The DMS100 Switch Digital Multiplex System (DMS) is a line of telephone exchange switches

manufactured by Nortel Networks. It was designed during the 1970s and released in 1979 and
cancontrol100,000telephonelines.

The purpose of the DMS100 Switch is to provide local service and connections to the PSTN
public telephone network. It is designed to deliver services over subscribers' telephone lines and
trunks.Itprovides:
PlainOldTelephoneService(POTS)[ServiciotelefnicoOrdinarioAntiguo],
mobilitymanagementforcellularphonesystems,
sophisticatedbusinessservicessuchas:
AutomaticCallDistribution(ACD),
IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork(ISDN),
Meridian Digital Centrex (MDC), formerly called Integrated Business Network
(IBN).
It also provides Intelligent Network functions (AIN, CS1R, ETSI INAP). It is used in countries
throughout the world. Much of the hardware used in the DMS100, with the possible exception of
theLineCards,isusedinothermembersoftheDMSfamily,includingtheDMS200Tollswitch.

Hardware:
All power distribution is at 48 VDC (nominal), from which DC to DC converters on every shelf
provideothernecessaryvoltages.

TheCentralControlComplex(CCC)comprises:
CentralProcessingUnit(CPU).
The CPU contains two identical 16bit processors running in hot standby mode. The
original CPU core was referred to as the NT40 CPU and was implemented in
approximately 250 discrete logic devices across several circuit boards running at 36
MHz.TheNT40coreconsistedmainlyofthe:
NT1X44 stack card, which provides some register and stack functions of the
processor,
NT1X45whichcontainedthearithmeticandlogicfunctions,
NT1X46 which provides more registers and the loadroute readonly memory
(ROM)
NT1X47 timing and control card which provides the microcycle source and
microstore decoding functions of the processor. The NT1X47 card also contained
the 2digit hexadecimal display to indicate test result codes and the condition of
thecoreandwoulddisplaythecode'A1'inanormalerrorfreestate.
NT1X48 processor maintenance card contained a thumbwheel on the faceplate to
enablevariousdiagnostictestsoftheCPU.
A later modification of these same five circuit boards with faster pincompatible discrete
logic devices enabled the CPU to operate at 40 MHz allowing central offices to improve
call throughput capacity by 10 percent.[3] When the CPU is configured in dual hot
standby mode, a Mate Exchange Bus (MEB) between the two CPU's enables the state of
one CPU to be continuously compared to that of the other CPU on a cycle by cycle basis.
Any discrepancy between the two CPU's results in maintenance circuitry determining
whichCPUisatfaultandactivitytochangetothesaneCPU.
A Program Store is dedicated to each CPU and is a memory for the program instructions
required by that CPU for processing calls, maintenance and for administrative tasks. The
PS associated with the other CPU contains identical program instructions. A Data Store
is dedicated with each CPU and contains dynamic information on a percall basis, as
well as customer data and officespecific settings. The other CPU is also associated with
its own DS containing duplicate data. The Central Message Controller controls the flow of
messages between the other units of the CCC and prioritizes them for the Network
Message Controller (NMC) in the various Network Modules (NM), or the Input/Output
Controller (IOC). Both CPU's have access to either CMC which share the message load
to the Line Modules or peripherals.[4] The original NT40 based CCC was replaced by the
compatibleDMSSuperNodein1987.
ProgramStore(PS),
DataStore(DS)
CentralMessageController(CMC).

The DMS SuperNode Computing Module was first based on the Motorola 68020 Central
Processing Unit (CPU) and then upgraded to the Motorola 68030. In the early 1990s it was
further upgraded to use the Motorola 88100 and 88110 Reduced Instruction Set Computing
(RISC) CPU's. This RISC version of the SuperNode Computing Module was known as the
BRISC (BNR Reduced Instruction Set Computing) CPU. With the BRISC CPU the DMS
SuperNode had a processing capacity of 1,500,000 call attempts per hour.[5] DMS SuperNode
featured increased processing capacity across a distributed architecture allowing for the
development of new features and services. Each of the elements of the DMS SuperNode uses a
common SuperNode CPU hardware design differing only in the software used to control them.
TheSuperNodeconsistsoftwomainelements:DMSCoreandDMSBus.

DMS Core provides the main computing facility and is made up of the Compute Module, System
Load Module and a Message Controller. The Compute Module contains redundant SuperNode
CPU's to handle call processing and maintenance functions and, like the NT40 core, can operate
in a synchronized mode with its mate. The System Load Module contains all the necessary
software for every element of the DMS switch and also provides file system and data storage
functions on magnetic tape and hard disk. The Message Controller provides communications
linksbetweentheDMSCoreandtheDMSBus.
DMS Bus is used to interconnect the DMS Core, the switching network and the Input/Output
controller (IOC) and manage message flows between these units and consists of redundant
Message Switches. The Message Switches of the DMS Bus operate in a loadsharing mode and
one of them provides the main clock source for the DMS100 system while the others are
synchronizedtoit.MessagesbetweenallSuperNodeunitsarecarriedbyopticalDS512links.
The operating system used by both generations of the DMS100 switch was called Support
Operating System (SOS) and was written in a high level language called PROTEL which stood
forPRocedureOrientedTypeEnforcingLanguagedevelopedatBellNorthernResearch(BNR).
Hardware and maintenance are administered locally through cathoderay terminals, through a
multilevel menu system called MAPCI. There are various methods used to access the DMS
remotely as well, including modem and telnet. Backups and other hard drive work are
administeredthroughaDISKUTcommandlineprogram.

