Science Question answers lesson1,2 Q.1. State the principle of magnetic compass. A.1.

A freely suspended magnet comes to rest in north and south direction. Q.2.State the uses of magnetic compass. A.2. A magnetic compass used to find direction in desert,ship,aeroplane. Q.3. Which geographical pole is downward on the sphere of the earth? A.3. South pole is downward on the sphers of the earth. Q.4. Which magnetic pole of the earth is near its geographical south pole? A.4. The magnetic south pole of the earth is near its geographical north pole. Q.5. In which part of a magnet is strong magnetic field found? A.5. Strong magnetic field is found near both the poles of magnet.

Q.6. What is a large group of tiny magnets present in a magnet called? A.6. A large group of tiny magnets present in a magnet called domain. Q.7. Which type of magnet is used in an electric bell? A.7. Electro magnet is used in electric bell. Q.8. Mention the colour change by addition of 2-3 drops of iodine solution on wheat flour. A.8. By addition of 2-3 drops of iodine solution on wheat flour it becomes blue or black colour. Q.9. Which is the main constituent of diet that provides energy and heat to the body? A.9. Carbohydrates is the main constituent of diet that provides energy and heat to the body. Q.10. Which constituent of diet is available from oily food ? A.10. Fats is available from oily food. Q.11. Which constituent of diet releases (produces) double or more than double energy as compared to

Carbohydrates? A.11. Fats is a constituent of diet releases (produces) double or more than double energy as compared to Carbohydrate. Q.12. Which constituent of diet is available to us from pulses? A.12. Protein is available to us from pulses . Q.13. Which constituent of diet is necessary for the structural constitution of bones? A.13. Calcium and phosphorus is necessary for the structural constitution of bones. Q.14. Which vitamin is essential for healthy eyes? A.14.VitaminA is essential for healthy eyes. Q.15. Due to deficiency of which vitamin ,rickets occur? A.15. Due to deficiency of vitaminD , rickets occur. Q.16. Which vitamin occurs in large amount in gooseberry (amla)?

A.16.VitaminC occurs in large amount in gooseberry (amla). Q.17. Due to deficiency of which vitamin ,beriberi occurs? A.17. Due to deficiency of vitaminB beriberi occurs. Q.18. Which deficiency disease occurs due to deficiency of vitaminC ? A.18. Due to deficiency of vitaminC scurvy occurs. Q.19. Which deficiency disease occurs in due to deficiency of vitaminD? A.19. Due to deficiency of vitaminD rickets occur. Q.20. Which vitamin is synthesis in our body when sun rays fall on the body? A.20. VitaminD is synthesis in body when sun rays fall straight on the body. Q.21. Which vitamin can be synthesis in our body? A.21.VitaminD and vitamin k can be synthesis in our body.

Q.22. Which deficiency disease occurs due to deficiency of iron? A.22.Enemia occurs due to deficiency of iron. ANSWER IN BRIEF. Q.1. Why does a bar magnet suspended to rotate come to rest in the north and south direction? A.1. The earth behaves like a magnet the magnetic south pole of the earth is near its geographic north pole And the magnetic north pole is near its geographic southpole unlike poles attract each other so the magnetic South pole of the earth attracts the north pole of the freely suspended magnet as a result the the north Pole of the magnet becomes steady towards the geographic south pole that is north direction of the earth Thus a bar magnet rotate freely under the effect of magnetic field of the earth comes to rest in the north And south direction.

Q.2. Explain magnetic field lines of a magnet by drawing a figure. A.2. Place a white blank paper on a drawing board place a bar magnet under the paper spread the iron dust Uniformly on the paper now tap the paper slowly with a finger the iron feelings will arrange itself in curved Lines in a definate pattern as shown in figure this definate pattern arranged around the magnet is called Magnetic field lines. Q.3.What is the difference in domain of iron and that of magnet? A.3. In iron domains are oriented at random while in magnet domains are arranged systematically in the same Direction. Q.4. How does the magnetism of a magnet get destroyed? A.4. The magnetism of a magnet get destroyed due to heating a magnet striking a magnet frequently hammering a magnet with a device like hammer keeping the like poles of two magnet near to each other for

A long time. Q.5. State six household items in which magnet is used. A.5. Six house hold items in which magnet is used are washingmachine ,refrigerator,taperecorder ,chapples with Magnet ,crane and microphone. Q.6.State the constituents of diet. A.6. Carbohydrate fats (lipids) proteins vitamins and mineral water. Q.7. Which food supply carbohydrates to us? Or state the sources of carbohydrate? A.7. Cereals such as wheat bajri (pearl millet) rice jowar maize etc bulbs such as potato sweetpotato beet Etc sweet food substances such as sugarcane jaggery (gur) honey sugar supply carbohydrates to us . Q.8. How are carbohydrates and fats useful to us? A.8.Carbohydrates and fats give energy and warmth to the body. Q.9. State the sources of fats (lipids)?

