T.I.M.E.

Amritsar
Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes (A to C)
Root word Meanings Examples and Definitions
a/n not, without abyss without bottom; achromatic without color; anhydrous without water
a on afire on fire; ashore on the shore; aside on the side
ab/s, a from, away, off abduct carry away by force; abnormal away from normal, not normal; absent away, not
present; aversion the act of turning away from; abbreviate: to shorten.
ac, ad to, toward,
near
accelerate to increase the speed of; accessible easily entered, approached, or obtained;
admittance allowing into;
acro top, height, tip,
beginning
acrobat a high walker; acronym a word formed from the first (capital) letters of a word;
acrophobia fear of height
act do activity something that a person does; react to do something in response; interaction
communication between two or more things
aer/o air aerate to let air reach something; aerial relating to the air; aerospace the air space
agr/i/o farming agriculture management of the land, agribusiness making money by utilizing land;
agrarian relating to the management of land
alg/o pain neuralgia pain caused by a nerve; analgesic a drug that makes one pain free; nostalgia
aching for the familiar
ambi, amphi both, on both
sides, around
ambidextrous able to use both hands equally; ambiguous having more than one meaning;
ambivalence conflicting or opposite feelings toward a person or thing
ambul walk, move amble to walk in a slow, relaxed way; ambulant walking or moving around; ambulance a
vehicle that moves a patient
ami/o love amiable friendly, pleasant, lovable; amity friendly and peaceful relations; amorous
showing romantic love
ana up, back,
against,
again,
throughout
analysis a close examination of something; anatomy the structure of something as visible
when cut up for analysis; anachronism not being in the right place in time
andr/o man, male androgynous being both male and female; android resembling a human; misandry
hatred towards men
anim life, spirit animal a living organism; animate to make alive; equanimity of balanced spirit
ann/enn year anniversary a date observed once a year; annual happening once a year; millennium
1,000 years
ante before, in front antecede to come before something in time; antemeridian before noon; anteroom- a small
room before the main room
anth/o flower chrysanthemum and amaranth names of flowers; anthology a collection of treasured
writings; anthozoan half plant, half animal, like anemones and corals.
anthrop/o human anthropology the study of mankind; anthropomorphism giving human form to non-human
things; philanthropy the love to mankind (expressed through good deeds)
anti against,
opposite of
antibody a substance that destroys micro-organisms; antiseptic preventing infection;
antisocial opposing social norm
apo, apho away, off,
separate
aphorism a short expression of a general truth; apology an explicit expression of regret,
apostrophe a small dash used in place of an omitted letter
aqu/a water aquarium a water container for fish; aquatic- relating to water; aqueduct a pipeline for
water
arbor tree arborist someone working with trees; arbor a shady area formed by trees; arborous
having many trees
arch/i chief, most
important, rule
archbishop the highest ranking bishop; archenemy chief or worst enemy; matriarch a
female who rules a group; monarch a king or queen
arch/a/i primitive,
ancient
archaeology the study of ancient cultures; archaic belonging to an earlier period; archive
a collection of historical materials
arthr/o joint arthroscope a tool to see inside a joint; arthritis inflammation of a joint; arthropod
invertebrates with jointed legs, like spiders, crustaceans, insects
art skill artifact object made by a persons skill; artisan a person skilled in a craft; artist a person
who creates skillfully
astro,
aster
star, stars,
outer space
astronaut a person traveling to the stars; astronomer someone who studies the stars;
asterisk a star-shaped sign used as a reference tool
aud/i/io hear audible loud enough to be heard; audience people who listen to a program; audiovisual
relating to sound and vision
auto self, same, one autocrat a person who governs with absolute power; autograph a persons own signature;
automatic moving by itself
avi/a bird aviary a large enclosure for birds; aviatrix a female airplane pilot; aviation the art of
designing or operating aircraft
bar/o pressure,
weight
baric pertaining to pressure, esp. of the atmosphere; milliard metric unit, equal to
1/1000th of a bar; baryon heavy elementary particle
bell/i war bellicose warlike; belligerent hostile, ready to fight; rebel person who opposes and fights
bene good, well benefactor person who gives money to a cause; beneficial producing a good effect;
benevolent showing kindness or goodwill
bi/n two, twice,
once in every
two
biannual happening twice a year; binoculars optical device with two lenses; bilateral of or
involving two sides
bibli/o book bibliography a list of books used as sources; bibliomania an extreme love of books;
bibliophile a person who loves books
bio life, living
matter
biography- a life story written by another person; biology the science of life; biosphere
Earths surface inhabited by living things
blast/o cell, primitive,
immature cell
blastula an early stage of embryonic development; fibroblast a cell that forms connective
tissue; blastoderm the layer surrounding the inside of an egg
capt, cept,
ceive
take, hold intercept to stop or interrupt;
perceive to take notice of something; captivating taking hold of
cardi/o heart cardiac relating to the heart; cardiogenic resulting from heart disease; cardiologist a
heart doctor
carn/i flesh, meat carnivorous flesh-eating; carnal pertaining to the body or flesh; incarnate given bodily
form
cata down, against
completely,
intensive,
according to
cataclysm a flood or other disaster, catalog a complete listing; catastrophe turning for
the worst, a substantial disaster
caust,
caut
to burn cauterize to burn with a hot instrument; caustic capable of burning or eating away;
holocaust total devastation, especially by fire
cede,
ceed,
cess
go, yield exceed to go beyond the limits; recede to go back; accessible easily entered,
approached, or obtained;
celer fast accelerate to increase the speed of; decelerate to reduce the speed of
cent/i hundred,
hundredth
centennial- the 100th anniversary; centimeter 1/100 of a meter; century 100 years
centr/o/i center egocentric self-centered; eccentric not having a common center, not according to norm;
