Reflectometric Interference Spectros

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Reflectometric interference spectroscopy

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Reflectometric interference spectroscopy
Reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) is a physical method based on the interference of white light at
thin films, which is used to investigate molecular interaction.
Principle
The underlying measuring principle corresponds to that of the Michelson interferometer.
Realization
Left: Diagram of the path of rays in the case of multiple reflection at the boundary layers.
Right: Diagram of the resulting interference spectrum
White light is directed vertically onto a
multiple-layer system of a SiO
2
, a
high-refractive Ta
2
O
5
and an
additional SiO
2
layer (this additional
layer can be chemically modified). The
partial beams of the white light are
reflected at each phase boundary and
then refracted (transmitted). These
reflected partial beams superimpose
which results in an interference
spectrum that is detected using a diode
array spectrometer.
Through chemical modification the
upper SiO
2
layer is changed in a way
to allow interaction with target
molecules. This interaction causes a
change in the thickness of the physical
layer d and the refractive index n
within this layer. The product of both
defines the optical thickness of the
layer: n d.
A change in the optical thickness results in a modulation of the interference spectrum. Monitoring this change over
time allows to observe the binding behaviour of the target molecules.
Reflectometric interference spectroscopy
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Application
Diagram of a binding curve
RIfS is used especially as a detection
method in chemo- and biosensors.
Chemosensors are particularly suitable
for measurements under difficult
conditions and in the gaseous phase.
As sensitive layers, mostly
non-selective measuring polymers are
used which sort the analytes according
to size (the so-called molecular sieve
effect when using microporous
polymers) or according to polarity (e.g.
functionalized polydimethylsiloxanes).
When performing non-selective measurements, a sum signal from several analytes is measured which means that
multivariate data analyses such as neural networks have to be used for quantification. However, it is also possible to
use selectively measuring polymers, so-called molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) which provide artificial
recognition elements.
When using biosensors, polymers such as polyethylene glycols or dextrans are applied onto the layer system, and on
these recognition elements for biomolecules are immobilized. Basically, any molecule can be used as recognition
element (proteins such as antibodies, DNA/RNA such as aptamers, small organic molecules such as estrone, but also
lipids such as phospholipid membranes).
RIfS, like SPR is a label-free technique, which allows the time-resolved observation of interaction among the
binding partners without the use of fluorescence or radioactive labels.
Literature
G. Gauglitz, A. Brecht, G. Kraus and W. Nahm. Sensor. Actuat. B-Chem. 11, 1993
A. Jung. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 372 1, 2002
F. Gesellchen, B. Zimmermann, F. W. Herberg. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2005
T. Nagel, E. Ehrentreich-Forster, M. Singh, et al. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical 129 2, 2008
P. Fechner, F. Prll, M. Carlquist and G. Proll. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. Nov 1, 2008
External links
Barolo.ipc.uni-tuebingen.de
[1]
References
[1] http:/ / barolo. ipc. uni-tuebingen. de/ markierungsfrei.php?lang=en& show=10
Article Sources and Contributors
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Article Sources and Contributors
Reflectometric interference spectroscopy Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=403288854 Contributors: Atropa2009, Fram, Kkmurray, Malcolma
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:RIfS Prinzip eng PF.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:RIfS_Prinzip_eng_PF.png License: Public Domain Contributors: Dragonroost
File:RIfS Bdg eng PF.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:RIfS_Bdg_eng_PF.png License: Public Domain Contributors: Dragonroost
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

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