A.9. Sources of fats(lipids) are groundnut ,coconutoil,sesame,caromseed etc. like plant provide ghee ,butter, Cheese , egg and casheunut . Q.10. Mention the importance of fats ? A.10. It provides heat and energy to our body compared to carbohydrate , fat provides double or more than double energy it play an important role in the constituent of cells and muscles additional fat gets deposited under our skin it is utilized at the time of requirement of body I.E. to obtain nutrition in an adverse condition to protect the body against cold it is essential for the absorption of fat soluble vitamins such vitamin A ,D ,E AND K. Q.11. State the sources of proteins . A.11. Proteins of plant origin can be obtained from groundnut and soyabean pulses such as pigeon pea tuver mung bean greengram chana kidney beans green pea etc such proteins are called plant proteins . proteins of animal origin can be obtained from milk butter paneer eggs meat and fish . ( such proteins are called animal proteins ).

Q.12. State the importance of proteins . A.12. For the constitution of cell as tissue for the constituent of enzyme required for to catalyse biochemical process in our body for muscle contraction in the constitution of harmones to transport of various constituents through blood to provide immune power against disease . Q.13. State the important minerals available from our diet . A.13. Calcium [ca] ,iron [ fe ],phosphorus [ p ] ,sulphur [ s ] ,iodine [ I ] . Q.14. State any four types of vitamins and state the disease caused due to their deficiency ? A.14. VitaminA diseases related with eye and skin , vitaminB beriberi , vitamin C Scyrvy , vitaminD Rickets . Q.15. State the importance of water in our boby ? A.15.It is important medium for biochemical reactions occurring within the body water is required for transport of gases nutrients and excretory substance in the body

water is required to maintain the trempature of the body. Q.16. State the sources of following diet . A.16. MINERAL SALTS : Green vegetables , milk ,curd , buttermilk , beat , dryfruits , onion , seafood ,iodized salt . A.16. VITAMINS : Milk , greenleafy vegetables , carrot , soyabean , tomatoes , butter , fish , citrus fruit , groundnut , pulses , potatoes , codliver oil . Q.17. State how the following mineral salts are useful to our body : A.17. CALCIUM : Essential for the structure of bones . IRON : Sythesis of hemoglobin .

Phosphorus : Useful in formation of bones . IODINE : Deficiency creates goiter .

Q.18 . State the chemical test to detect the presence of carbohydrate in the edible food substances . A.18. Take some food sample and put 2-3 drops of iodine solution on them if the food item contains carbohydrates

it will became black in the presence of iodine solution and if it does not contain carbohydrate the colour will not change . Q.19. State the chemical test to detect the presence of protein in the edible food substances . A.19. Take a pinch of given flour of edible food substance add 10-12 drops of caustic soda (naoh) on it there After add 2-3 drops of solution of blue vitrol (cuso)if it converts into purple (violet) colour then protein is present in it . Q.20. What is meant by deficiency disease ? state the name of deficiency disease . A.20. The diseases that occur due to the deficiency of particular nutrients in diet is called deficiency disease .

DEFINE .1. MAGNETIC FIELD : The space in which magnetic effect of a magnet is observed is known as magnetic field Of a magnet .

.2. MAGNETIC FIELD LINES : Spreading iron feelings uniformly around a magnet and tapping slowly the iron Feelings around itself in curved lines in a definate pattern this pattern arranged Around the magnet is called magnetic field lines . .3. BALANCED DIET : The food that can provide necessary energy and all sufficient nutrients of the diet To the body is called balanced diet . .4. DEFICIENCY DISEASES: Diseases caused by incomplete diet are called deficiency diseases .

TRUE OR FALSE . .1. By adding 2-3 drops of iodine solution on carbohydrate it becomes yellowish . FALSE .2. Pulses become easily digestable if eaten after boiling them . TRUE .3. Due to deficiency of vitamin c scurvy occurs . TRUE

.4. Goitre is a deficiency disease caused due to deficiency of mineral salts .FALSE .5. Pellagra is a deficiency disease caused due to deficiency of vitamin . TRUE

IDENTIY ME . .1. I am the main constituent and energy source of diet . CARBOHYDRATE .2. I am the constituent of diet . CARBOHYDRATES .3. I provide the double the amount of energy than that by carbohydrates . FATS .4. I am the constituent of diet that provides immune power against infection or disease . PROTEINS .5. I am essential vitamin for immunity in body . VITAMIN C GIVE REASONS .1. A magnetic needle is used in magnetic compass : is used to decide direction in an aeroplane , steamer and

desert a magnetic needle free to rotate in horizontal plane shows north south direction thus using a magnetic Needle the direction can be decided with the magnetic compass hence magnetic needle is used in magnetic compass . .2. By rubbing a magnet on an iron needle for some time the needle becomes a magnet : there are domains in Iron needle but they are arranged in random position when a magnet is rubbed on the iron needle in one direction so the iron needle gets converted into a magnet . .3. Green leafy vegetables should be taken in diet : green leafy vegetables taken in diet provide necessary Mineral substances and vitamins adequate proportion to the body moreover the fibers contained in green Leafy vegetables help in the proper digestion of food as well as in the proper digestion of food in the digestive Track hence green leafy vegetables should be taken .