centrifugal moving outward from a center
cephal/o head encephalitis inflammation of the brain; cephalic pertaining to the head; cephalopod
marine mollusks like octopus and squid who have tentacles growing from their head
cerebr/o brain cerebral pertaining to the brain; cerebrate to use the brain; cerebrospinal pertaining to
the brain and the spinal cord
cert sure ascertain- to find out something with certainty; certain being absolutely sure; certify to
state that something is true
chrom/o
chromat/o,
chros
color, pigment achromatic without color; chromium a blue-white metallic chemical element, chromatics
the study of color
chron/o time chronic lasting for a long time; chronological arranging events in time order, synchronize
happening at the same time
chrys/o gold, yellow chrysanthemum and helichrysum golden/yellow flowers; chrysolite a yellowish gem
cide, cise cut, kill homicide murder; incisor a sharp tooth for cutting food; insecticide a chemical used to
kill insects
circum,
circle
around, about circumnavigate to sail around; circumscribe to draw around; circumspect looking around
claim, clam shout, speak
out
clamor to shout and make noise; exclaim to cry out loudly and suddenly; proclamation
something announced officially in public
clar clear clarification an explanation; clarify to make something clear; declare to state something
clearly
clud, clus close conclusion the end or last part; exclusion shutting out, rejecting; seclude to keep away
from; to isolate
cline lean inclination a leaning toward; incline a surface that slopes or leans; recline to lean back
and relax
co with, together,
joint
coauthor writer who collaborates with another author; coeducation educating males and
females together; cohousing planning your neighborhood in an intentional neighborly fashion
col together,
jointly
Collaborate to work together; collision smashing together; colloquial words formed by
everday interaction
com together,
common
commemorate to memorize together; composition an arrangement or putting together of
parts; commune living together while owning things in common
cogn/i know cognition process of acquiring knowledge; incognito disguised so no one knows you;
recognize to discover that one knows
con with, jointly concur to agree with someone; contemporary of the same time period as others;
convention a gathering of people with a common interest
contra/o against,
opposite
contradict to argue against, Contraflow, contraception, contrary not in agreement, controversy
disagreement
corp/o body corporation a company recognized by law as a single body; corpse a dead body; corporal
pertaining to the body
cosm/o universe cosmonaut a Russian astronaut; cosmos the universe; microcosm a miniature universe
counter opposite,
contrary,
opposing
counteract to oppose the effects of an action; countermand to cancel a previous order;
counteroffensive attack against an attack
cranio skull craniology the study of skull characteristics; cranium skull of vertebrates; cranial
pertaining to the skull
cred believe credence belief that something is true or valid; credulous believing things too easily,
gullible; incredible unbelievable
crypto hidden, secret cryptic of hidden meaning; cryptography science of secret codes; encrypt encode into
secret code
cumul mass, heap accumulate to gather or pile up; cumulative gradually building up
cycl circle, ring bicycle a vehicle with two wheels; cycle a sequence that is repeated; cyclone a storm
with circling winds


T.I.M.E. Amritsar
Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes (D to H)
de reduce, away,
down, remove
decelerate to slow down, reduce speed; dethrone to remove from power; debug to
remove bugs
dec/a,
deka
ten decade 10 years; decathlon athletic contest that includes 10 disciplines in which each
participant competes; December formerly the 10th month of the Roman calendar
deci one tenth deciliter a tenth of a liter; decimate reduce dramatically; decibel one tenth of the
sound volume unit bel
dem/o people democracy government of the people; demographic the study of people; epidemic
spreading among people in a region
demi half, less than demitasse a small cup of coffee; demimonde someone of little respected life style
dendr/o/i tree philodendron a climbing plant that grows on trees; dendrochronology dating events by
studying growth rings in trees; dendriform in the shape of a tree
dent, dont tooth dental relating to teeth; dentist a doctor for the teeth; dentures a set of false teeth
derm/a skin dermatologist a doctor for the skin; pachyderm a class of animals with very thick skin
(elephant, rhinoceros); dermatitis inflammation of the skin
di/plo two, twice dichromatic displaying two colors; diploma a certificate, literally a letter folded
double; dilemma a situation that requires a choice between two alternatives.
di/s apart, away,
not, to the
opposite
digression a departure from the main issue, subject; disappear to move out of sight;
dissect to cut apart piece by piece.
dia through,
between,
apart, across
diabetes disease characterized by excessive thirst and discharge of urine; diagnosis
understanding a condition by going through a detailed review of symptoms; dialog
conversation between two people.
dict speak contradict to express the opposite of; prediction a statement foretelling the future;
dictate to speak out loud for another person to write down.
domin master dominate to be the master of; domineering excessively controlling; predominate to
have more power than others
don/at give donation a contribution or gift; donor someone who gives something; pardon to give
forgiveness for an offense
duc/t lead conduct to lead musicians in playing music; educate to lead to knowledge; deduction
a subtraction of an amount.
du/o two, twice duplicate make an identical copy; duet a musical composition for two voices or
instruments; duo a pair normally thought of as being together.
dur harden, to
last, lasting
durable having the quality of lasting; duration the length of time something lasts;
enduring able to last.
dyn/a/am power,
energy,
strength
dynamo a generator of energy; dynamic having physical energy/power; dynamite a
powerful explosive.
dys abnormal, bad dyspepsia abnormal indigestion; dystopia an imaginary place of total misery; dyslexia
impairment of the ability to handle words.
e- out, away eloquent speaking beautifully and forcefully; emissary a representative of a country or
group sent on a mission; eject throw out forcefully.

