MEE 218 : HARDWARE PROJECT REVIEW 2 FABRICATION OF SCOTCH-YOKE MECHANISM TO INDUCE ELECTRICITY

REVIEWER: PROF. JOEL J PROJECT GUIDE: LOHITAKHSA M MAIYAAR (SMBS) SUBMITTED BY:-

FABRICATION OF SCOTCH-YOKE MECHANISM TO INDUCE ELECTRICITY

CONTENTS

S.NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Abstract

CONTENT

PAGE NO. 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 7 7

Aim of the Project About the Project Motivation Project Timeline Literature Survey Cost Estimation Applications Work Done So Far (Till Review I) Conclusion References

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ABSTRACT: In this project, an effort has been made to generate electricity from a slider crank mechanism. In many applications where rotating shafts are involved such as flour mills, there occurs many time that many machines are not turned ON, but the shafts by which they are attached by belts and pulleys rotates, wasting a lot of energy. Hence, if a slider crank mechanism is installed at different points on the shaft, having a strong permanent magnet on the slider side; it can be used to produce electricity in idle condition of machines. This project focuses on such generation of electricity on a very small scale.

AIM OF THE PROJECT: We all know that energy can neither be created nor can it be destroyed.Energy can only be converted from one form to another. Unknowingly there are many cases where proper utilization of energy is not there.For example: While riding a bicycle the mechanical energy is converted to kinetic energy of the bicycle. But can we harness this mechanical energy anymore? The answer is YES. Our aim is to use the kinetic energy of the cycle to generate electrical energy

ABOUT THE PROJECT: We aim to create a Kinematic Mechanism which can convert Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy. The principal behind the project is Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction. We plan to develop a slider-crank mechanism, on whose slider will be attached a permanent magnet, which will reciprocate inside a solenoid as the slider reciprocates. This reciprocating action of magnet will in turn change the magnetic flux density around the solenoid which will further create a potential difference across the two ends of solenoid, thereby generating electricity.

MOTIVATION: While we were browsing internet and enriching ourselves with various techniques that can be implemented to reuse waste energy from different processes, this image caught our attention.

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The above image shows a solenoid-magnet setup attached to the rear wheel of the bicycle which is used to generate electricity to charge mobile while travelling on it. And hence, we decided to design and test the practical functionality of this technique by creating a prototype which combines solenoid-magnet setup with slider-crank mechanism.

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LITERATURE SURVEY: Slider Crank Mechanism Slider Crank Mechanism is the most basic mechanism in machinery which has vast applications such as reciprocating engines, hand pump, rotary engines, etc. The mechanism contains a crank which is rotating part, connecting rod which converts rotary motion of crank to translatory motion of the slider.

Faradays law of Electro-Magnetic Induction It states that the induced electromotive force or EMF in any closed circuit is equal to the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. Electromagnetic Induction deals with the production of electricity by magnetism or vice-versa. Consider a coil of insulated wire and a permanent magnet. As the magnet and the coil have relative motion between each other, the rate of change of magnetic flux across the coils result in production of electricity across the terminals of the coil which can be measured by any current measuring devices such as Galvanometer, Voltmeter or Multimeter.

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In our project, the magnetic flux change is introduced with the help of a slider crank mechanism. The slider has a magnet attached to its one end, which reciprocates inside a solenoid as the slider does hence producing electricity.

(Electromagnetic Induction by moving coil across magnet)

(Electromagnetic Induction by moving magnet across coil)

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COST ESTIMATION: The prototype cost will mainly be due to the magnet and the copper coil. Bar Magnet Copper coil (6m length & 0.23 mm dia) ply board and the wooden blocks TOTAL COST = Rs 150.00 = Rs 100.00 = Rs 200.00 = Rs 450.00

Tools required for fabrication can be availed from the First Year Workshop.

Multimeter can be arranged from the Basic Electrical Engineering lab (TT 236).

PROTOTYPE BUILDING:

A sample prototype was constructed with the following specifications and the governing parameters were calculated.

Known Parameters: 1. Crank Slider Mechanism: Crank length Connecting Rod length Sliding distance : 120 mm : 200 mm : 240 mm

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2. Electromagnetic Circuit: Coil diameter No. of turns in coil Magnetic Type

: 85 mm : 18 : Bar Magnet

PARAMETER CALCULATIONS:

Since we didnt know the magnetic field value of the magnet, we determined it using the prototype under the following conditions:

The rate of change of area was calculated by rotating the crank at a particular speed for a particular period of time. The solenoid was at rest and the experiment was performed. The crank was rotated at approx. 72 rpm. (12 revolutions were recorded in 10s). The magnet was not touching solenoid at any point of time. North Pole of the Magnet was at the coil-approaching end.

Where, BA = Magnetic Flux at one end t = Time taken to travel from one end to other of slider slot = Time taken by crank to travel radians

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APPLICATIONS: The electricity produced if taken directly can help to light indicators, headlamp in a bicycle or can be used to charge the mobile phone. The market for the product will be the rural areas where bicycle is a common mode of transportation and where electricity is not there most of the times, and hence can be utilized to charge mobile phones. Also can be employed in rotating machines like flour mills, where many times machines are not turned ON, but the shafts by which they are attached by belts aand pulleys rotates, wasting a lot of energy.

WORK DONE SO FAR (TILL REVIEW I): Team Formation Projection Finalisation Guide Selection Study of the background of the project. Work Scheduling Raw Material Identification Cost Estimation

Conduction of Literature Survey (All relevant concepts and information were recorded and put to use.) Raw material identification and gathering. (Materials like wood, copper wire, magnet, Multimeter were gathered.) Creation of CAD Model. (3-D Model was created in Solidworks) Re-designing and Optimization (Status: ongoing). (Design error removal and modifications are being performed to get enhanced results)

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CONCLUSION: Different phases of the project have been identified and have been accordingly scheduled. At present, we are done with the planning phase of the project. All relevant and needed data for the project has been collected and is ready to be incorporated with the next phase. Also, all the raw materials that will be required through the project have been indentified and accordingly cost estimation of the project has been completed. Finally, the next phase will mark the beginning of design conceptualisation process.

REFRENCES: en.wikipedia.org/wiki home.howstuffworks.com ocw.metu.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/6885/mod_resource/content/1/ch7/7-2.htm Theory of Machines By SS Ratan

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