Type text] Edits all international news. Headed by Chief Sub Editor, under him comes Sub ed itor and Trainees. 4.5 DTP SECTION DTP is a part of the Editorial Department. DTP manager is the head of the DTP section. Pre press activities are under taken in this section. Adobe Page Maker 7.0 is the software used for pagination. The functions performed in the DTP section can be listed as follows: Firstly, the advertisement layout is setup with the requirements of advertisemen t coordinator by the operator. The remaining space on the newspaper is devoted for news. The data supplied from the desk is scanned and entered into the computers by the operators. Advertisement in the PDF format from the agencies and the photographers are entered into computers through scanners. CHART NO.6 Activities of DTP Section 38 Editorial Composing Proof section Page Layout Laser Print/ film Film pasting Plate making[Type text] Composing In DTP section, data entry of the matter handed over by the editorial section is undertaken. All the input materials such as photographic reflections, originals , nonphotographic pictures are converted into digital files and resized as per r equirement. Transmission Section transfers General pages to all editions through ISDN broadb and lines. Almost eighteen staffs are working in this section in 4 rotating shifts. Proof Section A miniature printout of A4 size will be send to editorial proof and advertisemen t proof section. Corrections are carried out after proof reading by the operators. Layout Then each page is made by the concerned desk chiefs with the support of operators. Matter is sorted again and page order is checked. Layout sheets are marked with vertical lines that correspond to the column widths of your publication, as well as horizontal markers that correspond to the units your newspaper uses to measure t

he height of the ad, usually inches or centimeters. Laser Print Output Black and white pages are printing in laser printer. Image Setting The matter pages containing four colours i.e. the primary colors, cyan, magenta, yellow and black composed in PageMaker are converted to Post script files or pd f format using Torrent v6.0 SP3 software. These files are transferred to Graphic Art fil ms using an imported Image setter machine, Scantext Othello . These graphic art films are processed in the machine Image Line . After taking final full sized printout of ea ch page on LP/ film, these will be handed over to the Production department. 39[Type text] Stripping Color negatives are stripped together for each page. A blue-line print is made from stripped-up negatives and is used to check image position before printing. Pasting The prints are pasted on the astronel sheet. Plate making The plate is produced by a photo chemical procedure. The astronel sheet is placed on an Aluminum sheet with a chemical coating and vacuum is applied on it. After this process it is exposed to an u.v .light of 3000 W for 85 seconds. When the p lates are exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs that allows an ink-receptive coatin g to be activated. This results in the transfer of the image from the negative to the pl ate. Each of the primary colors -- black, cyan (blue), magenta (red), and yellow -- has a sep arate plate. The light passes through the non-image area and it is developed by using a devel oper. Then gum is applied on the plate to avoid oxidation. The next step after plate m aking is the printing. Printing Offset lithography is the workhorse of printing. Almost every commercial printer does it. The paper is fed through the press as one continuous stream pulled from rolls of paper. Each roll can weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (1 ton) Web presses print at very high speeds and use very large sheets of paper. Even when a 1-ton roll of paper runs out, the presses do not stop rolling. The press has to maintain a constant balance be tween the force required to move the paper forward and the amount of backpressure (resista nce) that allows the paper to remain tight and flat while traveling through the equip ment. 40[Type text] Offset process Ink and water do not mix -- this is the underlying principle of offset lithograp hy. The ink is distributed to the plates through a series of rollers. On the press, the plates are dampened, first by water rollers, then by ink rollers. The rollers distribute th e ink from the ink fountain onto the plates. The image area of the plate picks up ink from

the ink rollers. The water rollers keep the ink off of the non-image areas of the plate. Each plate then transfers its image to a rubber blanket that in turn transfers the image to the paper. This process is shown in the following figure. The plate itself does not actuall y touch the paper -- thus the term "offset" lithography. All of this occurs at an extremely high speed. The quality of the final product is often due to the guidance, expertise and equipment provided by the printer. Print quality is checked frequently by the pr ess operator. Bindery The bindery is where the printed product is completed. The huge rolls of nowprin ted paper are cut and put together so that the pages fall in the correct order. These printed news papers are manually collected, counted and packed into bundles as p er the requirement of the agents and attaches a slip containing number, number of news papers enclosed etc. Dispatching These bundles are sent through different routes to various destinations or dropping points. Just before reaching the ultimate consumers or readers, the ne wspaper bundles are collected by the concerned agents at the dropping points. They in t urn take the newspaper to the readers. 41[Type text] 4.6 SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT Marketing department deals with the space marketing of classified advertisements and display of its publications. Advertisements have been a major source of revenue for the newspapers and periodicals. Most newspapers make nearly all their money from advertising. The portion of the newspaper that is not advertising is called edi torial content. Every ad the Company sell will need to conform to the column widths of the newspaper. The width of every newspaper page can be broken down into columns of equal size. How wide a column can be seen by looking at how the editorial copy f lows on a page. Usually in the case of news paper 60% of space in it is meant for news a nd 40% of space is meant for advertisement. FUNCTIONS Planning, analyzing and implementation of advertising activities. Monitoring advertisement collection activities. Coordinating the activities relate with publication of regular and periodical supplements. Coordinating the activities of the field executives both inside and outside Kera la. Research and development activities to update with changes in the industry. Arranging periodical get together of advertisement agencies and regular clients. Conducting periodical training programs for Marketing Executives. 42[Type text] CHART NO.7 STRUCTURE OF SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT- Flash & Morning Daily 43

Hari Asst Manager Debtors Mgmt Receivables team Assistant General Manager Manager Corporate Operations Manager Debtors Mgmt Manager Flash Corporate Asst Manager Corporate Commn. AAM DTP Office Asst.Cross Checking Office Asst.Voucher Billing Dispatch RM South RM North RM Central A/c s Executive Bill wise Posting A/c s Officer Billing AM Weekly Unit Advertisement Managers Marketing Executives Customer care executives Proof Reader 1 Proof Reader 2 Proof Reader 3 DTP Staff 2 DTP Staff 1[Type text] DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Assistant General Manager AGM is directly accountable to GM. AGM is the head of Space Marketing Department & Product Marketing Department Plans, analyses and implement the entire activities in these departments. Member of corporate task force. Coordinates the entire department. Manager Corporate Operations Weekly and monthly evaluation of all units advt head. Coordinating the Billing Activities of all units. Settlement of requirements of all unit advt departments Involved in the work of corporate advt materials like rate cards proposals etc. Unit wise communications Dealing with corporate clients and agencies Asst. Manager daily Looks after all the activities connecting to advt. dept Controls the space marketing activities of Trivandrum unit (billing, collection and office administration) Planning meetings, Follow-up units of customer along with executives, Monitoring the executives , Collection monitoring, Bureau monitoring, 44 Hari[Type text] Conducting evaluation meeting on daily basis Asst. Advertisement Manager DTP Act as liaison between DTP and Advertisement Ensuring of scheduled ads to be carried in daily basis Ensuring timely settlement of ad matters to be present in Daily

 Coordinating the entire activity for ad placing in Daily Customer care executives: handle the clients and explain the schemes and service s to them. Office Asst: carries out the cross verification of advertisements before dispatc h, bills the advertisements as per the prescribed rates (see appendix) and sends these to the clients. Sources of Advertisements 1. Marketing Executives 2. Government Organization 3. Stringers 4. Advertising Agencies Types of advertisements in Kerala Kaumudi 1. Classified Advertisements: Classified advertisements will be shown in one line or three like accommodation wanted or available, change of name, thanks giving etc. 2. Matrimonial Advertisements: It is a kind of classified advertisement. Ads lik e bride, groom wanted etc are matrimonial advertisements. 45[Type text] 3. Ear panel Advertisement: The advertisement is shown on the top position in the front page on the left or both sides. This is an important source of income for the newspaper. 4. Display Advertisement: Display advertisement will be shown with in a box on any page of the news paper. The advertisement is usually given in two or more lines or quarter page or half page or full page .This is also a high income sour ce for the daily. Special Position Advertisement 1. Solus advertisement In the case of solus advertisement only particular advertisement is shown on the front page and all other advertisements are avoided. For this advertisement, the customer has to pay a high charge for covering opportunity cost. 2. Strip advertisement In the lower half of the front page there is only one advertisement is allo wed. Here also the advertiser compensates the opportunity cost. 4.7 PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT The Product Marketing Department takes care of everything after the newspaper is printed. This department is responsible for encouraging people to start or keep reading the publication Kerala Kaumudi is having fourth position in circulation. The fir st, second 46[Type text] and third positions are held by Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi and Deshabhimani. Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash aroun d 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships Product Marketing Department is concerned with promoting the news paper there by increasing its circulation. It is a source of revenue for the newspaper. It is mainly concerned with distribution and collection of amounts from the agents. FUNCTIONS Strengthening agency network Boost up circulation Creating awareness Increase in demand

 Supply Market research Product Improvement CHART NO. 8 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT- FLASH & DAILY 47 Asst General Manager Chief Circulation Manager Manager Corporate Operations Manager Corporate Operations Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives Daily FLAS H Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives[Type text] Chief Circulation Manger is the head of Circulation department both for Morning daily and Flash. He is directly accountable to AGM. He plans and implements the circulation strategies for daily and flash. He identifies the weak areas of cir culation and formulates competitive promotional techniques. Managers Corporate Operations of daily and flash coordinates directs and controls the circulation activities of all the three zones viz: North, mid and s outh. Circulation Manager checks the circulation figures. He should coordinate Assistant circulation managers of all units. Morning daily and Flash Circulation Manager is assisted by Assistant Circulation Manager of all units. Under them come the S ales officer, Field Inspector, Promoters and Agents. The Assistant Manager is directl y accountable to the circulation manager. His main duties are Collection of cash f rom agents using field promoters. Circulation inspector inspects the promoters and enhances the circulation activi ty. Promoters canvas the potential buyers. They resolve agents issue; collect from agents and resolves issue between agents and subscribers. Price of Kerala Kaumudi Dailies Morning daily: Price is Rs.4.00 and on Sundays the price is Rs.4.50 48[Type text] Flash: Price is Rs.3 Schemes for subscription 5 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.7272, Amount to pay is Rs.6500, Saving is Rs. 772 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calen dar for 5years 3 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs. 4363. Customer has to pay

Rs.3900 only and he can save Rs. 463. Including free gifts-onam special panchang am and calendar for 3years 2 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.2909 Amount to pay is Rs.2650, Saving is Rs. 259 Including free gifts-onam special panchangam and cale ndar for 2years 1 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.1454 Amount to pay is Rs.1350 Saving is Rs. 104 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calend ar for 1year Publishers of commercial news papers strive for higher circulation so that advertising in their newspaper becomes more effective allowing the newspaper to attract more advertisers and to charge more for the service. BUSINESS BENEFIT SCHEME 49[Type text] As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.3695 Amount to pay is Rs.2000 Saving is Rs. 1695 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calendar for 1year. In addition to 1 year subscription business firms will also get 5x2/10x1 size black & white split edition free display advertisement. KAUMUDI CENTENARY SBS CENTENARY SBS- 1 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 5016 the amount to be paid is 2500/- savings is Rs 2516. It includes 1year newspaper 1year weekly and 5x2 cm c olour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS- 3 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 8549/- the amount to be pa id is 5500/- savings is Rs 3049. It includes 3years newspaper 3years weekly and 5x2 cm colour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS-5 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs12082 the amount to be paid is 8250/- savings is Rs 3832/- It includes 5years newspaper 5years weekly and 5x2 c m colour free display advertisement. 4.8 DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Debtors Management Department is a part of Marketing Department. The main purpo se of this department is to Streamline and make the debt collection activities effi cient. This department works in connection with the Space Marketing Department and Product Marketing Department 50[Type text] CHART NO. 9. STRUCTURE OF DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPT. FUNCTIONS 1. Know the customer (before and during relationship) Credit check and monitor 51 Product Marketing Dept Space Marketing Dept

Assistant General Manager Debtor manager Asst. Manager Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Collection executives Collection executives[Type text] Request additional financial information from customer Gain intelligence from others in the sector about the customer s payment record. 2. Define credit limit setting process Use criteria to determine whether to grant credit to a customer formalize a procedure to establish customer credit limits. Also put in place a periodic rev iew procedure. Once a credit limit is established only increase limit for a customer by followi ng the same formal procedure as when the limit was established in the first place. 3. Synchronize the actions and attitudes of the sales and credit control teams. Maintain a common policy within the company when dealing with debtors 4. Consider other forms of security or credit insurance Using financial instrume nts to get paid, Inland Letters of Credit/Bills of Exchange. 5. Ensure the production of timely and accurate management information. Understand what is happening in our Business Environment Monthly management of figures to include aged debtor listings and weekly, monthly review of overdue debtors 6. Assertive debt collection policy Formalize a graduated sequence of letters/telephone calls 4.9 FINANCE DEPARTMENT Finance department controls the overall transactions of the company. Kerala Kaumudi has 11 editions spread over Kerala, Bangalore, Mumbai and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi has a centralized accounting system. All these units have to generate t heir own funds through circulation, advertisement and other sources. The generated funds are deposited to their respective bank account (Federal Bank) because the units have no 52[Type text] authority to utilize these funds. Cheque sanctioning process is carried out at c orporate office at Thiruvananthapuram with the approval and signature of MD & Director CHART NO.10 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE/ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT 53 Finance Manager Accounts Manager/Officer Corporate Accounts Head Flash Morning daily Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units

Accounts Assistant Clerks Flash Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) A/c Supervisor General A/c (Corporate) Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate )) Head of Finance/Account Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Accounts Assistant Clerks A/c Supervisor General A/c All units Morning daily Accounts Asst. Clerks Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Asst. Clerks Accounts Asst. Clerks[Type text] FUNCTIONS In every month, the corporate office will sanction Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 20,000 in advance as an imprest to all units for meeting their day-to-day expenses. At the end of the month each unit will be sending their petty vouchers to corporate office for ava iling credit to their imprest account. COST CONTROL Kerala Kaumudi is following different cost control measures. Cost control aims a t reducing inefficiencies and wastage and setting up pre determined cost and in ac hieving them. Cost control is comparing of actual performance with the standards or targ ets and taking corrective action if any deviation is occurred. BUDGETS Kerala Kaumudi is following flexible budget. Flexible budget is one which is designed to change in accordance with the level of activity actually attained. I

t provides 54[Type text] budgeted cost at different levels of activities. It is prepared after making an intelligent classification of all expense between fixed, semi variable and variable because the usefulness of such a budget depends upon the accuracy with which the expenses ca n be classified. In Kerala Kaumudi most of the accounting and technical matters are such as inventory control, production planning and control through linear programming, p ay roll accounting, sales accounting, budgetary control and standard costing are compute rized. DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES FINANCE MANAGER Member of corporate task force. Accountable to GM. To give overall guidance to the functioning of the department. To maintain the finance information system like Financial Analysis, Profit and loss account analysis, Cash flow analysis, Inventory management, Budget preparation and Project evaluation. ACCOUNTS MANAGER To coordinate all functions of Accounts department. To supervise maintenance of cash books, ledger, journal etc. To fulfill statutory requirements like TDS return filing, Advance tax payments, Sales tax return filing, Fringe benefits tax, RNI return filing HEAD OF THE FINANCE /ACCOUNTS ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION To perform the functions and duties of unit chief in the absence of unit chief. To exercise the role of chief executive officer of a unit, next to unit chief. 55[Type text] EXECUTIVE FUNCTION To advice the unit chief unit manager and task force in financial matters. To forecast and estimate the financial requirements of units and to formulate sh ort term and long term plans, budgets, targets, standards etc. To meet the financial requirements in time, raise funds from appropriate outside sources and schedule the repayment. To prepare monthly profit & loss A/c and to compare the actual with the financia l plans/target and to take control measures. To monitor the collection of debts to ensure 100% collection. To ensure optimum use of resources to reduce cost of production. To perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the corporate finance head/top management. INCIDENTAL FINANCE FUNCTION Supervision of cash receipts and disbursement. Proper custody and safeguarding important and valuable papers. Record keeping and reporting. Cash management and credit management. Assist internal auditors/inspectors assigned by CTF members/corporate finance head. Verify documentary evidence in support of a transaction. Exercise reasonable care and skill performing duties. Disclose full and fair information to the UTF and CTF. Awareness of financial position as on date. To ensure proper sequence of work to detect errors and frauds. 56[Type text] Attend training and learning programmes and keep up to date in the area of

accountancy, finance and general business conditions. ACCOUNTS ASSISTANT Undertake various reconciliation works. Ledger scrutiny on monthly basis. Preparation of monthly Profit & loss A/cs CIRCULATION ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Monitoring billing and collection activities. Sanctioning of credit adjustments. Monthly closing of ledgers. Preparation of agents control accounts. ADVERTISEMENT ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Book adjustments entry Monitoring billing and payment activities. Prepare MRV (Monthly Return Verification) statement. CLERKS Voucher entry preparation Filing vouchers and its cross verification Preparation of receipts Prepare all working papers and notes made. Dispatch of bills 4.10 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 57[Type text] The management of Man is a very important and challenging job; important because it is job, not of managing men , but of administering a social system. Human Resource Management involves procedures and practices through which human resources are organized and directed towards the attainment of the individual, social and orga nizational goals. Policy of HR Department The policy of HR Department is to render effective administrative support to the organization both at corporate level and unit level in a systematic and scientif ic manner with special emphasis on human resource development and training with the laid d own quality policy of the organization. CHART NO.11 Structure of HR Department 58 General Manager Human Resource Manager Executive (HR) Front Office Executive Office Assistants Drivers Telephone Operators Security Officer Clerk/Typist House Keeping Canteen Dispatch Supervisor[Type text] Functions HR manger is responsible for the management of the employees of both Kerala Kaum udi and Ravi Printers and publishers. The main functions of HR department include: Employment and placement Recruitment, selection and placement as per the manpower requirements of the company are the most important functions of HR Dept. Training