.4. Small children should be given protein rich diet : because small children grow rapidly protein are essential For formation of new tissues proteins help in regulation of biological process proteins give protection against Infection or disease . .5. Children should be allowed to play in mild sunlight : because mild sublight contains vitamind which is essential for the growth and strength of bones when the sunrays fall on the skin vitamind synthesized beneath The skin deficiency of vitamin d causes rickets. .6. Milk is considered a complete diet : because milk contains all the constituents of food expect vitamin c that Is carbohydrates proteins minerals fats and vitamins. ANSWER IN DETAIL. Q.1. Write a shortnote on magnetic compass with figure. A.1. CONSTRUCTION: There is a cylindrical box of alluminium or brass with a glass cover there is a circular Dial in it where directions are marked a magnetic needle is pivoted on a vertical axis such that it can rotate freely

in a horizontal plane the axis of magnetic needle is placed at the centre of the box and the box is closed. WORKING : TO decide the correct direction with the help of a magnetic compass the north pole of the magnetic needle is brought over the north direction marked on the dial due to this arrangement the magnetic compass shows the correct direction. Q.2. Describe the method with figure to prepare an artificial magnet of thin iron strip . A.2. AIM : TO prepare a magnet of thin iron strip. APPARATUS : Needle iron dust barmagnet. Procedure: place a thin iron strip a,b on the table take a powerful magnet place a northpole of the bar magnet at the end a of the ironstrip as shown in figure rub the magnet with preature on the iron strip and take it to the end b from the end b lift the magnet and take it towards the first end a of the magnet as shown in the figure place the magnet in the original position again rub it with pressure over the iron strip repeate the process constently several times the iron strip will become a magnet.

DIFFARTIFICIALMAGNET ELECTRO MAGNET 1) It is made by rubbing a magnet over 1)it is made passing electric current dc through an insulated An iron strip in only one direction . copperwire wrapped around an iron strip. 2) Magnetism retains for longer time 2)in this magnet the property of magnetism retains only till T h e e l e c t r i c

c u r r e n t p a s s e s . 3)this type of magnet is used in magnetic 3)this type of magnet is used in electricbell telegraph and crane DYNAMO ELECTRIC MOTOR. transportation of heavy objects. For

Difference CARBOHYDRATES

FATS

1)they are obtained from cereals like 1)they are obtained from fatty substances such as milk butter Wheat bajra pearl millet sweet food groundnut and oil. Substances

2)they give less energy compared to fats 2)they give double or more energy compared to carbohydr ATES VITAMINC VITAMIND 1)it is obtained from citrus fruits such as amla is obtained frommilk butter eggs fish codliver oil 1)it

Lemon sweet lime

2)scurvy occurs due to deficiency of it occur due to deficiency of it.

2)rickets

3)it cannot be synthesis in our body can be synthesis in our body.

3)it

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CHAPTER-3 PARTS OF PLANTS ANSWER IN ONE SENTENCE `1 which organ performs the function to anchor the plant in to the soil? Ans - Roots performs the functions to anchor 2 what are absorbed from the soil through the roots of plant?

Ans- minerals, salts and water are absorbed from the soil through 3 what are stilt roots? Ans- the roots which arise on the stem and which give mechanical strength such roots are known as stilt roots 4 which gas makes supernatant of lime water milky? Ans-carbondioxide gas makes supernatant of lime water milky. 5 give five examples of underground stems? Ans- five examples of underground stem are potato,ginger,elephants yalm,turmeric,corm of coocasia[elephants ears]. 6 in which plants stem perform a function of food synthesis ? Ans opuntia asphagarus euphorbia are the plants stem perform a function of food synthesis? 7 which gas is utilized and which gas is set free in the process of respiration? Ans-oxygen gas is utilized and carbondioxide gas is set free in the process of respiration.

8 what are small pore like structures occuring On the surfaces of plant called? Ans- small pore like structures occurring on the surfaces of plant called stomata. 9 write names of components essential for the process of photosynthesis? Ans- components essential for the process of photosynthesis are chloroplast,sunlight,water and carbondioxide. 10 give two examples of food-storing leaf? Ans- two examples of food storing leaf are onion,cabbage and garlic.

DEFINE: 1 photosynthesis:- green leaves of the plant synthesis starch by using carbondioxide of atmosphere and water absorbed by roots in the presence of sunlight. This process is known as photosynthesis.

2 transpiration:-plants realease water in the form of water vapour through stomata present in the leaf is called transpiration. Answer the following In short 1 write normal functions of root? Ans normal functions of roots are:-1]anchors the plant into the soil.2]absorbs mineral and water from soil. 2write special functions of roots with examples? Ans storage of food-carrot,radish Support-maize, sugarcane,banyan 3 write four normal functions of stem? Ans normal functions of stem are :-1]conduction of water and mineral salts absorbed by roots. 2]arrange leaves in such a way that they can get enough sunlight.3]provides mechanical strength to the plant to stand erect.4]conduction of food produced by leaves. 4 write special functions of stem with examples? Ans special functions of stem with examples are:-

Storage of food for eg-potato,ginger Food production for eg- opuntia ,asphagarus. Climbing for eg-grapes,bittergourd. 5 write normal functions of leaf? Ans normal functions of leaf are 1] performs respiration.2]performs transpiration 3]produces own food through photosynthesis. 6 write special functions of leaf with examples? Ans special functions of leaf with examples are1] storage of food for eg cabbage,onion,garlic. 2]protection eg opuntia.

