Cork Institute of Technology Higher Certificate in Engineering in Building Services Engineering Award

(NFQ Level 6)

Autumn 2006 Building Services and Equipment II (Time: 3 Hours)

Instructions Answer FIVE questions, All questions carry equal marks. Reference Material to be provided. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Table 1, 2, 3and 4 Hot and Cold Water Pipe work Design CIBSE Table C4.18 Page C4-40 Water 10 C Copper Pipe. Hot and Cold Water design Spreadsheet CIBSE Table C4.11, Page 4-15 - Water 75 C Med Grade Steel CIBSE Table C4.36. -Velocity press loss factors. Ductwork Design Sheet CIBSE Fig C4.2 Flow of Air in Round Ducts CIBSE Table C4.33 Velocity Pressure in Pa vs Velocity m/s CIBSE Table C4.35 Page 1&2 Velocity Press Loss Factors
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Examiners: Mr. William Bateman Dr. Neil Hewitt Mr. Declan Leonard Question Q1 Q1 Q1 Q4 Q4 Q5 Q5 Q5 Q5 Location (attached) (attached) (attached) (attached) (attached) (attached) (attached) (attached) (attached)

Q1 (a )

Fig 1.1 shows the cold water pipe work layout for a changing room area within a school. Determine the most economical diameters of the copper distribution pipes labelled AB, BC, etc. Assume a continuous demand due to peak usage. Ensure you put your name on the sheet and attach the sheet to your answer book. [15 marks]
STORAGE TANK
STOP VALVE

FIG 1.1 COLD WATER PIPEWORK

PLEASE SHOW ALL CALCULATIONS PLEASE WRITE YOUR NAME ON ALL SHEETS. DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE IN MM.
4 x Shower (with nozzle) 15mm Isol v/v 4 x W.C 15mm Isol v/v 13/15mm LP Ball Float v/v

3000

F E 2500

750

C 2500

1900

4 x Wash Basin 13/15mm Bib taps

G 3000

(b)

Having completed your detailed design it should show that insufficient head pressure is available to carry the desired volume of water to user point H. Calculate the shortfall in head pressure available (Pa) and suggest the minimum changes required to correct such a fault. [5 marks]

Q2 (a) Fig 2.1 below shows a section of a wall. Using the data provided on the sketch calculate the thermal transmission (U Value) for the wall. Table 2 Rsi, Table 3 Rso and Table 4 Ra attached as reference.
110mm BRICK 50mm AIR GAP 110mm
AERATED

[8 marks]

FIG 2.1 U - VALUE

CONC

3mm THICK EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE 13mm PLASTER OUTSIDE SURFACE HIGH EMISSIVITY SHELTERED LOCATION INSIDE SURFACE HIGH EMISSIVITY

50mm AIR GAP HIGH EMISSIVITY

Thermal Conductivities. Brick 1.00 W/m K Aerated Concrete 0.14 W/m K Plaster 0.70 W/m K Polystyrene 0.04 W/m K

Table 2 - Rsi Building element Walls Ceilings, floor, flat Ceilings and floors Table 3 - Rso Building Wall Roof

Internal surface resistances Rsi in m2 0C / W Heat flow Surface resistance (m2 0C / W) High Emissivity Low Horizontal 0.123 0.304 Upwards 0.106 0.218 Downwards 0.150 0.562 External surface resistances Rso in m2 0C / W Emissivity Surface resistance for stated exposure Sheltered Normal Severe High 0.08 0.055 0.03 Low 0.11 0.067 0.03 High 0.07 0.045 0.02 Low 0.09 0.053 0.02 Unventilated Air Gap resistance Ra in m2 0C / W Surface Emissivity Thermal resistance (m2 0C / W) Heat flow Horizontal or Upwards Heat flow Downwards 0.11 0.18 0.21 1.06

Table 4 - Ra Air Space Thickness

5 mm 20 mm

High Low High Low

0.11 0.18 0.18 0.35

(b) Fig 2.2 shows the plan of an office on the second floor of a four storey building. The other floors have the same construction and heating design conditions. From the data given and using convection heating, calculate the total rate of heat loss for this office. [12 marks]

Outside Temp minus 2 DegC Window Area 5m2 8m Height of office = 3m Air Change = 1 per hour Office Temp 20 DegC U Values ( W / m 2 K ) External wall 0.4 Internal wall 1.6 Door 2.3 Window 2.2 Floor 0.5 Ceiling 0.5 Office Temp 20 DegC Office Temp 20 DegC

6m

Door Area 2m2

Fig 2.2 Heat Loss

Corridor Temp 16 DegC

Q3 (a) A two pipe LPHW central heating system is shown in Fig 3.1. The pipe work is medium grade steel. The heat output from each radiator does not allow for a fixed percentage heat loss from the insulated pipe work supplying those radiators. Under the design conditions shown, find the following for pipe sections 1, 2 and 3. (i) Pipe diameter, (ii) Pressure drop per meter - dPl, (iii) Length equivalent factor - le. NB: it is not necessary to compare the actual heat loss from the insulated pipe work with the theoretical value estimated. Table C4.12, Page C4-15, Medium Grade Steel Water at 750C attached for reference. Table C3.14 heat emission from horizontal steel pipe Not required. [10 marks]

FIG 3.1 LPHW HEATING

TWO PIPE PARALLEL SYSTEM

TP OU

7 UT

kW

15 .0 6.0 m

OU

kW 12 UT P T

N1)x2 IO CT 5m SE + 1 (6m N3 5 IO +2. CT +1 SE .5+4 (12

)= 2.5 +1

.5m 32

8m

N2 IO CT ) x 2 E S 0m (8.

