International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue3- 2013

Remote Tracking and Breaking System for

Vehicles
P. Rohitha, P. Ranjeet Kumarm, K.Anjaneylu , Prof.T.Venkat Narayana Rao Student, B.Tech Final Year , E.E.C, , KKR & KSR Institute of Technology and Sciences Vinjanampadu, Guntur., A.P, INDIA Student, B.Tech II Year, C.S.E, KKR & KSR Institute of Technology and Sciences Vinjanampadu, Guntur., A.P, INDIA Asst Professor, E.C.E, KKR & KSR Institute of Technology and Sciences Vinjanampadu, Guntur., A.P, INDIA Professor, C.S.E, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, R.R District, Hyderabad, A.P, INDIA

Abstract The recent world is reeling under a immense traffic

in both rural and urban cities. Here in this paper we have proposed to control the traffic issue presently observed in cities dealing large population and inadequate infrastructure. Now a days road safety enforcement and traffic regulation is very difficult. To overcome this problem the interface is designed in this paper is cost effective, efficient and easy to implement on already existing vehicles. Consider a city or town, which is divided into physical zones, which are classified according to different speed ranges. A transmitter is placed at all exit and entry points of the interface of zones that transmits a message signal at carrier frequency, indicating the upper limit value of the zone speed range into which the vehicle is entering at that moment. The receiver, which gives the message as an input to a preprogrammed microcontroller, embedded within the automobile, which compares the speed of the vehicle measured by a sensor at the maximum allowable speed and automatically regulates the speed of the vehicle. The speed of the vehicle can be varied by varying the duty cycle of the pulse input. The entire system is a low cost variable electronic speed governor, small and easy to assemble onto an existing vehicle without disturbing its present arrangement. Keywords: Zones, Microcontroller, transmitter, receiver, speed.

by using a suitable capacitive filter. The constant voltage is provided using a voltage regulator 7805 for +5V and 7812 for +12V. II. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE A. Block Diagram of Zone Section.

The zone section is described in the following figure1. Comprising of power supply, Display, inputs, Microprocessor AT89852 along with encoder and out device.

I. INTRODUCTION In this paper, we are concerned of providing a Tracking and breaking system for vehicles with the help of some obstacle detecting sensors used to detect the vehicle. It detects the vehicle when it enters the zone and automatically controls the speed of the vehicle. This paper consists of two sections. The transmitter section consists of an IR sensor, a motor a micro controller and a RF encoder, RF transmitter module. IR sensor, which is used for detecting the vehicle. If any vehicle enters the zone, IR sensors present at the zone section detects the vehicle and controls the speed until it leaves the zone. This system can be implemented on an already existing vehicle. Present paper is designed using AT89S52 microcontroller to develop an anti-theft system for museums and jewelry shops [1]. The incoming 230V A.C (Alternate Current). power is step down to 12V using a transformer. The A.C power is converted into pulsating dc using a bridge rectifier. The pulsating components or ripples are removed

FIG1:BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ZONE SECTION

B.VEHICLE SECTION The vehicle section is described in figure2and Figure3.

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Microcontroller is a microprocessor designed especially for controlled applications and is equipped with ROM, RAM and I/O on a single chip. Encoder simply HT12E Converts parallel inputs in to Serial outputs. It encodes 12-Bit parallel data in to serial for transmission through RF transmitter. These 12-bits are divided in to 8 address bits and 4 data bits. LCD Display LCD Modules can present textual information to user. Its like a cheap monitor that you can hook in all of your gadgets. They come in various types [3]. The most popular one is 16x2 LCD Module. It has 2 rows and 16 columns. RF Transmitter The RF module, as the name suggests, operates at Radio Frequency. The corresponding frequency range varies between 30 kHz & 300 GHz. infrared light of the transmitter strikes the object to be detected and is reflected in a diffuse way. Part of the reflected light strikes the receiver and starts the switching operation.

FIG3 : IC- PIN DIAGRAM

FIG2: B LOCK DIAGRAM OF VEHICLE SECTION

Power Supply: This paper uses regulated 5V, operating frequency 11.09MHz,500mA powersupply,7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. IR Transmitter And Receiver: Infrared (IR) radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.IR wavelengths are usually expressed in microns, with the lR spectrum extending from 0.7 to 1000microns. Transmitter and receiver are incorporated in a single housing. The modulated infrared light of the transmitter strikes the object to be detected and is reflected in a diffuse way. Part of the reflected light strikes the receiver and starts the switching operation RF Receiver: Transmitter and receiver are incorporated in a single housing. The modulated