Give scientific reasons:1 The leaf is called the kitchen of the plant.because green leaf prepare food for the plant with the help of chloroplast,carbondioxide and water in the presence of sunlight. 2 Though amorphophallus grows in the soil, it is a stem . Because it has nodes,internodes and thin scaly leaves on it. It grows underground so it is called underground stem.

3 The leaves of opuntia are modified into spines..because opuntia plant grows in desert where there is scarcity of water.so to reduce the loss of water by transpiration.leaves of opuntia are modified into spines. 4 one feels cool under the dense tree during midday.because 1 trees gives shade. 2the stomata present on the leaves give out extra water in the form of watervapour by the process of transpiration.3 as a result the surrounding remains cool. Classify the following Food storing rootsweetpotato,beet,radish,carrot Food storing stempotato,ginger,turmeric,yam,amorphophallus.

Match the following 1 beet-food storing root

2 potato-food storing stem 3 sugarcane-supporting roots 4 opuntia- stem performing the function of synthesizing food. True or false 1 sugarcane has stilt root true 2 the prop-root of the banyan tree gives support to it true 3the food prepared by the leaves is conducted to various parts of the plant through xylem false 4 the stem of opuntia is green true 5 the plants release oxygen during respiration true

Experiments Aim - to demonstrate that Root absorbs water and dissolve minerals Apparatus and

Materials- evergreen vinca plant with white flower and roots , beaker,water,redink Procedure- 1 bring a vinca plant with roots bearing white flower 2 take some water in the beaker and put some drops of red ink to make water colourful. 3 now put down the plant into the glass in such a wy that the roots remain sunken in the water. Observation- the stem,flowerand leaf are seen to be red in colour. Conclusion-this experiment proves that roots absorbs water and minerals from the soil. Experiment-2 Aim-to show that the leaves of the plant release carbon dioxide during the process of respiration Apparatus and

Material potted plant with large leaves polythenebag, a piece of black cloth ,and decanted lime water ,thread. Procedure 1 take a potted plant having green leaves. 2 take a cup of decanted lime Water in the Polythene bag 3 tie the bag filled with the leaf and cover it with the black cloth as shown in figure 4 observe it after 4 to5 hrs Observation decanted wlime water in the poythene bag has turned milky. Conclusion- this experiment proves that leaves of the plant release carbondioxide during respiration

Experiment3 Aim-plant release water through transpiration

Apparatus And Materials thread,pot,plant,polythenebag Procedure- 1take a plant having green leaves. 2 tie a polythene bag on 1 or 2 leaves as shown in figure. 3 observe after 3-4 hrs Observation-drops of water can be seen in this bag. Conclusion- this experiment proves that plant release water through transpiration.

Experiment4 Aim-to show that the presence of sunlight is inevitable for the the process of photosynthesis Apparatus and Material - plant with big leaves, solution of iodine,two thin strip of hard board

and U-pins , alcohol water procedure 1 take a plant with big leaves.2 tie a thin iron strip of hardboard on upper and lower surface of leaf with help of U-pin as shown in the figure.4 now keep the plant in the sunlight for one day. 5 next day remove the cardboard and pluck the leaf. 6 wash the leaf with boiling water then with alcohol. 7 now put some drops of iodine solution on the entire leaf and observe the colour of the leaf . Observation- on washing the leaf with the boiling water and then alcohol then green colour of the leaf disappear .2 on dropping the iodine solution the part of the leaf other than covered by black paper turns blue . Conclusion- this experiment proves that the presence of sunlight is evitable for process of sunlight

Chapter 4

Answer in one sentence 1 what is the freezing point of the water? Ans- 0 degree c is the freezing............. 2 instrument use for electrolyses of water? Ans volta metre is use for electrolyses .............. 3 gas produced at cathode(negative pole) by electrolysis of water? Ans- hydrogen gas is produced at cathode (negative pole) by............... 4 which pole do we get oxygen gas during electrolysis of water? Ans we get oxygen at anode (positive pole) . 5 which instrument is used for removing dissolved impurities in drinking water? Ans- ro plant is used for removing....................... 6 solvent considered as universal solvent? Ans water is considered as................ 7 4 solid substance that are soluble in water? Ans- sugar,salt,alum,washingsoda are 4 solid ................ 8 instrument use to purify water nowadays? Ans- ro plant(reverse osmosis). Define 1 soft water- water in which there are salts in less propotion is called soft water. 2 hard water- water in which there are salts in more propotion is called hard water. 3 solvent a liquid in which a substance can dissolve is called a solvent. 4 solute- a substance which dissolve in liquid 5 solution- a homogenius mixture of solvent and solute is known as solution.