LineModule.
Analog lines are terminated on individual line cards, each with its own codec, in pullout Line
Drawers in frames. The original design of such frames was called the Line Module (LM) with 32
lines per drawer. LMs were not able to send callerid information (CLASS services) and became
rare late in the century, having been supplemented or replaced by the newer Line Concentrating
Module (LCM). Duplicated ringing generators serve each LM or pair of LCM. For DC testing,
eachlinecardhasarelaytoconnectittoatestbus.

LineConcentratingModule.
LCM have smaller line cards, serving 64 lines per drawer of the same size as in the LM. An LCM
require only half the space as an LM for the same number of lines. The majority of line cards are
NT6X17, with three relays for loop start lines. Others include NT6X18 which have four or more
relays and a slide switch for ground start lines (a newer version of the NT6X18 has eliminated
the ground switch). The NT6X18 also has the ability to provide current reversal required for some
coin phones and business systems. The NT6X17BA and the NT6X18BA is known as the world
line card and is software configurable to more than 15 million functional settings to meet almost
anysignallingandtransmissionrequirementinanymarket.
NT6X19 line card allows the use of older style, neon messagewaiting lamps, this feature also
requires an addition card per drawer that supplies the voltage. Type NT6X21 cards serve Psets
(Meridian Business Sets), a special analogue telephone with a proprietary Nortel data link
operating at 8 kHz to provide advanced call handling services. For example, a telephone number
may appear on multiple Psets even though each such telephone has only one pair of wires,
thus providing a simpler replacement for key telephone systems. NTBX27 cards serve Basic
Rate ISDN lines. LCM's are served by a Line Group Controller (LGC) and communicate over
DS30 connections to NT6X48AA interface cards on the LGC. The number of LCMs per LGC
dependsontraffic:34LCMperLGCbutasfewastwowheretrafficisheavy.

RemoteClusterController
Remote offices, anywhere from a kilometre to 100 km from the host, can be served by a Remote
Line control Module (RLCM),Remote Switching Centre (RSC) a later vintage is known as
RCC2. They use T1 links to the host LGC. Rcc's/Rcc2's work like LGC's in controlling LCMs.
Large remotes may have 2+ Rcc/Rcc2's and they can be equipped with links between the Rcc's
Interlinks so calls within the remote do not tie up host links. The Rcc's/ Rcc2 are usually
equipped so they will provide calling within the remote office if the host links fail this feature is
calledESAEmergencyStandAlone.

RemoteUnits
Another type of remote office is known as Remote Carrier Urban (RCU). Such units typically
reside on the side of a road in a large box, approx 3 meters across, almost 2 meters high and
almost a meter through. In the 1980s many telcos installed an early version of these instead of
pulling more cable into a remote area. They were much cheaper and could provide up to approx
500 lines. Back then they needed two 'boxes' to work a host box called a Central Terminal (CT)
that had the dial tone lines wired into it and a remote box called a Remote terminal (RT) where
the dial tone 'came out'. They used 26 T1 links on copper i.e. LD1 or fiber. As Telcos
modernized, these same remote boxes were reconfigured to work directly from a SMU
peripheralatthehostDMS.TypicallyeachSMUcanhandle36RCUs.

TrunkModules
Transmitters, receivers and other service circuits are in Trunk Module (TM) and Miscellaneous
Trunk Module (MTM) shelves. Trunks are on DTC (Digital Trunk Controller) or DTCI (Digital
Trunk Controller ISDN) or PDTC (PCM30 Digital Trunk Controller) shelves, usually two T1 lines
per card, ten cards per DTC for a total of 480 ds0 voice channels. At the turn of the century
many original NT6X50AA cards were still in service that cannot perform Tcarrier extended
superframe signaling, this can be performed with a plugin replacement NT6X50AB card, used
for services such as PBX ISDN T1s. Trunks can also be provisioned on SPM (Spectrum
PeripheralModule)capableofhandling2016DS0s,nearly4.2xmorethantheDTC.

LineControllers
Internal connections to the time switch (network) are on 2.56 Mbit/s (DS30) Speech Links, each
carrying thirty channels plus synchronization and data channels, on four wires plus a ground
wire. Connections to the network are handled by the NT6X40AA DS30 interface card on an LGC
or LTC and these link may also be DS512 optical interfaces. Using the NT6X44AA time switch
card, LGC's and LTC's internally map channels on the NT6X48AA DS30 & NT6X50AA/AB DS1
interface links to available channels on NT6X40AA DS30 or NT6X40FA DS512 interfaces out to
the network. European PDTCs were complemented by the DTCOI2 and DTCO2. The DTCOI2
was designed to run PRI and DPNSS services as per existing PDTCOI and MSB7 peripherals.
TheDTCO2wasdesignedtocarryCASandSS7asperexistingPDTCOperipheral.
Time Division switching is performed in ENet, similar to the Communication Module of 5ESS
switch or the Switching Network of EWSD or the Group Switch of AXE telephone exchange.
There are also DMS200 and DMS250 variants for tandem switches. The successor to the
DMS100 is the Communication Server 2000 (CS2K), which shares many components and
software with the DMS. The significant difference is the addition of VOIP technology into the
CS2K.[8] In 2006 Nortel introduced the Communication Server 1500 (CS 1500) Softswitch
based on VOIP to modernize the DMS based telephone switches. A CS 1500 softswitch system
can replace all the DMS component modules except for the LCM's, reducing the footprint of a
DMS100 to one 19" rack and allowing operators to reduce cooling and power requirements
significantly.

Referencia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMS100
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Multiplex_System