Decoder: In simple terms, HT12D converts the serial input into parallel outputs. It decodes the serial addresses and data received by, say, an RF receiver, into parallel data and sends them to output data pins Motor Driver: A system consists of elector motor and accessory parts, used to power supply . In this case we use 12 V range. Pin Diagram: The AT89S52 is a 40 pin IC with Dual In line package. There are 4 ports P0,P1,P2 and P3 with 32 I/O Pin as shown in the figure 3. Pin description: - VCC: Supply voltage, GND: Ground. Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When ones are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high impedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed low order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pullups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification [2]. Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also receives

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the low-order address bytes programming and verification. during Flash For example a 5V regulated power supply system is shown in the figure 4. The transformer shown in the figure5 is an electrical device which is used to convert electrical power from one Electrical circuit to another without change in frequency. Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to another with little loss of power. Transformers work only with AC and this is one of the reasons why mains electricity is AC. Step-up transformers increase in output voltage, step-down transformers decrease in output voltage. Most power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the dangerously high mains voltage to a safer low voltage. The input coil is called the primary and the output coil is called the secondary.

Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memories that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @DPTR). In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memories that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification. Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups.

FIG 5: ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER

Rectifier: As shown in figure 6 a circuit which is used to convert a.c to dc is known as Rectifier. The process of conversion a.c to d.c is called rectification

FIG 4 :COMPONENTS OF A TYPICAL POWER SUPPLY

FIG 6: RECTIFIER

The power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for electronic circuits and other devices. A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function. A d.c power supply which maintains the output voltage constant irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load variations is known as Regulated D.C Power Supply

Filter: A Filter is a device which removes the a.c component of rectifier output but allows the d.c component to reach the load. Regulator: Voltage regulator, shown in the figure 6. ICs is available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output voltages. The maximum current they can pass also rates them. Negative voltage regulators are available, mainly for use in dual supplies [4]. Most regulators include some automatic

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protection from excessive current ('overload protection') and overheating ('thermal protection'). Many of the fixed voltage regulator ICs have 3 leads and look like power transistors, such as the 7805 +5V 1A regulator shown on the right. The LM7805 is simple to use. You simply connect the positive lead of your unregulated DC power supply (anything from 9VDC to 24VDC) to the Input pin, connect the negative lead to the Common pin and then when you turn on the power, you get a 5 volt supply from the output pin, shown in figure 7.

Step 4: The conditions are verified by using while statements as if(ir1==0 && ir2==1 && ir3==1 && ir4==1). If the statement is true then LCD displays zone1 entered. Step 5: Similarly the while conditions are verified as else if(ir1==1 && ir2==0 && ir3==1 && ir4==1 &&\ f1==0) LCD displays as zone1 exit else if(ir1==1 && ir2==1 && ir3==0 && ir4==1) LCD displays as zone2 entered else if(ir1==1 && ir2==1 && ir3==1 && ir4==0 && f2==0) LCD displays as zone2 exit. else if(ir1==1 && ir2==1 && ir3==1 && ir4==1 && f1==1&&f2==1)LCD. displays as normal mode. Algorithm for Vehicle Section Step 1: Assign the header files reg51.h and lcd.h Step 2: The single bits are assigned to the ports by the IR sensors. Step 3: The LCD commands are assigned for displaying purpose and a delay is 1000ms is assigned. Step 4: The conditions are verified by using while statements as: \ if(ir1==0 && ir2==1 && ir3==1 && ir4==1) If the statement is true then LCD displays zone1. Step 5: Similarly the while conditions are verified as if(ir1==1 && ir2==0 && ir3==1 && ir4==1 && f1==0) LCD displays as zone1 exit else if(ir1==1 && ir2==1 && ir3==0 && ir4==1) LCD displays as zone2 entered else if(ir1==1 && ir2==1 && ir3==1 && ir4==0 && f2==0) LCD displays as zone2 exit else if(ir1==1 && ir2==1 && ir3==1 && ir4==1 && f1==1 && f2==1 ) LCD show normal mode A. Experimental Readings/Findings The experimental readings for this are as listed in table1. TABLE I.EXPERIMENTAL READINGS
DEVICE RANGE

FIG7: A THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR

III. IMPLEMENTATION The design tools and programming software used for the implementation are as follows. -Design tool Proteus -Software programmer Keil software The program is written in the embedded c language. It is stored in the internal memory of the microcontroller. The KEIL compiler is used for the execution of the program. It will be tested on proteus software by dumping program into microcontroller. The steps included in this are This paper is mainly concerned with tracking the zone and breaking the vehicle speed with the help of microcontroller, IR sensor, lcd display, RF transmitter and receiver. It deals with two sections. One is zone section and the other one is vehicle section [4]. To employee this system we have to place a vehicle section inside the vehicle. This should be done during manufacturing of vehicle. However this can be implemented on an already existing vehicles. The IR transmitter detects the vehicle when entered and stops transmissions to receiver which indicates that the vehicle has been detected. Thus limits speed of that vehicle to fixed range. when the vehicle leaves the zone it automatically gains its previous speed. The lcd display at the transmitter section are employed to display the mode in which it operates.