Answer in brief 1 physical properties of water? Ans-1 water is colourless,oderless,tasteless.

Ans-1 water is colourless,oderless,tasteless. 2 it is a transparent liquid at normal temperature. 3 it is in liquid form. 4 at 0 degree c water is solidified and turns into solid 5 at 100 degree c water turns into vapour 6 ice is lighter than water.

2 chemical properties of water? Ans-1 water is compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen. 2 its molecular formula is h2o 3 it contains hydrogen and oxygen with ratio of 2:1. 4 it is a universal solvent and which can dissolve most of the substances.

3 Mention main impurities of water? Ans 1 non-dissolved impurities 2 dissolved impurities 3 impurities of micro organism. 4 water available in nature is never pure . why? Ans- water available in nature is never pure because it is a universal solvent which can dissolve most of the substances which are in solid,liquid or gaseous form. 5 describe types of hardness in water? Ans-there are 2 types of hardness and they are as follows: 1 permanent hardness- water in which chlorides of calcium and magnesium and sulphate salts are dissolved and hardness caused due to them is called permanent hardness 2 temporary hardness- water in which bicarbonatic salts of calcium and magnesium are dissolved and hardness caused due to them is called temporary hardness. This hardness can be removed by boiling or filtering

6 methods to purify the water ? Ans-the methods to purify the water are as follows1 water can be purify by boiling,filtering and decanting 2 to remove salts and each solubility like sand particles and clay particles . 3 alum is used to purify muddy water 4 impurities of micro- organism can be removed by boiling or by adding bleeching powder and chlorine tablets.

7 how can hard water can be made soft water? Ans-methods of making hard water into softwater are:-1 to remove different salts very much dissolved in hard water can be done by boilng such water very much .so dissolved salts are converted into undissolved salts. 2 doing this some of the salts settle at bottom and some of the salts float on the toap.

3 filtering this water it becomes soft water. 4 adding washingsoda or borsac powder inthe hard water can be make in to soft water.

True or false 1ice is heavier than water - false 2 oil does not dissolve in water- true 3 water becomes germ free on adding washing soda in water-true 4water is a compound-true 5 during electrolysis of water ,hydrogen gas is produced at positive pole false.

Difference Soft water hard water 1 the propotion of Salt is less in 1 propotion of salt is more in

salt water. Hard water. 2 it gives more lether with soap 2 it gives less lether with soap 3 it can be used in industries 3 it cannot be used in and domestic purposes. Industries and for domestic purposes. Give reasons 1 it is not advisable to use hard water in the oiler because1 when the water is boiled the layer of a salt is deposited in its inner substance 2 this layer is a bad conductor of a leaf So a large quantity of feul is required to boil the water in the boiler.3 moreover this layer of salt corrodes the boiler which can cause accidents. 2during electrolyses of water,few drops of slpheric acid are added o water because pure water is a poor conductor of electricity2 by adding few drops of

surpheric acid inthe water .it becomes a good conductor of electricity. 4 during epidemics water should e used after boiling and then cooling because1by boiling the micro organisms in the water .germs gets destroyed and water becomes free freom germs 2 the boil water is filter than cool.

Experiment:-

Aim- to determint the volume of the components of water by electrolysis . Apparatus and Materials-voltametre,6volt battery,copper wire,water,surpheric acid,2 test tube.

Procedure:- 1fill water in the voltametre up to the half level. 2 add 4-5 drops of sulphuric acid in it. 3 fill two testtube by water up to the brim and arrange them inverted on the two electros . 4the positive end of the battery behaves as anode and negative end of the battery behaves as cathode. 5 now pass the electro current. 6 Bubbles wii be seen rising in the testtube and gases will be collected in them 7 Observe.

Observation- 1 the test tube over the cathode is filled with the hydrogen and that over the anode is filled- 1 the test tube over the cathode is filled with the hydrogen and that over the anode is filled up with oxygen .their volume with ratio is2:1

Conclusion- water is a component of hydrogen and oxygen and the propotion if hydrogen is double then that of oxygen. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Science L-5Fertility of soil Ex: 1Answer in one or two sentences Q1What is ploughing? A1A method of making soil soft and porous by turning over the soil up and down with the help of a plough or other agricultural tools is called ploughing. Q2Which implement is mainly used for sowing? A2 A:-A seed Drill

B:-A manual seeders C:-Plunger is mainly used for sowing.

Q3Give the names of an equipment used to remove weeds. A3The equipment such as Khurpi, Sickles etc. Q4Fertilizer containing which nutrient is not required for leguminous plants? A4Nitrogen fertilizer is not required for leguminous plants. Q5Give the names of one insecticide sprayed over crops. A5Malathion and Benzene, Hexa, Chloride is sprayed over crops to kill insects. Q6What is called intercropping? A6Intercropping is the method of growing two or more crops cymalteniasly on the same field in definite raw patterns. Q7In which irrigation method does maximum wastage of water occur? A7In dhoria irrigation method maximum wastage of water occurs.