ego self egoistic self-centered; alter ego a higher aspect of oneself; egomania excessive
preoccupation with oneself.
em, en into, cover
with, cause
empathy intention to feel like another person; empower put into power; engorge
make larger.
endo within, inside endotherm a creature that can keep its inside temperature fairly constant; endocrine
relating to glands that secrete directly into the blood or lymph; endogamy the custom to
marry within ones clan, tribe etc.
enn/i, anni years bicentennial of or relating to an age or period of 200 years; centennial of or relating to
an age or period of 100 years; perennial -lasting through many years.
en, in inside, inwards envision to picture in the mind; enclose lock inside; inwards towards the inside.
ep/i on, upon,
over,
among, at,
after,
to, outside
epidemic the rapid spread of something negative; epilogue a short speech delivered
after a play; epicenter the center of an earthquake.
equ/i equal, equally equidistant - an equal distance from two points; equanimity calm temperament,
evenness of temper; equation a statement of equality.
erg/o work ergonomics study of the working environment; energy the power to accomplish work;
energetics science that looks at energy and its transformation.
esth/aesth feeling,
sensation,
beauty
esthetician someone who beautifies; aesthetic pertaining to a sense of beauty;
kinesthesia the sensation of bodily movement.
ethno race, people ethnic pertaining to a defined group of people; ethnocentric focusing on the ethnicity of
people; ethnology the science of people and races.
eu good, well euphemism replacing an offensive word with an inoffensive one; euphonious having a
pleasant sound; euphoria feeling of well-being.
ex from, out, excavate to dig out; exhale to breathe out; extract to pull out.
extra, extro outside,
beyond
extraordinary beyond ordinary; extraterrestrial outside the Earth; extrovert an
outgoing person.
fac/t make, do artifact an object made by a person; factory a place where things are made; malefact
a person who does wrong.
fer bear, bring,
carry
confer to bring an honor to someone; ferry a boat that carries passengers; transfer to
move to another place.
fid faith confide place trust in someone, fidelity faithfulness; fiduciary a trustee;
flect bend deflect to bend course because of hitting something; inflection a bending in the voices
tone or pitch; flexible easily bending.
flor/a,
fleur
flower florist someone working with flowers; floral flowerlike; flora the plant life of a
particular time or area
for completely
(used to
intensify
the meaning
of a word)
forsaken or forfeited completely lost; forgiven completely given (a release of debt).
fore in front of,
previous,
earlier
forebear ancestor; forebode to give an advance warning of something bad; forecast a
preview of events to be.
fract, frag break fracture a break; fragile easy to break; fragment or fraction a part or element of a
larger whole;
fug flee, run away,
escape
fugitive a person who is running away; refuge a sheltered place to flee to; refugee a
person seeking protection
funct perform, work defunct no longer working or alive; function to work or perform a role normally;
malfunction to fail to work correctly.
fus pour confusion being flooded with too much information that is hard to make sense of; fuse
to melt by heating; infuse to put into.
gastr/o stomach gastric pertaining to the stomach; gastronomy serving the stomach by providing good
food; gastritis inflammation of the stomach.
gen/o/e/
genesis
birth,
production,
formation,
kind
genealogy the study of the history of a family; generation all the people born at
approximately the same time; genetic -relating to heredity encoded in the genes.
geo earth, soil,
global
geography study of the earths surface; geology study of the structure of the earth;
geoponics soil based agriculture.
ger old age geriatrics medicine pertaining to the elderly; gerontocracy the rule of the elders;
gerontology the science of aging.
giga a billion gigabyte unit of computer storage space; gigahertz unit of frequency (one billion
Hz/sec); gigawatt unit of electric power (one billion watts).
gon angle decagon a polygon with 10 angles; diagonal a slanting line running across a space;
octagon a geometrical figure with 8 angles.
gram letter, written diagram a simple drawing; grammar rules of how to write words in sentences; telegram
a message sent by telegraph.
graph/y writing,
recording,
written
Graphology the study of handwritings; autograph written with ones own hand;
seismograph a machine noting strength and duration of earthquakes.
grat pleasing gratify to please someone; grateful feeling thankful; gratuity a tip, token of
appreciation.
gyn/o/e woman,
female
gynecology the science of female reproductive health; gynephobia fear of women;
gynecoid resembling a woman.
gress,
grad/e/i
to step, to go digression a departure from the main issue, subject, etc.; progress movement forward
or onward; gradual step by step.
hect/o, hecat hundred hectoliter 100 liters; hectare metric unit equaling 100 ares or 10,000 square meters;
hectometer 100 meters.
helic/o spiral, circular helicopter an aircraft with horizontal rotating wing; helix a spiral form; helicon a
circular tuba.
heli/o sun heliotropism movement or growth in relating to the sun; heliograph apparatus used to
send message with the help of sunlight; helianthus genus of plants including sunflowers.
hemi half, partial hemicycle a semicircular structure; hemisphere one half of the earth; hemistich half a
line of poetry.
hem/o/a blood hemorrhage clotting of the blood; hemorrhoids swelling of the blood vessels;
hemoglobin red blood particle.