Power supply IC Encoder LCD DISPLAY RF TRANSMITTER POWER SUPPLY PORT 0 Port 1 Port 2 Port 3

5V 40 pin 12-bits are Divided in to 8 address bits and 4 data bits 16x2 LCD Module between 30 kHz & 300 GHz Operating-frequency 11.09MHz,500mA 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port 8-bit bi-directional I/O port 8-bit bi-directional I/O port 8-bit bi-directional I/O port

Algorithm for Zone Section

Step 1: Assign the header files reg51.h and lcd.h Step 2: The single bits are assigned to the ports by the IR sensors. Step 3: The LCD commands are assigned for displaying purpose and a delay is 1000ms is assigned.

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OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES[KITS], vinjanampadu, Guntur, AP, INDIA.

B. Testing The components power supply, microcontroller, IR sensor, lcd display, RF transmitter and receiver, door control system and switch are placed on a PCB and the connection are made as per the circuit diagram. Now if we place the vehicle between IR sensors it detects the vehicle presence and sends data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller sends the data to the RF encoder, it then encodes the message and transmits through the RF transmitter to the receiver section [5]. The RF receiver receives the information through RF communication, then decodes the message using the RF decoder and then gives it to the microcontroller. It then send the data to vehicle section and lcd display. C. Result of Implementation Whenever we place the vehicle before the IR sensor, it detects the vehicle presence and sends the data to the microcontroller, which in turn sends it to the RF encoder. The RF encoder encodes the message and sends it to the RF transmitter. The RF receiver receives the data through RF communication, then it decodes the message and sends it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller passes it to the vehicle section and the lcd display. Finally the vehicle section and lcd display responds to the message transmitted to them and limits speed [6]. CONCLUSION Tracking And Breaking System For Vehicles has been successfully designed and tested. And it can be used without any manual involvement. It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced ICs and with the help of growing technology the paper has been successfully implemented. #1. P. Rohitha is Pursuing B.Tech Fourth year in Electronics and
Communication Engineering from KKR & KSR Institute of Technology and Sciences [KITS], Vinjanampadu, Guntur., A.P, INDIA, and Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU) , Kakinada, A.P, India. She has published 4 papers in international Journals and has won many prizes in techno fests and other contests. #2. Asst Professor K.Anjaneylu received B.E in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Acharya Nagarjuna University, India, holds a M.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Acharya Nagarjuna University. He has 5 years of vast experience in Electronics and Communication Engineering areas. He is presently persuing his Ph.D from Acharya Nagarjuna University. Presently he is working as the Assistant Professor at KKR & KSR INSTITUTE

#3. P. Ranjeet Kumar is Pursuing B.Tech Second year in Computer Science Engineering from KKR & KSR Institute of Technology and Sciences [KITS], Vinjanampadu, Guntur., A.P, INDIA, and Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU) , Kakinada, A.P, India.He has published 2 papers in International journals and has participated in many workshops, seminars has won in technical competitions like poster presentation and quizzes. #4.Prof. T.Venkat Narayana Rao, received B.E in Computer Technology and Engineering from Nagpur University, Nagpur, India, M.B.A (Systems), holds a M.Tech in Computer Science and engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, A.P., India and a Research Scholar in JNTU. He has 21 years of vast experience in Computer Science and Engineering areas pertaining to academics and industry related I.T issues. He is presently Professor , Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus , R.R District , A.P, INDIA. He is nominated as an Editor and Reviewer to 28 International journals and published 38 papers relating to Computer Science and Information Technology. He is currently working on research areas which include Digital Image Processing, Digital Watermarking, Data Mining, Network Security and other emerging areas of Information Technology. He can be reached at tvnrbobby@yahoo.com

REFERENCES
[1] M. Enzweiler and D. M. Gavrila, Monocular pedestrian detection: Survey and experiments, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 21792195, 2009. [2] S. Munder, C. Schnorr, and D. M. Gavrila, Pedestrian detection and tracking using a mixture of view-based shape-texture models, IEEE Trans. on ITS, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 333343, 2008. [3] A. Broggi et al., Scenario-driven search for pedestrians aimed at triggering non-reversible systems, in Proc. of the IEEE IV, 2009, pp. 285291. [4] R. Isermann, M. Schorn, and U. Stahlin, Anticollision system proreta with automatic braking and steering, Vehicle System Dynamics, vol. 46, pp. 683 694, 2008. [5] C. Rabe, U. Franke, and S. Gehrig, Fast detection of moving objects in complex scenarios, in Proc. of the IEEE IV, 2007, pp. 398403. [6] C. Tomasi and T. Kanade, Detection and tracking of point features, Tech. Rep. CMU-CS-91-132, 1991.

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