CO2 Injection Monitoring

The Mississippi Test Site
1. ADMINSTRATIVE INFORMATION
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 SITE BACKGROUND GENERAL IDENTIFICATION DATA REGULATORY CLASSIFICATION WELL DATA INJECTION WELL NO. 1 WELL DATA OBSERVATION WELL NO. 1 PROPOSED PERMIT APPROVAL CONDITIONS QUALITY ASSURANCE/ QUALITY CONTROL
Mississippi
Well Well Site Site Area Area
1.7
40
80
120
160 Miles
Mississippi Power Companys Victor J. Daniel Power Plant Location

1
JAF02664.PPT
2. GEOLOGY
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 INTRODUCTION REGIONAL GEOLOGY LOCAL GEOLOGY GEOCHEMISTRY HYDROLOGY MINERAL RESOURCES SUMMARY
MARION
MISSISSIPPI SALT DOME
PERRY BASIN
LAMAR
WI GG I NS
GREENE
ANTIC LINE
PEARL RIVER
PERRY
DG RI
E
STONE
GEORGE
CK
HARRISON
JACKSON
HA NC O
Plant Daniel Southeastern Mississippi Subsurface Structure

JAF02018.CDR
JAF02664.PPT
Alabama
Mississippi
PHILLIPS FAULT SYSTEM
Site Characterization - Core Collection & Analysis
JAF02664.PPT
Tuscaloosa Formation Core Analysis (Massive Sand Reservoir)

Core Sample Number Number 3 3-1 3 3-5 3 3-9 3 3-13 3 3-17 3 3-21 3 3-25 3 3-29 3 3-33 3 3-37 Sample Depth, (ft) 8531.45 8535.50 8539.50 8543.45 8547.50 8551.50 8555.50 8559.50 8563.50 8567.50 Permeability
millidarcies (mD)
To Air 1450.0 2390.0 1930.0 652.0 1460.0 936.0 848.0 1030.0 641.0 3390.0
Klinkenberg 1380.0 2300.0 1850.0 614.0 1400.0 888.0 804.0 977.0 603.0 3280.0
Porosity, Grain Percent (%) Density, Ambient 2500 psi g/cm2 22.7 22.4 2.65 24.5 24.2 2.64 24.1 23.8 2.65 19.7 19.4 2.67 23.8 23.5 2.65 23.2 22.9 2.65 22.8 22.5 2.66 24.4 24.1 2.65 23.4 23.1 2.65 25.3 25.0 2.65
Quick Look Core Analysis

Average values: 1230.0
JAF02664.PPT
1180.0
20.7
21.3
2.66
Southern Mississippi Hydrogeology

EPA defined Low Salinity waters (<10,000 mg/l) are protected and exist at a depth of about 1,600 to 2,800 feet bgs in Jackson County. The freshwater (<1,000 mg/l) zone (potable) exists in shallower formations at less hen 1,000 feet bgs.
-3 0 00
Legend
-16 0
Rivers Cities Counties Township and Ranges States
-1 80 0
-22 00
0 40 -2
0 -20
- 26
(modified from USGS Open-File Report 81-550)
0 80 -2
00
Plant Daniel
JAF02664.PPT
Observation Well: Reservoir Characterization

Mud logging from 6,000 ft to TD Nearly 120 feet of whole core collected from three formations: Selma Chalk (30/27), Marine Shale (28/26), and Massive Sand (60/58) Core analysis with permeability (horizontal and vertical), porosity, grain density, capillary pressure, relative permeability, and mineralogy Wire-line logging included: Halliburtons Triple Combo (gamma ray, resistivity, and porosity) RST Cased Hole Neutron Log (baseline for water/gas saturation) Cement Bond Log with 3D Cast V Evaluation Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP): Geologic description & baseline plume monitoring (time-lapse)
JAF02664.PPT
Injection Well: Reservoir Characterization

Wire-line logging included: Schlumbergers Platform Express Log (caliper, gamma ray, resistivity, porosity) Mechanical Properties Log (in-situ stress/fracture gradient) Combinable Magnetic Resonance (porosity/permeability) Elemental Capture Spectroscopy (mineralogy) Cement Bond Log with Cast V Evaluation Sidewall coring of the Marine Shale, Massive Sand and WashitaFredericksburg Formations Well injection pressure transient test - injection falloff pressure decline Reservoir fluid sampling - flow reaction simulation/equilibrium models Mechanical Integrity Testing (MIT) - casing, tubular & packer integrity
JAF02664.PPT
3. RESERVOIR MODELING
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 RESERVOIR MODELING OF THE INJECTION ZONE MODEL DESCRIPTION INJECTION ZONE STRATIGRAPHY AND LITHOLOGY MODEL INPUTS CO2 TRAPPING MECHANISMS GEOPHYSICAL SIMULATION RESULTS LONG-TERM FATE OF INJECTED CO2 MODELING SUMMARY
Reservoir Modeling CO2 Injection/Plume (vertical view) 8
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Gas Saturation Profiles at a) 0 Days b) 30 Days c) 1 Year d) 5 Years e) 10 Years

Shale 6 Shale 5 Shale 4 Shale 3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
190
(e)
3.7 3.8
Shale 2
~ Mile
237 Feet
4. AREA OF REVIEW
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 INTRODUCTION WATER WELLS OIL AND GAS WELLS SUMMARY
2 miles
Depth and Location of Surrounding Water Wells in the Area of Review - open well file review
Location of Oil and Gas Wells Surrounding the Area of Review

