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Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data Overview

Appendix G Acquiring & Processing
Jaszczak Phantom Data
Overview
This section provides a step-by-step description of the steps required for
acquiring Tomo images of the Jaszczak Phantom. The following two
procedures are described:

Jaszczak Phantom acquisition and
processing for ACR accreditation of Infinia
cameras
The terms of acquiring and processing are
defined in relevant ACR documentation,
which is delivered with the accreditation
programs. This document is complementary
to ACR accreditation instructions and
focuses on optimizing the acquisition and
reconstruction parameters specific to the
Infinia systems.
Jaszczak Phantom acquisition for a general
test of the systems Tomo capabilities
Acquisition and processing parameters are
supplied with the aim of achieving optimal
Tomo images.
Note
The Jaszczak "Deluxe" phantom is the ACR approved phantom for evaluating
Tomo images quality. If only a Jaszczak "Standard" phantom is available, it may
be used instead.
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Overview Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data
Phantom Description
Phantom Description
Both the Deluxe and the Standard phantoms are Acrylic cylinders with protruding
flanged tops and a wall thickness of 3.2 mm. The internal diameter of the
cylinders is 21.6 cm and the internal height is 18.6 cm. (see Figure G-1 and
Figure G-2).
Figure G-1 Components of Deluxe Jaszczak Phantom
Figure G-2 ACR Approved Phantom Assembly
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Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data System Preparation

The phantoms include six sets of cold rods, and six cold spheres of different
diameters, as shown in Figure G-3.
The rods and spheres diameters are specified in Table G-1.
System Preparation
Before acquiring the images, verify that the system is in an optimal state. In
particular, verify the following:
A high statistics uniformity map acquired for both detectors with the
relevant collimators (according to the radio-isotope used). The statistics
suggested for the maps is at least 120 Mcts per Head (256x 256 matrix).
Perform the C.O.R. calibration procedure for the relevant collimators.
Record the calibration data for further reporting.
Perform a Uniformity test. Verify that all the uniformity parameters are
within tolerance range. Record test results for further reporting.
Figure G-3 Phantom Inserts
Table G-1 Phantoms Insert Dimensions
Phantom Type Rod/Sphere mm mm mm mm mm mm
ACR approved
(Jaszczak Deluxe)
Rods diameter 4.8 6.4 7.9 9.5 11.1 12.7
Spheres diameter 9.5 12.7 15.9 19.1 25.4 31.8
Jaszczak Standard
Phantom
Rods diameter 6.4 7.9 9.5 11.1 12.7 15.1
Spheres diameter 12.7 15.9 19.1 25.4 31.8 38.1
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Phantom Adjustment Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data
For more information regarding the procedures described above, contact your
local GE representative.
Phantom Adjustment
1. Fill the Jaszczak phantom with distilled water, leaving a volume of about
10 ml of air.
2. With the table retracted to maximum OUT position, place the phantom on
its side (along the primary patient axis) on a holder protruding from the
edge of the table. Pay attention to the following guidelines:
Position the phantom so that the largest "cold" sphere is placed at the
bottom of the phantom, closest to the pallet.
Phantom should be parallel to the axis-of-rotation in both dimensions
(side-to-side and horizontally).
The phantoms flange should be perpendicular to the gantry axis of
rotation.
The cylinder axis should be close to the gantry axis-of-rotation so that
the distance from the face of the collimators to the phantom does not
change during rotation. This adjustment is best performed by setting
the Gantry to 90 in H-mode and position the detectors close to the
phantom (RADIAL IN). Make sure that the sides of the phantom are
parallel to the collimators. A ruler may be used to measure the distance
between the phantom and the detectors to improve the accuracy of
phantoms positioning.
The phantom should be located between the detectors so that its entire
body will be screened. Use the black lines delineating the detectors
Field Of View on the collimators face as a reference.
Figure G-4 Jaszczak Phantom Position on the Pallet
Patient Table
Available Tooling
Jaszczak Phantom
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Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data Gantry Setup

