8291 s12 QP 13
8291 s12 QP 13
8291 s12 QP 13
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8291/13
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Paper 1 Lithosphere and Atmosphere
May/June 2012
1 hour 30 minutes
Additional Materials:
Answer Booklet/Paper
1 Insert
Total
[Turn over
2
Section A
For
Examiners
Use
(a) Fig. 1.1 shows the percentage of people affected by different sources of noise in Berlin,
and those strongly affected.
100
affected
80
of which strongly
affected
people
60
affected / %
40
20
0
road
noise
air
traffic
rail
traffic
source of noise
Fig. 1.1
(i)
(ii)
What is the difference between the percentage of people affected by road noise
and the percentage of people affected by noise from air traffic?
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difference = .................................%
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(iii)
Explain the difference between the percentage of people affected by road noise
and the percentage affected by noise from air traffic.
For
Examiners
Use
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(iv)
For both road noise and air traffic noise, about 1 in 3 people are strongly affected.
Describe circumstances under which people would be strongly affected by these
sources of noise.
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(v)
Briefly describe the extent to which people are affected by noise from the remaining
sources in Fig. 1.1.
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(b) Look at the photograph for Question 1(b) on the insert. It shows a panoramic view
across part of the city of Berlin.
Describe and explain the variations in the level and type of noise pollution likely to be
experienced in the region of Berlin shown in the photograph.
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[Total: 20]
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For
Examiners
Use
5
2
(a) Study Table 2.1 containing information on the number of urban areas of greater than
10 million population and between 5 and 10 million population for MEDCs and LEDCs
between 1975 and 2015.
Answer the questions that follow.
For
Examiners
Use
Table 2.1
urban population size
MEDCs
LEDCs
(i)
2000
2005
2015
> 10 million
42
85
88
91
5 10 million
50
42
54
67
> 10 million
11
154
204
268
5 10 million
68
152
150
206
By how much is the number of urban areas with populations of over 10 million in
MEDCs and LEDCs likely to increase between 1975 and 2015?
MEDCs .....................................................................................................................
LEDCs .................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii)
Describe the trends in the number of urban areas of 5 10 million and greater than
10 million for MEDCs and LEDCs in the period 1975 to 2015.
5 10 million ............................................................................................................
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greater than 10 million ..............................................................................................
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(iii)
Explain why the rate of growth in the number of urban areas is higher in LEDCs.
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(iv)
Suggest one reason for the decrease in the 5 10 million group of urban areas in
2000 for MEDCs and 2005 for LEDCs.
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(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a model of land use within a city in a LEDC.
main
road
spontaneous
shanty town
settlements
high
quality
housing
n
er es
d
o ri
m cto
fa
CBD
n
er s
od rie
m cto
fa
poor quality
permanent
housing
main road
and airport
Fig. 2.1
(i)
Briefly describe and give one reason for the location of the poorer quality housing
shown in Fig. 2.1.
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For
Examiners
Use
7
(ii)
For
Examiners
Use
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(c) Look at the photograph for Question 2(c) on the insert. Describe the environmental
issues that are associated with the development of the shanty town (favella) shown in
the photograph.
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[Total: 20]
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Section B
Answer one question from this section.
(a) Briefly describe how the factors contained in Fig. 3.1 work together to produce a mature soil.
[10]
climatic
biotic
processes
mature soil
time
geological
relief
Fig. 3.1
(b) Describe three ways in which agricultural activity can cause the deterioration of a soil. With
reference to examples you have studied, assess the ways in which the fertility of a soil can be
sustained.
[30]
[Total: 40]
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4
(a) Describe and suggest reasons for the increases in risks and impacts of global warming shown
in Fig. 4.1.
[10]
risks
to
many
large
increase
negative
for most
regions
5
4
3
risks
to
some
increase
negative
for some
regions
II
III
2
1
0
1
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10
5
(a) Look at the photographs for Question 5(a) on the insert. They show two effects of acid
rain. Briefly describe the processes that contributed to these two aspects of environmental
damage.
[10]
(b) With reference to urban areas with which you are familiar, describe the main contributors to
chemical pollution of the atmosphere. Assess some of the measures that are being adopted
to reduce this pollution.
[30]
[Total: 40]
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BLANK PAGE
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BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 1a
Question 4a
Question 1
Question 2c
Question 5
Question 5
Figure 1.1
Figure 4.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 2.3
Figure 5.1
Figure 5.1
Photograph
Photograph
Photograph
Photograph
www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de.
www.globalwarming-awareness2007.html.
David Crossland; Germany Images; Alamy.
Ref: 2960080; Poverty; iStockphoto.
Ref: 10744319; Environmental catastrophe on the Czech German border; iStockphoto.
Ref: 5001266; Acid erosion; iStockphoto.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
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