It is the responsibility of HR Department to impart Training and development to employees both at corporate and Units whenever required. The training programme s for employees include induction, on the job training for non managerial staffs, off the job training for managerial staffs. Wage and salary administration Compensation to employees is fixed as per the Wage rates fixed by the wage board s. 1. Proper allocation of work 2. Developing and maintaining motivation for work Performance appraisal 59[Type text] Employee health, safety and welfare services Kerala Kaumudi has a hazard free working environment. No accident has been repo rted in the past years. The welfare schemes include both Statutory and Non statutory schemes. Statutory welfare schemes consists ESI, PF, EDLI, Profession tax and labor welfa re fund. Non Statutory schemes includes Canteen facility (subsidized rate), Vehicle allow ance, LTA (leave travel allowance), Kerala Kaumudi recreation club, Kerala Kaumudi employee s cooperative society, Kerala Kaumudi employee s welfare forum, Mobile allowance, Conveyance allowance, Medical allowance and City compensatory allowan ce. I. Administering employee turnover and conducting exit interviews Employee turn over rate in the previous year was 7%. In some cases exit intervie ws are conducted. II. Industry relations Maintenance of healthy and peaceful labor-management relations is the responsibi lity of the HR Dept. This includes grievance handling, maintenance of discipline etc. III. Trade Union The existing trade union in the company is AITUC. Trade union is given managemen t participation mainly in the areas of recruitment, termination, employee linked i nsurance etc. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 60[Type text] HR Manager is responsible for the overall administration of front office, House Keeping, Drivers, Dispatch, Telephone operators and security officers ? Front Office Executive attends visitors and informs the concerned person. She keeps attendance register of head office staff. ? House Keeping staffs are responsible for the good maintenance of office ? Dispatch section staffs are assigned to send courier from the corporate office and prompt maintenance of dispatch register. 61[Type text] 4.11 SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Kerala Kaumudi started to implement computerization from 1998 onwards. Since 200 6 they have been developing their own ERP (Enterprises Resource Planning) package. System Department handles maintenance of hardware and development and maintenanc e Software. As a part of boosting the implementation of MIS, the works on developi

ng systems technologies is improving. CHART NO.12

Structure of system department Duties & Responsibilities System Engineer He is directly accountable to GM. Network administration. System assembling. Maintenance of network connectivity and data communication. System engineer Asst. System Engineer Programmer Hardware System executives 62[Type text] Hardware & system software maintenance. Asst. System Engineer Developing, testing and implementing required application package. Trouble shooting and upgrading installed application packages. Provide training to staffs on the newly installing packages. The recent achievements of systems departments include: Decentralized work Fast collection and payment of bills Fast and comprehensive generation of MIS reports as per the requirements of top management. The computer network system of Kerala Kaumudi includes around 100 machines and 3 servers. One server is for newspaper and for flash, one is for all period icals and other one is for software. The operating system used in servers is Linux and in client system is Windows. Since 2006 system department has been engaging in the development of in house ERP package (in Visual Basic) which is named as PRESS SOFT. The customization of circulation module has already completed. The works on the customization of advertisement, accounting, inventory and HR are in progress . 63[Type text] 5.1 PEST ANALYSIS A scan of the external macro environment in which the firm operates can be expre ssed in terms of the following factors: 1. Political 2. Economic 3. Social 4. Technological 5. Legal 6. Environmental The acronym PESTLE is used to describe a framework for the analysis of these mac ro environmental factors. A PESTLE analysis fits into an overall environmental scan . I. Political factors Political factors include Government regulations and legal issues and definite b oth formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. Some examples include: Tax policy The company is liable to all taxes imposed by Government and to the Kerala VAT. It is a source of income for our Govt. Employee Laws

 Environment regulations Trade restrictions and tariffs Political stability 64[Type text] Political factors won t affect media much. Kerala Kaumudi is not facing any proble ms related to political factors. II. Economic factors Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firm s cost of capital. The following are example of factors in the macro economy: Economic growth Interest rates Exchange rates Inflation rate Media is the only firm which will not get affected by any recession, global fina ncial crisis etc. It was not hit by recession III. Social factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macr o environment. These factors affect customer s needs and the size of potential marke ts. Some social factors include: Health consciousness Population growth Age distribution Career attitudes Emphasis on safety The company is trying to focus on the Ezhava Community and urging them to become a loyal customer 65[Type text] IV. Technological factors Some technological factors include: R&D activity Automation Technology incentives Kerala Kaumudi doesn t have a R&D department. The company has to bring in more efforts to technological updation in order to withstand the tight competition V. Legal Factors The company is registered under the companies Act and complies with all rules an d legal regulations as laid down by the statutes. VI. Environmental Factors The company has no environmental problems as it doesn t produce any hazardous wast es. 5.2 Porter s Five Forces Model The PORTER S models are: Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Competitive Rivalry between existing players Porter s model is one of the structured ways in which the i ndustry environment is analyzed. He says that the stronger each of these forces is, the more 66[Type text] difficult it will be for the company to raise prices and make more profits. A st

rong force is equivalent to a threat; a weak force is equivalent to an opportunity. It is u pto the operations strategy formulators to recognize the opportunities and the threats a s they arise and design an appropriate strategic response from the operations function. As it is a dynamic world, the strength of each of the competitive forces can change over ti me due to factors external to (ie, beyond the control) of the company. The force of bar gaining power of suppliers can be lessened by removing the bargaining bit. This is done by means of single sourcing and by placing tremendous emphasis upon vendor development. The threat of substitute products can be minimized by providing a variety in the fir st place. This requires an appropriate manufacturing strategic response through a cost con scious yet flexible system of manufacturing. The risk of entry of potential competitors can be reduced through making / providing a quality product or service as the customer desires at an affordable price. Also a wider range of product variety and timely service s could be provided. Bargaining power of buyers can be reduced through building long standi ng relationships between the two companies, through an atmosphere of transparency a nd through a dedicated service orientation. Operations strategy and consequent acti on can be built around these organizational necessities. CHART NO.13 RISK OF ENTRY BY POTENTIAL COMPETITORS BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS rivalry among established firms 67[Type text] 5.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF KERALA KAUMUDI In SWOT analysis, Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. \STRENGTH Credibility of news and unbiased reporting style Good reputation Financial stability Approach of investigative journalism Units spread all over Kerala with adequate printing facilities Able, dedicated and specialized workforce. Good Brand image Group harmony WEAKNESSES Falling circulation lead

 Administration lacks a professional touch. Lacks a strong mission and fails to establish time bound goals for each departme nt clearly. Absence of some core departments like R&D and Advertisement threat of substitute products 68[Type text] Absence of effective sales promotion and advertisement strategies. Narrow product line. Weak societal marketing. Resistance to change. Lacks anticipative marketing. OPPORTUNITES Untapped market segments like children, unemployed youth, teenage, job seekers, farmers, Children etc. A potential market of literate but unsubscribed to any newspaper. Diversification of business into TV channels and mobile portals. Print outsourcing. THREATS Fast changing printing technology Competitor s strong sales and marketing strategies. Fast growing Cable and satellite TV Penetration of Internet media, with no restriction of subscription charges. Unstable newsprint cost. Fast changing life style of people 69[Type text] 6.1 FINDINGS 1. Though the company is facing tough competition, comparing to its production facilities of all units and its strong public image, it has more scope in the ma rket. Company has to frame more Marketing and sales promotion strategies. 2. Comparing to competitor s products Kerala Kaumudi s coverage of national, international, business and sports news is less. 3. The company is facing a tough competition. Its main publication, daily newspaper s position in the market is fluctuating. Till 2005, it was the third largest circulated daily. In 2006, the position came down to fourth, and from 2007 it is continuing in fifth position. Financial statements from 2001-08 shows that, Comparing to previous years newspaper revenue has declined. Flash continues as No.1 mid day daily in the market. 4. Each department performs their routine work well, but these department s activities are not well coordinated to a time bound mission. 5. Company lacks a good R &D department 6. Circulation Department has limited subscription plans. 7. For print production, chemicals have been used to remove the non-image emulsion, but now plates are available that do not require chemical processing. 8. HR department is maintaining good industrial relations. HR dept needs more systematic approaches to make its main functions viz. recruitment & selection, performance management, and training procedures more efficient. 9. Editorial Department lacks adequate automation and modernization. Space Marketing Department requires more office equipments and communication facilities. 70[Type text] 6.2 SUGGESTIONS 1. When the daily s circulation lead is falling, it is the time to analyze where t he marketing efforts has failed. To establish circulation lead, more innovative and analytic approach is needed. Implementation of strategies like TQM will improve the

quality of the organization s processes, products, services through continuous improvement in all senses. 2. Increase the coverage of news. More national, international, business and spo rts news must be included. Increase the number of pages through value added news but without any increase in product price. The additional cost would be compensated by operational efficiency and increase in the ratio of advertisement to editorial. 3. Company has to frame more Market Communication Strategies. More market penetration strategies are also to be framed. Give advertisements in media havin g highest reach to the target market. The effectiveness of advertisement must be conducted periodically. 4. I suggest implementing Management by Objectives (MBO) as absence of clear cut objectives leaves unclear standards by which to evaluate the individual as well as organizational achievements. Establish challenging yet realistic goals in accord ance with the overall company mission. All departments are to translate it into time bound goals and to implement it. 5. I suggest introducing two designations: R&D Manager and Manager responsible f or the overall planning and implementation of marketing communication of Kerala Kaumudi products. An efficient research and development team which consists of all department heads and unit managers must be coordinated under the guidance of R&D Manager. Future plan must be chalked out through brain storming sessions. 71[Type text] Research, develop and launch innovative and value added products quickly and within the budget and through operational efficiency. 6. In addition to the existing subscription plans, introduce short-term and flex ible subscription plans. 7. Establish and maintain circulation lead by satisfying customer needs better th an the competitors through value added products - that would be the motto of product marketing department. 8. The company needs an anticipative marketing approach. Ensure and encourage participation of all members in distribution channel in the framing and implementation of marketing plans. 9. Kerala Kaumudi has to go at a fast pace towards the implementation of modern production technologies. Now plates are available that do not require chemical processing The development of the digital plate setter in the late twentieth cen tury eliminated film negatives altogether by exposing printing plates directly from d igital input, a process known as computer to plate printing. 10. HR department must encourage and develop an organization culture where innov ative ideas are freely exchanged. 11. Company is admitting project works of professional students from reputed universities. Admit and coordinate these studies in a fruitful manner. Admissio ns should be on the basis of analysis of resume and interview. 72[Type text] 6.3 CONCLUSION India s experienced and diverse press is in robust growth mode. We must ensure that it preserves its elements, its values and its soul. Media has a strong role in nationbuilding. Today s communication is more complex. Competitors are coming up with

more products and increased sales promotion strategies. Customer s tastes and preference, life style and quality of life are changing. As the digital tide gat hers strength, it is remarkable that the press in print continues to be the media of preference for the majority of readers who want to remain informed. What makes newspaper different from other media is that presents news in more analytical manner. It can influence an d change people s lives and their societies. As far as print media is concerned, circulation is mostly considered as the yard stick of victory. People would always want news, but it should be packaged well accordin g to the changing needs of the society. Newspapers have to address all sections of the r eadership to stay in the business. In a literate state like Kerala, there is more room fo r the newspaper companies to grow, as the rural areas are largely untapped. Kerala Kau mudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and f earless views. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrodden masses in the society. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. To compete with fast emerging TV channels and internet journalism and with the competitor s strong sales and promotion strategies, Kerala Kaumudi has to come up with new plans and strategies. 73[Type text] 74[Type text] ORGANIZATION STUDY OF KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD, PETTAH A report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of Kerala University Submitted by JASEENA.J Roll No: MGT0905016 Under the guidance of Faculty guide Project guide Ms. AMBILI.G.S VISAKH.M.S Faculty IMK Manager

H.R.

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN KERALA UNIVERSITY OF KERALA, SENATE CAMPUS THIRUVANANTHAPURAM July 2010 1[Type text] DECLARATION I declare that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, pettah submitted by me for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala is my own work.

The report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree of this Univ ersity or any other University. Place: THIRUVANATHAPURAM JASEENA.J Date: Roll No: MGT0905016 2[Type text]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar professor and , Head of the Department, Institute Of Management In Kerala, University of Kerala, for inculcating me the correct spirit of mind through his valuable advice for doing the training. I hereby express my profound gratitude to Ms Ambili G.S, Faculty, IMK palayam, for her valuable guidance throughout the course of the study. My sincere thanks to Mr. M S Visakh, HR manager, Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd., f or his valuable cooperation and timely guidance, without which this Organization St udy would be an impossible one. My special thanks to Mr. S L Praveen, System Administrator for his valuable support throughout the study. Thanks are also due to Mr. Hari, the HR executive. Last but not least, I wish to express my heart felt thanks with pleasure to my parents and all my friends for their goodwill and constructive ideas which helpe d me a lot in bringing out this work successful.

EENA.J 905016 3[Type text] SL. NO. 1. Introduction Objectives of the study Scope of the study Methodology Limitation of the study Chapterisation 1 3 3 3 3

JAS MGT0

Contents TOPIC Page No.

2. 3. 4. 5.

55 6. Findings 61 7. Suggestions 62 8. Conclusions 64 9. Bibliography 65 4[Type text] List of charts and diagrams Sl.No. Description Page No. 1 Organization Structure 16 2 Editorial Departmentdaily 21 3 Editorial-Flash 22 4 Editorial-Magazine 23 5 Production Department 25 6 DTP section 30 7 Space Marketing Department 35 8 Product marketing Department 39 9 Debtors management Department 43 10 Finance Department 45 11 HR Department 50 12 Systems Department 53 13 Porter s Five Force Model 58 5[Type text] Date .. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kera la Kaumudi (P) Ltd pettah submitted here is an bonafide record of the work done by Ms Jaseena.J under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree in Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala and this work has not been submitted by her for the award of any other degree, diploma or title of recognition earlier. Director: Faculty Guide Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar M.sAmbiliG.S Professor and Head of Department Faculty IMK IMK 6[Type text] CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

Industry profile 4 Company profile 10 Organizational Structure 16 Data Analysis PESTLE Analysis PORTER S Analysis SWOT Analysis

7[Type text] Introduction A newspaper is regularly scheduled publication containing news, information and advertising. By 2007 there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 3 95 million copies a day. The worldwide recession of 2008, combined with the rapid growth of web-based alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers closed or sharply retrenched operations. General-int erest newspapers typically publish stories on local and national political events and personalities, crime, business, entertainment, society and sports. Most traditio nal papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor and columns that express the personal opinions of writers. Other features include di splay and classified advertising, comics, and inserts from local merchants. The newspa per is typically funded by paid subscriptions and advertising. A wide variety of materi al has been published in newspapers, including editorial opinions, criticism, persuasio n and op-eds ; obituaries; entertainment features such as crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes; weather news and forecasts; advice, food and other columns; reviews of movies, plays and restaurants; classified ads; display ads, editorial cartoons a nd comic strips. Newspaper and newspaper advertising has been the most important tool in shaping the growth and development of any society in the modern world. More than anything, they have been very instrumental in bridging the communication gap between people that contributes to the air of awareness in a society. Newspapers are an important media for spreading both national and international news. It plays crucial role in the society. The news paper industry in every country stands out as an influential body contributing to the development of the modern society by acting as one of the most potential platform for exchange of thoughts and opinions. One of the most crucial tasks of newspaper industry is its contribution towards the economi c and industrial development of a country through its assimilation of the people s voice . The Indian newspaper industry has passed various stages of evolution to reach the status that it enjoys today - that of a leading press arena in the world. Th ere are hundreds of newspapers that reach out to the people of this vast country in enor mous 8[Type text] numbers every morning. A typical Indian, daily newspaper is the staple diet for a typical Indian, bringing him/her news from all over the globe. This organization study has been conducted in Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. Kerala Kaumudi, the greatest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the st ate and the country with editions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur , Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi is a Malayalam daily which provides truthful news. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd consists of all functional departments and thereby gets an idea about all departments. So an organization study was conducted at Kerala Kaumudi (P) L td with an aim of getting awareness of their functioning and final procedures of th at organization. 9[Type text] 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To identify the functions, duties, responsibilities and maintenance of each departments. 2. To verify how far the organization structure is successful in accomplishing t he objectives of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. 1.2 METHODOLOGY The study is primarily descriptive and analytical in nature. For conducting the study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected by observation and personal interviews with the managers and other staffs in the organization. Secondary data was collected from company records, previous studies conducted in the organization and company website. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study helps in bridging gap between the theory and practice of management. It offers great scope to Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd in some areas where they are considered weak. The scope of the study also extends to other media companies and future researchers. 1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 1. An in-depth study was not possible because the time limit was the main constraint. 2. Since Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, is a private sector company, access to some important information was restricted. This made some difficulties during the time of analysis. 10[Type text] 2.1 NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY When newspapers and magazines are combined, print is the world's larges t advertising medium. An increase in the newspaper sale has been witnessed in almo st all continents including Asia, Europe, Africa and South America except North America, which registered a decline in the sales. Global newspaper sales rose 2. 3% in 2006, India grew 13 %. Advertising revenues in paid dailies had been found up 3 .77 per cent. China, Japan and India account for 60 of the world s 100 best-selling da ilies while the five largest markets for newspapers are China, India, Japan, the US an d Germany. 2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NEWSPAPERS IN INDIA Indian journalism on modern lives began in 1780 at Calcutta with the publication of Bengal Gazette by J.A. Hicky in England. This was followed by a number of periodicals in English; mostly for the benefit of English people in In dia. Vernacular journalism was slow on the uptake. Nevertheless, a number of periodic

als, most of them short lived appeared in India, in latter half of 19 th century. Most of the vernacular journals owned their origin to the national consciousness awakened by the revolution of 1857 against British rule in India. Naturally the tone and the tem per displaced the British administration. The result was vernacular press act, 1878 which strictly controlled Indian papers. With the growth of national movement drastic press legislation followed one another such as the newspaper incitement Indian state a ct, 1922, official secrets act, 1923 and Indian states protection act, 1934 During t he second world war, when administrators wanted the cooperation of Indian people, a gentleman s agreement was concluded between the government and the press, which resulted in the press advisory committee at the entire states. This give press a consultative status. Before partition, Lahore was the hub of print media and almost all the newspapers of the United Punjab were published from there. After the holocaust partition, the press shifted to Jalander and stated afresh with limited means. W hen 11[Type text] India became independent, there was no longer any antagonism between the government and the people. The press was free to play an entirely new role. In M arch 1947, the government appointed a press laws enquiry committee as a result on whi ch the urbanism provision of co operation between the government and the press was inaugurated. Newspaper was published from all the starts and Union territories e xcept from Arunachal Pradesh and Lakshadweep. UP, claimed the top position with 3879 newspaper/ periodicals published from the states. The Indian print media consists of 36 centenarians. Newspapers were brought out in 93 languages and dialects. Apart from the sixteen principle languages, th e highest circulated newspaper Yomini Shim bun founded in 1874 of Japan which attained a figure of 14474573 on April 1, 1988. This has been achieved by totali ng the figures of editors published in various centers with a morning circulation of 50 17984. The bulkiest or the largest newspaper is the New York Times. Sunday edition date s in 1965 which had around 946 pages. Newspapers in 1990 are an interesting thing to watch. It is filled with information that ranges from cryogenic to cattle feeding, biotechnology to ladie s fashion to suit people in all walks of life. Newspapers have played an important role in public affairs throughout the world, whether it is in USA or in India or anyw here. Newspapers help citizen to these countries to know what is going on in their cou ntry and in rest of the world as well. The growing electronic media is catching the importance of newspaper. With the advent of satellite televisions the world has contracted to our fingertips. Even then the newspapers role will not be much cha nge. It will continue as a society s primary instrument for mass communication. In Indi

a, newspapers are published in about 100 regional languages and dialects other than Hindi and English. Over the years, the number of dailies has steadily increased. Their number increased to 5638 in 2001 from 5364 in the previous year, i.e. by 5.11 pe r cent. The total circulation of daily newspaper was 5,78,44,236 in 2001. In 2001, The Hindu, an English daily, published from Chennai was the largest circulated single edition daily with claimed circulation of 9,37,222 followed by Hindustan times, English Daily, published from Delhi with a circulation of 9,09, 278. 12[Type text] Anand Bazar Patrika, Bengali daily, came third, whereas The Times of India, Engl ish daily, was fourth. With such a huge number of newspapers and such enormous circulation, the supply chain model for the newspaper industry is a challenge in itself. Moreover , due to the perishable nature of the product, its distribution needs all the more imp ortance. A newspaper industry consist five major functional areas include editorial, advertising, production, administration, and circulation. Editorial supplies the raw material, which is transformed to the finished product through printing. The marketing function is performed by advertising and management is done by administration. The key area of sales of the product is dealt by circulation. Th e distribution channel plays an important role in newspaper industry. Newspapers are those goods which are perishable to both the manufacturer and the customer. Newspaper companies cannot print the news sections of the newspaper in advance because of the requirement that news be timely. Additionall y, with the increase in commuting times, especially in the large, metropolitan mark ets, later delivery is also not entertained. Therefore, newspaper production or distr ibution is the problem of distributing highly perishable products under severe time constraints. The newspaper industry is becoming very competitive with the national players competing with the regional players. Newspaper is a perishable commodity and in order to cater to needs of the customer in various geographical locations , a newspaper has to publish from various locations. This helps in achieving a strat egic fit between the supply chain and customer needs. The consumers are primarily looking for a national newspaper giving regional news as well. Consumers also demand faster response because of the perishable nature of the product. In order to economize on the costs of the supply chain, t he newspaper needs to have regional publication units with both national and region al news varieties in the same newspaper. 13[Type text] As has been shown by various studies, newspaper readers do not want to spend mor e on reading a newspaper. Thus an economy of scale is very important factor for a newspaper. Newspaper should achieve a critical mass of customers to achieve economies of scale. The main drivers of supply chain are inventory, transportati on facilities, and information.

