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    Bus Impedance Matrix-Z Bus

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    madhes14
    The document discusses the bus impedance matrix and its formation for power systems analysis. It defines the bus impedance matrix and describes how to directly form the matrix using graph theory techniques. It provides rules for constructing the matrix by adding lines/branches between buses and references in the system. The rules cover adding a line from the reference, adding a line between existing buses, adding a linking line, and performing Kron reduction. An example demonstrates applying the rules to build the matrix.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Bus Impedance Matrix-Z Bus

    Uploaded by

    madhes14
    329 views18 pages
    The document discusses the bus impedance matrix and its formation for power systems analysis. It defines the bus impedance matrix and describes how to directly form the matrix using graph theory techniques. It provides rules for constructing the matrix by adding lines/branches between buses and references in the system. The rules cover adding a line from the reference, adding a line between existing buses, adding a linking line, and performing Kron reduction. An example demonstrates applying the rules to build the matrix.

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    z bus

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    The document discusses the bus impedance matrix and its formation for power systems analysis. It defines the bus impedance matrix and describes how to directly form the matrix using graph theory techniques. It provides rules for constructing the matrix by adding lines/branches between buses and references in the system. The rules cover adding a line from the reference, adding a line between existing buses, adding a linking line, and performing Kron reduction. An example demonstrates applying the rules to build the matrix.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    329 views18 pages

    Bus Impedance Matrix-Z Bus

    Uploaded by

    madhes14
    The document discusses the bus impedance matrix and its formation for power systems analysis. It defines the bus impedance matrix and describes how to directly form the matrix using graph theory techniques. It provides rules for constructing the matrix by adding lines/branches between buses and references in the system. The rules cover adding a line from the reference, adding a line between existing buses, adding a linking line, and performing Kron reduction. An example demonstrates applying the rules to build the matrix.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The document discusses techniques for building bus impedance matrices to model power systems networks using graph theory and matrix operations.

    Bus impedance matrices are formed by directly building the matrix or inverting the bus admittance matrix. For large networks, sparse matrix programming with Gaussian elimination is preferred.

    There are four main rules - adding a line to the reference bus, adding a line between an existing bus, adding a linking line between buses, and adding a linking line between a bus and the reference.

    The Bus Impedance Matrix

    Definition

    1 Z bus = Ybus

    Direct formation of the matrix

    inversion of the bus admittance matrix is a n3 effort for small and medium size networks, direct building of the matrix is less effort for large size networks, sparse matrix programming with gaussian elimination technique is preferred

    Power Systems I

    Forming the Bus Impedance Matrix

    Graph theory techniques helps explain the building process

    bus node = graph vertex line branch = edge 0 1 2 4 3


    j0.4 j0.4

    0 1 2 5 1 3 4 5 2 2

    j0.2

    j 0.4

    j0.8

    3 selected tree

    extending tree branch

    loop closing co-tree branch

    Power Systems I

    Forming the Bus Impedance Matrix

    Basic construction of the network and the matrix

    1 2 i j 0 Reference

    Partial Network
    m bus

    Vbus = Z bus I bus

    Power Systems I

    Adding a Line

    1 2 p m q Partial Network

    1 2 p m

    Partial Network

    Z
    0 Reference

    m bus

    m bus

    0 Reference

    Vq = V p + z qp I q

    Vq = 0 + z q 0 I q

    Power Systems I

    Adding a Line to an Existing Line

    Z 21 Z 22 M Z p2 M Z m2 = Z p2 O M O M L Z mp L Z mm L = Z pp L = Z pm

    V1 Z11 V Z 2 21 M M V p = Z p1 M M Vm Z m1 V = Z p1 q L L O L Z1 p Z2 p M Z pp Z1m Z 2m M Z pm L L O L

    I1 I 2 M I p M M = Z mp I m I = Z pp + z pq q

    = Z1 p = Z2 p M = Z pp

    Power Systems I

    Adding a Line from Reference


    Z 21 Z 22 M Z p 2 L Z pp L Z pm M O M O M Z m 2 L Z mp L Z mm =0 L =0 L =0 L Z1 p L Z1m L Z 2 p L Z 2m O M O M I1 I 2 M = 0 I p M M = 0 I m I = z0 q q =0 =0 M

    V1 Z11 V Z 2 21 M M V p = Z p1 M M Vm Z m1 V = 0 q

    Power Systems I

    Closing a Loop
    1 p q m Partial Network 1 p i m 0 Reference

    Partial Network

    Z
    0 Reference

    m bus

    m bus

    z pq I l = V p Vq

    z p0 Il = Vp 0 z p0 Il Vp = 0

    z pq I l + Vq V p = 0

    Power Systems I

    Kron Reduction

    Eliminating a node from the system

    old Vbus [1n ] Z bus [ nn ] 0 = Z T [ n1]

    Vbus [1n ]
    T [ n1] bus [1n ]