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JAF02664.PPT
5. WELL CONSTRUCTION
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10
BACKGROUND DRILLING AND CASING PROGRAM DRILLING FLUIDS CORING PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTING COMPLETION PROGRAM LOGGING AND TESTING PROGRAM PROGNOSIS INJECTION OPERATIONS WELL CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE CARE
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JAF02664.PPT
6. MONITORING AND VERIFICATION

6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 ASSURING WELL-INTEGRITY 6.3 MONITORING RESERVOIR PRESSURE 6.4 MONITORING CO2 PLUME MOVEMENT 6.5 MONITOR FOR CO2 SURFACE LEAKAGE 6.6 ADDITIONAL RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION TOOLS
Soil-Gas Monitoring for CO2 Around Wellbore
3 1
Permanent Pressure Gauges for CO2 in Wellbore
Ultra Sonic Borehole Imager Log for Areal Cement Integrity
Pulsed Neutron Log to Detect CO2 in Formations Above the Seal
Seal
2
Seal
Down Hole Pressure Gauge
Saline Reservoir
General Measurement, Monitoring, and Verification Protocols to be Employed at the Mississippi Saline Reservoir Test Site
11
JAF02664.PPT
The Mississippi Test Site 3
Soil-Gas Monitoring for CO2 Around Wellbore
Permanent Pressure Gauges for CO2 in Wellbore
Well Integrity and Pressure Monitoring

The project will include a series of MMV activities to assure well integrity:
Ultra Sonic Borehole Imager Log for Areal Cement Integrity Pulsed Neutron Log to Detect CO2 in Formations Above the Seal
To assure well integrity at the surface, we will: (1) install a pressure gauge on the wellhead to measure sustained casing pressure (CO2 leakage in the well); (2) conduct continuous monitoring of annular and down hole pressure; and, (3) conduct near-surface soil gas measurements. To assure down-hole well integrity, we will: (4) use an Ultra Sonic Borehole Imager (advanced version of the Cement Bond Log) both after cementing and after CO2 injection; and, (5) run a series of RST Logs to detect CO2 above the reservoir seal.
Seal
Saline Reservoir 2
Down hole Pressure Gauge
12
JAF02664.PPT
CO2 Monitoring & Verification Protocols

Soil Flux - Automated real-time LI-COR 8100 soil flux chamber monitoring Tracer Injection - PFTs added at the wellhead to tag and track injected CO2 with Praxair Seeper TraceTM monitoring technology CO2 Isotopes - Isotopic sampling of CO2 for determination of 13C signatures Groundwater Sampling - Water quality for pH, salinity, metals, alkalinity, conductivity, and temperature Seismic Profiling VSP baseline and post-injection surveys Reservoir Saturation Tools Reservoir water/gas saturation Reservoir Fluid Sampling Field parameters, major cations/anions, trace metals/minor constituents, dissolved gases, redox indicators, isotopes, organics, etc.
JAF02664.PPT
Permit Approval Conditions

Maximum injection pressure at the well head of 2,000 psi; well below a conservative fracture gradient estimated at .7772 psi per foot (2,700 psi) Daily confirmation of injected CO2 stream; maximum injection rate of 300 gpm; high-purity 99% CO2 Tubing- positive casing string annulus must maintain a positive differential pressure of at least 100 psig and no more then 200 psig Successful mechanical integrity testing including radioactive tracer test, annulus pressure test, and differential temperature survey Static bottom hole pressure fall-off test in the target formation (massive sands of the Tuscaloosa Formation) Continuous recording of pressure in the injection well
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JAF02664.PPT

CO2 Injection Monitoring

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The Mississippi Test Site

Well Well Site Site Area Area

Mississippi Power Companys Victor J. Daniel Power Plant Location

The Mississippi Test Site

MISSISSIPPI SALT DOME

Plant Daniel Southeastern Mississippi Subsurface Structure

PHILLIPS FAULT SYSTEM

The Mississippi Test Site

Site Characterization - Core Collection & Analysis

The Mississippi Test Site

Tuscaloosa Formation Core Analysis (Massive Sand Reservoir)

Quick Look Core Analysis

The Mississippi Test Site

Southern Mississippi Hydrogeology

Rivers Cities Counties Township and Ranges States

(modified from USGS Open-File Report 81-550)

The Mississippi Test Site

Observation Well: Reservoir Characterization

The Mississippi Test Site

Injection Well: Reservoir Characterization

The Mississippi Test Site

Gas Saturation Profiles at a) 0 Days b) 30 Days c) 1 Year d) 5 Years e) 10 Years

The Mississippi Test Site

Location of Oil and Gas Wells Surrounding the Area of Review

The Mississippi Test Site

The Mississippi Test Site

6. MONITORING AND VERIFICATION

Permanent Pressure Gauges for CO2 in Wellbore

Ultra Sonic Borehole Imager Log for Areal Cement Integrity

Pulsed Neutron Log to Detect CO2 in Formations Above the Seal

The Mississippi Test Site 3

Soil-Gas Monitoring for CO2 Around Wellbore

Permanent Pressure Gauges for CO2 in Wellbore

Well Integrity and Pressure Monitoring

Down hole Pressure Gauge

The Mississippi Test Site

CO2 Monitoring & Verification Protocols

The Mississippi Test Site

Permit Approval Conditions

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