PLC A PDF

Industrial Automation and Control in Construction Plants
Sardar Automation Solutions

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Kurdistan Vision
www.sardarautomation.com
Industrial Automation and Control

PLC architecture and hardware & Wiring :1 Strategies Basic PLC instructions :2 PLC Ladder Logic Language I :3 PLC Ladder Logic Language II :4
1. PLC architecture and hardware

Objectives: Component. Architecture. Functionally. To Distinguish the features of IA computation tasks. Performance specification of CPU, IO, MMI, and communication module. Function modules.

Introductory remarks: Nature of IA computation. interfaced with physical signals. slow/fast. complexity : low medium repetitive and real-time tasks : mostly static scheduling, simple os. critical in nature. ( worst case must be considered in it). harsh environment.

PLC architecture:

Processor Module: Hardware features Standard processor: 80186 CO-processor, IO processor Ram, dual ported ram(read write at same time). EPROM/EEPROM Programmer port Network port back up Battery. Power supply, Internal/External

Typical PLC system: Multiple CPU units. Communication processors. Rack Mounted IO modules. Power Supply

Basic Hardware Architecture:

Data Bus & Address Bus:

Processor Module : software Features Counting: software UP/DN counters (0999) up to 10 100 khz. Timing: several software times (ms-hours). PID controls: Different configurations. Program execution: Cyclic, Time Controlled, interrupt Driven. Computational capabilities: lower compared to normal PCs.

Input Modules: Converts process level signals to processor levels. Provides Isolation: Opto couplers. fault indication for wire break. Analog or Digital. A/D converter to analog input modules: 12 bits. Several channels :32/64 digital channels, 8 analogs channels. Special inputs: thermocouple, RTD, Encoder.

Output Modules: Convert Processor Level to Process level. Isolation Analog Voltage/ Current Drive: servo amps Digital Voltage/Current switching: Triac. Potential free relay contacts ,NO,NC

Analog IO modules: Analog signal termination. PLC bus ports. Simultaneous sample and hold. Multiplexed AD conversation. Analog/Digital output drivers.

Distributed IO modules (remote IO): Intelligent field mounted IO devices. Saving in cabling costs. Prameterizable from processor/ programmer. Improve data integrity. Positioning with analog/digital encoders. High speed counters.

Function Modules: independent modules that execute tasks independently. For precision and high speed tasks precoded control laws self optimizing capability Typical Application: Stepper/servo control. Multi-axis synchronization. Used along with distributed IO systems.

Counter modules: Multiple counters. Count redouble on the fly. High speed count.

Data Paths: Rack - Mount. Back Plane connected with function and i/0 modules. Bus extension possible. Rack slot channel addressing.

Man Machine Interface (MMI,HMI) PLC modules have limited MMI LEDs. Operator panels Push button. Micro/ Multifunction. Mobile. Visualization software running on the pc. SCADA systems with remote terminal units. Panel PC with touch screen.

MMI:

Programming Devices: Handle held programmer tabletop programmer

Communication: point-to- point/ bus/ network/ remote. Modules support for different media: Radio Co-ax FO Different protocols RS232, RS 422/485, Industrial Ethernet Network 10mbp. Field Bus, CAN Bus, Profi Bus Proprietary

Advantages of distributed /network IO Cost Saved on maintenance integrity of high speed signals. Cost save in cabling. Local Sensor diagnostics. Special functions like start up. Centralized coordination/monitoring.

PLC sizes production application ranges 1.micro PLCs 2.small PLCs 3.medium PLCs 4.large PLCs 5.very large PLCs
2. Basic PLC instructions

Processor Scan:

Memory Structure and Capacity:
The memory Overview: The executive memory. Application memory. The executive and scratch pad areas are hidden from the user and can be considered a single area of memory that, for our purpose, is called system memory. On the other hand, the data table and user program areas are accessible and are required by the user for control applications. They are called application memory.

Memory map: Executive Area. The executive is a permanently stored collection of programs that are considered part of the system itself. These supervisory programs direct system activities, such as execution of the control program, communication with peripheral devices, and other system housekeeping activities.

Memory map: Scratch Pad Area. This is a temporary storage area used by the CPU to store a relatively small amount of data for interim calculations and control. The CPU stores data that is needed quickly in this memory area to avoid the longer access time involved with retrieving data from the main memory.

Memory map: Data Table Area. This area stores all data associated with the control program, such as timer/counter preset values and other stored constants and variables used by the control program or CPU. The data table also retains the status information of both the system inputs (once they have been read) and the system outputs (once they have been set by the control program).

Memory map: User Program Area. This area provides storage for programmed instructions entered by the user. The user program area also stores the control program.

Application Memory Map:

Input Table:

Output Table:

Storage Area Table:

Sample: Closed Limit switch to an internal output

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Industrial Automation and Control in Construction Plants

Sardar Automation Solutions

Sardar Automation Solutions

Industrial Automation and Control

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

1. PLC architecture and hardware

Sardar Automation Solutions

2. Basic PLC instructions

Sardar Automation Solutions

2. Basic PLC instructions

Sardar Automation Solutions

2. Basic PLC instructions

Sardar Automation Solutions

2. Basic PLC instructions

Sardar Automation Solutions

2. Basic PLC instructions

Sardar Automation Solutions

2. Basic PLC instructions

Sardar Automation Solutions