Q8Which irrigation method should be used in arid regions where there is water scarcity? A8Drip irrigation method should be used in arid regions where there is water scarcity. Ex: 2Define 1: Weed:-The undesirables plants growing with the main crop sowing in the soil is called weed. 2: Fertilizers:-The essential nutrients which are added to the soil to increase its fertility are called Fertilizers. 3: Irrigation:-A process of supplying water to the crop is called irrigation. : Ex: 3Answer the following short question:1. What are the benefits of soil-testing? ANS:By soil-testing one can know the proportion nutrients in soil and which crop should be taken and which nutrients should be added Science L-6 Q1. M.C.Q.

1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A Q.2 Answer the following in one sentence 1. Name the scientist who gave information about cell. A1. Scientist Robert Hook gave the information about the cell first. 2.Which instrument is used to observe the cell ?

A2. Microscope is used to observe the cell. 3. Which instrument is used to observe ultramicroscopic organelles present in the cell ? A3. Electron Microscope is used to observe ultramicroscopic organelles present in the cells. Cellulose

A4. Cellulose is the cell wall in the plant cell made up of is

A.5 Nucleus regulates the various processes occurring in the cell.

A6. Cytoplasm is the centre for biological processes in the cell.

A7. Organelle of the cell regulates the transport of different material entering or leaving the cell is cell membrane.

A8. Lysosome organelle of the cell possesses digestive enzymes.

A9. Methylene blue is used to observe the nucleus of the onion cell clearly.

Q2. Define 1. Cell: Cell is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms. 2. Tissue: Group of cell performing a definite function form a tissue. 3. Unicellular organisms: The organisms whose body contains only one cell is called unicellular organisms. 4. Multicellular organisms: The organisms whose body contains more than one cell is called Multicellular organisms. Q.3 Answer the following in brief. A1. Cell is the basic unit of organisms body. A unicellular organisms is made up of one cell only. The body of Multicellular organisms is made of many cells. Thus, cell is the structure unit of the result of processes running within the cell. Thus cell is the functional unit of organisms. A2. The various organelles of cytoplasm are:-

 Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome Golgi body Lysosome Mitochondrion Centriole (only in animal cell) Chloroplast A3. Mitochondrion: Produces energy required for the metabolism. This energy is stored in the form of ATP. Hence it is known as the powerhouse of cell. Ribosome: Protein synthesis occur on its surface. A4. The functions of Cell membrane: Regulates the transportation of different material coming to cell or going out of the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum: They are related to the synthesis of protein. Secretes, protein, steroids, etc. Q.5 Give reasons 1. Because it produces energy required for the metabolism. This energy is stored in the form of ATP. Hence, it is known as powerhouse of cell.

2. Because chloroplast contains chlorophyll, it produces the organic food in the form of starch with the help of air, water, in presence of sunlight by the process of photosynthesis. Q.6 Difference Plant cell 1. It has a cell Wall made up of Cellulose. 2. It contains Chloroplast. 3. It has large Vacuoles 2. Chloroplast Is absent. 3. There are no vacuoles And if it Occurs it is Very small. 4. Centriole is 4. Centriole is Animal cell 1. cell wall is absent

Absent.

Present.

True or false 1. 2. false 3. 4. 5. True

Experiment Apparatus:- Compound microscope, & material glass slide, cover slip, Blade, dropper , blotting paper, water, Forceps and methylene blue. Procedure:-

1.

2. 3.

4.

5.

6. Observation:-

Take some water in a watchglass and add 2-3 drops of methylene blue. Put thin layer of onion in colourful liquid. With the help of a dropper put a drop of water on the slide. cover the peel of onion with cover slip to avoid air bubbles. Remove additional water with the help of blotting paper Observe the prepared slide with the help of microscope. A large number of rectangular cells touching each other is seen. Each cell has a cell wall, a nucleus and cytoplasm.

Science Lesson-7 Motion,Force And Speed

Ans in one sentence(1mark) each Q.1 which type of motion is the motion of a spinning top? A.1 The motion of a spinning top is circular motion. Q.2 which type of motion is the motion of pendulum clock? A.2 Oscillatory motion is the motion of a pendulum of the clock. Q.3 What is called periodic motion? A.3 The motion of an object completing one revolution in certain time interval is called periodic motion eg. Motion of a hand of a clock. Q.4State two units of speed .? A.4 Two units of speed are :- 1. Km/hour 2. m/ second. Q5.What can you say about speed of an object that takes less time to travel the definite distance? A.5If an object take less time to travel the definite distance we say that its speed is more.

Q.6What is to be done to move the table in the classroom? A.6To move the table in the classroom we have to apply force (push or pull). Q.7 What is falling of fruit from th tree to ground is due to? A.7 The falling of a fruit from the tree to ground is due to gravitational force. Q.8What is the force opposing a motion of a moving body called? A.8The force opposing a motion of a moving body is called frictional force. Q.9 Why is there wear and tear in the soles of footwear after prolong use? A.9There is wear and tear in the soles of the foot wear after prolong use because of the friction produced between the ground and the footwear. Q.10Why is more force applied to ride bicycle on rough road?