hepa liver hepatitis inflammation of the liver; hepatoma a tumor of the liver; hepatotoxic toxic
and damaging to the liver.
hept/a seven heptagon a shape with seven angles and seven sides; Heptateuch the first seven books
of the Old Testament; heptameter a line of verse consisting of seven metrical feet.
herbi grass, plant herbicide any chemical used to kill unwanted plants, etc.; herbivorous plant-eating;
herbal relating to plants.
hetero different,
other
heterogeneous made up of unrelated parts; heteronyms words with same spelling but
different meanings; heterodox not conforming to traditional beliefs.
hex/a six hexagon a shape with six angles/sides; hexameter a verse measured in six; hexapod
having six legs.
histo tissue histology study of the microscopic structure of tissues; histochemistry study of the
chemical constitution of cells and tissues.
homo,
homeo
like, alike,
same
homogeneous of the same nature or kind; homonym sounding alike; homeopath a
therapy that is based on treating same with same
hydr/o liquid, water hydrate to add water to; hydrophobia intense fear of water; hydroponics growing
plants in liquid nutrient solution; hydraulic operated by force created by a liquid.
hygr/o moisture,
humidity
hygrometer tool used to measure humidity; hygrograph instrument for recording
variations in atmospheric humidity.
hyper too much,
over,
excessive,
beyond
hyperactive very restless; hypercritical too critical; hypertension above normal
pressure.
hyp/o under hypoglycemia an abnormally low level of sugar in the blood; hypothermia abnormally
low body temperature; hypothesis a theory that is unproven but used under the
assumption that it is true.


T.I.M.E. Amritsar
Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes (I to M)
iatr/o medical care geriatrics medical care of the elderly; pediatrician a doctor who treats children; podiatry
medical care for feet.
icon/o image icon an (often religious) image, in modern usage a simplified graphic of high symbolic
content; iconology science of symbols and icons; iconoclast someone who destroys
religious images and traditional beliefs.
idio peculiar,
personal,
distinct
idiomatic Peculiar to a particular language; idiosyncracy a physical or mental
characteristic typical or a particular person; idiot someone who is distinctly foolish or
stupid.
il, in in, into illuminate to give light to; innovation a new idea, method, or device; inspection the
act of examining or reviewing.
ig, il, im,
in, ir
not, without illegal not legal; impossible not possible; inappropriate not appropriate; irresponsible
not responsible.
imag likeness image a likeness of someone; imaginative able to think up new ideas or images;
imagine to form a picture or likeness in the mind.
infra beneath,
below
infrastructure underlying framework of a system; infrared below the regular light
spectrum.
inter between,
among, jointly
international involving two or more countries; intersection place where roads come
together; intercept to stop or interrupt the course of.
intra,
intro
within, inside intrastate existing in one state; intravenous inside or into a vein; introvert shy person
who keeps within him/herself.
ir not irredeemable not redeemable; irreformable not reformable; irrational not rational.
iso equal isobar a line on a map connecting points of equal barometric pressure; isometric having
equality of measure; isothermal having equal or constant temperature.
ject throw eject to throw someone/something out; interject to throw a remark into a discussion;
project to cast or throw something.
jud law judgment a decision of a court of law; judicial having to do with judges or courts of law;
judiciary a system of courts of law.
junct join conjunction a word that joins parts of sentences; disjunction a disconnection; junction
a place where two things join.
juven young juvenile youthful or childish; rejuvenate to bring back to youthful strength or
appearance.
kilo thousand kilobyte 1,000 bytes; kilometer 1,000 meter; kilograms 1,000 grams.
kine/t
/mat
motion,
division
kinetics study of the force of motion; psychokinesis or telekinesis the ability to move
objects with your mind; cinematography motion picture making.
lab work collaborate to work with a person; elaborate to work out the details; laborious
requiring a lot of hard work.
lact/o milk lactate to give milk, nurse; lactose the sugar contained in milk; lactic acid.
later side bilateral of or involving two sides; unilateral affecting one side of something.
leuk/o,
leuc/o
white,
colorless
leukemia abnormal increase of white blood cells in the blood; leukocyte a mature white
blood cell; leucine a white, crystalline amino acid.
lex word, law,
reading
lexicology the study and history of words; alexia -loss of the ability to read; illegal not
authorized by the official rules or laws.
liber free liberate to set free; libertine a person with a free, wild lifestyle; liberty freedom.
lingu language,
tongue
linguist one who studies languages; multilingual able to communicate in multiple
languages; linguine long, flat tongue-shaped pasta.
lip/o fat liposuction the mechanical removal of fat reserves in the tissue; lipase enzyme that
breaks down fat; lipoid resembling fat.
lite, ite,
lith/o
mineral, rock,
fossil
apatite a group of common minerals; granite a hard, granular rock; monolith a
remarkable, unique stone.
loc place dislocate to put something out of its usual place; location a place; relocate to move
to a new place.
log/o word,
doctrine,
discourse
logic correct reasoning; monologue a long speech by one speaker;analogy similarity,
especially between things otherwise dissimilar.
loqu, locu speak eloquent speaking beautifully and forcefully ; loquacious very talkative; elocution art
of public speaking.
luc light elucidate to explain, to throw light on; lucid easily understood, giving off light;
translucent allowing light through.
lud, lus to play prelude introduction to the major performance; illusion misleading optical image or
impression; delude to mislead, deceive.
lumin light illuminate to fill with light; lumen unit measuring light.