Newspapers are very important in many ways. They give us lots of information about various matters at various levels that are available anywhere. Though magazines and books also give lots of information, the scope of the news there is limited to a few selected topics. Television and internet connections w hile provide news faster than the newspapers, it cannot have the width, breadth and d epth of the newspapers and do not provide the comfort of the repeated references at o ur leisure and comfort apart from harming our eyes because of the glare and being t he source of health hazards because of radiations. 2.3 International Newspapers There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized as international newspapers. Some, such as Christian Science Monitor and The International Herald Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repac kaged national newspapers or international editions of national-scale or large metropoli tan newspapers. Often these international editions are scaled down to remove article s that might not interest the wider range of readers. As English has become the international language of business and technology, many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions. In place as varied as Jerusalem and Bombay (Mumbai), newspapers are printed to a local and international English-speaking public. The advent of the Internet has also allowed the non-English newspapers t o put out a scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach. 14[Type text] Features of a newspaper may include: Editorial opinions Comics strips and other entertainment, such as Crosswords, Sudoku and Horoscopes weather news and forecasts Advice, gossip, food and other columns Critical reviews of movies, plays, restaurants, etc. Classified ads While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialists still are some weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant, or the local gay community. 2.4 NEWS PAPER BUSINESS IN KERALA Kerala has a rate of newspaper readership that is among the highest in the world. In Kerala, there are approximately 1576 newspapers in circulation! Among these, only a few newspapers are widely circulated with a good number of readers . 2.5 LEADING MALAYALAM NEWSPAPERS Malayala Manorama: First appeared on 14th March 1890, as a weekly, currently has a readership of over 15 million, with a circulation base of over 7.4 million copies.Manorama is Kerala's largest selling and most widely read newspaper. Mathrubhumi: The first copy of Mathrubhumi went to press on 18th of March 1923. Mathrubhumi today is the second most circulated newspaper in Kerala. It is publi shed from Calicut, Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Kannur, 15[Type text]

Palakkad, Malappuram and Kollam besides from Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi It has a circulation of over 13 lakhs and its readership is around 75 lakhs. Des habhimani: A Malayalam newspaper run by Communist Party of India (Marxist). Started as a weekly in 1942 and converted to a daily in 1946. Deshabhimani now has six different editions: Kozhikode, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kannur, Kottayam and Trichur. Kerala Kaumudi: A popular Malayalam newspaper, founded in 1911. Published from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kannur in Kerala and Bangalore, Kerala Kaumudi is the fourth most circulated Malayalam daily. The pap er has online editions in Malayalam and English that are updated twice daily. Deepika: One of the oldest newspapers published in India. The first issue came out on 1887 April 15. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissu r, Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode Other dailies in circulation include Madhyamam, Thejas Mangalam, Janayugam, Varthamanam, Chandrika, Janmabhumi, Sirajdaily, and Grihasree. 16[Type text] Company Profile Kerala Kaumudi, the fastest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman, a man of letters and a teacher. He was also a reversed intellectual, social reformist and a true revolutionary in both letter and sprit. Under his inspiring leadership, Kerala Kaumudi has set high standards in journalism. Kerala Kaumudi shot into limelight following the Quit India Movement . The term Kaumudi implies moonlight that blossoms the water lily. In other words, Kerala Kaumudi enlightens the entire keralites. Truly speaking, Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Shri K Sukumaran became the embodiment of Kaumudi-the full moon in enlightening the masses in the moon balanced green of Kerala. This is an apt interpretation of Kerala Kaumudi. Because of its fearless unbiased editorials and relentless dedication, the term Kerala Kaumudi becomes immortal and permanently etched in the minds of common man. And it is precisely these qualities that prompted the nation to con fer on the founder Editor P Sukumaran, one of its highest civilian honours, the prestig ious Padmabhushan. The Kerala Kaumudi legacy has been its constant pursuit for truth and unparalleled excellence in Journalism. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the state and the country with ed itions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur, Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Now Kerala Kaumudi is celebrating its 99 years of publicati on Pioneer 17[Type text] Kerala Kaumudi is the first newspaper to introduce Investigative Journalism

under the dynamic leadership of its Founder-editor, Padmabhushan K Sukumaran. It was the first among the newspapers in Kerala to introduce new technologies like photo type setting, cable transmission and computerized accounting. It was also one among the first few news papers to launch an internet edition. CORPORATE OFFICE The registered office of the company named Kaumudi Buildings is located at Pettah , a developed part in Thiruvananthapuram city. It is the place where the administration of the company is being carried out. 3.1 VISION AND MISSION Shri C V Kunjuraman started Kerala Kaumudi as a weekly in 1911 with a vision to spread over the principles of Sreenarayana Guru. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and fearless views. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY 1. To carry on business of proprietors and publishers of news paper, journals, magazines, periodicals, books and pamphlets and other literary works and undertakings. 2. To understand and execute any trusts or to act as trustees or to do any other such act as may seen desirable or beneficial whether with or without consideration. 3. To establish, maintain and promote any agency or branch offices of the compan y in India or elsewhere and to regulate the same or discontinue the same. 4. To promote any other company or companies for the purpose of acquiring any privilege, concession, property or assets of any person, firm or undertakings or other rights and liabilities of such other company or companies or concerns or 18[Type text] business as the case may be as conductive to or beneficial for the purpose of th e company. 3.3 CIRCULATION AND READERSHIP Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash around 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships. 3.4 SHARE CAPITAL The authorized capital of the Company is Rs 30,00,000 (Thirty Lakhs) divided into 3000 Equity shares of Rs.1000 each. Shares shall be under the control of t he Directors who may issue, allot or dispose of same to such persons and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as they may think fit. The company may form time to time by ordinary resolution increase its share capital by such amount as it thinks expedient by issuing new shares of such amou nts as it thinks fit. 3.5 GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY The Kerala Kaumudi has been working in profit ever since in its establishment. Profits are essential for the survival of the business. They co ver the risks and cost of staying in business. Profits maintain the revenue generating c apacity of the business. 3.6 RAW MATERIALS Materials constitute a significant part of cost of products. The important raw materials needed for the company are 1. News print 2. Ink 3. Plate

19[Type text] News print is allocated based on requirements of newspaper by Registrar of News papers of India, New Delhi and supplied mainly by STC of India. The STC supplies the imported news print Canadian, Russian etc. 3.7 SISTER CONCERNS 1. Kalakaumudi Printers and Publications 2. Ravi Printers and Publications Pvt Ltd 3. Kaumudi Investment Pvt Ltd 3.8 COMPETITORS TO KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Malayala Manorama 2. Mathrubhumi 3. Deshabhimani 4. Mangalam 5. Deepika 3.9 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COMPANY The specialty of Kerala Kaumudi Products is that they are offered at fair prices , which is affordable to the common man. Their contribution towards the developme nt of local community life is a notable one and it is working in public interest. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd has brought many sensitive news like Palmoil case, SSLC question paper leak out etc. Kerala Kaumudi has been obsessed with truth over 96 years. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with Forth right news and fearless views. Stresses on credibility and unbiased reporting , which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. Kerala Kaumudi s crusading journalism has made a class of its own in the lives of Malayalees. The newspaper s constant effort to safeguard the policy of communal reservation in Kerala is a shinning example Kerala Kaumudi s strong commitment to the welfare of the state. Kerala Kaumudi is the mastermind behind innumerable sc oop 20[Type text] stories, which demolished the ivory towers of many unparallel icons of Kerala politics. 3.10 FUTURE PLANS OF THE COMPANY The company is planning to start two media channels from 2011, the 100 th anniversary year, namely kaumudi news channel and kaumudi entertainment channel which will be launched from February 2011 most probably. The company has many plans for its future. More editions are to be launched in near future as part of Kerala Kaumudi s ambitious plan to expand its coverage to more areas. The company wants to impart some new equipments and machineries for speedy and smooth production. The company needs more efficient technicians and to compete with others. The company wants to conduct training programmes for employees. The company wishes to provide more effective and efficient labor welfare facilities to its employees. It provides many employment opportunities. 3.11 PRODUCT PROFILE PRODUCTS OF KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Kerala Kaumudi publications 1. Kerala Kaumudi daily 2. Kerala Kaumudi Flash 3. Kerala Kaumudi weekly 4. Kerala Kaumudi Panchangam 5. Kerala Kaumudi Calendar 6. Kerala Kaumudi Onam special 7. Kerala Kaumudi Sabarimala Special 8. Career Directory

9. Sree Narayana Guru Directory 10. Magic Slate 21[Type text] 2. Kerala Kaumudi Communications Kerala Kaumudi Communications focuses on audio entertainment creations. The Kerala Kaumudi GEETH series compiles melodious mixes of old and new numbers sung by all-time favorite Malayalam singers. A group of musical experts careful ly select the combinations to ensure that each release is sensitized to suit the ta stes of a unique segment. 3. Kerala Kaumudi Events wing A team of eminent professional organizes, conducts, and concludes all kinds of promotional events with a touch of class. This wing also organizes variety of s hows, shoots; arrange sponsors and broadcasts stage events on leading Malayalam channe ls worldwide. 4. Online publications Kerala Kaumudi leaped into internet 1997 in their business in online publication s are a natural growth into cyber age of Kerala Kaumudi. Kerala Kaumudi internet division or cyber studio has emerged as one of the leading web publishers of Ker ala. 24 hour data updation is done here. It is the chief source of information for NR Is from Kerala. Kaumudi sites growth and success spring from their conscious awareness o f the huge expatriate malayalee population and their abiding interest in their hom e land. 1. www.keralakaumudi.com {Malayalam Daily) 2. www.kaumudi.com (English Daily) 3. www.kaumudijalakam.com (bilingual news magazine) 4. www.sundaykaumudi.com (web tabloid). 5. www.kaumudiclassifieds.net 6. www.kaumudiusa.com (the newest addition to Kerala Kaumudi galaxy of websites)-bilingual multicultural site 22[Type text] Kaumudiusa.com is an exclusive bilingual North American Malayali targeted site, kaumudi jalakam, an innovative Malayalam net weekly and Kaumudi online, a net-only English daily, have proved to be big draws with expatriate keralites. CHART NO.1 Organization Chart of Kerala Kaumudi 23 Managing Director or Joint Managing Director Chairman/ Editor in Chief Board of Directors Chief General Manager Marketing director Corporate Administration Business Units Administration Corporate Heads Human Resource Management Production Head AGM (Marketing) Chief Manager (Finance & Accounts) Unit Chief Unit Manager Managing Editor

Editorial Department Associate Editor Chief News Editor General Editor Chief Manager (Special Projects) General Manager Company secretary[Type text] The above organization chart provides a bird s eye-view of relationships between different departments or divisions of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. As far a s Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is concerned Chairman/ Managing Director is at the top of the Organization structure. Mr. M S Mani is the Chairman of the company. He als o holds the position of the Chief Editor of the company. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is a private sector company which is registered under Indian Companies Act, 1913. At present board of directors includes Shri M S Man i, Shri M S Madhusoodhan, Shri M S Sreenivasan, and Shri M S Ravi. Shri M S Sreenivasan is the present M.D and Joint Managing Director of the Company. Chief General Manager, Company Secretary and Managing Editor are directly controlled by the Managing Director. Smt Anju Sreenivasan is the Chief General Manager. Shri Deepu Ravi is the Managing Editor of the company. The Editorial Department is under the control of Managing Editor. Corporate Administration and Business unit administration wings are controlled by General Manager, Shri M K Karthikeyan. Corporate Heads include the corporate department heads of Kerala Kaumudi. The functional departments are Human Resource Management, Production department, Marketing Department, Finance and Accounts Department and Special Projects. Assistant General Manager (Marketing) controls Space Marketing Department, New Product Marketing department and Debtors Collection Management Department. 4.1 ADMINISTRATION Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd carries out its functions and manages its affairs through the following managerial personnel. 1. Board of Directors and Managing Director 2. Company Secretary 3. Chief General Manager 4. General Manager and Functional Managers 24[Type text] 5. Unit Chiefs POWER OF DIRECTORS: 1. To appoint and at their discretion remove or suspend such managers, secretaries, officers, clerks, agents and servants for permanents, temporary or special services as they may from time to time think fit. 2. To appoint any person to accept and hold in trust for the company any property belonging to the company 3. To secure the fulfillment of any contract or engagements entered into by the company 4. To purchase or otherwise acquire for the company any property, rights or privileges which the company is authorized to acquire 5. To give receipts, releases and discharges on behalf of the company 6. To invest and deal with any moneys of the company not immediately required for the purpose of its business in such manner as they think fit. 7. To draw, accept, endorse and negotiate all such cheques, bills of exchange, drafts, promissory notes and government and other securities in connection with the business. 8. The vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors shall be filled up by the Board of Director who may fix the period for which such Director shall hold

office Duties of General Manager 1. Leads the administration, marketing and circulation department. 2. Formulate a financial budget and planning in tune with the growth and stability of the organization. 3. Advise the top management on appropriate steps to be taken to make this a better organization so that each and every employee feels he is a valuable member in the organization and develop better a team concept for enabling him to contribute his best. 25[Type text] Functions of Company Secretary Company secretary is an officer of the company, who has certain responsibilities under the law and under any duties passed to him by the directors. The role of company secretary is administrative rather than managerial. The functions are.. 1. The company Secretary performs all duties that he is required to perform unde r the Companies Act. 2. He supplies required data to the company s advocates in connection with legal matters. 3. He is directly accountable to Board of Directors. Functions of Unit Chief 1. Head of unit task force 2. Formulates the task force decisions 3. Coordinates the activities of each unit 26[Type text] 4.2 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Editorial department is considered as the nucleus of every newspaper company. This department plays a major role of collecting the news till printing . Teams of experts are working in this department. Each page of the newspaper is drafted by separate group of people. The selection of news, the headlines and th e way of presentation are all done by the journalists. The life stories of an individu al is always presented in an inverted pyramid i.e., beginning from their death till th eir time of birth and the main source of this information is a well equipped library. As name implies the reporters, general public and correspondents bring the news. The cop y desk handles the general news and local desk handles the local news. The news bureau gathers the news and the news desk edit and proof reads according to the style book. There is a deadline for each news. The headings are given by the editors. MOTTO OF KERALA KAUMUDI Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Company has an efficient news team. And its wide network is spread through out the country. It has 9 editions spreads over Kerala, Bangalore. The newspape r stresses on credibility and that is the only reason why Kaumudi is still a major player in the market. The Editorial Department is headed by the Chief Editor. Under him come Managing Editor, Executive Editor, Associate Editor, Deputy Editor and Chief New s Editor. Under them come the News Editors, Deputy News Editor, Chief Sub Editor, and Senior Sub Editors and Sub Editors. 27[Type text]

CHART No.2 Structure of Editorial Department-daily 28 Chief Editor Managing Editor Executive Editor Associate Editor Chief News Editor Editorial Section Chief Sub Editor Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer[Type text] 29[Type text] CHART NO.3 Structure of Editorial Wing - Flash 30 Managing Editor General Editor Editor in-charge Chief Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor[Type text] CHART NO.4 Structure of Editorial wing - Magazine 4.1 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Chief Editor Chief Editor controls the functions of the editing and reporting sections. Edito rial Policies of News paper are formulated by the Chief Editor. Executive Editor Executive editor is responsible for the execution of the policies formulated by the Chief Editor. He undertakes planning, administration and implementation of the policies in consultation with the Chief Editor. Associate Editor Associate Editor monitors both national and international news Chief News Editor 31 Managing Editor Sub editors Trainees [Type text] Works according to the policy of the management

