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2.1.1. Form: 2. Sentence Types (By Functions) 2.1. Declarative Sentences

A negative thought can also be expressed by the following: never, hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom I never go to school late. The verb "fail" I failed to recognize her at the party. The people seem to have no hope whatsoever. I am not in the least tired.

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118 views

2.1.1. Form: 2. Sentence Types (By Functions) 2.1. Declarative Sentences

A negative thought can also be expressed by the following: never, hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom I never go to school late. The verb "fail" I failed to recognize her at the party. The people seem to have no hope whatsoever. I am not in the least tired.

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thduy
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2. Sentence types (by functions) 2.1. Declarative sentences 2.1.1. Form a. Affirmative: He read the novel. b.

Negative: He did not read the novel. Note: A negative thought can also be expressed by the following: Negative or semi-negative adverbs: never, hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom I never go to school late. We hardly play computer games. The verb fail I failed to recognize her at the party. Other expressions: - no, none, no one, nobody, nothing, no longer, neither, nor No one is perfect. - few, little, instead of, rather than, without I drink tea rather than coffee. They should build houses instead of office blocks. Emphatic negative: There was nowhere at all to park. The people seem to have no hope whatsoever. I am not in the least tired. 2.1.2. Use Some common uses of a statement are to give information, to make an offer or a suggestion, to express approval, to show sympathy, to thank someone, to apologize to someone, to complain to someone, to ask for information, to give orders, etc. I will carry the bag for you. (offering) We can watch the film together. (making suggestions) We are doing the right thing. (expressing approval) I am sorry to hear that you failed the exam. (showing sympathy) I am grateful for what you did. (thanking someone) I was terribly sorry for having broken your glass windows. (making an apology) I am writing to complain to you about your poor services. (making a complaint) I need to know your story. (asking for information) I want you to focus on your study. (giving orders)

2.2. Interrogative sentences 2.2.1. Form a. Yes-No Questions A Yes-No question can be answered yes or no. Do you like ice-cream? Yes, I do. / Certainly. Are you busy this weekend? No, I am not. b. Wh-Questions A Whquestion begins with a question word. A question word can be a subject, object, complement, or adverbial. [Wh-Subject] ? Who teaches you English? [Wh-Object] ? What does she like? [Wh-subject complement] ? Who is she? [Wh-adverbial] ? Where are you? When will you finish you work? How did you get there? Why did you behave like that? c. Negative Yes-No questions - Expressing surprise Dont you get there alone? - Complaining Havent you cleaned the bathroom? - Making suggestions Why not use your motorbike? - Asking the hearer to agree that something is true. Didnt I see you on television last night? (The meaning is similar to a tag question with a rising intonation: I saw you on television last night, didnt I?) d. Question Tags A question tag can be added to a statement. You have answered the phone, havent you? They do not know that, do they? - There in a tag There were a lot of guests at the party, werent there? - It or they instead of this, that, these, those That was lucky, wasnt it? - After I am, the tag is arent I? I am right, arent I? - After everyone, someone, etc. they is used? Everyone deserves a pay rise, dont they?

2.2.2.

2.3. Imperative sentences 2.3.1. Form a. Positive Be careful. Open the door. b. Negative Dont be late. Never touch electrical equipment with wet hands. 2.3.2. Use a. The basic use of the imperative is to give orders, to get someone to do something. Do as I told you. b. Other uses - Slogans and advertisements: Save the rain forests. - Suggestions and advice: Take a year off from your studies and learn something about the real world. - Warnings and reminders: Dont forget your key. - Instructions and directions: Go along the street and turn left at the lights. - Informal offers and invitations: Come to have lunch with us. - Good wishes: Have a nice trip. - Imperative + question tag Positive imperative, positive tag Get out your books, will/ could/ can/ could you? (more informal than Will you get out your books?) Positive imperative, negative tag Keep still, wont/ cant you? (greater feeling) Have a nice holiday, wont you? (warnings, reminders, good wishes) Negative imperative, positive tag Dont forget your key, will you? (warnings, reminders, good wishes) Positive imperative, will you/ wont you? Have a chocolate, will/ wont you? (offers, invitations)

Use The most basic use of a question is to ask for information, and some others. - What time is the next train? (asking for information) - Will you please lend me your pen? (requesting) - Shall we take the early train? (making a suggestion) - Can I help you? (offering) - May I take one of your books? (asking permission)

2.4. Exclamatory sentences 2.4.1. With HOW and WHAT a. How + Adjective/ Adverb + (Pro)noun + Verb! How wonderful it is! How fast he is running! b. What + Noun Phrase + (Pro)noun + Verb! What a lovely day it is! What a journey we had! c. An exclamation can also be just a phrase with how or what. How lucky! What a journey! What lovely flowers! 2.4.2. With ADVERBS a. Adverb of place + Pronoun + Verb! Here it is! b. Adverb of place + Verb + Noun phrase! There comes the bus! 2.4.3. Other ways of expressing exclamations a. With a negative question form; The voice rises then falls. Arent you lucky! (= How lucky you are!) b. Any phrase or short sentence can be an exclamation. Oh, no! You idiot! Oh, my God!

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