Gantry Setup
1. Set the radius of rotation as follows:
For ACR accreditation: set the radius of rotation to 20 cm for both
detectors
For optimal images: set the radius of rotation as close as possible.
2. Measure the distance between Detector 1 and the phantom at two rotation
angles: 0 and 180. The two distances should be equal. If not, correct the
phantom positioning (modifying table height may be required). After
Detector 1 is properly positioned, adjust the position of Detector 2.
3. Carefully rotate the detectors to make sure that no collision occurs
between the phantom or stretcher. In case of collision, attempt to slightly
move the phantom (left or right) or to move the pallet (up or down) in order
to position the phantom symmetrically between the detectors.
If necessary, enlarge the radiuses by a few millimeters (while keeping them
equal to each other). Repeat the operation several times until optimal
positioning of the phantom/stretcher and the detectors is achieved.
4. When all adjustments are complete, position the gantry at a 90 rotation
angle and carefully remove the phantom, so that it will be possible to
reposition the phantom in the exact same position.
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Jaszczak Phantom Preparation Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data
SPECT Acquisition Using Tc99m With LEHR collimators
Jaszczak Phantom Preparation
SPECT Acquisition Using Tc99m With LEHR Collimators
To calculate the activity needed, bear in mind that due to the phantom
absorption, the output is about 40% of the inserted Tc99
m
activity. Count rate
should not exceed 30 kc/s.
1. Inject into the phantom Tc99
m
with an activity (A) of approximately:
Where S is the sensitivity of the Collimator in cpm/Ci.
The best technique is to measure the activity with a Dosimeter. If this is not
available, then:
a. Fill the syringe with an amount of Tc99m that will yield a rate of
~30 kc/s in both detectors.
b. Inject 2.5 times this amount of Tc99m into the phantom.
The activity for the LEHR Collimator should be 10-20 mCi.
When injecting liquid into the phantom, a few millimeters of air should be left in
the phantom.
2. After injecting the isotope into the phantom, close the phantom and mix the
liquid inside as follows:
a. Hold the phantom with the filling cover facing up.
b. Turn the phantom over so that cover is at the bottom and wait for the
bubbles to rise.
c. Turn the phantom back to its original position and wait again for the
bubbles to rise.
d. Repeat the process for about one minute.
3. Place the phantom carefully in its position towards the gantry. Rotate the
gantry a full rotation, ensuring that the collimators do not come in contact
with the phantom.
A =
15kc/s
S*1/60 (kc/s)/mCi
*
1
0.4
=
2250
S
[mCi]
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Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data Tomo Image Acquisition
SPECT Acquisition Using Other Radioisotopes and Collimators
SPECT Acquisition Using Other Radioisotopes and Collimators
Since the ACR applicant may also be requested to submit either Tl201 or Ga67
images (in addition to Tc99m), it is recommended first to fill the phantom with
Tc99m solution, perform the images requested, remove the solution, clean the
phantom, leave the residual Tc-99m to decay about 12 hours and then to fill the
phantom with Tl-201 or Ga-67 solution.
Recommended amounts of the sources activity are represented in Table G-2.
Tomo Image Acquisition
1. Open the To Do List.
2. Select the [New Study...] button to schedule a new Tomo study.
3. Fill in test details.
4. Press [Select Study Protocol...]. From the Factory\Basic folder, select
Tomo.
5. Calculate the required time per view using the average count rate
displayed during persistence mode, after pressing [Apply], according to the
following:
For ACR accreditation: time per projection [sec] = 200/average count
rate.
For Optimal images: time per projection [sec] = at least 1000/average
count rate.
Table G-2 Recommended Sources Activities
Activity, mCi
Collimator Tc99m Tl201 Ga67
LEGP 7 - 10 5 8
LEHR 10- 20 12 - 15
MEGP 8 - 12
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Tomo Image Acquisition Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data
6. In the Tomo Key Parameters panel, select/verify the following parameters:
7. Click [Correction Parameters] to go to the Corrections Panel. Verify the
following:
8. Start Acquisition using the RCU <GO/PAUSE> key.
Table G-3: Tomo Key Parameters
Rotation (total angular range) 360 (180 per detector)
View angle 3 (view #: 120)
Stop on time per projection See Step 5 above
Zoom 1.33
Y offset
Update if required, to get the phantom
in the center of the frame
Matrix 128 x 128
Table G-4: Tomo Correction Parameters
Use corrections: Body Contour Off and COR On
Isotope: Tc99m
Collimator LEHR
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Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data SPECT Reconstruction

