Marriage & Family

Marriage and Family
Dr. Jayesh Patidar

www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
4/16/2014
What characteristics make up a family?
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www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
Marriage and Family
Exogamy

Marrying outside of certain groups Cultural norm So strongly held, dont think about it
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Marriage and Family
Nuclear family
A living arrangement in which spouses and children live together
Extended family
A living arrangement in which spouses, children and other relatives live together
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4/16/2014
Marriage and Family
Monogamy

Two marriage partners Serial monogamy Three or more marriage partners
Polygamy
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Marriage and Family
Polygyny
Multiple wives Multiple husbands
Polyandry
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Marriage and Family
Social construction of marriage and family

Are these patterns culturally relative? How are patterns of marriage and family changing?
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Marriage and Family
Marriage

Approved mating arrangement Formalized by a ritual Two or more people Related by blood, marriage or adoption They live together or have lived together
Family

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Marriage and Family
Nuclear family
A living arrangement in which spouses and children live together
Extended family
A living arrangement in which spouses, children and other relatives live together
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Marriage and Family
Family of orientation
Where a person grows up Where a person was born
Family of procreation
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Marriage and Family
Monogamy Polygamy Polygyny Polyandry
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Marriage and Family
Group norms

Cultural norm So strongly held, dont think about it Marrying outside of certain groups Marriage within a certain group
Exogamy
Endogamy
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Patterns of Descent
Bilineal (or Bilateral)

Traced on both mother and fathers side Pattern for our culture Traced only on fathers side Traced only on mothers side
Patrilineal
Matrilineal
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Patriarchy
A social system where men dominate women
Circular pattern of superiority
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Marriage and Family in Theoretical Perspectives

Functionalism Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionism
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Marriage and Family in Theoretical Perspectives
Who are the people and what are the different roles in your family? What are your responsibilities in your family?
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Marriage and Family
Social construction of marriage and family

Are these patterns culturally relative? How are patterns of marriage and family changing?
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Theoretical Perspectives
Functionalism
Family provides essentials to society

Economic production Socialization of children Care of sick and aged; emotional support Recreation Reproduction Sexual control
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Functionalism
Incest taboo
Rules to specify which people are too closely related to have sex or marry Avoid role confusion Promotes exogamy Culturally relative
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Conflict Theory
Arena of struggle = housework
Resources: time, energy, leisure Men resist housework Why?
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Conflict Theory/Feminist
Arlie HochschildThe Second Shift
Some modest changes Men do lower-stressed chores Women do higher stressed chores
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Symbolic Interaction
Arlie HochschildThe Second Shift
Two factors shrink housework gender gap Income difference Education = More egalitarian attitudes
His and Her marriages
Different perceptions of relationship
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Family Life Cycle

Romantic loveAmerican ideal of finding a mate (discussion time) How is romantic love is promoted in American social institutions, such as the family, education, religion, and the media? What conclusions can you draw from this?
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Family Life Cycle
Romantic loveAmerican ideal of finding a mate
Social channels for love and marriage
Age Education Social Class Race Religion

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Homogamy
Family Life Cycle
Romantic love
Other theories of mate selection
Marriage gradient
Tendency for women to marry men of higher status Reinforces patriarchy?
Complimentary
needs
Select spouse whose needs are different Opposites attract
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Family Life Cycle
Romantic love
Matching hypothesis
Marry someone about attractive as we are Celebrity examples
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Family Life Cycle
Romantic love

Social
Exchange Theory
Something exchanged Mens most valuable asset : money Womens most valuable asset : looks
Parental image theoryWe marry someone similar to our parent of the opposite sex
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Family Life Cycle
Having children
Misconception: Baby makes happy family
Marital satisfaction decreases w/child Less time & sleep + more expenses U-shaped model
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Family Life Cycle
Having children: Effect of social class
Working-class
More likely to have a baby after nine months More likely to have personal/financial problems
Middle class
More resources to postpone birth of first child Leads to more time to adjust to one another
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Family Life Cycle
Child Care
Day Care
One child out of six in day care What is the quality of our day care? What is the impact on children?
Nannies
Upper-middle-class phenomenon Tension between parents and nannies
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Family Life Cycle
Child Care
Social Class and socialization (Kohn)