lun/a/i moon lunar relating to the moon; lunarscape the surface of the moon; lunatic insane (as if
driven mad by the moon).
macro large, great macroevolution large scale evolution; macromolecule a large molecule;
macroeconomics study of the overall forces of economy.
magn/a/i great, large magnify make larger; magnificent grand; magnate a powerful person, especially in
business or industry.
mal/e bad, ill, wrong malcontent wrong content; malaria bad air, infectious disease thought to originate
from the bad air of the swamps, but caused by the bite of an infected mosquito; malicious
showing strong ill will.
man/i/u hand maneuver to move by hand; manual done with the hands; manuscript a book written
by hand.
mand to order command an order or instruction; demand a hard-to-ignore order; mandate an official
order.
mania madness,
insanity,
excessive
desire
bibliomania a crazy love of books; egomania a mad love of oneself; maniac an insane
person.
mar/i sea marina a harbor for pleasure boats; maritime relating to the sea; submarine an
undersea boat; aquamarine color of sea water.
mater,
matr/i
mother maternal relating to motherhood; maternity the state of being a mother; matriarch a
woman head of a household.
max greatest maximal the best or greatest possible; maximize to make as great as possible;
maximum the greatest amount.
medi middle medieval pertaining to the Middle Ages; medium in the middle; mediocre only of
medium (inferior) quality.
mega great, large,
million
megalopolis an area with many nearby cities; megaphone a device that projects a loud
voice; megastructure huge building or other structure.
melan/o black melancholy a state of dark emotions; melanoma malignant dark tumor of the skin;
melodrama a dark, pathetic drama.
memor/i remember commemorate to honor the memory of, as by a ceremony; memorial related to
remembering a person or event; memory: an ability to retain knowledge or an
individuals stock of retained knowledge.
merge,
mers
dip, dive immerge or immerse to put or dip something into a liquid; submerge to dip something
completely into wate.r
meso middle Mesoamerica Middle America; meson elementary particle with a mass between an
electron and a proton.
meta change, after,
beyond,
between
metaphysics study of nature and reality; metamorphosis a complete change of form;
metastasis the transmission of disease to other parts of the body.
meter,
metr/y
measure audiometer- an instrument that measures hearing acuteness; chronometer- an instrument
that measures time; metric measured.
micro very small,
short, minute
microbe a very small living thing; microchip a tiny wafer with an integrated circuit;
microscope a device to see very small things.
mid middle midriff the area between the chest and the waist; midterm middle of a term in school;
midway halfway between.
migr move immigrant a person who moves to a new country to settle; migrant person who moves
from place to place; migration the process of moving.
milli onethousandth millimeter one thousandth of a meter; millibar one thousandth of a bar; milliliter one
thousandth of a liter.
min/i small, less mini something that is very small; minuscule extremely tiny; minutiae very small or
trivial details.
mis/o bad, badly,
wrong,
wrongly,
to hate
misbehave to behave badly; misprint an error in printing; misnomer an error in
naming a person or thing.
miss, mit send, let go dismiss to send someone away; missile a weapon sent into the air; emit to send
something out; admittance entry.
mob move immobilize to stop from moving; mobile able to move freely; mobility the quality of
being able to move.
mon/o one, single,
alone
monochromat having one color; monologue a speech spoken by one person;
monotheism belief in one god.
mot, mov move motion the act of moving; motivate to move someone to action; promote to move
someone forward; removable able to be taken or carried away.
morph/o form metamorphosis complete change of form; endorphins chemical in the brain able to
transform pain; amorphous without distinct shape or form.
mort death immortal living forever, unable to die; mortal certain to die; mortician an undertaker.
multi many, more
than one or
two
multicolored having many colors; multimedia using a range of media; multitasking
doing many things at once.
mut change immutable not changing; mutant an organism that has undergone change; mutate to
undergo a change.
my/o muscle myocardium the middle muscle of the heart; myasthenia muscle fatigue or weakness;
myosin common protein in muscle tissue.


T.I.M.E. Amritsar
Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes (N to R)
narr tell narrate to tell a story; narrative a story; narrator a person who tells a story.
nat born innate included since birth; natal relating to birth; natural gotten at birth, not
afterward.
nav ship circumnavigate to sail around a place; naval relating to a navy or warships; navigate
to sail a ship through a place.
necr/o dead, death necrophil loving death; necrosis the death of tissue due to disease or injury; necrology
a list of persons who have recently died.
neg no negate to say it didnt happen; negative meaning no; renege to go back on a
promise.
neo new, recent neoclassic a revival of classic form, neocolonialism the indirect (new) economical and
political control of a region by a more powerful foreign power; neonatal a newborn child,
especially the first few weeks.
nephr/o kidney nephritis inflammation of the kidneys; nephrotomy surgical incision of a kidney;
nephron a single, excretory unit in the kidney.
neur/o nerve neuralgia pain along a nerve; neurologist doctor specializing in the nerves; neurotic -
mental disorder that usually does not include an impaired perception of reality.
nom/in name misnomer an error in naming a person or thing; nominal being something in name only
but not in reality; nominate to name for election or appointment, to designate.
non no, not,
without
nondescript with no special characteristics; nonfiction true, real, not made-up;
nonsense without sense.
not mark notable marked as worthy of attention; notarize to certify a signature on a legal
document; annotate to add remarks.
noun,
nunc
declare announce to declare in public; denounce to proclaim harsh criticism; enunciate to
speak or declare something clearly.