SPECT Reconstruction
The procedure below describes the necessary steps for data reconstruction on
Xeleris 2.x workstations. The figures below illustrate a step-by-step procedure
of reconstructing and processing of SPECT images of a Jaszczak phantom.
1. Select the Jaszczak Planar projection from the Xeleris Data
Management panel.
2. From the applications list, launch the General SPECT application.
3. When reconstruction is completed and the resulting images are displayed
(see Figure G-5), select [SPECT Options] from the menu in the left side of
the screen.
Figure G-5 General SPECT Reconstruction Images
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SPECT Reconstruction Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data
4. From the opened Filtering and Attenuation parameters (see Figure G-6)
select the following parameters:.
5. Click the [Proceed] button; to save the setup, open File menu and select
Save and Exit.
Area Parameter Name Recommended Parameter
FILTERS Pre-Filter type
For ACR accreditation: Hann, Critical
frequency of 1.56/cm.
For Optimal Images: select the
reconstruction filter that will produce best
results or use the same parameters as for
ACR accreditation
CORRECTIONS
OPTIONS
Attenuation Correction Change order 0
Threshold Adjust until an optimal attenuation correction
is achieved. Resulting transaxial projection
should appear uniform, without "hot" central
spots and/or edges. Typical values:
Threshold = 5, coefficient = 0.12.
Coefficient
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Figure G-6 Reconstruction Filter Selection (Hann 1.56 filter with attenuation correction
threshold = 5 and coefficient = 0.125 shown)
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Analysis Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data
Analysis
The procedure below describes the necessary steps required for analyzing and
processing the acquired images.
1. From the Xeleris database list, select saved Results
Series\TRANSAXIAL group and launch Load to New.
2. Arrange the screen as shown in Figure G-7, so that all slices from the cold
rods region of the phantom are represented on the upper sub-screen.
3. Select from the 16 slices from the central part of the cold rod section, which
look similar. Record the first and last numbers of selected slices.
Figure G-7 Screen Arrangement for Resolution Analysis
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4. Sum selected slices using Image Reframe Composite option. The
output image represents a 5 cm (not pixel) thick section and is used to
evaluate tomographic spatial resolution. See Figure G-8
5. Adjust windowing levels for optimal visualization of the rods on the
composed image.
For typical results obtained using the ACR accreditation guidelines, see
Figure G-9.
For typical results obtained using the Optimal images guidelines, see
Figure G-10.
Figure G-8 Phantom Image Analysis
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Analysis Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data
Figure G-9 Typical Resolution Image Obtained Using ACR Accreditation Guidelines
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Figure G-10 Typical Resolution Image obtained using Optimal Image Guidelines
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Analysis Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data
The image in Figure G-9 was obtained using the following acquisition
parameters:
The image in Figure G-10 was obtained using the following acquisition
parameters:
6. Select the resulting image. From the File menu select Save. Name the
image RESOLUTION when prompted and save it.
Table G-5: Acquisition Parameters
Isotope: Tc99m
Collimator LEHR
Rotation (total angular range) 360 (180 per detector)
View angle 3 (view #: 120)
Detector radius 20.0
Average rate during persistence ~7 kcts/sec
Injected activity ~15 mCi Tc99m
Stop on time per projection 29 sec
Zoom 1.33
Reconstruction filter Metz 1.56
Attenuation correction Change order 0, threshold: 5, coefficient 0.125
# of summed slices 16
Table G-6: Acquisition Parameters
Isotope: Tc99m
Collimator LEHR
Rotation (total angular range) 360 (180 per detector)
View angle 3 (view #: 120)
Detector radius 16.4
Average rate during persistence ~6 kcts/sec
Injected activity ~13 mCi Tc99m
Stop on time per projection 167 sec/projection
Zoom 1.33
Reconstruction filter Metz 1.56
Attenuation correction Change order 0, threshold: 5, coefficient 0.125
# of summed slices 16
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7. Arrange the screen as shown in Figure G-7, but so that slices from the
center of region with a uniform solution (without spheres or rods) are
represented on the upper sub-screen.
8. Select up to 6 slices, which look similar. Record the first and last numbers
of the selected slices.
9. Sum selected slices using Image Reframe Composite option (see
Figure G-11). The output image represent a ~2 cm (not pixel) thick section,
that is used to evaluate uniformity.
10. Optimize the windowing levels of the composed image.
Figure G-11 Composed UNIFORMITY Image ACR accreditation Guidelines
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Analysis Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data
11. Select the resulting image. From the File menu select Save, name the
image UNIFORMITY when prompted and save it.
12. Arrange the screen as it is shown in Figure G-7, such that slices that
contain the spheres are represented on the upper sub-screen.
13. Select from uniform region 2 slices, which look similar. Record the first and
last numbers of selected slices for further reporting.
14. Sum selected slices using Image Reframe Composite option (see
Figure G-12). The output image represents the image with highest
contrast, that is used to evaluate image contrast.
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.
15. Optimize the windowing levels of the composed image.
Figure G-12 Composed CONTRAST Image - ACR Accreditation Guidelines
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Analysis Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data
16. Verify that it is possible to position a horizontal line across the image
(passing through its center) so that it does not touch any of the "cold"
spheres. If needed, rotate the image a little using the Orientation option
from the Image menu, as shown in Figure G-13. Use the scroll-bar marked
on the illustration by red arrows.
17. Select the resulting image. From the File menu select Save, name the
image as CONTRAST when prompted, and save it. Close Workspace.
18. Re-open saved CONTRAST image and arrange 2x2 screen format.
Figure G-13 Rotation of image for CONTRAST Image
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19. From the Curve menu, select Profile option.
20. Set profile parameters as shown in Table G-7
21. Estimate and record the average counts number inside the phantom on the
profile data.
22. Close the option by clicking the [Apply & Quit] button.
Table G-7 Profile Parameters
Input window A
Output window B
Thickness (pixels) 1
Using Position
(pixels) scroll-bar
Place the profile line across the center of the CONTRAST image
without intersecting any sphere. The profile line should extend well
outside the phantom on both sides
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Figure G-14 Profile Parameters Setting
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23. Re-open the Profile option. Set profile parameters as shown in Table G-8:
Table G-8 Profile Option
Input window A
Output window C
Thickness (pixels) 1
Using Position
(pixels) scroll-bar
Place the profile line so that it crosses the center of biggest "cold"
sphere. Estimate and record the minimum number of counts in the
profile within the phantom.
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Analysis Acquiring & Processing Jaszczak Phantom Data
Figure 12:
24. Calculate the contrast as:
Contrast = (Average_Cnts - Minimum_Cnts)/Average_Counts
Record calculated contrast value for further reporting.
Figure G-15 Contrast Measurements
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25. Repeat steps 1 -24 for the SPECT data obtained with the Jaszczak
phantom filled with Tl201 or Ga67.