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Solutions: Sequences and Series State Convention 2004

1. The series converges if 1/r < 1 and diverges if 1/r > 1 or if r = -1. It converges conditionally if 1/r = 1. 2. The series represents the harmonic series, which diverges as the terms do not approach zero. 3. The ratio test fails for the series ∑(3/2)^n as the limit of the ratio is 1.

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38 views2 pages

Solutions: Sequences and Series State Convention 2004

1. The series converges if 1/r < 1 and diverges if 1/r > 1 or if r = -1. It converges conditionally if 1/r = 1. 2. The series represents the harmonic series, which diverges as the terms do not approach zero. 3. The ratio test fails for the series ∑(3/2)^n as the limit of the ratio is 1.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Sequences and SeriesSOLUTIONS State Convention 2004

1. CIf 1 r > , then it diverges (b/c its unbounded) and if 1 r < then the limit = 0, hence converges. If
, converges to 0 and if 1 r = 1, r = it diverges by oscillation. So 1 1 r < .
2. B--
1
1 1 1 1
... .
1 2 2 3 3 4 ( 1)
1
( 1)
n
n n n n

=
+ + + +
+
=
+

So,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 ... 1 .
2 2 3 3 1 1
n
S
n n n
= + + + =
+ +
And,
. 1 lim
n
n
S

=
3. DThe limit of the ratio for the series
3/ 2
1
n

is 1,so this test fails.


4. D--
2/ 3
2.
1 1 2/ 3
a
S
r
= = =


5. C-- (diverges), unless x = 3. lim( 1)( 3)
n
n x

+ =
6. DThe series is
2 3
( ) ( )
4 4
cos ( ) sin cos sin ...
4 4 4 2! 4 3! 4
x x
x



+ And the coefficient of the
required term is
2
12
.
7. AUsing the series for and letting x = -0.1 gives the answer.
x
e
8. A--
/ // /// 4 5 5
2 3 4
1 1 2 3 2
( ) ln ; ( ) 1 ln ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) and (1) 3 2. f x x x f x x f x f x f x f x f
x x x x

= = + = = = = = .
So, the coefficient of
5
3 2 1
( 1) .
5! 20
x

= =
9. CUsing the Ratio Test, we get
1
1
2 2
lim
n
n
x x
e
n

| |
+ =
|
\ .
. So, the series converges when
2
x
e < 1, that is,
when
2
. x
e
< So, the radius of convergence is
2
e
.
10. DSince the ratio r < 1, the sum of the series =
1
a
r
or
3
3
1
3
1
3

, which simplifies to get the answer.


11. AThe error of this given series is less in absolute value than the first term dropped, that is, less than
300
( 1)
0.0011
900 1

. The closest answer to this is A.


12. EUsing the Ratio Test, we get
1
1
1
lim
n
x
n


+
. This equals 0 if 1 x convergent everywhere. It
also converges if x = 1.
13. CThe power series for ln(1 ) x , if x < 1, is
2 3
...
2 3
x x
x and the coefficient of the
3
x term is
1
3

.
14. ARewrite the given limit as:
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
1 2 3
... lim
n
n
n n n n

(
| | | | | | | |
+ + + +
(
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
(

1
n
. Note that the interval in
this case is 0 to 1 and
1
x
n
= ,
k
k
n
x = , and . This gives the integral.
1/ 2
( ) ( )
k k
f x x =
Sequences and SeriesSOLUTIONSpage 2 State Convention 2004

15. BDifferentiating, the new series is
2 2
1 ( 1) ( 1)
...
2 3 4
x x x
1+ + + + Using Ratio Test gives the answer.
16. BThe limit approaches 0 as n gets large (denominator gets huge).
17. DUsing the p-Series test, where p > 1,as in D, will show convergence.
18. BUsing the Integral test for B, shows divergence.
19. DUsing the Limit Comparison Test shows convergence for this series/
20. ASince the given series is a convergent geometric series with a = 2 and r = 0.2, we have
3 3
3
2(1/ 5)
0.02
1 1 1/ 5
ar
R
r
= = =


21. DWe want
2(1/ 5)
0.0002
1 1/ 5
n
<

. Solving, we get n > 5.86. so 6 terms are required for stated accuracy.
22. DRationalizing the denominators, we have ( 2 1) ( 3 2) ( 4 3) ... ( 25 24) 4. + + + + =
23. CSubtract 2 from the beginning index of summation means add 2 to the formula that is summed.
24. BWe have
2 2 2
10 2 1 1 1
1
( ... ) ( 1) ( 1)
1
n n n n n n
n
t t t t n t n t n t t t
n


+ + + + = = =
+
n
. So the sum is
2
1 5
50
50 51 51
= i
i
0
.

25. BWrite the series as which then can be written as
2 3
1 3 5 7 ... x x x + + + +
2
2 3 3
2
1 2 2 1
[1 ...] [2( ...)] ... ...
1 1 1 (1
x x
x x x x x
x x x
( +
( (
+ + + + + + + + = + + + =
(
( (


2 3 2
...)] [2( x x x + + + +
)
x
x

Letting
1
3
x = gives the answer 3.
26. BPlugging in, one can readily see that everything cancels but 2( 1) 1 2 1 n n + = + .
27. BLet
2 3 2 3 4
1 2 3 1 1 2 3
... and ...
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
S S = + + + = + + + Subtracting these quantities gives
2 3
4 1 1 1
...
5 5 5 5
S = + + + or (using the infinite geom. sum formula),
4 1/ 5
5 1 1/ 5 1
S S = =

5
6
.
28. CRewrite the series as
1 1 1 1 1 200
1 ... 1
3 3 5 5 201 201
+ + + = = .
29. DUsing the geometric sum formula, we get S =
22
(1 ) 1 i + and so
2
(1 ) 2 , i i + =
22 11 11
(1 ) (2 ) 1 2 1 2048 i i S i + = = = i i
30. DUsing the formula given, when n = 1,
2
3 x = and when n = 2,
3
5. x =

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