nov new innovate to introduce a new way; novelty something new; novice a person who is
new at a job; renovate to make something like new again.
numer number enumerate to name a number of items on a list; numerology the study of magical uses
of numbers; numerous a large number.
ob, op in the way,
against
object to be against something; obscure hard to understand; opposition the act of
resistance or action against.
oct/a/o eight octagon a figure with 8 sides and 8 angles; octogenarian person in his or her 80s;
octopus sea animal with 8 arms.
ocu eye binoculars lens device for seeing distances; monocula relating to one eye; oculist an
eye doctor.
omni all omnipotent with all the power; omniscient knowing all things; omnivorous eating all
foods.
op/t/s eye, visual
condition,
sight
optic relating to the eyes; optician a person who fits eyeglasses; autopsy the
examination of a dead body.
opt best optimal the best, the most desirable; optimize to make the best of; optimum the best
something could be.
ortho straight orthodontist a dentist that straightens teeth; orthopedic a doctor concerned with the
proper alignment of the bones; orthography the correct way of writing.
osteo bone osteoarthritis inflammation caused by degeneration of the joints; osteopathy therapy
that uses among others manipulation of the skeleton to restore health; osteology the
study of bones.
out goes beyond,
surpasses,
exceeds
Outgoing being of lively, sharing nature; outdoing doing better than; outdoor outside.
over excessive overconfident more confident than is appropriate; overstock more supplies than is
desirable; overexcited ,more excited than one should be.
oxy sharp oxymoron combining two ideas that sharply contradict each other; oxydize corrode a
surface.
pale/o ancient paleontology study of ancient fossils; paleography the study of ancient forms of writing;
Paleolithic period of the Stone Age.
pan all, any,
everyone
panacea a cure for all diseases or problems; panorama an all-around view; pantheism
the worship of all gods; pandemic affecting all.
para beside,
beyond,
abnormal,
assistant
parasite an organism that lives on and off another living being; parallel alongside and
always an equal distance apart; paragraph a portion of a writtenn document that presents
a distinct idea.
para protection
from
parachute protection from falling; parasol an umbrella used to protect from the sun;
pater,
patr/i
father paternal relating to fathers; paternity fatherhood; patriarch a man who rules a group.
path feeling,
emotion
antipathy a feeling of great dislike; apathy a lack of feeling or interest; empathy
ability to understand anothers feelings.
ped/i/e foot, feet pedal a lever pushed by the foot; pedestrian one who walks; pedicure cosmetic
treatment of feet and toes.
pel drive, force compel to force someone to act; expel to drive someone out of a place; repel to force
back.
pent/a five pentagon shape having 5 angles and 5 sides, pentagram a five-pointed star formerly
used as a symbolic figure in magic; pentathlon an athletic contest that includes five
events.
pept,
peps
digestion dyspepsia abnormal digestion; peptic aiding digestion; pepsin a digestive enzyme.
per through,
throughout
permanent lasting throughout all time; permeate to spread throughout; persist to
continue for a long time; perennial lasting through many years.
peri around,
enclosing
periodontal pertaining to bone and tissue around a tooth; peripheral lying outside of the
center; perimeter the outer boundary of an area.
phag/e to eat esophagus muscular tube that carries food to the stomach; anthropophagy or sarcophagy
cannibalism; xylophagous feeding on wood.
phil/o love, friend philanthropist one who loves humanity; philology the love of words; philosophy the
love of wisdom; bibliophil loving books.
phon/o
/e/y
sound cacophony loud, unpleasant sounds; microphone a device that records and amplifies
sound; phonetic relating to human speech sounds.
phot/o light photogenic caused by light; photograph image made on light-sensitive film; photon
the smallest possible unit of light.
phyll/o leaf chlorophyll a group of green pigments found in leaves; phyllotaxis the arrangement of
leaves on a stem; phyllite a rock that forms sheets, similar to slate.
phys nature,
medicine, the
body
physical relating to the body; physician a doctor; physique nature and shape of ones
body.
phyt/o/e plant, to grow epiphyte a plant growing independently on the surface of another; hydrophyte a plant
that grows only in water; neophyte a beginner, especially a person recently converted to
a new belief.
plas/t/m to form,
development,
forming cells
protoplasm something that is the first made or formed, also the living portion of a cell;
plastic able to be formed, especially when warm; plaster a mixture of lime, sand and
water that forms a smooth solid covering for walls.
pneum/o breathing,
lung, air, spirit
pneumonia inflammation of the lungs; pneumatic using the force of air; dyspnea
difficulty breathing.
pod/e foot podiatrist a doctor for the feet; podium a small platform to stand on; tripod a stand or
frame with 3 legs.
poli city metropolis a large city; police people who work for the government to maintain order in
a city; politics actions of a government or political party.
poly many, more
than one
polychrome with many colors; polyglot a person fluent in many languages; polygon
shape with 3 or more straight sides.
pon place, put opponent a person who places him/herself against an action, idea, etc.; postpone to put
off doing something.
pop people popular appealing to a lot of people; population all of the people who live in a particular
area; populist a supporter of the rights of people.
port carry export to carry goods out of a place to another; portable able to be carried; porter a
person who carries luggage.
pos place, put deposit to place or drop something; expose to place out into the open for all to see;
position the place where someone is.
post after, behind posthumous after someones death; postpone to delay something; postscript an
addition to an already completed document.
pre earlier, before,
in front of
preamble a part in front of a formal document; prepare to get ready in advance;
prediction a statement foretelling the future.