 Gives orientation Gives suggestions for improvement to the Department Gives overall guidance News Editors News Editors edits general news / monitors television channels and internet. Sub editors Sub editors engage in news translation and editing activities 4.3 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The hierarchy of production department starts from editorial department. It wor ks in connection with DTP section and Circulation Department. Edited news from the editorial department reaches the DTP section through news editors. From DTP sec tion it is send to proof reading section then again to the DTP section then to the News Editor. He decides the intensity of the matter and he sets news in different pages. The news editor also decides upon the different size of caption used for different news. After the page transfer is done. 32[Type text] CHART NO.5 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Electrical Section Electrical section deals with repairing all electrical equipments, maintena nce of motors in order to avoid any break down during production. It is the duty of el ectrical engineers and electricians to make sure the uninterrupted power supply in the de partment. Mechanical Section Mechanical wing deals with the repair maintenance, preventive maintenance and shut down maintenance for machines. For this minimum numbers of persons employe d. 33 Editorial department Production Head Mechanical section Electrical section Print production Mechanical engineer Asst. mechanical engineer Fitters Electrician in charge Asst. electrician Production manager Production superintendent Supervisors Foremen[Type text] They will try to solve any problem relating to the machines. Assistant Engineer assists the Mechanical Engineer for maintenance works. Fitters help the Assistant Engine er for doing maintenance work. They check and maintain the press in good condition. Print Production The basic function of production department in Kerala Kaumudi is printing newspapers. The printing of Kerala Kaumudi newspaper is undertaken by M/s. Ravi Printers and Publishers Private Limited. Printing is done in accordance with th e print

order given to the foreman by the Circulation Department. Raw materials for prin ting are issued by the Materials Department. Printing of news paper is after 12.00a.m. P rinting of Flash begins at 11.45 and Magazine printing is on every Monday 3.00 p.m. The Print Production section mainly handles the following functions. Pasting Plate making Printing and Despatching RAW MATERIALS I. News print The size of newsprint is 70cm and 45 GSM (Gramage per square meter). As the GSM increases copies decreases and vice versa. The main supplier of newsprint Hindustan News print Ltd, Kottayam. Imported deluxe quality news print are Supplied by Pondar Global Ltd, New Delhi. Low qual ity, recycled news print is supplied by V.G.Paper and Boards Ltd, Udumalpet, Sarvalek shmi 34[Type text] Paper and Boards Ltd, Coimbatore and Vishnupriya Papers, Chennai. These newspri nts are used for the printing of inner pages. II. Ink Two types of inks are used for printing. a. Black ink: Suppliers of black ink are Shalimar Inks and Chemicals, Aluva an d Orient Inks, Kozhikodu b. Colour Ink: Suppliers of colour ink are Galilia Chemicals, Cochin M.R. Industries, Calicut. High quality ink which is used for printing advertisement columns are supplied by Coats Ink, Kalyan Marketing, Cochin. III. Plates Aluminum Plates are of three types: long, medium and short run. Long run plates are used for producing main pages in all editions. From a short-run plate 10,000 to 15,000 copies can be printed. These plates are procured from the dealers of TECHNOVA, Standard Missionary Sales Company, Patoor, Thiruvananthapuram and dealers of NIR AJ, News Graphics, Kottayam. The imported plate dealers are TOPAZ. IV. Chemicals Chemicals consumed are developers, universal wash, fountain solution, remover an d plate cleaner, Chemicals for film development-developer and fixer. V. Graphic Art film Usually films produced by Kodak and Agfa are used. Kodak films are supplied by Trade Links Ltd, Cochin and Agfa films are supplied by Krishna Agencies, Cochin. VI. Laser printer films VII. Tracing paper 35[Type text] 4.4 PROCESS OF NEWS PRODUCTION Newspapers are usually printed on an off-white paper known as newsprint. Making of newspapers is called journalism. Much emphasis has been placed upon the accuracy and fairness of the journalist. The actual content of publications comes from two separate departments. The ads, whether they be what many refer to as "display" ads (the ones with the borders a round them) or "line" ads (the categorized listings of text ads usually found in the c

lassified section) are sold and often produced by the Space Marketing Department. Everythi ng else--the news, features, columns, photos, and stock quotes--all of that comes f rom the editorial department and is referred to as "editorial content" or simply "editor ial". 1. SOURCES Agencies like PTI (Press Trust of India), UNI (United News India). Public Relations Department Political leaders Television/Internet Police Stations 2. REPORTING Reporting comprises a wide network and an efficient team of reporters. They repo rt the news in an unbiased manner. The reporting section is headed by Bureau Chief. Und er him comes the Special Correspondents, Senior Photographers, Photographers, Chief Reporters, Senior Reporters, Reporters and the Trainees. The Bureau is co nnected to the desk of editing section. The company has 42 local Bureaus. 3. NEWS STORY 36[Type text] Usually, the stories will run down columns two-and-a-sixteenth inches wide, with an eighth-inch blank space between the columns. And since ads often appear on the s ame pages as the editorial content, although it would make sense that the column wid th that editorial uses always matches up with what advertising defines as a column, occa sionally there are exceptions. 4. EDITING This section comprises of various desks: Local desk, Main desk, Feature desk, Sp orts desk and International desk. Here the selection, editing of news, selection of photographers, page layout, and coordination is carried out. Functions of Various Desks v Local Desk Local desk edits all local news. The desk is headed by Chief Sub Editor, and und er him comes the Senior Subeditor, Subeditors and Trainees. v Main Desk Main desk edits all general news, political news, science news, national news et c. It is headed by the Chief main desk and under him comes the News Editor, Chief Editor, Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors and Trainees. v Feature Desk Feature desk edits the editorial page. It is headed by Resident Editor and under him comes Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors, and trainees. v Sports Desk Edits all sports news .It comprises of News Editor and Trainees. v International Desk 37[Type text] Edits all international news. Headed by Chief Sub Editor, under him comes Sub ed itor and Trainees. 4.5 DTP SECTION

DTP is a part of the Editorial Department. DTP manager is the head of the DTP section. Pre press activities are under taken in this section. Adobe Page Maker 7.0 is the software used for pagination. The functions performed in the DTP section can be listed as follows: Firstly, the advertisement layout is setup with the requirements of advertisemen t coordinator by the operator. The remaining space on the newspaper is devoted for news. The data supplied from the desk is scanned and entered into the computers by the operators. Advertisement in the PDF format from the agencies and the photographers are entered into computers through scanners. CHART NO.6 Activities of DTP Section 38 Editorial Composing Proof section Page Layout Laser Print/ film Film pasting Plate making[Type text] Composing In DTP section, data entry of the matter handed over by the editorial section is undertaken. All the input materials such as photographic reflections, originals , nonphotographic pictures are converted into digital files and resized as per r equirement. Transmission Section transfers General pages to all editions through ISDN broadb and lines. Almost eighteen staffs are working in this section in 4 rotating shifts. Proof Section A miniature printout of A4 size will be send to editorial proof and advertisemen t proof section. Corrections are carried out after proof reading by the operators. Layout Then each page is made by the concerned desk chiefs with the support of operators. Matter is sorted again and page order is checked. Layout sheets are marked with vertical lines that correspond to the column widths of your publication, as well as horizontal markers that correspond to the units your newspaper uses to measure t he height of the ad, usually inches or centimeters. Laser Print Output Black and white pages are printing in laser printer. Image Setting The matter pages containing four colours i.e. the primary colors, cyan, magenta, yellow and black composed in PageMaker are converted to Post script files or pd f format using Torrent v6.0 SP3 software. These files are transferred to Graphic Art fil ms using an imported Image setter machine, Scantext Othello . These graphic art films are processed in the machine Image Line . After taking final full sized printout of ea ch page on LP/ film, these will be handed over to the Production department. 39[Type text]

Stripping Color negatives are stripped together for each page. A blue-line print is made from stripped-up negatives and is used to check image position before printing. Pasting The prints are pasted on the astronel sheet. Plate making The plate is produced by a photo chemical procedure. The astronel sheet is placed on an Aluminum sheet with a chemical coating and vacuum is applied on it. After this process it is exposed to an u.v .light of 3000 W for 85 seconds. When the p lates are exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs that allows an ink-receptive coatin g to be activated. This results in the transfer of the image from the negative to the pl ate. Each of the primary colors -- black, cyan (blue), magenta (red), and yellow -- has a sep arate plate. The light passes through the non-image area and it is developed by using a devel oper. Then gum is applied on the plate to avoid oxidation. The next step after plate m aking is the printing. Printing Offset lithography is the workhorse of printing. Almost every commercial printer does it. The paper is fed through the press as one continuous stream pulled from rolls of paper. Each roll can weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (1 ton) Web presses print at very high speeds and use very large sheets of paper. Even when a 1-ton roll of paper runs out, the presses do not stop rolling. The press has to maintain a constant balance be tween the force required to move the paper forward and the amount of backpressure (resista nce) that allows the paper to remain tight and flat while traveling through the equip ment. 40[Type text] Offset process Ink and water do not mix -- this is the underlying principle of offset lithograp hy. The ink is distributed to the plates through a series of rollers. On the press, the plates are dampened, first by water rollers, then by ink rollers. The rollers distribute th e ink from the ink fountain onto the plates. The image area of the plate picks up ink from the ink rollers. The water rollers keep the ink off of the non-image areas of the plate. Each plate then transfers its image to a rubber blanket that in turn transfers the image to the paper. This process is shown in the following figure. The plate itself does not actuall y touch the paper -- thus the term "offset" lithography. All of this occurs at an extremely high speed. The quality of the final product is often due to the guidance, expertise and equipment provided by the printer. Print quality is checked frequently by the pr ess operator. Bindery The bindery is where the printed product is completed. The huge rolls of nowprin

ted paper are cut and put together so that the pages fall in the correct order. These printed news papers are manually collected, counted and packed into bundles as p er the requirement of the agents and attaches a slip containing number, number of news papers enclosed etc. Dispatching These bundles are sent through different routes to various destinations or dropping points. Just before reaching the ultimate consumers or readers, the ne wspaper bundles are collected by the concerned agents at the dropping points. They in t urn take the newspaper to the readers. 41[Type text] 4.6 SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT Marketing department deals with the space marketing of classified advertisements and display of its publications. Advertisements have been a major source of revenue for the newspapers and periodicals. Most newspapers make nearly all their money from advertising. The portion of the newspaper that is not advertising is called edi torial content. Every ad the Company sell will need to conform to the column widths of the newspaper. The width of every newspaper page can be broken down into columns of equal size. How wide a column can be seen by looking at how the editorial copy f lows on a page. Usually in the case of news paper 60% of space in it is meant for news a nd 40% of space is meant for advertisement. FUNCTIONS Planning, analyzing and implementation of advertising activities. Monitoring advertisement collection activities. Coordinating the activities relate with publication of regular and periodical supplements. Coordinating the activities of the field executives both inside and outside Kera la. Research and development activities to update with changes in the industry. Arranging periodical get together of advertisement agencies and regular clients. Conducting periodical training programs for Marketing Executives. 42[Type text] CHART NO.7 STRUCTURE OF SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT- Flash & Morning Daily 43 Hari Debtors Mgmt Asst Manager Receivables team Assistant General Manager Manager Corporate Operations Manager Debtors Mgmt Manager Flash Corporate Asst Manager Corporate Commn. AAM DTP Office Asst.Cross Checking Office Asst.Voucher Billing Dispatch RM South

RM North RM Central A/c s Executive Bill wise Posting A/c s Officer Billing AM Weekly Unit Advertisement Managers Marketing Executives Customer care executives Proof Reader 1 Proof Reader 2 Proof Reader 3 DTP Staff 2 DTP Staff 1[Type text] DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Assistant General Manager AGM is directly accountable to GM. AGM is the head of Space Marketing Department & Product Marketing Department Plans, analyses and implement the entire activities in these departments. Member of corporate task force. Coordinates the entire department. Manager Corporate Operations Weekly and monthly evaluation of all units advt head. Coordinating the Billing Activities of all units. Settlement of requirements of all unit advt departments Involved in the work of corporate advt materials like rate cards proposals etc. Unit wise communications Dealing with corporate clients and agencies Asst. Manager daily Looks after all the activities connecting to advt. dept Controls the space marketing activities of Trivandrum unit (billing, collection and office administration) Planning meetings, Follow-up units of customer along with executives, Monitoring the executives , Collection monitoring, Bureau monitoring, 44 Hari[Type text] Conducting evaluation meeting on daily basis Asst. Advertisement Manager DTP Act as liaison between DTP and Advertisement Ensuring of scheduled ads to be carried in daily basis Ensuring timely settlement of ad matters to be present in Daily Coordinating the entire activity for ad placing in Daily Customer care executives: handle the clients and explain the schemes and service s to them. Office Asst: carries out the cross verification of advertisements before dispatc h, bills the advertisements as per the prescribed rates (see appendix) and sends these to the clients. Sources of Advertisements 1. Marketing Executives 2. Government Organization 3. Stringers 4. Advertising Agencies Types of advertisements in Kerala Kaumudi 1. Classified Advertisements: Classified advertisements will be shown in one

line or three like accommodation wanted or available, change of name, thanks giving etc. 2. Matrimonial Advertisements: It is a kind of classified advertisement. Ads lik e bride, groom wanted etc are matrimonial advertisements. 45[Type text] 3. Ear panel Advertisement: The advertisement is shown on the top position in the front page on the left or both sides. This is an important source of income for the newspaper. 4. Display Advertisement: Display advertisement will be shown with in a box on any page of the news paper. The advertisement is usually given in two or more lines or quarter page or half page or full page .This is also a high income sour ce for the daily. Special Position Advertisement 1. Solus advertisement In the case of solus advertisement only particular advertisement is shown on the front page and all other advertisements are avoided. For this advertisement, the customer has to pay a high charge for covering opportunity cost. 2. Strip advertisement In the lower half of the front page there is only one advertisement is allo wed. Here also the advertiser compensates the opportunity cost. 4.7 PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT The Product Marketing Department takes care of everything after the newspaper is printed. This department is responsible for encouraging people to start or keep reading the publication Kerala Kaumudi is having fourth position in circulation. The fir st, second 46[Type text] and third positions are held by Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi and Deshabhimani. Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash aroun d 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships Product Marketing Department is concerned with promoting the news paper there by increasing its circulation. It is a source of revenue for the newspaper. It is mainly concerned with distribution and collection of amounts from the agents. FUNCTIONS Strengthening agency network Boost up circulation Creating awareness Increase in demand Supply Market research Product Improvement CHART NO. 8 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT- FLASH & DAILY 47 Asst General Manager Chief Circulation Manager Corporate Operations Manager Manager Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers

Corporate Operations

Circulation Executives Daily FLAS H Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives[Type text] Chief Circulation Manger is the head of Circulation department both for Morning daily and Flash. He is directly accountable to AGM. He plans and implements the circulation strategies for daily and flash. He identifies the weak areas of cir culation and formulates competitive promotional techniques. Managers Corporate Operations of daily and flash coordinates directs and controls the circulation activities of all the three zones viz: North, mid and s outh. Circulation Manager checks the circulation figures. He should coordinate Assistant circulation managers of all units. Morning daily and Flash Circulation Manager is assisted by Assistant Circulation Manager of all units. Under them come the S ales officer, Field Inspector, Promoters and Agents. The Assistant Manager is directl y accountable to the circulation manager. His main duties are Collection of cash f rom agents using field promoters. Circulation inspector inspects the promoters and enhances the circulation activi ty. Promoters canvas the potential buyers. They resolve agents issue; collect from agents and resolves issue between agents and subscribers. Price of Kerala Kaumudi Dailies Morning daily: Price is Rs.4.00 and on Sundays the price is Rs.4.50 48[Type text] Flash: Price is Rs.3 Schemes for subscription 5 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.7272, Amount to pay is Rs.6500, Saving is Rs. 772 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calen dar for 5years 3 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs. 4363. Customer has to pay Rs.3900 only and he can save Rs. 463. Including free gifts-onam special panchang am and calendar for 3years 2 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.2909 Amount to pay is Rs.2650, Saving is Rs. 259 Including free gifts-onam special panchangam and cale ndar for 2years 1 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.1454 Amount to pay is Rs.1350 Saving is Rs. 104 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calend ar for 1year Publishers of commercial news papers strive for higher circulation so that advertising in their newspaper becomes more effective allowing the newspaper to

attract more advertisers and to charge more for the service. BUSINESS BENEFIT SCHEME 49[Type text] As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.3695 Amount to pay is Rs.2000 Saving is Rs. 1695 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calendar for 1year. In addition to 1 year subscription business firms will also get 5x2/10x1 size black & white split edition free display advertisement. KAUMUDI CENTENARY SBS CENTENARY SBS- 1 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 5016 the amount to be paid is 2500/- savings is Rs 2516. It includes 1year newspaper 1year weekly and 5x2 cm c olour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS- 3 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 8549/- the amount to be pa id is 5500/- savings is Rs 3049. It includes 3years newspaper 3years weekly and 5x2 cm colour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS-5 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs12082 the amount to be paid is 8250/- savings is Rs 3832/- It includes 5years newspaper 5years weekly and 5x2 c m colour free display advertisement. 4.8 DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Debtors Management Department is a part of Marketing Department. The main purpo se of this department is to Streamline and make the debt collection activities effi cient. This department works in connection with the Space Marketing Department and Product Marketing Department 50[Type text] CHART NO. 9. STRUCTURE OF DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPT. FUNCTIONS 1. Know the customer (before and during relationship) Credit check and monitor 51 Product Marketing Dept Space Marketing Dept Assistant General Manager Debtor manager Asst. Manager Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Collection executives Collection executives[Type text] Request additional financial information from customer Gain intelligence from others in the sector about the customer s payment record.

2. Define credit limit setting process Use criteria to determine whether to grant credit to a customer formalize a procedure to establish customer credit limits. Also put in place a periodic rev iew procedure. Once a credit limit is established only increase limit for a customer by followi ng the same formal procedure as when the limit was established in the first place. 3. Synchronize the actions and attitudes of the sales and credit control teams. Maintain a common policy within the company when dealing with debtors 4. Consider other forms of security or credit insurance Using financial instrume nts to get paid, Inland Letters of Credit/Bills of Exchange. 5. Ensure the production of timely and accurate management information. Understand what is happening in our Business Environment Monthly management of figures to include aged debtor listings and weekly, monthly review of overdue debtors 6. Assertive debt collection policy Formalize a graduated sequence of letters/telephone calls 4.9 FINANCE DEPARTMENT Finance department controls the overall transactions of the company. Kerala Kaumudi has 11 editions spread over Kerala, Bangalore, Mumbai and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi has a centralized accounting system. All these units have to generate t heir own funds through circulation, advertisement and other sources. The generated funds are deposited to their respective bank account (Federal Bank) because the units have no 52[Type text] authority to utilize these funds. Cheque sanctioning process is carried out at c orporate office at Thiruvananthapuram with the approval and signature of MD & Director CHART NO.10 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE/ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT 53 Finance Manager Accounts Manager/Officer Corporate Accounts Head Flash Morning daily Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Assistant Clerks Flash Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) A/c Supervisor General A/c (Corporate) Advt. A/c

Supervisor (Corporate )) Head of Finance/Account Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Accounts Assistant Clerks A/c Supervisor General A/c All units Morning daily Accounts Asst. Clerks Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Asst. Clerks Accounts Asst. Clerks[Type text] FUNCTIONS In every month, the corporate office will sanction Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 20,000 in advance as an imprest to all units for meeting their day-to-day expenses. At the end of the month each unit will be sending their petty vouchers to corporate office for ava iling credit to their imprest account. COST CONTROL Kerala Kaumudi is following different cost control measures. Cost control aims a t reducing inefficiencies and wastage and setting up pre determined cost and in ac hieving them. Cost control is comparing of actual performance with the standards or targ ets and taking corrective action if any deviation is occurred. BUDGETS Kerala Kaumudi is following flexible budget. Flexible budget is one which is designed to change in accordance with the level of activity actually attained. I t provides 54[Type text] budgeted cost at different levels of activities. It is prepared after making an intelligent classification of all expense between fixed, semi variable and variable because the usefulness of such a budget depends upon the accuracy with which the expenses ca n be classified. In Kerala Kaumudi most of the accounting and technical matters are such as inventory control, production planning and control through linear programming, p ay roll accounting, sales accounting, budgetary control and standard costing are compute rized. DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES

FINANCE MANAGER Member of corporate task force. Accountable to GM. To give overall guidance to the functioning of the department. To maintain the finance information system like Financial Analysis, Profit and loss account analysis, Cash flow analysis, Inventory management, Budget preparation and Project evaluation. ACCOUNTS MANAGER To coordinate all functions of Accounts department. To supervise maintenance of cash books, ledger, journal etc. To fulfill statutory requirements like TDS return filing, Advance tax payments, Sales tax return filing, Fringe benefits tax, RNI return filing HEAD OF THE FINANCE /ACCOUNTS ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION To perform the functions and duties of unit chief in the absence of unit chief. To exercise the role of chief executive officer of a unit, next to unit chief. 55[Type text] EXECUTIVE FUNCTION To advice the unit chief unit manager and task force in financial matters. To forecast and estimate the financial requirements of units and to formulate sh ort term and long term plans, budgets, targets, standards etc. To meet the financial requirements in time, raise funds from appropriate outside sources and schedule the repayment. To prepare monthly profit & loss A/c and to compare the actual with the financia l plans/target and to take control measures. To monitor the collection of debts to ensure 100% collection. To ensure optimum use of resources to reduce cost of production. To perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the corporate finance head/top management. INCIDENTAL FINANCE FUNCTION Supervision of cash receipts and disbursement. Proper custody and safeguarding important and valuable papers. Record keeping and reporting. Cash management and credit management. Assist internal auditors/inspectors assigned by CTF members/corporate finance head. Verify documentary evidence in support of a transaction. Exercise reasonable care and skill performing duties. Disclose full and fair information to the UTF and CTF. Awareness of financial position as on date. To ensure proper sequence of work to detect errors and frauds. 56[Type text] Attend training and learning programmes and keep up to date in the area of accountancy, finance and general business conditions. ACCOUNTS ASSISTANT Undertake various reconciliation works. Ledger scrutiny on monthly basis. Preparation of monthly Profit & loss A/cs CIRCULATION ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Monitoring billing and collection activities. Sanctioning of credit adjustments. Monthly closing of ledgers. Preparation of agents control accounts. ADVERTISEMENT ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Book adjustments entry Monitoring billing and payment activities. Prepare MRV (Monthly Return Verification) statement. CLERKS

 Voucher entry preparation Filing vouchers and its cross verification Preparation of receipts Prepare all working papers and notes made. Dispatch of bills 4.10 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 57[Type text] The management of Man is a very important and challenging job; important because it is job, not of managing men , but of administering a social system. Human Resource Management involves procedures and practices through which human resources are organized and directed towards the attainment of the individual, social and orga nizational goals. Policy of HR Department The policy of HR Department is to render effective administrative support to the organization both at corporate level and unit level in a systematic and scientif ic manner with special emphasis on human resource development and training with the laid d own quality policy of the organization. CHART NO.11 Structure of HR Department 58 General Manager Human Resource Manager Executive (HR) Front Office Executive Office Assistants Drivers Telephone Operators Security Officer Clerk/Typist House Keeping Canteen Dispatch Supervisor[Type text] Functions HR manger is responsible for the management of the employees of both Kerala Kaum udi and Ravi Printers and publishers. The main functions of HR department include: Employment and placement Recruitment, selection and placement as per the manpower requirements of the company are the most important functions of HR Dept. Training It is the responsibility of HR Department to impart Training and development to employees both at corporate and Units whenever required. The training programme s for employees include induction, on the job training for non managerial staffs, off the job training for managerial staffs. Wage and salary administration Compensation to employees is fixed as per the Wage rates fixed by the wage board s. 1. Proper allocation of work 2. Developing and maintaining motivation for work Performance appraisal 59[Type text] Employee health, safety and welfare services Kerala Kaumudi has a hazard free working environment. No accident has been repo

rted in the past years. The welfare schemes include both Statutory and Non statutory schemes. Statutory welfare schemes consists ESI, PF, EDLI, Profession tax and labor welfa re fund. Non Statutory schemes includes Canteen facility (subsidized rate), Vehicle allow ance, LTA (leave travel allowance), Kerala Kaumudi recreation club, Kerala Kaumudi employee s cooperative society, Kerala Kaumudi employee s welfare forum, Mobile allowance, Conveyance allowance, Medical allowance and City compensatory allowan ce. I. Administering employee turnover and conducting exit interviews Employee turn over rate in the previous year was 7%. In some cases exit intervie ws are conducted. II. Industry relations Maintenance of healthy and peaceful labor-management relations is the responsibi lity of the HR Dept. This includes grievance handling, maintenance of discipline etc. III. Trade Union The existing trade union in the company is AITUC. Trade union is given managemen t participation mainly in the areas of recruitment, termination, employee linked i nsurance etc. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 60[Type text] HR Manager is responsible for the overall administration of front office, House Keeping, Drivers, Dispatch, Telephone operators and security officers ? Front Office Executive attends visitors and informs the concerned person. She keeps attendance register of head office staff. ? House Keeping staffs are responsible for the good maintenance of office ? Dispatch section staffs are assigned to send courier from the corporate office and prompt maintenance of dispatch register. 61[Type text] 4.11 SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Kerala Kaumudi started to implement computerization from 1998 onwards. Since 200 6 they have been developing their own ERP (Enterprises Resource Planning) package. System Department handles maintenance of hardware and development and maintenanc e Software. As a part of boosting the implementation of MIS, the works on developi ng systems technologies is improving. CHART NO.12 Structure of system department Duties & Responsibilities System Engineer He is directly accountable to GM. Network administration. System assembling. Maintenance of network connectivity and data communication. System engineer Asst. System Engineer Programmer Hardware System executives 62[Type text]

 Hardware & system software maintenance. Asst. System Engineer Developing, testing and implementing required application package. Trouble shooting and upgrading installed application packages. Provide training to staffs on the newly installing packages. The recent achievements of systems departments include: Decentralized work Fast collection and payment of bills Fast and comprehensive generation of MIS reports as per the requirements of top management. The computer network system of Kerala Kaumudi includes around 100 machines and 3 servers. One server is for newspaper and for flash, one is for all period icals and other one is for software. The operating system used in servers is Linux and in client system is Windows. Since 2006 system department has been engaging in the development of in house ERP package (in Visual Basic) which is named as PRESS SOFT. The customization of circulation module has already completed. The works on the customization of advertisement, accounting, inventory and HR are in progress . 63[Type text] 5.1 PEST ANALYSIS A scan of the external macro environment in which the firm operates can be expre ssed in terms of the following factors: 1. Political 2. Economic 3. Social 4. Technological 5. Legal 6. Environmental The acronym PESTLE is used to describe a framework for the analysis of these mac ro environmental factors. A PESTLE analysis fits into an overall environmental scan . I. Political factors Political factors include Government regulations and legal issues and definite b oth formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. Some examples include: Tax policy The company is liable to all taxes imposed by Government and to the Kerala VAT. It is a source of income for our Govt. Employee Laws Environment regulations Trade restrictions and tariffs Political stability 64[Type text] Political factors won t affect media much. Kerala Kaumudi is not facing any proble ms related to political factors. II. Economic factors Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firm s cost of capital. The following are example of factors in the macro economy: Economic growth Interest rates Exchange rates Inflation rate

Media is the only firm which will not get affected by any recession, global fina ncial crisis etc. It was not hit by recession III. Social factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macr o environment. These factors affect customer s needs and the size of potential marke ts. Some social factors include: Health consciousness Population growth Age distribution Career attitudes Emphasis on safety The company is trying to focus on the Ezhava Community and urging them to become a loyal customer 65[Type text] IV. Technological factors Some technological factors include: R&D activity Automation Technology incentives Kerala Kaumudi doesn t have a R&D department. The company has to bring in more efforts to technological updation in order to withstand the tight competition V. Legal Factors The company is registered under the companies Act and complies with all rules an d legal regulations as laid down by the statutes. VI. Environmental Factors The company has no environmental problems as it doesn t produce any hazardous wast es. 5.2 Porter s Five Forces Model The PORTER S models are: Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Competitive Rivalry between existing players Porter s model is one of the structured ways in which the i ndustry environment is analyzed. He says that the stronger each of these forces is, the more 66[Type text] difficult it will be for the company to raise prices and make more profits. A st rong force is equivalent to a threat; a weak force is equivalent to an opportunity. It is u pto the operations strategy formulators to recognize the opportunities and the threats a s they arise and design an appropriate strategic response from the operations function. As it is a dynamic world, the strength of each of the competitive forces can change over ti me due to factors external to (ie, beyond the control) of the company. The force of bar gaining power of suppliers can be lessened by removing the bargaining bit. This is done by means of single sourcing and by placing tremendous emphasis upon vendor development. The threat of substitute products can be minimized by providing a variety in the fir

st place. This requires an appropriate manufacturing strategic response through a cost con scious yet flexible system of manufacturing. The risk of entry of potential competitors can be reduced through making / providing a quality product or service as the customer desires at an affordable price. Also a wider range of product variety and timely service s could be provided. Bargaining power of buyers can be reduced through building long standi ng relationships between the two companies, through an atmosphere of transparency a nd through a dedicated service orientation. Operations strategy and consequent acti on can be built around these organizational necessities. CHART NO.13 RISK OF ENTRY BY POTENTIAL COMPETITORS BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS rivalry among established firms 67[Type text] 5.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF KERALA KAUMUDI In SWOT analysis, Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. \STRENGTH Credibility of news and unbiased reporting style Good reputation Financial stability Approach of investigative journalism Units spread all over Kerala with adequate printing facilities Able, dedicated and specialized workforce. Good Brand image Group harmony WEAKNESSES Falling circulation lead Administration lacks a professional touch. Lacks a strong mission and fails to establish time bound goals for each departme nt clearly. Absence of some core departments like R&D and Advertisement threat of substitute products 68[Type text] Absence of effective sales promotion and advertisement strategies. Narrow product line. Weak societal marketing. Resistance to change. Lacks anticipative marketing. OPPORTUNITES

 Untapped market segments like children, unemployed youth, teenage, job seekers, farmers, Children etc. A potential market of literate but unsubscribed to any newspaper. Diversification of business into TV channels and mobile portals. Print outsourcing. THREATS Fast changing printing technology Competitor s strong sales and marketing strategies. Fast growing Cable and satellite TV Penetration of Internet media, with no restriction of subscription charges. Unstable newsprint cost. Fast changing life style of people 69[Type text] 6.1 FINDINGS 1. Though the company is facing tough competition, comparing to its production facilities of all units and its strong public image, it has more scope in the ma rket. Company has to frame more Marketing and sales promotion strategies. 2. Comparing to competitor s products Kerala Kaumudi s coverage of national, international, business and sports news is less. 3. The company is facing a tough competition. Its main publication, daily newspaper s position in the market is fluctuating. Till 2005, it was the third largest circulated daily. In 2006, the position came down to fourth, and from 2007 it is continuing in fifth position. Financial statements from 2001-08 shows that, Comparing to previous years newspaper revenue has declined. Flash continues as No.1 mid day daily in the market. 4. Each department performs their routine work well, but these department s activities are not well coordinated to a time bound mission. 5. Company lacks a good R &D department 6. Circulation Department has limited subscription plans. 7. For print production, chemicals have been used to remove the non-image emulsion, but now plates are available that do not require chemical processing. 8. HR department is maintaining good industrial relations. HR dept needs more systematic approaches to make its main functions viz. recruitment & selection, performance management, and training procedures more efficient. 9. Editorial Department lacks adequate automation and modernization. Space Marketing Department requires more office equipments and communication facilities. 70[Type text] 6.2 SUGGESTIONS 1. When the daily s circulation lead is falling, it is the time to analyze where t he marketing efforts has failed. To establish circulation lead, more innovative and analytic approach is needed. Implementation of strategies like TQM will improve the quality of the organization s processes, products, services through continuous improvement in all senses. 2. Increase the coverage of news. More national, international, business and spo rts news must be included. Increase the number of pages through value added news but without any increase in product price. The additional cost would be compensated by operational efficiency and increase in the ratio of advertisement to editorial. 3. Company has to frame more Market Communication Strategies. More market penetration strategies are also to be framed. Give advertisements in media havin g highest reach to the target market. The effectiveness of advertisement must be conducted periodically. 4. I suggest implementing Management by Objectives (MBO) as absence of clear cut objectives leaves unclear standards by which to evaluate the individual as well

as organizational achievements. Establish challenging yet realistic goals in accord ance with the overall company mission. All departments are to translate it into time bound goals and to implement it. 5. I suggest introducing two designations: R&D Manager and Manager responsible f or the overall planning and implementation of marketing communication of Kerala Kaumudi products. An efficient research and development team which consists of all department heads and unit managers must be coordinated under the guidance of R&D Manager. Future plan must be chalked out through brain storming sessions. 71[Type text] Research, develop and launch innovative and value added products quickly and within the budget and through operational efficiency. 6. In addition to the existing subscription plans, introduce short-term and flex ible subscription plans. 7. Establish and maintain circulation lead by satisfying customer needs better th an the competitors through value added products - that would be the motto of product marketing department. 8. The company needs an anticipative marketing approach. Ensure and encourage participation of all members in distribution channel in the framing and implementation of marketing plans. 9. Kerala Kaumudi has to go at a fast pace towards the implementation of modern production technologies. Now plates are available that do not require chemical processing The development of the digital plate setter in the late twentieth cen tury eliminated film negatives altogether by exposing printing plates directly from d igital input, a process known as computer to plate printing. 10. HR department must encourage and develop an organization culture where innov ative ideas are freely exchanged. 11. Company is admitting project works of professional students from reputed universities. Admit and coordinate these studies in a fruitful manner. Admissio ns should be on the basis of analysis of resume and interview. 72[Type text] 6.3 CONCLUSION India s experienced and diverse press is in robust growth mode. We must ensure that it preserves its elements, its values and its soul. Media has a strong role in nationbuilding. Today s communication is more complex. Competitors are coming up with more products and increased sales promotion strategies. Customer s tastes and preference, life style and quality of life are changing. As the digital tide gat hers strength, it is remarkable that the press in print continues to be the media of preference for the majority of readers who want to remain informed. What makes newspaper different from other media is that presents news in more analytical manner. It can influence an d change people s lives and their societies. As far as print media is concerned, circulation is mostly considered as the yard stick of victory. People would always want news, but it should be packaged well accordin g to the changing needs of the society. Newspapers have to address all sections of the r

eadership to stay in the business. In a literate state like Kerala, there is more room fo r the newspaper companies to grow, as the rural areas are largely untapped. Kerala Kau mudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and f earless views. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrodden masses in the society. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. To compete with fast emerging TV channels and internet journalism and with the competitor s strong sales and promotion strategies, Kerala Kaumudi has to come up with new plans and strategies. 73[Type text] 74[Type text] ORGANIZATION STUDY OF KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD, PETTAH A report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of Kerala University Submitted by JASEENA.J Roll No: MGT0905016 Under the guidance of Faculty guide Project guide Ms. AMBILI.G.S VISAKH.M.S Faculty IMK Manager

H.R.

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN KERALA UNIVERSITY OF KERALA, SENATE CAMPUS THIRUVANANTHAPURAM July 2010 1[Type text] DECLARATION I declare that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, pettah submitted by me for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala is my own work. The report has not been submitted for the award of any other degree of this Univ ersity or any other University. Place: THIRUVANATHAPURAM JASEENA.J Date: Roll No: MGT0905016 2[Type text]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar professor and ,

Head of the Department, Institute Of Management In Kerala, University of Kerala, for inculcating me the correct spirit of mind through his valuable advice for doing the training. I hereby express my profound gratitude to Ms Ambili G.S, Faculty, IMK palayam, for her valuable guidance throughout the course of the study. My sincere thanks to Mr. M S Visakh, HR manager, Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd., f or his valuable cooperation and timely guidance, without which this Organization St udy would be an impossible one. My special thanks to Mr. S L Praveen, System Administrator for his valuable support throughout the study. Thanks are also due to Mr. Hari, the HR executive. Last but not least, I wish to express my heart felt thanks with pleasure to my parents and all my friends for their goodwill and constructive ideas which helpe d me a lot in bringing out this work successful.

EENA.J 905016 3[Type text] SL. NO. 1. Introduction Objectives of the study Scope of the study Methodology Limitation of the study Chapterisation 1 3 3 3 3 2. Industry profile 4 3. Company profile 10 4. Organizational Structure 16 5. Data Analysis PESTLE Analysis PORTER S Analysis SWOT Analysis 55 6. Findings 61 7. Suggestions 62 8. Conclusions 64 9. Bibliography 65 4[Type text] List of charts and diagrams Sl.No. Description Page No.

JAS MGT0

Contents TOPIC Page No.

1 Organization Structure 16 2 Editorial Departmentdaily 21 3 Editorial-Flash 22 4 Editorial-Magazine 23 5 Production Department 25 6 DTP section 30 7 Space Marketing Department 35 8 Product marketing Department 39 9 Debtors management Department 43 10 Finance Department 45 11 HR Department 50 12 Systems Department 53 13 Porter s Five Force Model 58 5[Type text] Date .. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report entitled Organization Study of Kera la Kaumudi (P) Ltd pettah submitted here is an bonafide record of the work done by Ms Jaseena.J under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree in Master of Business Administration of the University of Kerala and this work has not been submitted by her for the award of any other degree, diploma or title of recognition earlier. Director: Faculty Guide Dr. K.S Chandrasekhar M.sAmbiliG.S Professor and Head of Department Faculty IMK IMK 6[Type text] CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 7[Type text] Introduction A newspaper is regularly scheduled publication containing news, information and advertising. By 2007 there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 3 95 million copies a day. The worldwide recession of 2008, combined with the rapid growth of web-based alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers closed or sharply retrenched operations. General-int erest newspapers typically publish stories on local and national political events and personalities, crime, business, entertainment, society and sports. Most traditio nal papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor and columns that express the personal opinions of writers. Other features include di

splay and classified advertising, comics, and inserts from local merchants. The newspa per is typically funded by paid subscriptions and advertising. A wide variety of materi al has been published in newspapers, including editorial opinions, criticism, persuasio n and op-eds ; obituaries; entertainment features such as crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes; weather news and forecasts; advice, food and other columns; reviews of movies, plays and restaurants; classified ads; display ads, editorial cartoons a nd comic strips. Newspaper and newspaper advertising has been the most important tool in shaping the growth and development of any society in the modern world. More than anything, they have been very instrumental in bridging the communication gap between people that contributes to the air of awareness in a society. Newspapers are an important media for spreading both national and international news. It plays crucial role in the society. The news paper industry in every country stands out as an influential body contributing to the development of the modern society by acting as one of the most potential platform for exchange of thoughts and opinions. One of the most crucial tasks of newspaper industry is its contribution towards the economi c and industrial development of a country through its assimilation of the people s voice . The Indian newspaper industry has passed various stages of evolution to reach the status that it enjoys today - that of a leading press arena in the world. Th ere are hundreds of newspapers that reach out to the people of this vast country in enor mous 8[Type text] numbers every morning. A typical Indian, daily newspaper is the staple diet for a typical Indian, bringing him/her news from all over the globe. This organization study has been conducted in Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. Kerala Kaumudi, the greatest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the st ate and the country with editions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur , Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi is a Malayalam daily which provides truthful news. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd consists of all functional departments and thereby gets an idea about all departments. So an organization study was conducted at Kerala Kaumudi (P) L td with an aim of getting awareness of their functioning and final procedures of th at organization. 9[Type text] 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To identify the functions, duties, responsibilities and maintenance of each departments. 2. To verify how far the organization structure is successful in accomplishing t he objectives of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. 1.2 METHODOLOGY The study is primarily descriptive and analytical in nature. For conducting the study both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected by observation and personal interviews with the managers and other staffs in the organization. Secondary data was collected from company records, previous studies conducted in the organization and company website. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study helps in bridging gap between the theory and practice of management. It offers great scope to Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd in some areas where they are considered weak. The scope of the study also extends to other media companies and future researchers. 1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 1. An in-depth study was not possible because the time limit was the main constraint. 2. Since Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd, is a private sector company, access to some important information was restricted. This made some difficulties during the time of analysis. 10[Type text] 2.1 NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY When newspapers and magazines are combined, print is the world's larges t advertising medium. An increase in the newspaper sale has been witnessed in almo st all continents including Asia, Europe, Africa and South America except North America, which registered a decline in the sales. Global newspaper sales rose 2. 3% in 2006, India grew 13 %. Advertising revenues in paid dailies had been found up 3 .77 per cent. China, Japan and India account for 60 of the world s 100 best-selling da ilies while the five largest markets for newspapers are China, India, Japan, the US an d Germany. 2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NEWSPAPERS IN INDIA Indian journalism on modern lives began in 1780 at Calcutta with the publication of Bengal Gazette by J.A. Hicky in England. This was followed by a number of periodicals in English; mostly for the benefit of English people in In dia. Vernacular journalism was slow on the uptake. Nevertheless, a number of periodic als, most of them short lived appeared in India, in latter half of 19 th century. Most of the vernacular journals owned their origin to the national consciousness awakened by the revolution of 1857 against British rule in India. Naturally the tone and the tem per displaced the British administration. The result was vernacular press act, 1878 which strictly controlled Indian papers. With the growth of national movement drastic press legislation followed one another such as the newspaper incitement Indian state a ct, 1922, official secrets act, 1923 and Indian states protection act, 1934 During t