A.10More force is applied to ride bicycle on rough road because of more frictional force created by rough road.

Ex.3Write two examples of each of the following. 1.Linear motion: Motion of free falling ball from the height , bicycle moving on a straight path. 2.Circular motion: motion of a top, motion of blade of a fan. 3.Oscillatory motion: Motion of a swing , motion of a pendulum of a clock. 4.Periodic motion: Motion of hand of clock , motion of the Earth. 5.Random motion: Motion of flying butterfly, football player on a ground. 4. Define 1.Speed: The distance travelled by an object per unit time is called its speed. 2.Force: The external effect , which change the position of the object is called force.

3.Gravitational: Force of the earth due to which all objects are attracted towards the Earth is called gravitational force. 4.Frictional force: When any object move on any surface the force exerted on it which opposes its motion is called frictional force. Ex.5 Answer the following in brief. Q.1When is it said that body is in motion? A.1when any object continuously changes its positions with respect to any stationary object then that object is said to be in motion. Q.2List the objects in motion which you have seen. A.2The objects in motion are 1) Motion of free falling ball from a height 2)Motion of a blade of a fan.3)Motion of hand of a clock.4)Motion of a pendulum of a clock.5)Motion of a flying butterfly. Q.3state any four effects of force. A.3 Four effects of force are 1)Stationary object can be moved. 2)The speed of a moving object can be increased or decreased.3)direction of

motion can be changed.4)Motion of the object can be stopped.5)The shape of the object can be changed. Q.4State various types of force. A.4There are four types of forces are 1)Muscle force,2)Magnetic force.3)Gravitational force4). Frictional force. Q.5State four advantages of frictional force. A.5four advantages of frictional force are 1we can walk on the road.2 We can draw a picture. 3 We can light a match stick.4.We can fix a nail in the wall.5We can apply brakes to the cycle. Q.6State four disadvantages of frictional force. A.6 1There is a wear and tear in the machine part 2The speed of the motion of the body decreases. Q.7What should be do to stop the noise from different parts of bicycle swing or machine? A.7 To stop the noise coming from different parts of bicycle, swing or machine we should put oil. Ex6 Give reasons

1.

2.

The moving vehicles stop on applying the brakes because when the brakes are applied frictional force is produced between rim of the wheel of the vehicle slows down and stops. A person slips , if one step on a banana skin because when a person walks there is a friction between the surface of the road and souls of feet of a person.As the banana skin is smooth and slippery there is a less frictional force. Due to which a persons slips.

/// SCIENCE/// Lesson no: 8 Digestive system, Respiratory system, Circulatory system EX= 1 Choose correct option. 1. Digestion of which component of food starts in the buccal cavity? A.Starch B.Lipid C.Vitamin D.Protiens

2.Who performs churning of food? A.buccal cavity B.Stomach C.small intestine

D.oesophagus 3.Which component of food is partially digested in stomach? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C.Protiens D. mineral salt 4. In which organ does the food remain for a maximum time? A. stomach A.buccal cavity C.oesophagus D.small intestine 5.Which organ of digestive system does not produce digestive juice? A.buccal cavity B.Stomach C.large intestine D.small intestine. 6.Which organ is located at the end of digestive system? A.Small intestine B.Rectum C.duodenum D.Large intestine 7.Which is an accessory digestive organ? A.Oesophagus B.Stomach C.large intestine D.pancreas 8.In whose structure is the c- shaped rings of cartilage found? A.trachea B.oesophagus C.nose D.bronchi 9.Which of the following is an organ of respiratory system? A. heart B.lungs C.liver D.buccal cavity

10.What are numerous small structures like a bunch of grapes in lungs called? A. blood capillaries B.air sacs C.cartilages D. bronchioles 11.What is the main and important organ of respiratory system? A. nose A.trachea C.lungs D.bronchi 12. Who brings the blood to the heart from various organs? A.artery B.vein C.capillaries D.lungs 13. Which component of the blood protects the body against diseases? A. blood plasma B.red blood corpuscles C.White blood corpuscles D.blood platelets

14. Which component of blood helps in the process of blood coagulation? A. Red blood corpuscles B. White blood corpuscles C. blood platelets D.haemoglobin 15. Where is tricuspid valve in heart?

A. between right atrium and right ventricle B.between right atrium and left atrium C.between left ventricle and right atrium D.between left atrium and left ventricle EX=2 Answer in the following: Q1. From which organ does the digestion of food begin? A. From Buccal cavity does the digestion of begin. Q2. Which enzyme does saliva contain? A. Saliva contains ptyalin. Q3.What is the body surface part around the stomach called? A. Abdomen is the body surface part around the stomach.

Q4.How many meters is the approximate length of small intestine? A. The approximate length of small intestine is 7 meters. Q5.what is proximal region of small intestine called?

A.

Duodenum is the proximal region of small intestine.