pro before, in front prognosis a prediction of what will happen; prologue a passage before the main part;
of,
for, forward
prophet a person who foretells the future.
prot/o primitive, first,
chief
prototype the first of a kind; proton on of the very basic parts of an atom; protocol a
first draft from which a document is prepared.
pseud/o wrong,false pseudonym a fictitious name; pseudoscience theories presumed without proof of a
scientific nature; pseudopregnancy a false pregnancy.
psych/o mind, mental psyche the human spirit or soul; psychic relating to the human mind or someone who
has supernatural mental abilities; psychology the study of the mind.
pugn/a,
pung
to fight pugnacious having a quarrelsome or aggressive nature; repugnant distasteful, offensive
or revolting; pungent piercing.
pul urge compulsion a very strong urge; expulsion to someone out; impulsive having a
spontaneous urge to do something.
purg clean purge remove anything undesirable; purgatory according to Roman Catholics a place
where souls must clean themselves of sin; expurgate remove objectionable passages
from a publication.
put think computer an electronic thinking device; dispute to disagree with what another person
thinks; input contribution of ones thinking.
pyr/o fire, heat pyrotechnics the art of making fireworks; pyrometer a thermometer for measuring high
temperature; pyretic relating to or producing fever.
quad/r/ri four quadrant open space with buildings on 4 sides; quadrennium period of 4 years;
quadruped a 4-footed animal.
quart fourth quarter one fourth; quart a fourth of a gallon; quartet a musical composition or group
involving 4 voices or instruments.
quin/t five, fifth quintett a composition for 5 voices or instruments; quintessence pure essence, based
on the ancient philosophy that there was a fifth element that was present in all things;
quintuple fivefold.
radic,
radix
root eradicate pull out at the roots; radical fundamental, looking at things from a drastic
point of view; radish an edible root of the mustard family.
radio radiation, ray radioactive emitting radiation; radiologist someone diagnosing or treating via radiation.
ram/i branch ramification the resulting consequence of a decision; ramify to spread or branch out;
ramus a branchlike part.
re again, back,
backward
rebound -to spring back again; rewind to wind something backward; reaction: a
response; recognize: to identify someone or something seen before.
reg guide, rule regent a person who rules on behalf of a king or queen; regime a government that
rules; regulate to apply a rule.
retro backward,
back
retroactive relating to something in the past; retrogress to go back to an earlier
condition; retrospect the remembering of past events.
rhin/o nose rhinoceros a species of animals with a big horn on the snout; rhinoplasty surgery of the
nose; rhinovirus viruses that are causing the common cold.
rhod/o red rhododendron a flower with red/pink flowers; rhodium an element which produces a red
solution; rhodopsin a purple pigment in the retina that is needed for vision.
rid laugh deride to make fun of someone; ridicule to make fun or mock; ridiculous silly, causing
laughter.
rrh/ea
/oea/ag
flow, discharge diarrhea abnormally excessive bowl movement; hemorrhage heavy blood flow; catarrh
inflammation of a mucous membrane, especially the nose and throat.
rub red ruby deep red color and a precious stone of the same color; rubella measles; bilirubin
reddish pigment in bile.
rupt break, burst bankrupt unable to pay because youre broke; interrupt to break into a conversation
or event, to disturb; rupture a break in something.


T.I.M.E. Amritsar
Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes (S to Z)
san health sane mentally healthy; sanitary relating to cleanliness and health; sanitation
maintenance of public health and cleanliness.
scend climb, go ascend to climb upward; crescendo a climbing up of the volume of music; descend to
go or climb down.
sci know conscience sense of knowing right from wrong; conscious knowing what is happening;
omniscient knowing everything.
scler/o hard arteriosclerosis hardening of the arterial walls; multiple sclerosis disease which causes
the tissue of the brain and spinal cord to harden; sclerometer instrument for measuring
hardness.
scop/e/y see, examine,
observe
microscope a device used to see tiny things; periscope a seeing instrument on a
submarine; telescope a device used to see over a distance.
scrib,
script
write, written inscribe to write letters or words on a surface; scribe a person who writes out
documents; describe to represent with words or pictures.
se apart secede to formally break away from; seclude to keep away from; serum a liquid
isolated out of another.
sect cut dissect to cut apart piece by piece; intersection the place or point where two things
cross each other; bisect to cut into two equal parts.
self of, for, or by
itself
self-discipline the ability to discipline yourself; self-respect respect for yourself; selfish
concerned only with your own interests.
semi half, partial semiannual every half year; semicircle half a circle; semiconscious partly conscious;
semiannual every half of a year.
sept/i seven September this used to be the seventh month in the Roman calendar; septet a group of
seven musicians; septuagenarian a person in his/her seventies.
serv save, keep conserve to save or keep something safe; preserve to save something; reservation a
place kept for a person.
sex six sextet or sextette a composition or group of six, sextuple sixfold; sexagenarian
person in his/her sixties.
sol alone desolate lonely, dismal, gloomy; solitary done alone, by yourself; solo a performance
done by one person alone.
sol sun solar involving the sun; parasol umbrella protecting from the sun; solarium a room
where one is exposed to sun light.
somn/I sleep insomnia inability to fall asleep; somniloquy talking in your sleep; somnolent feeling
sleepy.
son sound consonant a speech sound; sonorous producing loud, full, rich sounds; supersonic
faster than sound; unison as one voice.
soph wise philosopher a wise person; sophisticated wise about the ways of the world; sophism a
clever but misleading argument.
