GG
Uploaded by
Charles MasonGG
Uploaded by
Charles Mason170
INTEGRATING CBT & HYPNOSIS
The CBT was based on the manual produced by Beck et al. (1979), and the CH was based on a paper by Alladin (1994), which was extended to become a treatment manual. In addition to CBT, the CH group had hypnotherapy consisting of (a) counting with a relaxation method of hypnotic induction and deepening of trance (adapted from Gibbons, 1979), (b) ego-strengthening suggestions (adapted from Hammond, 1990, and Hartland, 1971), (c) forward projection (image of effective coping and gradual improvement in the future), and (d) for each client, a self-hypnosis tape with egostrengthening suggestions for home practice. The outcome measures consisted of the clients scores on the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The inclusion criteria were a DSM-IV diagnosis of recurrent major depressive disorder and a minimum objective score of 3 on the Barber Suggestibility Scale (BSS). The measures were administered in the first, fourth, eighth, twelfth, and sixteenth sessions, and at the 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. Table 6.1 shows the level of improvement in the two treatment groups. At the end of the 16-week treatment, the majority of the patients from both groups significantly improved compared to the baseline scores. However, the CH group produced significantly larger changes in the BDI-II [t(41) = 15.9, p < .001], the BAI [t(41) = 12.2, p < .001], and the BHS [t(41) = 12.4, p < .001] scores. The improvements were maintained at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. In addition, effect size calculations indicated the CH group produced a 6.03% greater reduction in depression, a 5.08% greater reduction in anxiety, and a 8.05% greater reduction in hopelessness than the CBT group at the termination of treatment. The effect size was maintained at 6month and 12-month follow-ups. These results indicate that the depressives from the CH group continued to improve after the termination of treatment, which can be attributed to the self-hypnosis tape. The subjects from the CH group reported that they found it very helpful to listen to their self-hypnosis tape daily after the termination of the treatment. There was also a correlation between hypnotic suggestibility and treatment outcome. Irrespective of treatment modality, the moderate to highly susceptible subjects produced significantly more improvement than the less suggestible subjects. This was more apparent at the termination of treatment (week 16) and during follow-ups (weeks 42 and 68). These results clearly dem-