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Theory: Nglmn. NCL NGL NG

The document discusses several geometric propositions regarding angles and parallel lines: 1) If a line is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines, it is also perpendicular to the other (Proposition 13). 2) If one line is perpendicular to two other lines, the two lines are parallel (Proposition 14). 3) The opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel (Proposition 15) and equal (Proposition 16). 4) A line cutting parallel lines makes the alternate angles equal (Proposition 17).

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42 views1 page

Theory: Nglmn. NCL NGL NG

The document discusses several geometric propositions regarding angles and parallel lines: 1) If a line is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines, it is also perpendicular to the other (Proposition 13). 2) If one line is perpendicular to two other lines, the two lines are parallel (Proposition 14). 3) The opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel (Proposition 15) and equal (Proposition 16). 4) A line cutting parallel lines makes the alternate angles equal (Proposition 17).

Uploaded by

reacharunk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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L'68

THEORY OF ARCHITECTUKE.
Be 11
Fig. '^16.
vertical or ojiposite angles,
If tlie line CD
(fy.
245.) be perpendicular to the line AB, the angle CDA is a right
angle, and also the angle CDB.
Eor the line CD, meeting the line AB, forms
with it two angles, which are together (Prop.
1
0.
) equal to two right angles
; and these two
angles are equal, because CD is perpendicular
to A B. therefore each angle is a right angle.
887. Pkop. XII.
If
two lines cut each other,
the vertical or opposite angles are equal.
Eet the lines AD, BF, (f(/.-24fi.) cut e.ich
FIk.245.
oiher at the point C; the angles ACB, FCD, which are callei
are equal.
From the point C, as a centre, describe at pleasure a circumference NGLMN.
Since tlie line NCL is a diameter, the arc NGL is (Prop. 9
)
half the circumference
;
therefore the arcs NGL. GLM are equal. From these two arcs take away the coinmou
))art GL, there will reman the arc NG equal to the arc LM. Consequently the angles
ACB, FCD, wliicli are measurtd by these two arcs, are also equal.
888. Proi'. XIII.
Jf
a line he perpeiidicular to one
cf
two
parallel lines, it is also per-
pendicular to the other.
Let AB, CD
{fig.
247.) be two parallel lines- if the line FG makes right angles with
CD, it will also make right angles with AB.
a r n
Take at pleasure GC equal to GD; at the points C
and D
rftise the perpendiculars CA, DB, and draw the lines GA, GB.
In the two triangles ACG, BDG, because the line AB is pa-
rallel to the line CD, the perpendiculars CA, DB are necessarily
equal, as appears from the definition of parallel lines (Defin. 12.);
the lines CG, DG are equal by construction; and the angles
C and D are right angles. The two triangles ACG, BDG have
then two sides and the contained angle equal, they are therefore
p.
^^^
(Prop.
3.)
identical. Whence the side GA is equal to the side
GB, and the angle m equal to the angle n.
Again, in the triangles AGF, F"GB the side GA is equal to the side G B, as has been
proved, and the side GF is coinmon. IMoreover, the angle r is e(|ual to the angle s; for
if from the tv/o right angles F^GC, FGD be taken away the equal angles m and n, there
will remain the ecjual angles r and s. The triangles AGF, F"GB have then two sides and
the contained angle equal; they are therefore (Prop.
3.)
identical.
^
Wherefore the angles GFA, GFB are equal, and consequently
are right angles.
889. Prop. XIV.
If
one line he perpendicular to two other lines,
these two lines are parallel.
Let the line FG
(fig-
248.) make right angles with the lines
AB and CD ;
these two lines are parallel.
If the line AB be not parallel to the line CD, another line,
as NH, may be drawn througli the point F, parallel to the line
CD. But this is impossible; for if the line NH were parallel to the line CD, the line
FG making right angles with CD would also (Prop. 13.) make right angles with NH;
which cannot be, because, by supposition, it makes right angles with AB.
890. Prop. XV. The opposite sides
of
a rectangle are parallel.
.
;p
In the rectangle ABCD
(fig.
249.) the side BC is parallel to
the side AD, and the side AB parallel to the side DC. Produce
each of the sides both ways.
The line AB is perpendicular to the two lines BC, AD; the
two lines BC, AD are therefore (Prop.
14.)
parallel. In like
manner, the line AD is perpendicular to the two lines AB, DC;
the two lines AB, DC are therefore (Prop.
14.)
parallel.
"
j
;
"
891. Prop. XVI. The opposite sides
of
a rectangle are equal.
Fig. 219.
In the rectangle ABCD (see
fig.
249.) the side AB is equal
to the side DC, and the side BC etjual to the side AD. For, since the side BC is parallel
to the side AD, the perpendiculars AB, DC are (Detin.
12.) equal; and since the side
AB is parallel to the side DC, the perpendiculars BC, AD are equal.
892. Prop. XVII. A right line falling upon parallel lines makes tlie alternate angles
equal.
Let the line FG
(fg.
250.) cut the parallels AB, GD; the angles AFG, FGD, which
are called alternate angles, are equal. From the point G draw GL perpendicular to the
line AB, tmd from the point F draw FM perpendicular to the line GD.
Since the line GL is perpendicular to A B, it is also (Prop.
13.)
perpendicular to the
Fig. 248.

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