    Z[1n ] I bus [1n ] Z ll [11] I l old = Z bus [ nn ] I bus [1n ] + Z [1n ] I l + Z ll [11] I l Z[1n ]Z T [ n1] Z ll Z T [ n1] Il = I bus [1n ] Z ll I bus [1n ] old ZZ T = Z bus I bus Z ll

    0 = Z I

    old Vbus [1n ] = Z bus [ nn ] I bus [1n ]

    Power Systems I

    Adding a Line between two Lines

    L Z1 p M Z pp Z qp M Z mp Z mq L Z qq M L O Z pq O Z pm Z qm M Z mm M L M Z1q Z1m O L L O L L Z qp Z pp

    V1 Z11 M M V p Z p1 Vq = Z q1 M M Vm Z m1 0 Z q1Z p1 Z qq Z pq L Z qm Z pm Z ll = z pq + Z pp + Z qq 2 Z pq

    Z1q Z1 p I1 M M Z pq Z pp I p Z qq Z qp I q M M Z mq Z mp I m I Z ll l

    Then execute Kron reduction on Zll

    Power Systems I

    Adding a Line from a Line to Reference


    L O L L Z1 p M Z pp Z ip M O M Z mi L Z mm Z pi L Z pm Z1i M Z pi Z ii Z1m M Z pm Z im O M L Z mp L Z pp L L O L Z1 p I 1 M M Z pp I p Z ip I q M M Z mp I m I Z ll l

    V1 Z11 M M V p Z p1 Vi = Z i1 M M Vm Z m1 0 Z p1 Z ll = z p 0 + Z pp

    Then execute Kron reduction on Zll

    Power Systems I

    Kron Reduction

    Kron reduction removes an axis (row & column) from a matrix while retaining the axiss numerical influence

    L Z1 p Z1i M Z pi Z ii O Z pm L Z im M O M Z mi L Z mm Z li L Z lm =Z Z
    new jk old jk

    L Z1m L M

    M L Z pp L Z ip M L Z mp L Z lp O

    V1 Z11 M M V p Z p1 Vi = Z i1 M M Vm Z m1 0 Z l1 O Z jl Z lk Z ll

    Z1l I1 M M Z pl I p Z il I q M M Z ml I m I Z ll l

    Power Systems I

    Z-Bus Building Rules

    Rule 1: Addition of a branch to the reference

    start with existing network matrix [m m] create a new network matrix [(m+1) (m+1)] with

    the new off-diagonal row and column filled with (0) the diagonal element (m+1),(m+1) filled with the element impedance

    zq0

    Power Systems I

    Z-Bus Building Rules

    Rule 2: Addition of a branch to an existing bus

    connecting to existing bus p start with existing network matrix [m m] create a new network matrix [(m+1) (m+1)] with

    the new off-diagonal row and column filled with a copy of row p and column p the diagonal element (m+1),(m+1) filled with the element impedance zpq plus the diagonal impedance Zpp

    Power Systems I

    Z-Bus Building Rules

    Rule 3: Addition of a linking branch

    connecting to existing buses p and q start with existing network matrix [m m] create a new network matrix [(m+1) (m+1)] with

    the new off-diagonal row and column filled with a copy of row q minus row p and column q minus column p the diagonal element (m+1),(m+1) filled with

    zpq + Zpp + Zqq - 2 Zpq perform Kron reduction on the m+1 row and column

    Power Systems I

    Z-Bus Building Rules

    Rule 4: Addition of a linking branch

    connecting to existing bus p and reference start with existing network matrix [m m] create a new network matrix [(m+1) (m+1)] with

    the new off-diagonal row and column filled with a copy of the negative of row p and the negative of column p the diagonal element (m+1),(m+1) filled with zp0 + Zpp

    perform Kron reduction on the m+1 row and column

    Power Systems I

    Example
    0
    j0.4

    j0.2

    1 1 2 3 4

    2 2 5

    1
    j0.4

    j 0.4

    j0.8

    3 Network

    3 Graph

    Line adding order: 1-0, 2-0, 1-3, 1-2, then 2-3

    Power Systems I

    Example
    j 0.2 0 j 0.2 0 j 0.4 4. j 0.2 0 j 0.2 j 0.4

    0. 1. 0 j 0. 4 0 j 0. 4 0 j 0.2 0 j 0.6

    [] [ j 0.2]

    j 0.2 j 0.4 0 j 0.6 j 0.2 j 0.2 j1.4 ( j 0.2 )( j 0.2) = j 0.17 Z11 = j 0.2 j1.4 j 0.057 0.285 j 0.057 j 0.171 j 0.057 j 0.571

    j 0.2 2. 0 j 0.2 3. 0 j 0.2


    j 0.171 j 0.057 j 0.171

    Power Systems I

    Example
    j 0.114 j 0.285 j 0.057 j 0.228 j 0.057 j 0.571 j 0.514 j1.14 j 0.228 j 0.514 j 0.08 j 0.12 j 0.24 j 0.16 j 0.16 j 0.34 j 0.057 j 0.171

    j 0.171 j 0.057 5. j 0.171 j 0.114 j 0.16 j 0.08 j 0.12

    Power Systems I

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