Conditional Sentences Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Mixed Conditional

Wednesday, September 21, 2011 Prast Ismanto 4 comments 57 Do you understand Do you know what they mean?
o o

what

these

sentences

imply?

"If you had left earlier, you would have caught the train." or "You will make yourself ill if you eat all those chocolates."

They are called conditional sentences. A conditional sentence consists of two clauses; the if-clause, and the main clause. The if-clause can come first or second. When it comes first, we usually put a comma between the two clauses. There are 4 (four) types of conditional sentences, including mixed conditional.

1. Conditional Sentence Type 1

The if-clause is in the present tense, the main clause uses will and the infinitive, or simple present. Conditional Sentence Type 1 TYP E IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE MEANING

Type 1

Simple present If you work hard,

Simple present you succeed. Simple future you will succeed.

True in the present or possible in future Its possible to happen in the future

When do we use conditional sentence type 1?

a. We use conditional sentence type 1 to talk about possible situations in the present or future. o If you leave earlier, you will not be late.
o

If you open the windows, the room will get some fresh air.

b. We often use conditional type 1 to talk about facts or processes:

o o

If you heat water to 100 degrees, it will boil. If we stare into the sun, we will hurt our eyes.

Note:

Other modal verbs can also be used in place of will and would. o o
2.

If it rains like this all day, the river might flood. (might = will possibly) If it rains like this all day, the river could flood. (could = will be able to)

Conditional Sentence Type 2

The if-clause is in the simple past or the past continuous tense, the main clause uses would and the infinitive, or would be and the present participle (Verb-ing). Conditional Sentence Type 2 TYP E IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE MEANING

Type 2

Simple past If you worked hard, Past continuous If it were not raining now,

would + simple form you would succeed. would be + present participle I would be going out for a walk.

Untrue in the present Fact: You dont work hard, so you dont succeed Fact:Its raining now, so Im not going out for a walk.

When do we use conditional sentence type 2?

Conditional sentence type 2 is used to talk about actions or situations that are not taking place in the present or future, but we can imagine the probable result. o o If we didnt live in a big city, we would not have to breathe polluted air everyday. (In truth, we live in a big city) If he were here, I would tell him about my plan. (In fact, he isnt here)

Note:
Were is used for both singular and plural subjects. The use of type 2 conditional in If I were you, I would is a common form of advice.
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Conditional Sentence Type 3

The if-clause is in the past perfect or the past perfect continuous tense, the main clause uses would have and past participle (Verb 3), or would have been and present participle (Verb-ing).

Conditional Sentence Type 3 TYP E IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE MEANING

Type 3

Past perfect If you had worked hard, Past perfect continuous If it had not been raining yesterday afternoon,

would have + past participle you would have succeeded. would have been + present participle I would have been going out for a walk.

Untrue in the past Fact: You didnt work hard, so you didnt succeed. Fact: It was raining yesterday afternoon. I was not going out for a walk.

When do we use conditional sentence type 3?

Conditional sentence type 3 is used to talk about actions or situations that did not take or were not taking place in the past, but we can imagine the probable result. o o
2.

If you had come to the party last night, you would have met my cousin. (In truth, you didnt come to the party last night) If he had not been late this morning, his teacher would not have punished him. (In truth, he was late)

Mixed Conditional Sentence

Mixed conditional sentence is a combination of conditional sentence type 2 and conditional sentence type 3. Mixed Conditional Sentence TYP E IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE MEANING

Mixe d Type

Simple past If I were a bird, Past perfect If you had worked hard,

would have + past participle I would have flown to your place last night. would + simple form you would succeed.

Untrue in the present or future. Fact: I am not a bird, so I didnt fly to your place. Untrue in the past. Fact: You didnt work hard. Now, you dont succeed.

When do we use mixed conditional sentence?

Mixed conditional sentence is used to talk about actions or situations that did not take or were not taking place in the past, but we can imagine the probable result in the present, or actions or situations that do not take place in the present, but we can imagine the probable result in the past. o o If you lived near the factory, you would have heard the sound of the explosion. (In truth, you dont live near the factory. Therefore, you didn't hear the sound of the explosion.) If he had not been late this morning, he would be permitted to join the test. (In truth, he was late. Therefore, he is not permitted to join the test.)

To do the exercise or test on conditional sentences, read and download (free) Interactive Grammar Test: Conditional Sentence. To read how conditional sentence is used as a testing point in TOEFL Test, please read Tips TOEFL: Strategi Mengerjakan Test TOEFL Dengan Mengenali Testing Point. Reference: 1. Azar B.S. Understanding and Using English Grammar (2nd Ed) . NJ: Prentice-Hall. Inc, 1989. 2. Thomson & Martinet. A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed) . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. 3. Swan, M. Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.

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Grammar Exercise: Conditional Sentences

Monday, October 01, 2012 Prast Ismanto No comments ?

A. Complete the following conditional sentences. Use type 1, 2, 3, or mixed conditional.

1. If I were you, I (consult) with the advisor before making a decision. a. will consult b. would consult c. would have consulted d. would have been consulted

e. consulted 2. If we (come) earlier, we would not have missed that great speaker. a. came b. come c. have come d. are coming e. had come 3. You would not be in such a problem if you (listen) to your parents' advice. a. will listen b. had listened c. have listened d. are listening e. listen 4. Im pretty sure that if he (know) the consequences, he wouldnt have done such a silly act. a. had known b. knew c. know d. would have known e. would know 5. If you know her better, you (find) that she is a nice and lovable person. a. found b. would find c. had found d. find e. will find 6. He (not be) happy at all if he knows what you have done to his cat. a. would not be b. is not c. will not be

d. were not e. had not been 7. If I were the same age as her, I (probably fall) in love with her. a. will probably fall b. is probably falling c. probably falls d. would probably fall e. would probably have fallen 8. Unless you do something about it, this problem (still exist). a. will still exist b. still exists c. would still exist d. still existed e. would still have existed 9. If you (scan) the flash disk before opening it, the virus wouldnt have infected your computer. a. scanned b. scan c. would scan d. have scanned e. had scanned 10. She wouldnt have been mad at you if you (explain) what had actually happened. a. explained b. explain c. had explained d. were explaining e. have expained 11. If you didnt tell me, I (never realize) the truth. a. would never have realized b. will never have realized

c. will never realize d. never realized e. would never realize 12. I wouldnt care about you and what you do if you (be not) my friend. a. will not be b. would not be c. are not d. were not e. had not been 13. If Columbus (not discover) America, the world history would be totally different from the one we know today. a. does not discover b. would not discover c. would not have discovered d. have not discovered e. had not discovered 14. If the factory (be) closed, the economy in that small town would have been greatly affected. a. is b. were c. had been d. was e. has been 15. If you (not remind) me, I would have forgotten that today we are having an English test. a. do not remind b. had not reminded c. did not remind d. will not remind e. have not reminded 16. He would have left the party if she (not ask) him to stay.

a. did not ask b. does not ask c. had not asked d. were not asked e. was not asking 17. If we opened the windows, Im sure the air in this room (be) fresh. a. is b. was c. were d. will be e. would be 18. Im sure that if you (be) more relaxed, you would have done better in the listening test. a. were b. had been c. are d. have been e. would be 19. You wont be able to think clearly if you (be) depressed. a. were b. had been c. would be d. are e. have been 20. If I (know) about this, I would never have decided to come to this crowded place. a. knew b. know c. have known d. would have known e. had known

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