spec/t,
spic
see, look circumspect cautious, looking all around; retrospective a looking back at past things;
spectator a person who sees an event.
sphere ball biosphere the whole round surface of the earth; hemisphere half the earth spherically
shaped like a ball.
spir breathe inspire to stimulate or animate; transpire to give of vapor with waste product through
the skin or a membrane; spirit invisible life force.
sta stand stable standing steady and firm; stagnant standing still, not moving; stationary at a
standstill, fixed.
stell star constellation a group of stars that forms a pattern; interstellar between the stars;
stellar relating to stars.
struct build construct to build; destruction the act of destroying something that was built; structure
something built; infrastructure underlying framework of a system.
sub under, lower
than,
inferior to
submarine an underwater boat; submerge to put underwater; substandard inferior to
accepted standards.
sum highest sum the combined total of everything; summation the total, highest amount; summit
the highest point or top.
super higher in
quality
or quantity
Super bowl the final annual football game; superior above average, better in quality;
supersonic faster than the speed of sound.
sy/m
/n/l/s
together, with,
same
symmetry -similarity in size, form or arrangement; synergy the combined effect;
synchronize to cause to occur at the same time.
tact, tang touch contact a state in which two things touch; tactile relating to the sense of touch; tangible
able to be touched; intact with nothing missing.
tax/o arrangement syntax the systematic arrangement of words; taxonomy the science of classification;
ataxia loss of the ability to coordinate muscle action.
techno technique, skill technology the practical application of knowledge; technocracy rule of technology;
technologically characterized by technology.
tel/e/o far, distant,
complete
telephone a device to talk to a distant person; telescope a device to view distant
objects; television a device to receive pictures from afar; telecommuting working
remotely, bridging the distance via virtual devices.
temp/or time contemporary existing at the same time; temporal relating to time; temporary lasting
for a limited time.
term/ina end, limit determine to find something out at the end of an investigation; terminate to end;
exterminate to destroy or get rid of completely.
terr/a/i land, earth extraterrestrial existing outside the earth; terrain ground or land; territory an area of
land.
tetra four tetrapod having 4 legs; tetrarchy government by 4 rulers; tetrose a monosaccharide
with four carbon atoms.
the/o god monotheism belief in one god; polytheism worshiping more than one god; theology
the study of religion, god, etc.
therm/o heat thermal relating to heat; thermos an insulated jar that keeps heat in; thermostat a
device that controls heat.
tort twist contortion a twisted shape or position; distort to alter the shape or condition of; retort
reply in a manner that is supposed to change the effect of something previously said.
tox poison detoxification - the process of removing poisons; toxic poisonous; toxicology the study
of poisons; intoxicated influenced by drugs.
tract pull, drag attract to pull objects nearer; distract to drag attention away from something; tractor
a motor vehicle that pulls things.
trans across,beyond,
through
transcontinental across the continent; transfer to move from one place to another;
transport to carry something across a space.
tri three, once in
every three,
third
triangle a figure with 3 sides and 3 angles; triathlon an athletic contest with 3 events;
tricycle a 3-wheeI vehicle with pedals.
ultra beyond,
extreme, more
than
ultrahigh extremely high; ultramodern more modern than anything else; ultrasonic
sound waves beyond human hearing.
un not,opposite
of, lacking
unabridged not shortened; unfair opposite of fair; unfriendly lacking friendliness.
uni one, single unicycle a vehicle with one wheel; unilateral decided by only one person or nation;
unique the only one of its kind; unison as one voice.
urb city suburb residential area on the edge of a city; urban relating to a city; urbanology the
study of city life.
vac empty evacuate to empty a dangerous place; vacant empty, not occupied; vacation a time
without work.
ven/t come circumvent to go around or bypass restrictions; convention a gathering or assembly of
people with a common interest; intervene - to come between.
ver/I truth veracious truthful, honest; veracity the truth; verify to make sure that something is
true.
verb word verbalize to put into words; adverb a word relating to a verb; proverb a short saying
that expresses a well-known truth.
vers,
vert
turn reverse to turn around; introvert being turned towards the inside; version a variation
of an original; controversy a conversation in which positions are turned against each
other.
vice acting in place
of,
next in rank
vice-president the person next in rank to the president
vid see evident clearly seen
vince,
vic
conquer convince to win someone over; invincible not able to be conquered; victory the
conquest of an enemy.
vis, vid see vision the ability to see; envision to picture in the mind; evident clearly visible.
viv/i live, life revival the act of bringing back to life; vital pertaining to live; vivacious high-spirited
vit and full of life.
voc/i voice, call advocate to speak in favor of; equivocate to use misleading language that could be
interpreted two different ways; vocalize to produce with your voice.
vol/i/u wish, will benevolent showing good will and kindness; volition the act of making a choice or
decision, voluntary resulting from your own free will.
vor,
vour
eat carnivorous meat-eating; voracious desiring or eating food in great quantities; devour
to eat quickly.
xen/o foreign xenophobic afraid of foreigners; xenogenesis the creation of offspring that is completely
different from either parent; xenophile attracted to foreigners.
xer/o/I dry xerophyte a plant that grows in dry climate; xerography a dry photocopying process;
xeric requiring small amounts of moisture.
zo/o animal life zoology study of animals; zooid resembling an animal; zooplankton minute floating
aquatic animals.
zyg/o pair zygote a cell formed by the union of two gametes and the organism developing from that;
zygomorphic pertaining to organisms that can be divided into symmetrical halves along
one axis only.