Working Class: Conformity Middle Class: Curiosity/Self-expression
Birth order
First borns: Disciplined more, more attention More children: Competition for attention
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Family Life Cycle
Family in Later Life
Empty Nest
After the last child leaves home Middle Class: Curiosity/Self-expression
Boomerang children
Higher cost of living & lengthier education Social issues at home
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Diversity in U.S. Families
Upper Class
Preserve privilege & wealth

Academic achievement/Respectability Obstacles of poverty Unemployment/Single parenting Fictive kinship
Middle Class
Working Class

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African American
Marriage squeeze Spanish language Roman Catholic religion Machismo
Latino

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Asian American

Similar in structure to white families Respect for elderly, moderation, obligation Guilt and shame
Native American
Question of assimilation
Tradition vs. dominant culture

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Social Class and Culture are key issues One-parent families

High divorce rate, increase in unwed mothers Most are headed by women = most are poor Children more likely to:

Drop out of school Be poor as adults Divorce

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Families without children

14% of marrieds have no children More education = more likely to have no kids Child free marriages Childless not by choice

Adoption Fertility methods

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Blended Families

Increasing in number Complicated relationships Vermont, first state to recognize (2000) Similarities
Gay and Lesbian Families

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Trends in U.S. Families
Postponing marriage
Average age of first-time brides and grooms:
Older than at any time in U.S. history
Oldest average age women having first child
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Figure 12.6 - The Median Age at Which Americans Marry for the First Time. Page 327
Trends in U.S. Families
Cohabitation
10 times more common than 30 years ago
About 40% will be in a cohabiting family
Commitment disparity Couples that cohabit before marriage are more likely to divorce than those that dont.
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Divorce and Remarriage
Measuring Divorce
Divorce rate = 50%...correct?
2.2 million marriages annually 1.1 million divorces annually
Question: Divorced couples not from same group that got married in that same year?
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Divorce and Remarriage
Measuring Divorce
All marriages and all divorces
60 million married couples in U.S. 1.25 million divorces annually Divorce rate = 2%
Figure 12.11
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Figure 12.11 - What Percentage of Americans are Divorced?. Page 332

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Thank you
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Marriage and Family

Dr. Jayesh Patidar

What characteristics make up a family?

Marriage and Family

Marriage and Family

Marriage and Family

Two marriage partners Serial monogamy Three or more marriage partners

Marriage and Family

Multiple wives Multiple husbands

Marriage and Family

Social construction of marriage and family

Marriage and Family

Marriage and Family

Marriage and Family

Where a person grows up Where a person was born

Marriage and Family

Monogamy Polygamy Polygyny Polyandry

Marriage and Family

Bilineal (or Bilateral)

A social system where men dominate women

Circular pattern of superiority

Marriage and Family in Theoretical Perspectives

Functionalism Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionism

Marriage and Family in Theoretical Perspectives

Marriage and Family

Social construction of marriage and family

Family provides essentials to society

Arena of struggle = housework

Resources: time, energy, leisure Men resist housework Why?

Arlie HochschildThe Second Shift

Arlie HochschildThe Second Shift

His and Her marriages

Different perceptions of relationship

Family Life Cycle

Family Life Cycle

Romantic loveAmerican ideal of finding a mate

Social channels for love and marriage

Age Education Social Class Race Religion

Family Life Cycle

Other theories of mate selection

Select spouse whose needs are different Opposites attract

Family Life Cycle

Other theories of mate selection

Family Life Cycle

Other theories of mate selection

Family Life Cycle

Misconception: Baby makes happy family

Family Life Cycle

Having children: Effect of social class

Family Life Cycle

Family Life Cycle

Social Class and socialization (Kohn)

Family Life Cycle

Family in Later Life

Diversity in U.S. Families

Preserve privilege & wealth

Diversity in U.S. Families

Marriage squeeze Spanish language Roman Catholic religion Machismo

Diversity in U.S. Families