Q6.In which organ is the process of digestion of food complete? A. In small intestine the process of digestion of food is completed. Q7.from where is bile produced? A. Bile is produced from liver. Q8.Which are accessory digestive organs? A. Accessory digestive organs are liver and pancreas. Q9.Which digestive juices mixed with food when it comes into duo denum? A. Digestive juices mixed with food when it comes into duodenum are Bile juice and Pancreatic juices. Q10.What is trachea made up of? A.trachea is made up of c shaped incomplete rings of cartilage. Q11.What is the lower end of trachea getting divided into two parts called?

A. the lower end of trachea getting divided into two parts is called primary bronchi. Q12.How many lungs are there in our body? A. There are two lungs in our body. Right lung and left lung. Q13.State the name of a muscular partition (septum) which separates thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity. A. The name of a muscular partition (septum) which separates thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity is diaphragm. Q14.What is called blood circulation? A. circulation of blood in the body is called blood circulation. Q15.What is the average number of pulse beats per minute in normal condition of an adult? A.70 to 72 times per minute is the average number of pulse beats per minute in a normal person. Q16.What are the lower chambers of heart called? A16.Lower chambers of heart are called ventricles.

Q17.What valve is present between left atrium and left ventricle? A17.Bicusbide valve id present between left atrium and left ventricle. Q18.Where does of right atrium of heart move? A18.Blood of right atrium of heart moves to right ventricle. Q19.In which chamber of heart does the deoxygenated (impure) blood come from different parts of the body? A19.The deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body comes to right atrium. Q20.Where does the blood of right atrium of the heart move due to contration of ventricles. A20.The blood of right atrium of the heart move due to contration of ventricles moves to right ventricle.

EX=3 Answer in word: 1. Which digestive juice is produced in liver? Bile

2. Which digestive juice is produced in pancreas? Pancreatic juice 3. How many chambers are there in human body? Four 4. Which valve is present between in the right atrium and right ventricle? Tricuspid valve 5. In which chamber of heart does the oxygenated blood come from the lungs? Left atrium

EX=4 define: 1. Digestion: The process in which complex substances of our food is converted into simple form. 2. Exhalation: The expelling air from lungs is called exhalation.

EX=5 Answer in short: Q1. Write the names of organs of digestive system.

A1. Names of the organs of digestive system are mouth, buccal cavity, oesophagus, Stomach, small intestine, rectum, anus, liver, and pancreas. Q2.How is buccal cavity helpful in digestion of food? A2Digestion begins from buccal cavity with the help of teeth and tongue chewing of food takes place well hence, food is converted in small particles, salivary gland present in our mouth secrets saliva. Saliva contains an enzyme called ptyline. Ptyalin digests starch and converts it into simple sugar. Q3.Explain the process of digestion occurring in stomach. A3. Gastric juice secreted from the wall of stomach gets mixed with it. Gastric juices kill microorganisms present in it and partially digest my proteins and are converted into semi liquid form. Q4Write the function of each of the following. A4. 1) Oesophagus= It carries the food from mouth to stomach. 2) Small intestine= Undigested carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are digested here and then

absorbed by wall of intestine. This digested food mixes with blood. 3) Large intestine= additional water is absorbed and it is given to blood and remaining undigested part is stored in rectum situated at the end of the digestive track. 4) Rectum= rectum stores the remaining undigested food. Q5. State the organs of respiratory system and circulatory system. A5. The organs of respiratory system are nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs, and diaphragm and the organs of circulatory system are heart, atrium, veins, and capillaries. Q6. State the structural components of human blood. Write the function of each component. A6.blood contains 1. Plasma: function: it transports he nutrients in body 2.red blood cells: They help us to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in our body 3. White blood cells: They protect our body against different diseases.

4.Blood platelets : They help in the process of clothing of blood. Q7. State the functions of blood? A7. The function of blood is as follows: - Blood transport the food oxygen and cordoned oxide in the body it protects the body against diseases with help of WBC. Q8. Digestive system, Respiratory system & Circulatory system. A8. Platelets in blood help in clotting of blood and prevent access ire bleeding during injury. It helps to train taint body temperature. Ex5. Give reasons:1. One should chew the food as much as possible because by chewing the food is broken into small piece saliva gets mix with it ptyline in saliva mixes with the food so the food become soft and smooth major part of starch is convert into sugar. 2. Air should be inhaled through nose only. Because in the nose there are fine hair and sticky substances called mucas which filters the air and prevents the entry of dust particles and micro organisms 2.Air becomes warm in the nose.

3. WBC of the blood are our microscopic soldiers. Because they fight against the disease germs and protect us from various diseases. EX6. Write two points of difference:1. Small intestine:1. Small intestine is longer than large intestine. 2. Digestion and absorption of food occurs in it. Large intestine:1. it is shorter than small intestine. 2. Absorption of water occurs in it. 2.Trachea :1. it is respiratory organ. 2. It is made up of C shaped incomplete rings of cartilage. 3. It carries air to lungs. Oesophagus:1. It is a digestive organ. 2. It is made up of muscles only. 3. It carries food to stomach. EX=7 answer in detail: Q1.Explain the process of digestion in small intestine.

A:- Undigested carbohydrates ,proteins and fat are digested here and then absorbed by the well of intestine. This digested food is given to blood.It passes maximum time in the intestine.