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    Schläfli Symbol

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    AngieLee
    The Schläfli symbol is used to describe regular polygons, polyhedra, and higher-dimensional counterparts. It denotes a regular polygon for integer -gons using {n}, or a star polygon for rational using {p/q}. For polyhedra, the symbol {p,q} describes a regular polyhedron with p-gon faces and q faces surrounding each vertex. Higher dimensional symbols can describe regular polytopes. The symbol reverses for dual figures. Extended Schläfli symbols and Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams are also used.

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    Schläfli Symbol

    Uploaded by

    AngieLee
    594 views5 pages
    The Schläfli symbol is used to describe regular polygons, polyhedra, and higher-dimensional counterparts. It denotes a regular polygon for integer -gons using {n}, or a star polygon for rational using {p/q}. For polyhedra, the symbol {p,q} describes a regular polyhedron with p-gon faces and q faces surrounding each vertex. Higher dimensional symbols can describe regular polytopes. The symbol reverses for dual figures. Extended Schläfli symbols and Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams are also used.

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    The Schläfli symbol is used to describe regular polygons, polyhedra, and higher-dimensional counterparts. It denotes a regular polygon for integer -gons using {n}, or a star polygon for rational using {p/q}. For polyhedra, the symbol {p,q} describes a regular polyhedron with p-gon faces and q faces surrounding each vertex. Higher dimensional symbols can describe regular polytopes. The symbol reverses for dual figures. Extended Schläfli symbols and Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams are also used.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    594 views5 pages

    Schläfli Symbol

    Uploaded by

    AngieLee
    The Schläfli symbol is used to describe regular polygons, polyhedra, and higher-dimensional counterparts. It denotes a regular polygon for integer -gons using {n}, or a star polygon for rational using {p/q}. For polyhedra, the symbol {p,q} describes a regular polyhedron with p-gon faces and q faces surrounding each vertex. Higher dimensional symbols can describe regular polytopes. The symbol reverses for dual figures. Extended Schläfli symbols and Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams are also used.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Schlfli Symbol

    A symbol of the form counterparts.

    used to describe regular polygons, polyhedra, and their higher-dimensional

    The symbol

    denotes a regular polygon for integer -gons, with

    , or a star polygon for rational

    . The symbol

    denotes

    a tessellation of regular

    of them surrounding each polytope vertex. The Schlfli symbol can also be

    used to describe Platonic solids and Kepler-Poinsot solids, and a generalized version describes quasiregular polyhedra and Archimedean solids. Higher dimensional symbols can be used to describe the regular polychora and polytopes.

    The symbol has the particularly nice property that its reversal gives the symbol of the dual polyhedron. The following tables gives Schlfli symbols for several polytopes.

    polyhedron great stellated dodecahedron small stellated dodecahedron great icosahedron tetrahedron pentatope -simplex 16-cell

    symbol

    -cross polytope

    600-cell octahedron

    24-cell icosahedron cube tesseract

    -hypercube

    great dodecahedron dodecahedron 120-cell

    The Schlfli symbol of a regular polygon with n edges is {n}. For example, a regular pentagon is represented by {5}. See the convex regular polygon and nonconvex star polygon. For example, {5/2} is the pentagram. The Schlfli symbol of a regular polyhedron is {p,q} if its faces are p-gons, and each vertex is surrounded by q faces (the vertex figure is a q-gon). For example {5,3} is the regular dodecahedron. It has pentagonal faces, and 3 pentagons around each vertex. See the 5 convex Platonic solids, the 4 nonconvex Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra. Schlfli symbols may also be defined for regular tessellations of Euclidean or hyperbolic space in a similar way. For example, the Hexagonal tiling is represented by {6,3}. For polyhedra, one extended Schlfli symbol is used in the 1954 paper by Coxeter enumerating the paper tiled uniform polyhedra. Every regular polyhedron or tiling {p,q} has 7 forms, including the regular form and its dual, corresponding to positions within the fundamental right triangle. An 8th special form, the snubs, correspond to an alternation of the omnitruncated form.

    For instance, t{3,3} simply means truncated tetrahedron. A second, more general notation, also used by Coxeter applies to all dimensions, and are specified by a t followed by a list of indices corresponding to Wythoff construction mirrors. (They also correspond to ringed nodes in a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram.) For example, the truncated hexahedron can be represented by t0,1{4,3} and it can be seen as midway between the cube, t0{4,3}, and the cuboctahedron, t1{4,3}. In each a Wythoff construction operational name is given first. Second some have alternate terminology (given in parentheses) apply only for a given dimension. Specifically omnitruncation and expansion, as well as dual relations apply differently in each dimension.

    Operation

    Extended Schlfli Symbols

    CoxeterWythoff Dynkin symbol Diagram

    Parent

    t0{p,q}

    q|2p

    Rectified (Quasiregular)

    t1{p,q}

    2|pq

    Birectified (or dual)

    t2{p,q}

    p|2q

    Truncated

    t0,1{p,q}

    2q|p

    Bitruncated (or truncated dual)

    t1,2{p,q}

    2p|q

    Cantellated (or expanded)

    t0,2{p,q}

    pq|2

    Cantitruncated (or omnitruncated)

    t0,1,2{p,q}

    2pq|

    Snub

    s{p,q}

    |2pq

    In geometry, a regular star polygon is a self-intersecting, equilateral equiangular polygon, created by connecting one vertex of a simple, regular, p-sided polygon to another, non-adjacent vertex and continuing the process until the original vertex is reached again.[2] Alternatively for integers p and q, it can be considered as being constructed by connecting every qth point out of p points regularly spaced in a circular placement.[3] For instance, in a regular pentagon, a five-pointed star can be obtained by drawing a line from the first to the third vertex, from the third vertex to the fifth vertex, from the fifth vertex to the second vertex, from the second vertex to the fourth vertex, and from the fourth vertex to the first vertex.

    Examples

    {5/2}

    {7/2}

    {7/3}

    {8/3}

    {9/2}

    {9/4}

    {10/3}

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