he second world war, when administrators wanted the cooperation of Indian people, a gentleman s agreement was concluded between the government and the press, which resulted in the press advisory committee at the entire states. This give press a consultative status. Before partition, Lahore was the hub of print media and almost all the newspapers of the United Punjab were published from there. After the holocaust partition, the press shifted to Jalander and stated afresh with limited means. W hen 11[Type text] India became independent, there was no longer any antagonism between the government and the people. The press was free to play an entirely new role. In M arch 1947, the government appointed a press laws enquiry committee as a result on whi ch the urbanism provision of co operation between the government and the press was inaugurated. Newspaper was published from all the starts and Union territories e xcept from Arunachal Pradesh and Lakshadweep. UP, claimed the top position with 3879 newspaper/ periodicals published from the states. The Indian print media consists of 36 centenarians. Newspapers were brought out in 93 languages and dialects. Apart from the sixteen principle languages, th e highest circulated newspaper Yomini Shim bun founded in 1874 of Japan which attained a figure of 14474573 on April 1, 1988. This has been achieved by totali ng the figures of editors published in various centers with a morning circulation of 50 17984. The bulkiest or the largest newspaper is the New York Times. Sunday edition date s in 1965 which had around 946 pages. Newspapers in 1990 are an interesting thing to watch. It is filled with information that ranges from cryogenic to cattle feeding, biotechnology to ladie s fashion to suit people in all walks of life. Newspapers have played an important role in public affairs throughout the world, whether it is in USA or in India or anyw here. Newspapers help citizen to these countries to know what is going on in their cou ntry and in rest of the world as well. The growing electronic media is catching the importance of newspaper. With the advent of satellite televisions the world has contracted to our fingertips. Even then the newspapers role will not be much cha nge. It will continue as a society s primary instrument for mass communication. In Indi a, newspapers are published in about 100 regional languages and dialects other than Hindi and English. Over the years, the number of dailies has steadily increased. Their number increased to 5638 in 2001 from 5364 in the previous year, i.e. by 5.11 pe r cent. The total circulation of daily newspaper was 5,78,44,236 in 2001. In 2001, The Hindu, an English daily, published from Chennai was the largest circulated single edition daily with claimed circulation of 9,37,222 followed by Hindustan times, English Daily, published from Delhi with a circulation of 9,09, 278. 12[Type text] Anand Bazar Patrika, Bengali daily, came third, whereas The Times of India, Engl ish daily, was fourth.

With such a huge number of newspapers and such enormous circulation, the supply chain model for the newspaper industry is a challenge in itself. Moreover , due to the perishable nature of the product, its distribution needs all the more imp ortance. A newspaper industry consist five major functional areas include editorial, advertising, production, administration, and circulation. Editorial supplies the raw material, which is transformed to the finished product through printing. The marketing function is performed by advertising and management is done by administration. The key area of sales of the product is dealt by circulation. Th e distribution channel plays an important role in newspaper industry. Newspapers are those goods which are perishable to both the manufacturer and the customer. Newspaper companies cannot print the news sections of the newspaper in advance because of the requirement that news be timely. Additionall y, with the increase in commuting times, especially in the large, metropolitan mark ets, later delivery is also not entertained. Therefore, newspaper production or distr ibution is the problem of distributing highly perishable products under severe time constraints. The newspaper industry is becoming very competitive with the national players competing with the regional players. Newspaper is a perishable commodity and in order to cater to needs of the customer in various geographical locations , a newspaper has to publish from various locations. This helps in achieving a strat egic fit between the supply chain and customer needs. The consumers are primarily looking for a national newspaper giving regional news as well. Consumers also demand faster response because of the perishable nature of the product. In order to economize on the costs of the supply chain, t he newspaper needs to have regional publication units with both national and region al news varieties in the same newspaper. 13[Type text] As has been shown by various studies, newspaper readers do not want to spend mor e on reading a newspaper. Thus an economy of scale is very important factor for a newspaper. Newspaper should achieve a critical mass of customers to achieve economies of scale. The main drivers of supply chain are inventory, transportati on facilities, and information. Newspapers are very important in many ways. They give us lots of information about various matters at various levels that are available anywhere. Though magazines and books also give lots of information, the scope of the news there is limited to a few selected topics. Television and internet connections w hile provide news faster than the newspapers, it cannot have the width, breadth and d epth of the newspapers and do not provide the comfort of the repeated references at o ur leisure and comfort apart from harming our eyes because of the glare and being t he source of health hazards because of radiations. 2.3 International Newspapers There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized as international newspapers. Some, such as Christian Science Monitor and The

International Herald Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repac kaged national newspapers or international editions of national-scale or large metropoli tan newspapers. Often these international editions are scaled down to remove article s that might not interest the wider range of readers. As English has become the international language of business and technology, many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions. In place as varied as Jerusalem and Bombay (Mumbai), newspapers are printed to a local and international English-speaking public. The advent of the Internet has also allowed the non-English newspapers t o put out a scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach. 14[Type text] Features of a newspaper may include: Editorial opinions Comics strips and other entertainment, such as Crosswords, Sudoku and Horoscopes weather news and forecasts Advice, gossip, food and other columns Critical reviews of movies, plays, restaurants, etc. Classified ads While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialists still are some weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant, or the local gay community. 2.4 NEWS PAPER BUSINESS IN KERALA Kerala has a rate of newspaper readership that is among the highest in the world. In Kerala, there are approximately 1576 newspapers in circulation! Among these, only a few newspapers are widely circulated with a good number of readers . 2.5 LEADING MALAYALAM NEWSPAPERS Malayala Manorama: First appeared on 14th March 1890, as a weekly, currently has a readership of over 15 million, with a circulation base of over 7.4 million copies.Manorama is Kerala's largest selling and most widely read newspaper. Mathrubhumi: The first copy of Mathrubhumi went to press on 18th of March 1923. Mathrubhumi today is the second most circulated newspaper in Kerala. It is publi shed from Calicut, Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Kannur, 15[Type text] Palakkad, Malappuram and Kollam besides from Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi It has a circulation of over 13 lakhs and its readership is around 75 lakhs. Des habhimani: A Malayalam newspaper run by Communist Party of India (Marxist). Started as a weekly in 1942 and converted to a daily in 1946. Deshabhimani now has six different editions: Kozhikode, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Kannur, Kottayam and Trichur. Kerala Kaumudi: A popular Malayalam newspaper, founded in 1911. Published from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kannur in Kerala and Bangalore, Kerala Kaumudi is the fourth most circulated Malayalam daily. The pap er has online editions in Malayalam and English that are updated twice daily. Deepika:

One of the oldest newspapers published in India. The first issue came out on 1887 April 15. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissu r, Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode Other dailies in circulation include Madhyamam, Thejas Mangalam, Janayugam, Varthamanam, Chandrika, Janmabhumi, Sirajdaily, and Grihasree. 16[Type text] Company Profile Kerala Kaumudi, the fastest growing Malayalam daily, owes its genesis in 1911, to the visionary, Shri C V Kunjuraman, a man of letters and a teacher. He was also a reversed intellectual, social reformist and a true revolutionary in both letter and sprit. Under his inspiring leadership, Kerala Kaumudi has set high standards in journalism. Kerala Kaumudi shot into limelight following the Quit India Movement . The term Kaumudi implies moonlight that blossoms the water lily. In other words, Kerala Kaumudi enlightens the entire keralites. Truly speaking, Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Shri K Sukumaran became the embodiment of Kaumudi-the full moon in enlightening the masses in the moon balanced green of Kerala. This is an apt interpretation of Kerala Kaumudi. Because of its fearless unbiased editorials and relentless dedication, the term Kerala Kaumudi becomes immortal and permanently etched in the minds of common man. And it is precisely these qualities that prompted the nation to con fer on the founder Editor P Sukumaran, one of its highest civilian honours, the prestig ious Padmabhushan. The Kerala Kaumudi legacy has been its constant pursuit for truth and unparalleled excellence in Journalism. Kerala Kaumudi became a daily news paper on 1 st November 1940. From its humble beginning as a single edition news paper of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Kaumudi has spread out to cover other parts of the state and the country with ed itions from Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Cochin, Thrissur, Kozhikodu, Kannur, Bangalore and Gulf. Now Kerala Kaumudi is celebrating its 99 years of publicati on Pioneer 17[Type text] Kerala Kaumudi is the first newspaper to introduce Investigative Journalism under the dynamic leadership of its Founder-editor, Padmabhushan K Sukumaran. It was the first among the newspapers in Kerala to introduce new technologies like photo type setting, cable transmission and computerized accounting. It was also one among the first few news papers to launch an internet edition. CORPORATE OFFICE The registered office of the company named Kaumudi Buildings is located at Pettah , a developed part in Thiruvananthapuram city. It is the place where the administration of the company is being carried out. 3.1 VISION AND MISSION Shri C V Kunjuraman started Kerala Kaumudi as a weekly in 1911 with a vision to spread over the principles of Sreenarayana Guru. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrod den masses in the society. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of

society with its Forth right news and fearless views. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY 1. To carry on business of proprietors and publishers of news paper, journals, magazines, periodicals, books and pamphlets and other literary works and undertakings. 2. To understand and execute any trusts or to act as trustees or to do any other such act as may seen desirable or beneficial whether with or without consideration. 3. To establish, maintain and promote any agency or branch offices of the compan y in India or elsewhere and to regulate the same or discontinue the same. 4. To promote any other company or companies for the purpose of acquiring any privilege, concession, property or assets of any person, firm or undertakings or other rights and liabilities of such other company or companies or concerns or 18[Type text] business as the case may be as conductive to or beneficial for the purpose of th e company. 3.3 CIRCULATION AND READERSHIP Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash around 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships. 3.4 SHARE CAPITAL The authorized capital of the Company is Rs 30,00,000 (Thirty Lakhs) divided into 3000 Equity shares of Rs.1000 each. Shares shall be under the control of t he Directors who may issue, allot or dispose of same to such persons and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as they may think fit. The company may form time to time by ordinary resolution increase its share capital by such amount as it thinks expedient by issuing new shares of such amou nts as it thinks fit. 3.5 GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY The Kerala Kaumudi has been working in profit ever since in its establishment. Profits are essential for the survival of the business. They co ver the risks and cost of staying in business. Profits maintain the revenue generating c apacity of the business. 3.6 RAW MATERIALS Materials constitute a significant part of cost of products. The important raw materials needed for the company are 1. News print 2. Ink 3. Plate 19[Type text] News print is allocated based on requirements of newspaper by Registrar of News papers of India, New Delhi and supplied mainly by STC of India. The STC supplies the imported news print Canadian, Russian etc. 3.7 SISTER CONCERNS 1. Kalakaumudi Printers and Publications 2. Ravi Printers and Publications Pvt Ltd 3. Kaumudi Investment Pvt Ltd 3.8 COMPETITORS TO KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Malayala Manorama 2. Mathrubhumi 3. Deshabhimani 4. Mangalam 5. Deepika 3.9 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COMPANY

The specialty of Kerala Kaumudi Products is that they are offered at fair prices , which is affordable to the common man. Their contribution towards the developme nt of local community life is a notable one and it is working in public interest. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd has brought many sensitive news like Palmoil case, SSLC question paper leak out etc. Kerala Kaumudi has been obsessed with truth over 96 years. Kerala Kaumudi has always worked for the development of society with Forth right news and fearless views. Stresses on credibility and unbiased reporting , which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. Kerala Kaumudi s crusading journalism has made a class of its own in the lives of Malayalees. The newspaper s constant effort to safeguard the policy of communal reservation in Kerala is a shinning example Kerala Kaumudi s strong commitment to the welfare of the state. Kerala Kaumudi is the mastermind behind innumerable sc oop 20[Type text] stories, which demolished the ivory towers of many unparallel icons of Kerala politics. 3.10 FUTURE PLANS OF THE COMPANY The company is planning to start two media channels from 2011, the 100 th anniversary year, namely kaumudi news channel and kaumudi entertainment channel which will be launched from February 2011 most probably. The company has many plans for its future. More editions are to be launched in near future as part of Kerala Kaumudi s ambitious plan to expand its coverage to more areas. The company wants to impart some new equipments and machineries for speedy and smooth production. The company needs more efficient technicians and to compete with others. The company wants to conduct training programmes for employees. The company wishes to provide more effective and efficient labor welfare facilities to its employees. It provides many employment opportunities. 3.11 PRODUCT PROFILE PRODUCTS OF KERALA KAUMUDI 1. Kerala Kaumudi publications 1. Kerala Kaumudi daily 2. Kerala Kaumudi Flash 3. Kerala Kaumudi weekly 4. Kerala Kaumudi Panchangam 5. Kerala Kaumudi Calendar 6. Kerala Kaumudi Onam special 7. Kerala Kaumudi Sabarimala Special 8. Career Directory 9. Sree Narayana Guru Directory 10. Magic Slate 21[Type text] 2. Kerala Kaumudi Communications Kerala Kaumudi Communications focuses on audio entertainment creations. The Kerala Kaumudi GEETH series compiles melodious mixes of old and new numbers sung by all-time favorite Malayalam singers. A group of musical experts careful ly select the combinations to ensure that each release is sensitized to suit the ta stes of a unique segment. 3. Kerala Kaumudi Events wing A team of eminent professional organizes, conducts, and concludes all kinds of promotional events with a touch of class. This wing also organizes variety of s hows,

shoots; arrange sponsors and broadcasts stage events on leading Malayalam channe ls worldwide. 4. Online publications Kerala Kaumudi leaped into internet 1997 in their business in online publication s are a natural growth into cyber age of Kerala Kaumudi. Kerala Kaumudi internet division or cyber studio has emerged as one of the leading web publishers of Ker ala. 24 hour data updation is done here. It is the chief source of information for NR Is from Kerala. Kaumudi sites growth and success spring from their conscious awareness o f the huge expatriate malayalee population and their abiding interest in their hom e land. 1. www.keralakaumudi.com {Malayalam Daily) 2. www.kaumudi.com (English Daily) 3. www.kaumudijalakam.com (bilingual news magazine) 4. www.sundaykaumudi.com (web tabloid). 5. www.kaumudiclassifieds.net 6. www.kaumudiusa.com (the newest addition to Kerala Kaumudi galaxy of websites)-bilingual multicultural site 22[Type text] Kaumudiusa.com is an exclusive bilingual North American Malayali targeted site, kaumudi jalakam, an innovative Malayalam net weekly and Kaumudi online, a net-only English daily, have proved to be big draws with expatriate keralites. CHART NO.1 Organization Chart of Kerala Kaumudi 23 Managing Director or Joint Managing Director Chairman/ Editor in Chief Board of Directors Chief General Manager Marketing director Corporate Administration Business Units Administration Corporate Heads Human Resource Management Production Head AGM (Marketing) Chief Manager (Finance & Accounts) Unit Chief Unit Manager Managing Editor Editorial Department Associate Editor Chief News Editor General Editor Chief Manager (Special Projects) General Manager Company secretary[Type text] The above organization chart provides a bird s eye-view of relationships between different departments or divisions of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. As far a s Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is concerned Chairman/ Managing Director is at the top of the Organization structure. Mr. M S Mani is the Chairman of the company. He als o

holds the position of the Chief Editor of the company. Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is a private sector company which is registered under Indian Companies Act, 1913. At present board of directors includes Shri M S Man i, Shri M S Madhusoodhan, Shri M S Sreenivasan, and Shri M S Ravi. Shri M S Sreenivasan is the present M.D and Joint Managing Director of the Company. Chief General Manager, Company Secretary and Managing Editor are directly controlled by the Managing Director. Smt Anju Sreenivasan is the Chief General Manager. Shri Deepu Ravi is the Managing Editor of the company. The Editorial Department is under the control of Managing Editor. Corporate Administration and Business unit administration wings are controlled by General Manager, Shri M K Karthikeyan. Corporate Heads include the corporate department heads of Kerala Kaumudi. The functional departments are Human Resource Management, Production department, Marketing Department, Finance and Accounts Department and Special Projects. Assistant General Manager (Marketing) controls Space Marketing Department, New Product Marketing department and Debtors Collection Management Department. 4.1 ADMINISTRATION Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd carries out its functions and manages its affairs through the following managerial personnel. 1. Board of Directors and Managing Director 2. Company Secretary 3. Chief General Manager 4. General Manager and Functional Managers 24[Type text] 5. Unit Chiefs POWER OF DIRECTORS: 1. To appoint and at their discretion remove or suspend such managers, secretaries, officers, clerks, agents and servants for permanents, temporary or special services as they may from time to time think fit. 2. To appoint any person to accept and hold in trust for the company any property belonging to the company 3. To secure the fulfillment of any contract or engagements entered into by the company 4. To purchase or otherwise acquire for the company any property, rights or privileges which the company is authorized to acquire 5. To give receipts, releases and discharges on behalf of the company 6. To invest and deal with any moneys of the company not immediately required for the purpose of its business in such manner as they think fit. 7. To draw, accept, endorse and negotiate all such cheques, bills of exchange, drafts, promissory notes and government and other securities in connection with the business. 8. The vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors shall be filled up by the Board of Director who may fix the period for which such Director shall hold office Duties of General Manager 1. Leads the administration, marketing and circulation department. 2. Formulate a financial budget and planning in tune with the growth and stability of the organization. 3. Advise the top management on appropriate steps to be taken to make this a better organization so that each and every employee feels he is a valuable member in the organization and develop better a team concept for enabling him to contribute his best. 25[Type text] Functions of Company Secretary Company secretary is an officer of the company, who has certain responsibilities under the law and under any duties passed to him by the directors. The role of company secretary is administrative rather than managerial. The functions are.. 1. The company Secretary performs all duties that he is required to perform unde

r the Companies Act. 2. He supplies required data to the company s advocates in connection with legal matters. 3. He is directly accountable to Board of Directors. Functions of Unit Chief 1. Head of unit task force 2. Formulates the task force decisions 3. Coordinates the activities of each unit 26[Type text] 4.2 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Editorial department is considered as the nucleus of every newspaper company. This department plays a major role of collecting the news till printing . Teams of experts are working in this department. Each page of the newspaper is drafted by separate group of people. The selection of news, the headlines and th e way of presentation are all done by the journalists. The life stories of an individu al is always presented in an inverted pyramid i.e., beginning from their death till th eir time of birth and the main source of this information is a well equipped library. As name implies the reporters, general public and correspondents bring the news. The cop y desk handles the general news and local desk handles the local news. The news bureau gathers the news and the news desk edit and proof reads according to the style book. There is a deadline for each news. The headings are given by the editors. MOTTO OF KERALA KAUMUDI Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Company has an efficient news team. And its wide network is spread through out the country. It has 9 editions spreads over Kerala, Bangalore. The newspape r stresses on credibility and that is the only reason why Kaumudi is still a major player in the market. The Editorial Department is headed by the Chief Editor. Under him come Managing Editor, Executive Editor, Associate Editor, Deputy Editor and Chief New s Editor. Under them come the News Editors, Deputy News Editor, Chief Sub Editor, and Senior Sub Editors and Sub Editors. 27[Type text] CHART No.2 Structure of Editorial Department-daily 28 Chief Editor Managing Editor Executive Editor Associate Editor Chief News Editor Editorial Section Chief Sub Editor Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor Bureau Chief

Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer[Type text] 29[Type text] CHART NO.3 Structure of Editorial Wing - Flash 30 Managing Editor General Editor Editor in-charge Chief Sub Editor Bureau Chief Chief Reporter Chief Photographer Senior Photographer Special correspondent Senior Reporter Reporter Photographer Senior Sub Editor Sub Editor[Type text] CHART NO.4 Structure of Editorial wing - Magazine 4.1 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Chief Editor Chief Editor controls the functions of the editing and reporting sections. Edito rial Policies of News paper are formulated by the Chief Editor. Executive Editor Executive editor is responsible for the execution of the policies formulated by the Chief Editor. He undertakes planning, administration and implementation of the policies in consultation with the Chief Editor. Associate Editor Associate Editor monitors both national and international news Chief News Editor 31 Managing Editor Sub editors Trainees [Type text] Works according to the policy of the management Gives orientation Gives suggestions for improvement to the Department Gives overall guidance News Editors News Editors edits general news / monitors television channels and internet. Sub editors Sub editors engage in news translation and editing activities 4.3 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The hierarchy of production department starts from editorial department. It wor ks in connection with DTP section and Circulation Department. Edited news from the editorial department reaches the DTP section through news editors. From DTP sec tion it is send to proof reading section then again to the DTP section then to the News Editor.