1.0m

2.5 m .5 12

BOILER CIRCULATION PUMP ISOLATION VALVES

L TA CE TO TAN RS S DI ETE 4M

SPACE TEMPERATURE FLOW TEMPERATURE RETURN TEMPERATURE TARGET VELOCITY OF FLOW EMITTER HEAT CAPACITY SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY H20

18.5 DEG C 87 DEG C 70 DEG C 1 m/s AS SHOWN 4.2 kJ/kg K

(b) For the same LPHW circuit find the effective pipe length of the straight pipe plus fittings for all sections. From this find the total pressure drop on the index run. Use this to derive a pump duty for the circulation pump in this circuit. Bends are welded mild steel elbows and isolation valves are gate valves. Table C4.36 Velocity Pressure Loss factors attached for reference. [10 marks]

Q4 (a) The production area and associated rooms shown in Fig 4.1 below are to be supplied with air conditioned air through the supply air duct shown. The air is supplied from point A to supply air grilles at B, C, D and E. There are no change in levels between A and E. Using the design criteria provided on the sketch and the ductwork design sheet attached, establish the most economical circular duct size for the layout shown in Fig 4.1. Include all relevant information on the ductwork design sheet. Ensure you put your name on the sheet and attach the sheet to your answer book. Fig C4.2, Table C4.33 and Table C4.35 Page 1&2 attached as ref. [15 marks]

SUPPLY AIR GRILLE

E 1m

CORRIDOR 6m x 2m x 2.4m H 5 Air change/hr 144 m3/hr

2m D 1m 1.3m

PREP ROOM 8m x 2.8m x 5m H 20 Air change/hr 2240 m3/hr

ASSUME CIRCULAR DUCTWORK ASSUME CONSTANT dP 0.6 Pa/m ALL BENDS ARE 4 PIECE BEND r/d RATIO = 2 45 Deg GRADUAL TRANSITIONS 9 Pa dP AT GRILLES ALL ROOM SUPPLY AIR VOLUMES ARE QUOTED IN m3/hr FIRE DAMPERS WHERE DUCTWORK PASSES THROUGH ALL WALLS k FACTOR 0.2 ALL DUCT DIMENSIONS ARE QUOTED IN METERS BETWEEN FITTINGS

PRODUCTION HALL 10m x 10m x 5m H 30 Air change/hr 15000 m3/hr

1.4m 2m C

2m
STORE 8m x 2.6m x 2.4m H 10 Air change/hr 500 m3/hr

B 1.4m 5m 5m

A 1m

FIG 4.1 - DUCTWORK DESIGN

(b) Fig 4.1 shows fire dampers on each of the dividing walls between the rooms. With the aid of a neat sketch show the details of two different types of fire dampers commonly used in air conditioning ducting. [5 marks]

Q5 (a) Air conditioning is used to control the temperature, humidity, cleanliness and distribution of air within the air conditioned space. Filters are used in controlling the cleanliness of the air. Briefly describe three types of air filters that may be found in air conditioning systems indicating how each works. [6 marks]

(b) Draw a schematic of a split system packaged air conditioning unit in room cooling mode, complete with compressor, heating and cooling coils, reversing valve, expansion device, fans and direction of flow of the refrigerant. Indicate on the schematic the state of the refrigerant immediately after the expansion device, i.e, High Pressure or Low Pressure, Liquid or gas. [8 marks]

Use the Psychrometric Chart attached to plot and determine the following conditions. NB: It is not necessary to attach the chart to your answer book. (c) In winter, cold air at a dry bulb of 5 Deg C and 60 % relative humidity enters a building through a heater battery and is heated to a dry bulb temperature of 20 Deg C, without adding moisture. From the Psychrometric chart find, (c) i. The Wet Bulb temperature of the incoming air. (c) ii The Relative Humidity of the heated air. (d) The air in a room has a dry bulb temperature of 22 Deg C and a wet bulb temperature of 16 Deg C. From the Psychrometric chart find, (d) i (d) ii The Relative Humidity of the air. The temperature of the walls when condensation will occur. [2 marks] [2 marks]

(e) Air enters an Air Handling unit at a dry bulb temperature of 25 Deg C and 70 % relative humidity. The final condition required is a dry bulb temperature of 20 Deg C and 50 % relative humidity. From the Psychrometric chart find, (e) i (e) ii The reduction in moisture content of the air. The lowest temperature the air must be cooled to in order to achieve the reduced moisture content. [2 marks]

Q6. (a) With the aid of a neat sketch show all the equipment associated with a typical wet sprinkler system for a two storey building. [6 marks]

(b) Using a neat sketch show the general arrangement of an on site automatic sprinkler pump system including the water storage and water supply. [6 marks]

(c) Outline the type of portable fire extinguishers you would recommend for use on fires involving four of the following materials :No. (i) Class Fire Type A (ii) B (iii) C Gases (iv) D Inflammable metals (v) E Electrical [4 marks]

Wood & Petroleum textiles

(d) Briefly explain how each type of extinguisher described above is effective in fighting the relevant fire. [4 marks]

Q7 (a) Global warming is a phenomenon attributed to increased industrialisation of our planet. With the aid of a neat sketch describe how global warming has come about. [10 marks] (b) Air pollution is a major contributor to global warming. Describe three types of air pollution, their sources, effects on humans and vegetation, and possible control measures to help reduce their level. [10 marks]

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