BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

BITSPilani
K K Birla Goa Campus
Engineering Mathematics I
(MATH ZC 161)
Dr. Amit Setia (Assistant Professor)
Department of Mathematics
BITSPilani
K K Birla Goa Campus
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Chapter 1 & chapter 3
PratapSingh, Review of Elementary Calculus, WILPD- Notes
Summary of lecture 8
LHopitals Rule
Rationalization method to find limit
How to check continuity of a function
Derivative
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Derivative
Rules of derivatives
Higher order derivatives
Derivative by Chain Rule
Derivative by Substitution
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Integration
Fundamental Integration Formulae
Some properties of Integration
Various methods for integration
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Various methods for integration
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Outline of lecture 9
Integration by parts
Integration of some standard forms
Definite Integral
Properties of definite integral
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Properties of definite integral
Some examples based on the properties of
definite integral
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Dont forget
You need to

of "Pratap Singh, Review of Elementary Calculus,
remember all the formulae given in Chapter 2
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of "Pratap Singh, Review of Elementary Calculus,
WILPD Notes" uploaded on Taxila in a folder
as MATH_ZC161_Lecture_Notes

24/08/2012 6 Engineering Mathematics I (MATH ZC 161)

If u and v are functions of x then the formula
for integration by parts is
du
uvdx u vdx vdx dx
(
=

Article: 4.10
Integration by Parts
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
u is called I functions and v is called II function.
du
uvdx u vdx vdx dx
dx
(
=
(


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Rule 1:
If both u and v are integrable functions,
then take that function as the first function
which can be finished by repeated
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which can be finished by repeated
differentiation.
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Example
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Rule 2:
If the integral contains logarithmic or inverse
trigonometric function,
then take logarithmic or inverse trigometric
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then take logarithmic or inverse trigometric
function as the first function and other
function as the II function.
If there is no other function then take 1 as the
second function.
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Example
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Example
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2
2 2
log 1
log 1 log 1
Integrating by parts, we get
II
I
x dx
d
x dx x dx dx
dx
(
=
(

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( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2log
log
log 2 log 1
log 2 log
II
I
dx
x
x x x dx
x
x x x dx
x x x x x C
(

(
| |
=
|
(
\

=
= + (

Rule 3:
If both functions are integrable and none can
be finished by repeated differentiation, then
any function can be taken as the I function
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any function can be taken as the I function
and other as the II function. Repeat the rule of
integration by parts.
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3
2
cosec
cosec cosec
Integrating by parts, we get
II
I
x dx
x x dx =

Example
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( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
( )
2 2
2
cosec c cosec
cosec
cosec c
c o
ot cosec cot
sec
cot co
osec
cosec co t t
x dx x dx
x x
x dx
x dx
x x x x dx
d
x
dx
x x
(
=
(

= (

(
=

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( )
( )
( )
2
3
3
cosec cot cosec cosec 1
cosec cot cosec cosec
cosec cot cosec cosec
x x x x dx
x x x x dx
x x x dx x dx
(
=

(
=

= +

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3
3
3
2 cosec cosec cot cosec
2 cosec cosec cot log cosec cot
1
cosec cosec co
2
x dx x x x dx
x dx x x x x C
x dx x
= +
= + +
=

1
t log cosec cot
2 2
C
x x x + +
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Rule 4:
That function is taken as the first function
which comes first in the word ILATE
where I = inverse circular function,
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where I = inverse circular function,
L = Logarithmic function,
A = Algebraic function,
T = Trigonometric function,
E = Exponential function.
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Example
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putting sin cos x a dx a d = =
Article: 4.11
Some standard forms
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putting sin cos x a dx a d = =
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Please try !
use sec sec tan Hint: x a dx a = =
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2
Please try !
use tan Hint: sec x a dx a d = =
Please try !
do integration by parts, Hint:
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2 2
do integration by parts,
take as I function and 1 as II f
H
u
in
nc
t:
tion a x
Similarly,
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The integrals of the above form can be evaluated
Article: 4.12
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The integrals of the above form can be evaluated
by writing in any one of the 6 forms just described.
Example
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Example
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
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BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
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Example
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BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
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Article: 4.13
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To solve the integral of above form, we write
Example
( )
1
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( )
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( )
1 becomes
( )
2
Putting in first integral
2 5
2
&
in 2 integral
1
2
nd
x x t
x dx t
x u
dx du
d
+ =

+ +

+ =

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dx du =

( )
( )
2
Evaluate: 3 4 5 x x x dx +

Problem
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Please try !
Article: 4.14
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2
2
1 2
tan
To solve the integral of above fo
sec
2 2 2 1
rm, we take
x x dt
t dx dt dx
t

| | | |
= = =
| |
+
\ \
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Example
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2
2
tan
2 1
|
x dt
t dx
t
| |
= =
|
+
\

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

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Article: 4.15
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( )
1 2
To solve the integral of above form, we take
sin cos Denominator Denominator
d
a x b x K K
dx
| |
+ = +
|
\
( )
To solve the integral of above form, we take
2sin 3cos 3sin 4cos 3si
2sin 3cos
3sin 4cos
n 4cos
d
x x K x x K x
x x
d
x
x
x
x
| |
+ = + + +
+
|
+

Example
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( )
1 2
2sin 3cos 3sin 4cos 3sin 4cos
d
x x K x x K x
dx
x
| |
+ = + + +
|
\
1 2
1 2
Equating coefficient of sin and cos , we get
3 4 2
4 3 3
18 1
,
x x
K K
K K
K K

=

`
+ =
)
= =
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1 2
18 1
,
25 25
K K = =
18 1
log | 3sin 4cos |
25 25
x x x C = + + +
Article: 4.16
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31/08/2012 42 Engineering Mathematics I (MATH ZC 161)
( )
sin cos Denominator Denominator
where p,q,r
To solve the integral of above form, we
can be evaluated by comparing coefficients of
cos , sin and const
ta
ant terms
ke
d
a x b x
x
dx
x
C p q r
| |
+ + = + +
|
\
Given integral
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31/08/2012 43 Engineering Mathematics I (MATH ZC 161)
The last integral part can be evaluated by using method
described in article 4.14
( ) [ ]
( ) ( )
If is a continuous function on ,
Fundamental Theorem of
, and
,
Calculus
f x a b
f x dx F x C = +

Article: 4.17 Definite Integral

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( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
,
then
b
a
f x dx F x C
f x dx F b F a
= +
=

Example
/ 2
2
0
0
sin cos cos
I II
x x dx x x x dx

(
= +


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BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
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( )
To evaluate
if we are taking a substitution ( ),
then find the values of t corresponding to
and .
b
a
f x dx
x g t
x a x b
=
= =

Remark
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and .
If and
when x = a and x = b respectively, then
x a x b
t A t B
= =
= =
Example
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BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
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Properties of definite integral
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BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
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Example
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( )
of property 7 , as
Example
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( )
of property 4
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If sin and cos are replaced
by tan and cot or
by cosec and sec respectively
x x
x x
x x
Remark
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in the integral I,
then similarly we can evaluate the integral.
Example
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( )
| of property 3
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Thanks
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Thanks