He decides the intensity of the matter and he sets news in different pages. The news editor also decides upon the different size of caption used for different news. After the page transfer is done. 32[Type text] CHART NO.5 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Electrical Section Electrical section deals with repairing all electrical equipments, maintena nce of motors in order to avoid any break down during production. It is the duty of el ectrical engineers and electricians to make sure the uninterrupted power supply in the de partment. Mechanical Section Mechanical wing deals with the repair maintenance, preventive maintenance and shut down maintenance for machines. For this minimum numbers of persons employe d. 33 Editorial department Production Head Mechanical section Electrical section Print production Mechanical engineer Asst. mechanical engineer Fitters Electrician in charge Asst. electrician Production manager Production superintendent Supervisors Foremen[Type text] They will try to solve any problem relating to the machines. Assistant Engineer assists the Mechanical Engineer for maintenance works. Fitters help the Assistant Engine er for doing maintenance work. They check and maintain the press in good condition. Print Production The basic function of production department in Kerala Kaumudi is printing newspapers. The printing of Kerala Kaumudi newspaper is undertaken by M/s. Ravi Printers and Publishers Private Limited. Printing is done in accordance with th e print order given to the foreman by the Circulation Department. Raw materials for prin ting are issued by the Materials Department. Printing of news paper is after 12.00a.m. P rinting of Flash begins at 11.45 and Magazine printing is on every Monday 3.00 p.m. The Print Production section mainly handles the following functions. Pasting Plate making Printing and Despatching RAW MATERIALS I. News print The size of newsprint is 70cm and 45 GSM (Gramage per square meter). As the GSM increases copies decreases and vice versa. The main supplier of newsprint Hindustan News print Ltd, Kottayam. Imported

deluxe quality news print are Supplied by Pondar Global Ltd, New Delhi. Low qual ity, recycled news print is supplied by V.G.Paper and Boards Ltd, Udumalpet, Sarvalek shmi 34[Type text] Paper and Boards Ltd, Coimbatore and Vishnupriya Papers, Chennai. These newspri nts are used for the printing of inner pages. II. Ink Two types of inks are used for printing. a. Black ink: Suppliers of black ink are Shalimar Inks and Chemicals, Aluva an d Orient Inks, Kozhikodu b. Colour Ink: Suppliers of colour ink are Galilia Chemicals, Cochin M.R. Industries, Calicut. High quality ink which is used for printing advertisement columns are supplied by Coats Ink, Kalyan Marketing, Cochin. III. Plates Aluminum Plates are of three types: long, medium and short run. Long run plates are used for producing main pages in all editions. From a short-run plate 10,000 to 15,000 copies can be printed. These plates are procured from the dealers of TECHNOVA, Standard Missionary Sales Company, Patoor, Thiruvananthapuram and dealers of NIR AJ, News Graphics, Kottayam. The imported plate dealers are TOPAZ. IV. Chemicals Chemicals consumed are developers, universal wash, fountain solution, remover an d plate cleaner, Chemicals for film development-developer and fixer. V. Graphic Art film Usually films produced by Kodak and Agfa are used. Kodak films are supplied by Trade Links Ltd, Cochin and Agfa films are supplied by Krishna Agencies, Cochin. VI. Laser printer films VII. Tracing paper 35[Type text] 4.4 PROCESS OF NEWS PRODUCTION Newspapers are usually printed on an off-white paper known as newsprint. Making of newspapers is called journalism. Much emphasis has been placed upon the accuracy and fairness of the journalist. The actual content of publications comes from two separate departments. The ads, whether they be what many refer to as "display" ads (the ones with the borders a round them) or "line" ads (the categorized listings of text ads usually found in the c lassified section) are sold and often produced by the Space Marketing Department. Everythi ng else--the news, features, columns, photos, and stock quotes--all of that comes f rom the editorial department and is referred to as "editorial content" or simply "editor ial". 1. SOURCES Agencies like PTI (Press Trust of India), UNI (United News India). Public Relations Department Political leaders Television/Internet Police Stations 2. REPORTING Reporting comprises a wide network and an efficient team of reporters. They repo

rt the news in an unbiased manner. The reporting section is headed by Bureau Chief. Und er him comes the Special Correspondents, Senior Photographers, Photographers, Chief Reporters, Senior Reporters, Reporters and the Trainees. The Bureau is co nnected to the desk of editing section. The company has 42 local Bureaus. 3. NEWS STORY 36[Type text] Usually, the stories will run down columns two-and-a-sixteenth inches wide, with an eighth-inch blank space between the columns. And since ads often appear on the s ame pages as the editorial content, although it would make sense that the column wid th that editorial uses always matches up with what advertising defines as a column, occa sionally there are exceptions. 4. EDITING This section comprises of various desks: Local desk, Main desk, Feature desk, Sp orts desk and International desk. Here the selection, editing of news, selection of photographers, page layout, and coordination is carried out. Functions of Various Desks v Local Desk Local desk edits all local news. The desk is headed by Chief Sub Editor, and und er him comes the Senior Subeditor, Subeditors and Trainees. v Main Desk Main desk edits all general news, political news, science news, national news et c. It is headed by the Chief main desk and under him comes the News Editor, Chief Editor, Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors and Trainees. v Feature Desk Feature desk edits the editorial page. It is headed by Resident Editor and under him comes Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors, and trainees. v Sports Desk Edits all sports news .It comprises of News Editor and Trainees. v International Desk 37[Type text] Edits all international news. Headed by Chief Sub Editor, under him comes Sub ed itor and Trainees. 4.5 DTP SECTION DTP is a part of the Editorial Department. DTP manager is the head of the DTP section. Pre press activities are under taken in this section. Adobe Page Maker 7.0 is the software used for pagination. The functions performed in the DTP section can be listed as follows: Firstly, the advertisement layout is setup with the requirements of advertisemen t coordinator by the operator. The remaining space on the newspaper is devoted for news. The data supplied from the desk is scanned and entered into the computers by the operators. Advertisement in the PDF format from the agencies and the photographers are entered into computers through scanners. CHART NO.6 Activities of DTP Section

38 Editorial Composing Proof section Page Layout Laser Print/ film Film pasting Plate making[Type text] Composing In DTP section, data entry of the matter handed over by the editorial section is undertaken. All the input materials such as photographic reflections, originals , nonphotographic pictures are converted into digital files and resized as per r equirement. Transmission Section transfers General pages to all editions through ISDN broadb and lines. Almost eighteen staffs are working in this section in 4 rotating shifts. Proof Section A miniature printout of A4 size will be send to editorial proof and advertisemen t proof section. Corrections are carried out after proof reading by the operators. Layout Then each page is made by the concerned desk chiefs with the support of operators. Matter is sorted again and page order is checked. Layout sheets are marked with vertical lines that correspond to the column widths of your publication, as well as horizontal markers that correspond to the units your newspaper uses to measure t he height of the ad, usually inches or centimeters. Laser Print Output Black and white pages are printing in laser printer. Image Setting The matter pages containing four colours i.e. the primary colors, cyan, magenta, yellow and black composed in PageMaker are converted to Post script files or pd f format using Torrent v6.0 SP3 software. These files are transferred to Graphic Art fil ms using an imported Image setter machine, Scantext Othello . These graphic art films are processed in the machine Image Line . After taking final full sized printout of ea ch page on LP/ film, these will be handed over to the Production department. 39[Type text] Stripping Color negatives are stripped together for each page. A blue-line print is made from stripped-up negatives and is used to check image position before printing. Pasting The prints are pasted on the astronel sheet. Plate making The plate is produced by a photo chemical procedure. The astronel sheet is placed on an Aluminum sheet with a chemical coating and vacuum is applied on it. After this process it is exposed to an u.v .light of 3000 W for 85 seconds. When the p lates are exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs that allows an ink-receptive coatin g to be activated. This results in the transfer of the image from the negative to the pl ate. Each of

the primary colors -- black, cyan (blue), magenta (red), and yellow -- has a sep arate plate. The light passes through the non-image area and it is developed by using a devel oper. Then gum is applied on the plate to avoid oxidation. The next step after plate m aking is the printing. Printing Offset lithography is the workhorse of printing. Almost every commercial printer does it. The paper is fed through the press as one continuous stream pulled from rolls of paper. Each roll can weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (1 ton) Web presses print at very high speeds and use very large sheets of paper. Even when a 1-ton roll of paper runs out, the presses do not stop rolling. The press has to maintain a constant balance be tween the force required to move the paper forward and the amount of backpressure (resista nce) that allows the paper to remain tight and flat while traveling through the equip ment. 40[Type text] Offset process Ink and water do not mix -- this is the underlying principle of offset lithograp hy. The ink is distributed to the plates through a series of rollers. On the press, the plates are dampened, first by water rollers, then by ink rollers. The rollers distribute th e ink from the ink fountain onto the plates. The image area of the plate picks up ink from the ink rollers. The water rollers keep the ink off of the non-image areas of the plate. Each plate then transfers its image to a rubber blanket that in turn transfers the image to the paper. This process is shown in the following figure. The plate itself does not actuall y touch the paper -- thus the term "offset" lithography. All of this occurs at an extremely high speed. The quality of the final product is often due to the guidance, expertise and equipment provided by the printer. Print quality is checked frequently by the pr ess operator. Bindery The bindery is where the printed product is completed. The huge rolls of nowprin ted paper are cut and put together so that the pages fall in the correct order. These printed news papers are manually collected, counted and packed into bundles as p er the requirement of the agents and attaches a slip containing number, number of news papers enclosed etc. Dispatching These bundles are sent through different routes to various destinations or dropping points. Just before reaching the ultimate consumers or readers, the ne wspaper bundles are collected by the concerned agents at the dropping points. They in t urn take the newspaper to the readers. 41[Type text]

4.6 SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT Marketing department deals with the space marketing of classified advertisements and display of its publications. Advertisements have been a major source of revenue for the newspapers and periodicals. Most newspapers make nearly all their money from advertising. The portion of the newspaper that is not advertising is called edi torial content. Every ad the Company sell will need to conform to the column widths of the newspaper. The width of every newspaper page can be broken down into columns of equal size. How wide a column can be seen by looking at how the editorial copy f lows on a page. Usually in the case of news paper 60% of space in it is meant for news a nd 40% of space is meant for advertisement. FUNCTIONS Planning, analyzing and implementation of advertising activities. Monitoring advertisement collection activities. Coordinating the activities relate with publication of regular and periodical supplements. Coordinating the activities of the field executives both inside and outside Kera la. Research and development activities to update with changes in the industry. Arranging periodical get together of advertisement agencies and regular clients. Conducting periodical training programs for Marketing Executives. 42[Type text] CHART NO.7 STRUCTURE OF SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT- Flash & Morning Daily 43 Hari Debtors Mgmt Asst Manager Receivables team Assistant General Manager Manager Corporate Operations Manager Debtors Mgmt Manager Flash Corporate Asst Manager Corporate Commn. AAM DTP Office Asst.Cross Checking Office Asst.Voucher Billing Dispatch RM South RM North RM Central A/c s Executive Bill wise Posting A/c s Officer Billing AM Weekly Unit Advertisement Managers Marketing Executives Customer care executives Proof Reader 1 Proof Reader 2 Proof Reader 3 DTP Staff 2 DTP Staff 1[Type text] DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Assistant General Manager

 AGM is directly accountable to GM. AGM is the head of Space Marketing Department & Product Marketing Department Plans, analyses and implement the entire activities in these departments. Member of corporate task force. Coordinates the entire department. Manager Corporate Operations Weekly and monthly evaluation of all units advt head. Coordinating the Billing Activities of all units. Settlement of requirements of all unit advt departments Involved in the work of corporate advt materials like rate cards proposals etc. Unit wise communications Dealing with corporate clients and agencies Asst. Manager daily Looks after all the activities connecting to advt. dept Controls the space marketing activities of Trivandrum unit (billing, collection and office administration) Planning meetings, Follow-up units of customer along with executives, Monitoring the executives , Collection monitoring, Bureau monitoring, 44 Hari[Type text] Conducting evaluation meeting on daily basis Asst. Advertisement Manager DTP Act as liaison between DTP and Advertisement Ensuring of scheduled ads to be carried in daily basis Ensuring timely settlement of ad matters to be present in Daily Coordinating the entire activity for ad placing in Daily Customer care executives: handle the clients and explain the schemes and service s to them. Office Asst: carries out the cross verification of advertisements before dispatc h, bills the advertisements as per the prescribed rates (see appendix) and sends these to the clients. Sources of Advertisements 1. Marketing Executives 2. Government Organization 3. Stringers 4. Advertising Agencies Types of advertisements in Kerala Kaumudi 1. Classified Advertisements: Classified advertisements will be shown in one line or three like accommodation wanted or available, change of name, thanks giving etc. 2. Matrimonial Advertisements: It is a kind of classified advertisement. Ads lik e bride, groom wanted etc are matrimonial advertisements. 45[Type text] 3. Ear panel Advertisement: The advertisement is shown on the top position in the front page on the left or both sides. This is an important source of income for the newspaper. 4. Display Advertisement: Display advertisement will be shown with in a box on any page of the news paper. The advertisement is usually given in two or more lines or quarter page or half page or full page .This is also a high income sour ce for the daily.

Special Position Advertisement 1. Solus advertisement In the case of solus advertisement only particular advertisement is shown on the front page and all other advertisements are avoided. For this advertisement, the customer has to pay a high charge for covering opportunity cost. 2. Strip advertisement In the lower half of the front page there is only one advertisement is allo wed. Here also the advertiser compensates the opportunity cost. 4.7 PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT The Product Marketing Department takes care of everything after the newspaper is printed. This department is responsible for encouraging people to start or keep reading the publication Kerala Kaumudi is having fourth position in circulation. The fir st, second 46[Type text] and third positions are held by Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi and Deshabhimani. Total circulation of Kerala Kaumudi daily comes around 1.5 lakhs and flash aroun d 2.5 lakhs. Today Kerala Kaumudi has 2.5 million strong readerships Product Marketing Department is concerned with promoting the news paper there by increasing its circulation. It is a source of revenue for the newspaper. It is mainly concerned with distribution and collection of amounts from the agents. FUNCTIONS Strengthening agency network Boost up circulation Creating awareness Increase in demand Supply Market research Product Improvement CHART NO. 8 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCT MARKETING DEPARTMENT- FLASH & DAILY 47 Asst General Manager Chief Circulation Manager Corporate Operations Manager Corporate Operations Manager Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives Daily FLAS H Regional Managers Circulation Managers Circulation Inspectors Sales Promoters Asst: Circulation Managers Circulation Executives[Type text] Chief Circulation Manger is the head of Circulation department both for Morning daily and Flash. He is directly accountable to AGM. He plans and implements the circulation strategies for daily and flash. He identifies the weak areas of cir culation and formulates competitive promotional techniques.

