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Lect 1 Introduction

1. Biotechnology can be defined as the application of biological organisms, systems, or processes to develop commercial products. It draws upon various fields including chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, bioinformatics, and information technology. 2. There are four main branches of biotechnology: blue, green, red, and white. Blue involves marine/aquatic applications. Green involves agricultural applications. Red involves medical applications. White involves industrial applications. 3. Science is the search for knowledge about the physical world through the scientific method and discovery. Technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge through problem solving approaches to control the physical world. Advances in one field often lead to discoveries in the other.

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Sathiswaran Selvam
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51 views

Lect 1 Introduction

1. Biotechnology can be defined as the application of biological organisms, systems, or processes to develop commercial products. It draws upon various fields including chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, bioinformatics, and information technology. 2. There are four main branches of biotechnology: blue, green, red, and white. Blue involves marine/aquatic applications. Green involves agricultural applications. Red involves medical applications. White involves industrial applications. 3. Science is the search for knowledge about the physical world through the scientific method and discovery. Technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge through problem solving approaches to control the physical world. Advances in one field often lead to discoveries in the other.

Uploaded by

Sathiswaran Selvam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

BIOTECHNOLOGYFORENGINEERS
(EKC271)
INSULINCRYSTALS
A rose plant that
began as cells grown in
a tissue culture
DNA microchip Some
can do as many as a
million blood tests at once
Computergenerated image of
insulin hexamers highlighting the
threefold symmetry, the zinc ions
holding it together, and the
histidine residues involved in zinc
binding.
The bacterium E. coli is routinely
genetically engineered.
Gene therapy using an Adenovirus vector. A new gene is inserted into an adenovirus vector, which is used
to introduce the modified DNA into a human cell. If the treatment is successful, the new gene will make a
functional protein.
CourseOutcome
Studentswillbeableto:
Discusstheimportanceofcellsanditsrelationtocellmetabolicpathways.
Applybiochemicalengineeringprinciplesofmicrobialkineticsinbatch,
fedbatchandcontinuoussystems.
Applythetechniquesofsterilizationofbiologicalreactors
Solvecalculationproblembasedonenzymekineticsinbiochemical
reactions
Interpretscientificpapersrelatedtobiotechnology
OutcomeofLecture1
AbletodefineBiotechnology
Abletodifferentiatedifferenttypesof
biotechnology
Definition
BiotechnologyisdefinedbytheAmericanChemicalSocietyasthe
applicationofbiologicalorganisms,systems,orprocessesby
variousindustriestolearningaboutthescienceoflifeandthe
improvementofthevalueofmaterialsandorganismssuchas
pharmaceuticals,crops,andlivestock.
Inotherwords,biotechnologycanbedefinedasthemere
applicationoftechnicaladvancesinlifesciencetodevelop
commercialproducts.
Andinmanyinstancesitisalsodependentonknowledgeand
methodsfromoutsidethesphereofbiologyincluding:
Chemicalengineering
Bioprocessengineering
Bioinformatics
anewbrandofinformationtechnology,andbiorobotics.
BiotechnologyTools
BranchesofBiotechnology
Blue biotechnology:Marineandaquaticapplicationsof
biotechnology
Greenbiotechnology:Agriculturalapplications
Red biotechnology:Medicalapplications
Whitebiotechnology:Industrialapplications
(Assignment:Writeshortnotesonthedifferentbranchesof
Biotechnology giveoneapplicationandimpactithasonsociety.
Maximum4pagestyped,Fontsize12,space1.5)
Whatistherelationshipbetweenscience
andtechnology?(adaptedfromKreuzerandMassey,2005)
Science
Searchforknowledgeabout
ourselvesandthephysical
world
Process:scientificmethod;
lookingforpatternsinthe
physicalworld;evaluatedby
howwellfactssupport
conclusions;limitedbyability
tocollectevidence
Discoveriesgiveriseto
technologicaladvances
Technology
Practicalapplicationof
knowledge;adapting
ourselvestophysicalworld
Process:findingsolutionsto
problems;trytocontrol
physicalworld;evaluateby
howwellitworks;limitedby
costsandavailable
technology
Advancesgiveriseto
scientificdiscoveries
Cell culture Cell culture
Enzymatic
Feedstock Bioprocessing Product
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
PRODUCT
LINES
Biocatalyst Bioreactor
Recovery
product
Feedstock Bioprocessing
Gas
Syn. Gas
CO
2
Organic vapor
Liquid
Organic
Sugar solution
Solid
Biomass
Consumer Waste
Immobilized Enzymes
Ambient to Extreme
Fermentation
Immobilized
Free cell
Ambient to Extreme
Bioreactors
Continuous Systems
Membrane
Batch or Fed-batch
Separation
In situ
Secondary
Media
Gaseous
Aqueous
Organic
Pharmaceuticals
Fine chemicals
Specialty Chemicals
Feedstock
Bulk chemicals
General Bioprocess
Product
9
Agricultural
byproducts
sugars
Biochemicals
Foodingredients
Pharmaceuticals
Finechemicals
Biomaterials
Polylacticacid
Biofuels
Ethanol
Hydrogen
Bulkchemicals
(highvolumelowvalue)
Finechemicals
(lowvolumehighvalue)
Chemophysical
treatmentand/or
enzymes
Biocatalysis (microorganism)
THE INDUSTRIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY CHAIN
10
THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
ON THE ENVIRONMENT
INCREASEDPROCESS
EFFICIENCY
RENEWABLE
FEEDSTOCK
REDUCTIONOF:
Greenhousegasemissions
Emissionstowater
Emissionstoair
Resourceusage

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