Managers Corporate Operations of daily and flash coordinates directs and controls the circulation activities of all the three zones viz: North, mid and s outh. Circulation Manager checks the circulation figures. He should coordinate Assistant circulation managers of all units. Morning daily and Flash Circulation Manager is assisted by Assistant Circulation Manager of all units. Under them come the S ales officer, Field Inspector, Promoters and Agents. The Assistant Manager is directl y accountable to the circulation manager. His main duties are Collection of cash f rom agents using field promoters. Circulation inspector inspects the promoters and enhances the circulation activi ty. Promoters canvas the potential buyers. They resolve agents issue; collect from agents and resolves issue between agents and subscribers. Price of Kerala Kaumudi Dailies Morning daily: Price is Rs.4.00 and on Sundays the price is Rs.4.50 48[Type text] Flash: Price is Rs.3 Schemes for subscription 5 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.7272, Amount to pay is Rs.6500, Saving is Rs. 772 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calen dar for 5years 3 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs. 4363. Customer has to pay Rs.3900 only and he can save Rs. 463. Including free gifts-onam special panchang am and calendar for 3years 2 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.2909 Amount to pay is Rs.2650, Saving is Rs. 259 Including free gifts-onam special panchangam and cale ndar for 2years 1 year plan: As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.1454 Amount to pay is Rs.1350 Saving is Rs. 104 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calend ar for 1year Publishers of commercial news papers strive for higher circulation so that advertising in their newspaper becomes more effective allowing the newspaper to attract more advertisers and to charge more for the service. BUSINESS BENEFIT SCHEME 49[Type text] As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs.3695 Amount to pay is Rs.2000 Saving is Rs. 1695 Including free gifts-onam special panchagam and calendar for 1year. In addition to 1 year subscription business firms will also get 5x2/10x1 size black & white split edition free display advertisement. KAUMUDI CENTENARY SBS CENTENARY SBS- 1 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 5016 the amount to be paid is 2500/- savings is Rs 2516. It includes 1year newspaper 1year weekly and 5x2 cm c olour

free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS- 3 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs 8549/- the amount to be pa id is 5500/- savings is Rs 3049. It includes 3years newspaper 3years weekly and 5x2 cm colour free display advertisement. CENTENARY SBS-5 As per this plan the actual subscription amount is Rs12082 the amount to be paid is 8250/- savings is Rs 3832/- It includes 5years newspaper 5years weekly and 5x2 c m colour free display advertisement. 4.8 DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Debtors Management Department is a part of Marketing Department. The main purpo se of this department is to Streamline and make the debt collection activities effi cient. This department works in connection with the Space Marketing Department and Product Marketing Department 50[Type text] CHART NO. 9. STRUCTURE OF DEBTORS MANAGEMENT DEPT. FUNCTIONS 1. Know the customer (before and during relationship) Credit check and monitor 51 Product Marketing Dept Space Marketing Dept Assistant General Manager Debtor manager Asst. Manager Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Sr Executive Jr Executive Account Asst. Collection executives Collection executives[Type text] Request additional financial information from customer Gain intelligence from others in the sector about the customer s payment record. 2. Define credit limit setting process Use criteria to determine whether to grant credit to a customer formalize a procedure to establish customer credit limits. Also put in place a periodic rev iew procedure. Once a credit limit is established only increase limit for a customer by followi ng the same formal procedure as when the limit was established in the first place. 3. Synchronize the actions and attitudes of the sales and credit control teams. Maintain a common policy within the company when dealing with debtors 4. Consider other forms of security or credit insurance Using financial instrume nts to get paid, Inland Letters of Credit/Bills of Exchange. 5. Ensure the production of timely and accurate management information. Understand what is happening in our Business Environment

 Monthly management of figures to include aged debtor listings and weekly, monthly review of overdue debtors 6. Assertive debt collection policy Formalize a graduated sequence of letters/telephone calls 4.9 FINANCE DEPARTMENT Finance department controls the overall transactions of the company. Kerala Kaumudi has 11 editions spread over Kerala, Bangalore, Mumbai and Gulf. Kerala Kaumudi has a centralized accounting system. All these units have to generate t heir own funds through circulation, advertisement and other sources. The generated funds are deposited to their respective bank account (Federal Bank) because the units have no 52[Type text] authority to utilize these funds. Cheque sanctioning process is carried out at c orporate office at Thiruvananthapuram with the approval and signature of MD & Director CHART NO.10 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE/ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT 53 Finance Manager Accounts Manager/Officer Corporate Accounts Head Flash Morning daily Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Assistant Clerks Flash Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) A/c Supervisor General A/c (Corporate) Advt. A/c Supervisor (Corporate )) Head of Finance/Account Circulation A/c Supervisor (Corporate) Accounts Assistant Clerks A/c Supervisor General A/c All units Morning daily

Accounts Asst. Clerks Advt.A/c Supervisor All units Circulation A/c Supervisor All units Accounts Asst. Clerks Accounts Asst. Clerks[Type text] FUNCTIONS In every month, the corporate office will sanction Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 20,000 in advance as an imprest to all units for meeting their day-to-day expenses. At the end of the month each unit will be sending their petty vouchers to corporate office for ava iling credit to their imprest account. COST CONTROL Kerala Kaumudi is following different cost control measures. Cost control aims a t reducing inefficiencies and wastage and setting up pre determined cost and in ac hieving them. Cost control is comparing of actual performance with the standards or targ ets and taking corrective action if any deviation is occurred. BUDGETS Kerala Kaumudi is following flexible budget. Flexible budget is one which is designed to change in accordance with the level of activity actually attained. I t provides 54[Type text] budgeted cost at different levels of activities. It is prepared after making an intelligent classification of all expense between fixed, semi variable and variable because the usefulness of such a budget depends upon the accuracy with which the expenses ca n be classified. In Kerala Kaumudi most of the accounting and technical matters are such as inventory control, production planning and control through linear programming, p ay roll accounting, sales accounting, budgetary control and standard costing are compute rized. DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES FINANCE MANAGER Member of corporate task force. Accountable to GM. To give overall guidance to the functioning of the department. To maintain the finance information system like Financial Analysis, Profit and loss account analysis, Cash flow analysis, Inventory management, Budget preparation and Project evaluation. ACCOUNTS MANAGER To coordinate all functions of Accounts department. To supervise maintenance of cash books, ledger, journal etc. To fulfill statutory requirements like TDS return filing, Advance tax payments, Sales tax return filing, Fringe benefits tax, RNI return filing HEAD OF THE FINANCE /ACCOUNTS ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION To perform the functions and duties of unit chief in the absence of unit chief.

 To exercise the role of chief executive officer of a unit, next to unit chief. 55[Type text] EXECUTIVE FUNCTION To advice the unit chief unit manager and task force in financial matters. To forecast and estimate the financial requirements of units and to formulate sh ort term and long term plans, budgets, targets, standards etc. To meet the financial requirements in time, raise funds from appropriate outside sources and schedule the repayment. To prepare monthly profit & loss A/c and to compare the actual with the financia l plans/target and to take control measures. To monitor the collection of debts to ensure 100% collection. To ensure optimum use of resources to reduce cost of production. To perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the corporate finance head/top management. INCIDENTAL FINANCE FUNCTION Supervision of cash receipts and disbursement. Proper custody and safeguarding important and valuable papers. Record keeping and reporting. Cash management and credit management. Assist internal auditors/inspectors assigned by CTF members/corporate finance head. Verify documentary evidence in support of a transaction. Exercise reasonable care and skill performing duties. Disclose full and fair information to the UTF and CTF. Awareness of financial position as on date. To ensure proper sequence of work to detect errors and frauds. 56[Type text] Attend training and learning programmes and keep up to date in the area of accountancy, finance and general business conditions. ACCOUNTS ASSISTANT Undertake various reconciliation works. Ledger scrutiny on monthly basis. Preparation of monthly Profit & loss A/cs CIRCULATION ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Monitoring billing and collection activities. Sanctioning of credit adjustments. Monthly closing of ledgers. Preparation of agents control accounts. ADVERTISEMENT ACCOUNTS SUPERVISOR Book adjustments entry Monitoring billing and payment activities. Prepare MRV (Monthly Return Verification) statement. CLERKS Voucher entry preparation Filing vouchers and its cross verification Preparation of receipts Prepare all working papers and notes made. Dispatch of bills 4.10 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 57[Type text] The management of Man is a very important and challenging job; important because it is job, not of managing men , but of administering a social system. Human Resource Management involves procedures and practices through which human resources are organized and directed towards the attainment of the individual, social and orga nizational goals. Policy of HR Department

The policy of HR Department is to render effective administrative support to the organization both at corporate level and unit level in a systematic and scientif ic manner with special emphasis on human resource development and training with the laid d own quality policy of the organization. CHART NO.11 Structure of HR Department 58 General Manager Human Resource Manager Executive (HR) Front Office Executive Office Assistants Drivers Telephone Operators Security Officer Clerk/Typist House Keeping Canteen Dispatch Supervisor[Type text] Functions HR manger is responsible for the management of the employees of both Kerala Kaum udi and Ravi Printers and publishers. The main functions of HR department include: Employment and placement Recruitment, selection and placement as per the manpower requirements of the company are the most important functions of HR Dept. Training It is the responsibility of HR Department to impart Training and development to employees both at corporate and Units whenever required. The training programme s for employees include induction, on the job training for non managerial staffs, off the job training for managerial staffs. Wage and salary administration Compensation to employees is fixed as per the Wage rates fixed by the wage board s. 1. Proper allocation of work 2. Developing and maintaining motivation for work Performance appraisal 59[Type text] Employee health, safety and welfare services Kerala Kaumudi has a hazard free working environment. No accident has been repo rted in the past years. The welfare schemes include both Statutory and Non statutory schemes. Statutory welfare schemes consists ESI, PF, EDLI, Profession tax and labor welfa re fund. Non Statutory schemes includes Canteen facility (subsidized rate), Vehicle allow ance, LTA (leave travel allowance), Kerala Kaumudi recreation club, Kerala Kaumudi employee s cooperative society, Kerala Kaumudi employee s welfare forum, Mobile allowance, Conveyance allowance, Medical allowance and City compensatory allowan ce. I. Administering employee turnover and conducting exit interviews Employee turn over rate in the previous year was 7%. In some cases exit intervie ws are conducted.

II. Industry relations Maintenance of healthy and peaceful labor-management relations is the responsibi lity of the HR Dept. This includes grievance handling, maintenance of discipline etc. III. Trade Union The existing trade union in the company is AITUC. Trade union is given managemen t participation mainly in the areas of recruitment, termination, employee linked i nsurance etc. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 60[Type text] HR Manager is responsible for the overall administration of front office, House Keeping, Drivers, Dispatch, Telephone operators and security officers ? Front Office Executive attends visitors and informs the concerned person. She keeps attendance register of head office staff. ? House Keeping staffs are responsible for the good maintenance of office ? Dispatch section staffs are assigned to send courier from the corporate office and prompt maintenance of dispatch register. 61[Type text] 4.11 SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Kerala Kaumudi started to implement computerization from 1998 onwards. Since 200 6 they have been developing their own ERP (Enterprises Resource Planning) package. System Department handles maintenance of hardware and development and maintenanc e Software. As a part of boosting the implementation of MIS, the works on developi ng systems technologies is improving. CHART NO.12 Structure of system department Duties & Responsibilities System Engineer He is directly accountable to GM. Network administration. System assembling. Maintenance of network connectivity and data communication. System engineer Asst. System Engineer Programmer Hardware System executives 62[Type text] Hardware & system software maintenance. Asst. System Engineer Developing, testing and implementing required application package. Trouble shooting and upgrading installed application packages. Provide training to staffs on the newly installing packages. The recent achievements of systems departments include: Decentralized work Fast collection and payment of bills Fast and comprehensive generation of MIS reports as per the requirements of top management. The computer network system of Kerala Kaumudi includes around 100 machines and 3 servers. One server is for newspaper and for flash, one is for all period icals and other one is for software. The operating system used in servers is Linux and in client

system is Windows. Since 2006 system department has been engaging in the development of in house ERP package (in Visual Basic) which is named as PRESS SOFT. The customization of circulation module has already completed. The works on the customization of advertisement, accounting, inventory and HR are in progress . 63[Type text] 5.1 PEST ANALYSIS A scan of the external macro environment in which the firm operates can be expre ssed in terms of the following factors: 1. Political 2. Economic 3. Social 4. Technological 5. Legal 6. Environmental The acronym PESTLE is used to describe a framework for the analysis of these mac ro environmental factors. A PESTLE analysis fits into an overall environmental scan . I. Political factors Political factors include Government regulations and legal issues and definite b oth formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. Some examples include: Tax policy The company is liable to all taxes imposed by Government and to the Kerala VAT. It is a source of income for our Govt. Employee Laws Environment regulations Trade restrictions and tariffs Political stability 64[Type text] Political factors won t affect media much. Kerala Kaumudi is not facing any proble ms related to political factors. II. Economic factors Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firm s cost of capital. The following are example of factors in the macro economy: Economic growth Interest rates Exchange rates Inflation rate Media is the only firm which will not get affected by any recession, global fina ncial crisis etc. It was not hit by recession III. Social factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macr o environment. These factors affect customer s needs and the size of potential marke ts. Some social factors include: Health consciousness Population growth Age distribution Career attitudes Emphasis on safety The company is trying to focus on the Ezhava Community and urging them to become

a loyal customer 65[Type text] IV. Technological factors Some technological factors include: R&D activity Automation Technology incentives Kerala Kaumudi doesn t have a R&D department. The company has to bring in more efforts to technological updation in order to withstand the tight competition V. Legal Factors The company is registered under the companies Act and complies with all rules an d legal regulations as laid down by the statutes. VI. Environmental Factors The company has no environmental problems as it doesn t produce any hazardous wast es. 5.2 Porter s Five Forces Model The PORTER S models are: Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Competitive Rivalry between existing players Porter s model is one of the structured ways in which the i ndustry environment is analyzed. He says that the stronger each of these forces is, the more 66[Type text] difficult it will be for the company to raise prices and make more profits. A st rong force is equivalent to a threat; a weak force is equivalent to an opportunity. It is u pto the operations strategy formulators to recognize the opportunities and the threats a s they arise and design an appropriate strategic response from the operations function. As it is a dynamic world, the strength of each of the competitive forces can change over ti me due to factors external to (ie, beyond the control) of the company. The force of bar gaining power of suppliers can be lessened by removing the bargaining bit. This is done by means of single sourcing and by placing tremendous emphasis upon vendor development. The threat of substitute products can be minimized by providing a variety in the fir st place. This requires an appropriate manufacturing strategic response through a cost con scious yet flexible system of manufacturing. The risk of entry of potential competitors can be reduced through making / providing a quality product or service as the customer desires at an affordable price. Also a wider range of product variety and timely service s could be provided. Bargaining power of buyers can be reduced through building long standi ng relationships between the two companies, through an atmosphere of transparency a nd through a dedicated service orientation. Operations strategy and consequent acti on can be

built around these organizational necessities. CHART NO.13 RISK OF ENTRY BY POTENTIAL COMPETITORS BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS rivalry among established firms 67[Type text] 5.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF KERALA KAUMUDI In SWOT analysis, Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. \STRENGTH Credibility of news and unbiased reporting style Good reputation Financial stability Approach of investigative journalism Units spread all over Kerala with adequate printing facilities Able, dedicated and specialized workforce. Good Brand image Group harmony WEAKNESSES Falling circulation lead Administration lacks a professional touch. Lacks a strong mission and fails to establish time bound goals for each departme nt clearly. Absence of some core departments like R&D and Advertisement threat of substitute products 68[Type text] Absence of effective sales promotion and advertisement strategies. Narrow product line. Weak societal marketing. Resistance to change. Lacks anticipative marketing. OPPORTUNITES Untapped market segments like children, unemployed youth, teenage, job seekers, farmers, Children etc. A potential market of literate but unsubscribed to any newspaper. Diversification of business into TV channels and mobile portals. Print outsourcing. THREATS Fast changing printing technology Competitor s strong sales and marketing strategies. Fast growing Cable and satellite TV Penetration of Internet media, with no restriction of subscription charges. Unstable newsprint cost. Fast changing life style of people 69[Type text] 6.1 FINDINGS 1. Though the company is facing tough competition, comparing to its production

facilities of all units and its strong public image, it has more scope in the ma rket. Company has to frame more Marketing and sales promotion strategies. 2. Comparing to competitor s products Kerala Kaumudi s coverage of national, international, business and sports news is less. 3. The company is facing a tough competition. Its main publication, daily newspaper s position in the market is fluctuating. Till 2005, it was the third largest circulated daily. In 2006, the position came down to fourth, and from 2007 it is continuing in fifth position. Financial statements from 2001-08 shows that, Comparing to previous years newspaper revenue has declined. Flash continues as No.1 mid day daily in the market. 4. Each department performs their routine work well, but these department s activities are not well coordinated to a time bound mission. 5. Company lacks a good R &D department 6. Circulation Department has limited subscription plans. 7. For print production, chemicals have been used to remove the non-image emulsion, but now plates are available that do not require chemical processing. 8. HR department is maintaining good industrial relations. HR dept needs more systematic approaches to make its main functions viz. recruitment & selection, performance management, and training procedures more efficient. 9. Editorial Department lacks adequate automation and modernization. Space Marketing Department requires more office equipments and communication facilities. 70[Type text] 6.2 SUGGESTIONS 1. When the daily s circulation lead is falling, it is the time to analyze where t he marketing efforts has failed. To establish circulation lead, more innovative and analytic approach is needed. Implementation of strategies like TQM will improve the quality of the organization s processes, products, services through continuous improvement in all senses. 2. Increase the coverage of news. More national, international, business and spo rts news must be included. Increase the number of pages through value added news but without any increase in product price. The additional cost would be compensated by operational efficiency and increase in the ratio of advertisement to editorial. 3. Company has to frame more Market Communication Strategies. More market penetration strategies are also to be framed. Give advertisements in media havin g highest reach to the target market. The effectiveness of advertisement must be conducted periodically. 4. I suggest implementing Management by Objectives (MBO) as absence of clear cut objectives leaves unclear standards by which to evaluate the individual as well as organizational achievements. Establish challenging yet realistic goals in accord ance with the overall company mission. All departments are to translate it into time bound goals and to implement it. 5. I suggest introducing two designations: R&D Manager and Manager responsible f or the overall planning and implementation of marketing communication of Kerala Kaumudi products. An efficient research and development team which consists of all department heads and unit managers must be coordinated under the guidance of R&D Manager. Future plan must be chalked out through brain storming sessions. 71[Type text] Research, develop and launch innovative and value added products quickly and within the budget and through operational efficiency.

6. In addition to the existing subscription plans, introduce short-term and flex ible subscription plans. 7. Establish and maintain circulation lead by satisfying customer needs better th an the competitors through value added products - that would be the motto of product marketing department. 8. The company needs an anticipative marketing approach. Ensure and encourage participation of all members in distribution channel in the framing and implementation of marketing plans. 9. Kerala Kaumudi has to go at a fast pace towards the implementation of modern production technologies. Now plates are available that do not require chemical processing The development of the digital plate setter in the late twentieth cen tury eliminated film negatives altogether by exposing printing plates directly from d igital input, a process known as computer to plate printing. 10. HR department must encourage and develop an organization culture where innov ative ideas are freely exchanged. 11. Company is admitting project works of professional students from reputed universities. Admit and coordinate these studies in a fruitful manner. Admissio ns should be on the basis of analysis of resume and interview. 72[Type text] 6.3 CONCLUSION India s experienced and diverse press is in robust growth mode. We must ensure that it preserves its elements, its values and its soul. Media has a strong role in nationbuilding. Today s communication is more complex. Competitors are coming up with more products and increased sales promotion strategies. Customer s tastes and preference, life style and quality of life are changing. As the digital tide gat hers strength, it is remarkable that the press in print continues to be the media of preference for the majority of readers who want to remain informed. What makes newspaper different from other media is that presents news in more analytical manner. It can influence an d change people s lives and their societies. As far as print media is concerned, circulation is mostly considered as the yard stick of victory. People would always want news, but it should be packaged well accordin g to the changing needs of the society. Newspapers have to address all sections of the r eadership to stay in the business. In a literate state like Kerala, there is more room fo r the newspaper companies to grow, as the rural areas are largely untapped. Kerala Kau mudi has always worked for the development of society with its Forth right news and f earless views. Kerala Kaumudi spearheaded with a missionary zeal to enlighten the underprivileged and downtrodden masses in the society. Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting which is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi since 1911. To compete with fast emerging TV channels and internet journalism and with the competitor s strong sales and promotion strategies, Kerala Kaumudi has to come up with new plans and strategies. 73[Type text]

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